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Emergency System by Yu PDF
Emergency System by Yu PDF
Protected spaces
Cargo space
Open the
audible warning
audible alarm
Co2 bottles
This system of smoke detection, alarm and carbon dioxide flooding is usually used for
the fire protection of cargo hold spaces and engine room in addition to other fire
fighting appliances.
Sampling pipes are led from the protected space to a cabinet situated on the bridge.
Air sample is drawn through these pipes to the detection cabinet by a small fan.
The present of smoke will set off an audible and visual alarm.
The location of fire can be identified in the cabinet and the distribution valve of the
protected space is operated. This valve shuts off the sampling pipe from the cabinet
and opens it to the carbon dioxide main leading from the cylinder battery. A chart will
indicate the number of cylinders of gas to be released into the space.
Opening the cabinet sounds an alarm to warn personnel of the imminent discharge of
the gas. The discharge valve is opened and an operating lever pulled.
The operating lever opens an operating bottle of carbon dioxide which pressurize a
gang release cylinder that, in turn, moves an operating cable to open all the bottles in
the battery. (for machinery space, it is required that the carbon dioxide is to be filled
in with 85% of the required quantity in 2 minutes.)
Sometimes, numbers of cylinders of carbon dioxide are discharged in sequence at
interval of between 1/2 hour and 6 hours depending on conditions in order to maintain
the inert atmosphere.
MAINTENANCE :
1. EVERY 6 MONTHS CHECK ALL VALVES ARE IN NORMAL SET POSITIONS
2. EVERY YEAR, WEIGH OR X-RAY ALL CYLINDERS TO CHECK THE LEVEL IN
CYLINDERS, INSPECT SAFETY OUTLET AT ENDS OF MANIFOLD TO MAKE CERTAIN
DISC IS INTACT, ENSURE ALL DISTRIBUTING VALVES WORK FREELY AND ARE IN
THEIR NORMAL POSITION.
3. EVERY TWO YEARS ALL PIPE LINES MUST BE BLOWN THROUGH.
SPRINKLER SYSTEM
This system may be used in accommodation areas. The accommodation areas are
fitted with sprinkler heads which both detect and extinguish fires. The sprinkler heads
is closed by quartzoid bulb which contains a liquid that expands considerably on
heating. When excessively heated the liquid expansions, shatters the bulb and water
will issue from the sprinkler head. A deflector plate on the sprinkler head causes the
water to spray out over the protected area. Once the tank pressure falls, as a sprinkler
issues water, a salt water pump cuts in automatically to maintain the water supply as
long as is necessary.
The system should be regularly checked by creating fault conditions at the various
section control valves by opening a test valve, and checking for audible and visible
alarms.(spare bulbs shall be carried out on board.)
FOAM INDUCTION SYSTEM
Foam induction systems are designed to protect both on deck and in the machinery
spaces.
Mechanical foam is drawn from a sealed foam compound tank via the linked air and
foam valve by the fire pump.
The automatic induction unit ensures the correct mixing of water and foam compound
which is then pumped as a foam making solution to the hydrant for use.
Passenger ship One abandon ship drill and one fire drill every week and within 24
hours after embarkation of passengers. (On a ship engaged on a short
international voyage, if a must of the passengers is not held on
departure, the attention of the passengers shall be drawn to the
emergency instructions.
Abandon ship 1. After hearing the prescribed abandon ship signal, put on warm
clothes and life jacket and then go to their mustering station and
carry out the duty allocated to them in the muster list.
2. Within 5 minutes the life boat shall be prepared for embarkation
and launching by 2 crew.
3. Item 5 to item 8 above.
(Every lifeboat shall be launched with its assigned operating crew aboard &
manoeuvre in the water at least once every 3 months during an abandon ship drill
(for rescue boat at least every month).
Fire Drill : 1. On hearing the fire alarm signal ,all crew should go to the assigned
muster station and carry out the duty allocated to them in the muster
list
2. Start the fire pump (there should be water supply within 5 minutes)
3. Inspection the fireman outfit, communication equipments,
firefighting equipments, & the operation of watertight door, fire
doors ventilation system & ready the abandon ship equipments.
Records & review : The date when musters are held, details of abandon ship drills
and fire drills, drills of other life-saving appliances and on-board training shall be
recorded. If a full muster, drill or training session is not held at the appointed time, an
entry shall be made stating the circumstances and the extent of the muster, drill or
training session held. A review shall be made to the drill and equipments after the
drill.
Shipping Casualty Action
Action to carried when fire :
1. Inform the bridge & sound the fire alarm (notified the Fire Brigade & Port
Authority, if in port).
2. Use appropriate fire fighting appliances to extinguishing the fire.
3. After hearing the fire alarm, all crew should proceed to the assigned muster
station.
4. Chief officer / Chief engineer in charge the scene to find out the fire source and
the materials and characteristic of the fire.
5. Close down ventilation fan, all doors, including watertight doors and sky light and
switch off the electrical supply to the fire area and prevent the spread of fire.
6. Con of the vessel so as to make fire region on the down wind.
7. Exhibit appropriate lights & shapes.
8. Notify engine room to standby the engine.
9. Prepare to launch lifeboat and life raft.
10. Precaution to be taken to avoid the fire ignites again.
Collision:
1. If the collision involves penetration of the hull, make sure both vessels are safe to
pull out before pulling out. (e.g. if it is danger to pull out, rescue persons first
before pull out.)
2. Assess the condition of the ship
(a) the damage condition;
(b) whether the ships pump can cope with the initial inrush;
(c) whether plugging, listing can reduce the inflow;
(d) whether bulkhead is liable to be collapsed.
3. Check & record the damage condition of the other vessel.
4. Exchange information: (a) name of ship
(b) port of registry
(c) Where from & bound to
(d) Shape, size of the bow & draft
(e) Particulars of contact with the ship owner / master.
5. Send the distress signal.
Stranding/grounding :
1. Stop engine & sound the emergency alarm of summon the crew;
2. call master & inform engine room;
3. Assess the position and damage of the hull;
4. Sound all bilges & tanks;
5. Check ships position & find out the local currents & tides, particularly details of
the rise & full of the tide;
6. Sound around ship & determine which way deep water lines, & the nature of the
seabed;
7. Exhibit lights, shapes & sound appropriate signal;
8. If necessary change to high suction;
9. Inspect the main / auxiliary engine for damage;
10. Send urgent / distress signal, inform the company, coastal/port authority and
warning ships in the vicinity;
11. If self re-float is impossible, call for assistance, try to fix the ships position (e.g.
use of anchor / ballast the water for securing the ship).
12. If there is oil leakage, follow the procedure stated in the SOPEP;
13. If there is flooding, following the flooding procedure mentioned in Identity
Emergency Plan.
Flooding :
1. Sound the general emergency alarm to summon the crew;
2. Stop the engine / reduce speed of the engine;
3. Identity the location of incoming water;
4. Close the watertight doors around the damage portion & strength the bulkhead if
needed;
5. Put the damage portion to the downwind side to stop/limit the incoming water &
pump out the water; (Shore up to stem water flow.)
6. Maintain the floatability and stability;
7. Estimate the development & the damage stability;
8. Prepare to launch the lifeboat and life raft
9. Sent urgency / distress signal if needed & report to the company and the
coastal/port authority in the vicinity;
MAINTENANCE PLAN
4. The maintenance plan should include, but not limited to, the following fire
protection and fire-fighting systems and appliances, if available:
a. Fire mains, fire pumps and hydrants including hoses, nozzles and international
shore connections
b. Fixed fired detection and fire alarm systems
c. Fixed fire-extinguishing systems and other fire extinguishing appliances
d. Automatic sprinkler, fire detection and fire alarm systems
e. Ventilation systems including fire and smoke dampers, fans and their controls
f. Emergency shut down of fuel supply
g. Fire doors including their controls
h. General emergency alarm systems
i. Emergency escape breathing devices
j. Portable fire extinguishers including spare charges
k. Firemans outfit
4. Passenger ships are also required to develop a maintenance plan for lowlocation
lighting and public address systems, in addition to listed items in para 3.
5. In addition to the items listed in para 3, tankers are also required to develop
maintenance plan for:
a. Inert gas systems
b. Deck foam systems
c. Fire safety arrangements in cargo pump rooms
d. Flammable gas detectors
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
6. Portable fire extinguishers are to be examined by a competent person annually.
7. Each portable fire extinguisher is to be provided with a label indicating that it
has been examined and the date of the examination, or the date of next examination.
8. Containers of permanently pressurized portable fire extinguishers and
propellant bottles / containers of non-pressurized portable fire extinguishers shall be
hydraulically pressure tested as follows:
a. Powder extinguishers every 10 years
b. CO2 extinguishers every 10 years
c. Other extinguishers every 10 years
2. Describe, with the aid of a sketch of a typical inert gas system in an oil tanker.
Show the main safety features of the system, and list the safety features as required
under SOLAS.
(a) Show by a simple diagram a smoke detecting and smothering system which has a
single pipe to each cargo compartment, and explain its operation
(b) State how its fire alarm is triggered and how the officer on watch can ascertain the
location of the fire.