Θέματα & Λύσεις Θαλή, Ευκλείδη 2006-17, Αρχιμήδη 2009-17

- 2006 - 2017
2009 - 2017

(parmenides51)
links pdf
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: Juniors
: (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)
:
: Seniors
: (2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017)
_

2005-06 (66 ) 2006
2006-07 (67) 2006 2007
2007-08 (68) 2007 2008
2008-09 (69) 2008 2009 (26) 2009 : Juniors - Seniors
2009-10 (70) 2009 2010 (27) 2010 : Juniors - Seniors
2010-11 (71) 2010 2011 (28) 2011 : Juniors - Seniors
2011-12 (72) 2011 2012 (29) 2012 : Juniors - Seniors
2012-13 (73) 2012 2013 (30) 2013 : Juniors - Seniors
2013-14 (74) 2013 2014 (31) 2014 : Juniors - Seniors
2014-15 (75) 2014 2015 (32) 2015 : Juniors - Seniors
2015-16 (76) 2015 2016 (33) 2016 : Juniors - Seniors
2016-17 (77) 2016 2017 (34) 2017 : Juniors - Seniors
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parmenides51 :
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2006 2016
(parmenides51)

( links pdf)
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2006-07 67/09-12-06 2006:

2007-08 68/24-11-07 2007:
2008-09 69/01-11-08 2008:
2009-10 70/21-11-09 2009:
2010-11 71/30-10-10 2010:
2011-12 72/19-11-11 2011:
2012-13 73/20-10-12 2012:
2013-14 74/19-10-13 2013:
2014-15 75/01-11-14 2014:
2015-16 76/14-11-15 2015:
2016-17 77/12-11-16 2016:
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GREEK MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY
( ) 34 34, Panepistimiou (leftheriou Venizelou) Street
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e-mail : info@hms.gr e-mail : info@hms.gr
www.hms.gr www.hms.gr

67

, 9 2006

1. :
54
= 111 264 (15 + ) 5 :12 :11 + 1
6
2. 100
18 2 10;
3. 6% 0 4% .
.
9 3
=
6
4. =
x .
.

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68

, 24 2007
B
1.

2
= ( 200 : 8 + 12 100 ) + 200 : ( 8 + 2 ) + 762 ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) .
13 12 2007

2.
,
, . ,
5, 4 3, .
300 400,
.
3.
200 3 .
10% .
20% ;

4.

.
300cm 2

( ), E
:
()
() .

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69

, 1 2008
B
1. :
= 42 252 + 2008 : 4 + (33 52 ) 249 104
5
2. Ay - x

Ax . -
:

A=62 D
= .
() - y
.
2
()
.

3
3. :
21 42 21
< < ,
5 4

= + 5(4 + ) + 3( 4) + 1919 .
5
4.
60% 80% .
, , , , -
, .
100 200.
80% 60%
,
.
5

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70

, 21 2009
B
1
1 3 5
a = 4 2 b = 5 + , :
5 2 2
1
A = a : b 2009 b .
5a
5
2
4.
(i) ;
(ii) , , -
39 50, 4 1.
5
3
AB , 1400
1 6, .
() .
()
.
5

4
1 1
, ,
4 5
1
, 80
8
. -
, , 12 -
, :
() ;
() ;
5

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71

, 30 2010
1. x = 32 4 23 : 4 + 25 y = 4 52 43 + 7 32 .
() x y .
() x y
.
2. , .
6. ,
7, 16, 32
248.
3. . .

= 700
.
= 1300 , :

) .

) o .
4. .
80 , 120 .
2600 .
10% ,
:
. .
. 150%
.
5
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72

19 2011
1
:
2 1 17 1 1 3 7
1 : 5 2 1 .
7 14 2 7 6 2 3
2
10

, :

2

: 2.
1 9

5
3
, , 3 , 9 , 11 .
,
56. , .
4
.
= .

.
1. : 90 .
2. ,
: 200 .
5
: 3
!
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73

20 2012
1
:
5
2 44 39 11
= 18 :
5 5 5 3+ 6
11
2

12, 30 54,
:
3
2
= 2 : 2

1
2
3
800 .
407
1050 . 2,5
6% .
()
.
() ( )
8% ,
.
4
= 60D = 3 .
2
= .
B , .
5
: 3 !
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74

19 2013
1
:
16 1 74
32 12 : 4 53 3 4 : .
9 8 9

2
.
20% . ,
15% .
1360 , :
() .
() .
() .
3

.

,
, . :
() ,
() .
4
7
.
5
18, 8,
12 9.
18
12, .
5
: 3 !
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

75

1 2014

1
2
13 74 3 3
: :8
9 9 37 4
2

200 40%
. 25%
50%, ,
.
3
,
:
1003 1007 1009 997 1011 999 1001 1005
, , , , , , , .
2015 2019 2021 2009 2023 2011 2013 2017
4
90
.
.
() .
.
()
5 : 3
!
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

76

14 2015
1
:
32 5

24 : 6 52 2 8 8 : 22 , 25 112 : 32 1
11 7
.

2
6 4
20% 5%,
:
(i) , (ii) .
3
= 30 .
,
.

.

4
x 1, x, x 1
1000 x 10, x 1
11 x 1 3.
5 : 3
!
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77

12 2016
1
:
( 20 ) ( 8)
2 3 3
153 3
= + + .
( 5)
3
52 23 9
2
.
=
.
.
() = .
.
()
3
540 .
% .
% .

. .
4
8 9
.
, 4 3.
5 : 3
!
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67

, 9 2006

1. x

2. + 2 + = 0 =10,
2
:

= ( + ) 2 ( + 2 ) 2
2
2
3. p ,
27p + 1 .
4. ,
,
3 1 10 1
a + a = 3.
2 3

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68

, 24 2007

1
:
= ( 2 ) : ( 4 ) + ( 4 ) : ( 2 ) , B = ( x 3) 3 ( y 4 ) x ( y 2 ) y ( x + 3) .
8 2 2 4

x : > .
2

=
= 40D .
E

.
() x , x
() = .
3
() , ,
= {0,1, 4,5, 6,9} .
() A = aaabb , a, b
a 0 , ,
9.
4

=
= 30D .

.
()

=

.
()
= .
() .

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69

, 1 2008

4
3 4 4
2 3 + x (2) 2 + (1) 2
2
x
1. : A = 2
, B= + .
0
1 (1)2009 5 2
A = B , x . 5
2. ( + 2, 4 1) ), , -
Oxy . :
() ,
()
() , ,
Ox Oy, .
5
3. = , = 2 -
.
.
. 5
45 22
4. = 900 , ,
6
= 2003 (1) (1) +1 + 4 (1) + 2 . 5

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70

, 21 2009

1
, -
:
( 1) 2 v +1 ( 1)3v
A = 4 ( 1) + 2
v
7 .
5 5
5
2
O 5 2. -
.
5
3
1 , 2 , . 1
4, 2
( ) : y = 2 x (0,6).
() .
() , -
xy , 1 , 2
2 xx .
5
4
r1 , r2 , r3 0 < r1 < r2 < r3 . 1 -
r1 , r2 , 2 -
r2 , r3 .
( 1 )
r2 r1 = r3 r2 r3 = 3r1 , , ( 1 ) ( 2 )
( 2 )
1 2 , .
5

71

, 30 2010

6 4
3 3 6
4
1. x + y = 3 ( 2 )
2
y w = , :
5 5
= 7 x + 10 y 3w 87 .
2. , :
() 4,
() ,
() 5 ,
()
1.
3. = 1200 .
x y ,
, . = 1200 ,
= 600 2 3
, :
. .
. .
. .
4. 2 . 1
C ( , )
, , . 2
C ( , ) .
.
( ,, ) C ( , )
C ( , ) .
. ( 1 ) ( 2 )
( 1 )
1 2 , ,
( 2 )
13
.
5
. x C ( , x )
( ,, )
.
5
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72

19 2011

1
101 :103 , 105 :107 101 1000 :
2
6

2
:
x
3
x x 5 2 2x 9
2 x.
2 4 4 8
3
Oxy
y 3 1 x 2 , , ,
y 2 x 2,8 .
() .
() 4, 4 1, 2
.
4

.
C , , , .
() 1
C ,
.
() 2

C , .
1 4
() . ( 3,1415 ).
2 3
5
: 3 !
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73

20 2012
1

x 2 y 4 z 6 2182
= , x = 210 , y = 48 , z = 86 ,
3 (13 2 3 + 4 9
2 3 2
)
3 1
2
3 -3

4 x 5 + 2 < ( x 3) + 2 ( 1) .
3

1

12
( , ) ( , ) , 0 < < ,
:
=
3
3
= 2 2 2 .
4
4
= cm < .
. = 2 ,
:
(i) .
(ii)
.
5
: 3 !
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74

19 2013

1

5 , :
3 3 4, 6 2 0, 2 .
2

4 1 2 5 ,
x :
3 x
2 x 1 x 1 .
2
3
O
2, 6 .
, .
() .
() , .
() .
4
c(, R) ( R )
10
, 30 .

.
,
c(, R) .
()
.

()
.
5
: 3 !
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75

1 2014
1
x4 1 6 3
2
2 , .

x
x 1 x 2
3 13 4
2
170 230.
1
4%
3
, ,
.
3
.

2
.

, , .

4
1 2 1 2 ,
1 3
, .
2 7
.

1 2 .
5
: 3
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76

14 2015
1
4
a 1 1 3 1 2
a 1 , a .
3 33 2 27 3
2
100 10 ,
4,
28 42
, .

3
= .
,
.
,
. 36 , :
() 36 ,
() = ,
() = .
4
x, y, z , w, m , ,
5,
x y z m w .
5 : 3
!
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77

12 2016

12
1. = : 22 1 = 102 +1 : 100 ,
3
( ) + 2 2 + 2 2
3 3
: = .
2 + 10
2.
=

,
.
C2
.
C2
. = 45o , :
,
()
() .
3
450
.
20% .
120 .
.
4

= 3a5b = 3 103 + a 102 + 5 10 + b = 5c3d = 5 103 + c 102 + 3 10 + d .

() a, b, c, d , : < .
36 45

() , ,
36 45
a, b, c, d .
5 : 3
!
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67

, 9 2006

1. 5
20 .
10 . 1090.

.
2. ( x + 3) = 3 + 2 x 2
.
3. , ,
:
2

+ + 3 + +

4. >

, .
= . : = .

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68

, 24 2007

1
.
: x y
, x 50 y 40,
.
: x 100
y 20, ;
: , .
: .
; ;
2
, , R ( )( )( ) 0
:
( 1)( + 1) ( 1)( + 1) ( 1)( + 1)
= + + .
( )( ) ( )( ) ( )( )
3
= = 45D .
.
=
. = :
() ,
() .
4
x, y :
x6 + 2x 3 y 2 + 3x 3 + y 4 + 3y 2 - 40 = 0

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69

, 1 2008

1 1
1. x -
8 4
1255 x . x .
5
2. x, y z 0 x y z
xyz + xy + yz + zx + x + y + z = 44 .
5
3. :

, .
( ).
5
4.
x2 y = z 2 , y 2 z = x2 , z 2 x = y 2 ,
:
() x3 + y 3 + z 3 = 3 xyz .
() x, y , z 0.
5

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70

, 21 2009

1

75. .
5
2
,
4 2 + 4 + 2 2 + +1 ,

= 2 + 2 34.
5
3
.
() , ,
= = , .
() (
), , = =
,
.
5
4 .
( ) .
( ) .
( ) , -
, .
: ,
. -
-
. , , o
;
;

. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025
: www.hms.gr www.hms.gr

71

, 30 2010
1. -
x 1 x 2 1 x ( x 1)
x 2 5 x = 14, + < .
2 4 4
2. , , , ,
:
= 4 + 2 3 + 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 2 2 + 2 4 .
3. :
x 4 x 1 2 5 x
1 = , = + .
2 y 2 3y 3 3
4. = .
() . ()
, = < .
.
5
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72

19 2011
1
:
x 10 x 2 7 x 10 0

x 2 1 2 x 1 x x 1 .

2 5 2
2
:
1 x 4 1 x x 1 x 2 1 x 3 1 x
3 3 3
x
1 x 2 1 x 3 x 2 1
2
3
() , :
x x 3 x 1
x 2 .
2 4 4
() ;
4
( ).
,
. ,
K , N . T , S
, , , S T
.
5
: 3 !
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73

20 2012
1
x x ( x 2 ) = 24
25.
2
:
3 + 3 2 + 2 + ( + 2 ) ( 2 )
( , ) = ,
( + )
2
+ 0 + 1 .
3

x 2 + 2 x + 2 1 = 0 .

-5 2
20.
4
= = =2 .

. .
.
5
: 3 !
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74

19 2013
1

1 1 1
x y 4 x y 4

(1 ) 2
3 4 1 2 x 3 y 8
x y 2
x, y , .
2
x, y z :
z 2 x y z 3 x y .
() : y x z .
() x, y, z : x 2 y 2 z 2 680 .
3
x A 8 x 1 B 2 x 3
.
4
200.
.
,
.
.
.
5
: 3 !
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75

1 2014
1
:
20153 20133 20163 20123 18 2014 4 2014 2014 3 5 2014 1

2 2

20142 40292 20142 4027 2 5 20142 1 4 2014 2
2
2
2 . 100
120 4000 .
50 10% 60
20% 1680 .
.
3
:
x 2 y 2 xy 2 x 2 y 2 2 xy x 4 y 4 ,
2 2

x, y .
() x, y
x .
() ,
x, y .
4
100o D 40o. DB
ABCD A
DB DC ,
CDA
.
CAB
5
: 3 !
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76

14 2015
1
: 2 x x 1 x 1 x 2 x 2 , .

2x 1 3 x 1

4 8 4

x .
2
x y 1 6 x 3 y 2

3 4
11
x 3 y 2
x, y
x y x 2 y 2 p,
p .
4
AB = A 30 . ,
AB A . ( )
. , A
T . :
() .
() A .
5 : 3
!
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77

12 2016
1
x :
( x2 + x + 1) ( x 1) + 5x x3 + x + 19 . (1)
2 x 1 23 4 x 21
> (2)
3 9 9
2
= 1 1 0 = 10 + 1 10 1 + ... + 1 10 + 0 ,
2, 8, 8
8.
3
= = 30o .
= = .
( , )
( , ).
, .
4
k ,
= 2017 2016 2015 2013 2012 2011 ,
.
5 : 3
!
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67

, 9 2006
1. x 2 (2006 + 1) x + 2007 = 0
] , .
2. = 4, = 2
= 1 = 3 .
.
3. = 2 + 2 + 2 + ... + 2 2008 .
2 3
30 .
4. ) :
3
2 + 3 3 > 3 19
) :
3
1 1 38
2 x+x = .
3
2+ 3
3

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68

, 24 2007

1
x, y :
x6 + x 4 - 2x 3 - 2x 2 y 2 - 2y 2 + 2y 4 + 2 = 0 .
2

, , , x + x + = 0
2
3
x // ( x
).
x , (
).
.
() .
() .
4.
x, y, z \* , :
3 x 2 y + 2 yz 2 = 70 xz
7 y 2 z + 4 zx 2 = 256 xy
5 z 2 x + 6 xy 2 = 52 yz.

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69

, 1 2008

1. , ,
15. -
25.
5
2. & = = 90D .
-
. .
5
3. ( x, y, z ) x y z ,
:
x2 ( y z ) + y 2 ( z x ) + z 2 ( x y ) = 2 ,
x + y + z = 300 .
5
4. .

.
= , = ,
,
. -
, .
5

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70

, 21 2009
1
, , :
4 1 1 +
+ .
+ 2
5

2
, C (O, R) . 1 , 1 , 1
, , 2 , 2 , 2
, , , 2 1 2 12 1
1 2 , 12 1 2 .
5
3
x, y x 2009 y 2009 :
x+ y
x 2009 + y + 2009 = +1,
2

x y+2
= .
2
5

4
:
( x + y )3 = z 2 x y

( y + z ) = x 2 y z ( ) ,
3
( z + x )3 = y 2 z x

.

. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025
: www.hms.gr www.hms.gr

71

, 30 2010
1. x, y, z
x2 y z = x 2
y2 z x = y 2
z 2 x y = z 2,
x + y + z = 6 x, y, z .
2. c1 ( , ) (
R1 = ) c2 ( , ) ( R2 = ). c1 ( , )
. c2 ( , )
.
. .
. = = 30o ,
.
3. x, y x + y = 4 , :
( 2 x + 1) ( 2 y + 1)
2 2
+ 25 .
x y
;
4. ( = 90o ) .

. ,
.
5
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72

19 2011

1
() :
x
x 2 2 x 1 x 1 x 4 , x 2 .
x2 2
() :
2012 4019 2009 2006
,
20102 2
.
2

1 1 1
2,
xa xb c
x , , a, b, c ,
c 0.
3
:
y x3 2 x 2, z y 3 2 y 2, x z 3 2 z 2 .
4
< < ,
c(O,R) . , , c(O,R)
, . , ,
M . ,
, . :
) , (c1 )
(c2 ) , .
) , , (c1 ) (c 2 )
, .
5
: 3 !
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73

20 2012

1
0 1 < < 1 ,

= 1+ ,

1+ 1 1+ 1
= + , = .
1 1+ 1 1+
2
:
x 2 2 x 1 + 2 = 0 .

( 0,5 ) 82.
3
x, y z

x y z
= =
2012 x + 3 2012 y + 5 2012 z + 7
x, y z 747.
4
c(O, R) , AB ( )
M AB . c1 ( A, AM ) c2 ( B, BM )
c(O, R) K N , . c1 ( A, AM )
c2 ( B, BM ) T . T
KMN .
5
: 3 !
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74

19 2013

1
x :
9 x 2 3x 1 27 x
2 6.
x 9 x 3x 1
x ;
2
, , x 2 x 0
0 , x1 1 x2 .
3
x

2x2 x 4
x2 x 2
.
4
AB ( )
C( O , R ) ( O R ). C B ( B , AB ) ( B
AB ), A C( O , R ) .
C ( , A ) ( A ), A
C( O , R ) .
, , , .
5
: 3 !
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75

1 2014
1
k x .
:
xk 1 x k 1 1
k 1 k 2 .
x 1 x 1
2
x, y :
2 x 2 10 xy 13 y 2 2 x y 5
3
ABC ( AB AC BC ) (c)
( O R ) D, E B, C ,
( (c) ). (c1 ) ( A AE ),
AC K . (c2 ) ( AD ),
AB ( ) L .
EK DL (c) .
4
100 x
. 100,
70. 78,
.
5
: 3 !
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76

14 2015
1
x, y x 2 2 y 2 4 ,
A x 4 5 x 2 2 y 2 x 4 32 y 2 ,
x, y .
2
.
, , , , ,
.
.
3
a .
5a a 2
() , , a.
2 5
()
:
3x a x 2 x a
, 2 3x a x 2 x 1 a, a x 2 x a
2 2 3
x .
4
:
a 3 b c a

: b3 c a b
3
c a b c
5 : 3
!
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77

12 2016
1

= ( 2 + 18 ) ( 8 + 1)
2 2
2
( = )
, = = .
( , ).
, .
3
:
( 2 + 1)( 2 + 3)( 2 + 5 )( 2 + 7 ) > 16 + 4 .
( + 1)( + 2 )( + 3)
4
- x, y, z , w
:
1 1 1 1
x + w = 2, y + w = 2, z + + w = 2, y + + w = 2
x y x z
5 : 3
!
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67

, 9 2006

1. f : \ \
f ( f ( x + y )) = x f ( y ) x, y \ .
h : \ \ h( x) = f ( x) + f ( x) .
2.
3x +1 x 3x 4 x 1 = 0 .

3. z1 , z2 0, .
2
:
2 2
z1 z2 2 2
+ z1 + z2 + 2 Re( z1 z2 )
2 2 .
4. , ,
.
= = ,
,
.

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68

, 24 2007

1
= = 30 .
D

.
() .
()
= .
2
() , \ 2
:
x3 ( + 4 ) x 2 = 0 x 2 4 x 2 = 0 .
() , (),
x 3 ( + 4 ) x 2 17
= .
x2 4x 2 8
3
f : \ \ :
f ( f ( x) f ( y ) ) = f ( f ( x) ) y , x, y \ ,
f .
4
a, b c ,
, :
2 2 2
a +b b+ c c + a
+ + 2.
a-b b-c c-a

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69

, 1 2008

1. 120 ,

= 4 + 5 = 3 + 4 .
5
2. -
= n 2 n + 1 B = n 2 + n + 1 , n .
5
3. ( x, y, z ) x y z
:
xy ( x y ) + yz ( y z ) + zx ( z x ) = 6.
;
5
4. .

.
= 2 , = 2
, -
.
, .
5

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70

, 21 2009
1 .
x, y
2 x 2 + 3x ( x 2 ) + 11x 10 y = 2015
5
2
f : \ \ :
f ( x f ( y )) f ( y f ( x )) = 2 f ( f ( x ) f ( y )) ,
x, y \ . f ( x f ( x )) = 0 , x \ .
5

3

000
"
,
000

2
00" 00 , 2 .
: 33
33 .
5
4 .
, C (O, R) 1 , 1 , 1
R R
, , . C1 ( 1 , ) , C2 (1 , )
2 2
R
C3 (1 , ) . C1 , C2 , C3 ( )
2
2 , 2 , 2 , , .
1 2 , 12 , 1 2 .
5

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71

, 30 2010
1.
( 2x + 3 x + 1) ( x 2 + 3x + 2 ) = 7 ( x 2 1) .
2 3 3 3
2. .

.
, .
3. 2m , m ,
.
. ,

.
.
.
10 , 20 ,
30 ...
. m 3 ,
7 .
. 210 ,
.
4. c1 (O1 , r1 ) c2 (O 2 , r2 ) A
B , . M c1 (O1 , r1 ) , c2 (O 2 , r2 )
r1 < r2 , MA < MB .
5
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72

19 2011
1

x 3x 2 x 2 x 2 16 x 2 .
2 4 4 4
2
, ,
x 2
y2 2x y , 2 x y ()
, .
3
an , n 0,1, 2,... d n an an 1 ,
n 1, 2,.3,.... a1 a0 .
1. , a0 , n an
S n 1 a0 a1 an .
2. a0 1 a1 7 , n
: an 103 S n 1 8 103 .
4
< < ,
(c) . ,
(c) ,
M . ,
(c) ,
N . :
) , , , , , , , ,
, (c1 ) (c2 ) , .
)
, (c1 ) (c 2 ) .
5
: 3 !
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73

20 2012
1

1 1 1 1 2011
+ + + + = .
1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + + x 2013
2
f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c
g ( x ) = cx + b , a, b, c \, a 0 , ,
, a, b, c
.
3
x, y z

x y z
= =
2012 x + y 2012 y + z 2012 z + 7
x, y z 147.
4
c(O, R) , BC ( )
M BC . c1 ( B, BM ) , c2 (C , CM )
c(O, R) K , N , , c1 ( B, BM ) , c2 (C , CM )
A M . M BC
c1 ( B, BM ) , c2 (C , CM ) T , S , .
AM , KT , NS .
5
: 3 !
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74

19 2013
1

2 x2 5x 2 x x2 5x 1 .
2
, 2 2 ,
2
.
3
a
4 x 4 8 4a x3 a 2 8a 4 x 2 a 3 8 x a 2 0
.
4
AB ( )
C( O , R ) ( O R ) ( )
. C B ( B , AB ) ( B
AB ), ( ) C( O , R ) .
C ( , A ) ( A ), ( )
C( O , R ) . C B ( B , AB ) , C ( , A )
( ) C( O , R ) .
() , , , .
() , , .
5
: 3 !
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75

1 2014
1
y x 2 3 5 x 186, .
x
.
2
:
x 4 x 2 y 2 y 4 91
2
x xy y 13
2
3
( C (O, R ) .
C (O, R ) , Z .
. C (O, R )
. . ,
C (O, R ) .
, .
4
n ,
d1 d 2 d3 d 4 :
d1 d 2 d 3 d 4 640 .
5
: 3 !
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76

14 2015
1
Oxy
1 1 1
y y . y
x x x
1 1
, , , ,

1 1 1
y , ,
x
0 . :
(i)
(ii) .
2

3x 2 3x 4 x 2 3 2 x 2 3x 5 2 x 2 2 .
3
- x, y
x 3 y 3 x y pq , p, q .
4
ABC ( AB AC BC )
c(O, R) D, E AB AC .
BC (c1 ) , (c2 ) BDT
CET . (c1 ) (c2 ) BC L
. DELK .
5 : 3
!
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77

12 2016
1
Oxy
y = x 2 , , , ,
= = > 0 .
.
2
= = 45o .
= = .
, .
, .
3
P ( x ) , :
() P (1) = 1, P ( 2 ) = 4, P ( 3) = 9, P ( 4 ) = 16.
() P ( x ) 10.
P ( 5 ) .
4
= 147 + 14 2 + 1 .
5 : 3
!
2006 2016
(parmenides51)

( links pdf)
. /
2005-06 66/21-06-06 2006:

2006-07 67/20-01-07 2007:
2007-08 68/19-01-08 2008:
2008-09 69/17-01-09 2009:
2009-10 70/23-01-10 2010:
2010-11 71/15-01-11 2011:
2011-12 72/21-01-12 2012:
2012-13 73/12-01-13 2013:
2013-14 74/18-01-14 2014:
2014-15 75/17-01-15 2015:
2015-16 76/16-01-16 2016:
2016-17 77/28-01-17 2017:
(bookmarks) pdf.
parmenides51 :
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66

, 21 2006
1. + = 1000.
3 + 5 = 3005; .
2. 6 , 9 , 12 15 .

) 3
) 5
) 6
) 10
( ).
3.

4.
A= 1
99
(1 + 1
2
+ 1
3
+ ... + 1
99
)

B= 1
100
(1 + 1
2
+ 1
3
+ ... + 1
100
)
;

( ) 34 34, Panepistimiou (leftheriou Venizelou) Str.
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025
Web site: www.hms.gr Web site: www.hms.gr

67
" "
, 20 2007

1.
42
.
2 + 1
n
2. .
, -

n = 4
. n , n.

3. , , , ( )( + ) 0
+ +
+ = + ,
+ +
, , , 0.
4. xyzxyz , x, y , z
x0 7, 11 13.
: 3
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68

, 19 2008
B
1.
8 x + 10 y = 1 ,
= 2008 4 ( 4 x + 5 y ) 48 x 60 y.
2.
a 5,
5 . a ;
3
ABC
C
AB . , D
CD = CE = AB.
AB B
BF = AB .
) B C
.
( ).
) AFED E
F
ABC ;
4
() = ababab , a, b
, 3.
() = ababab , a, b
, 5 9.

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69

, 17 2009
B
1
4 x 5 y = 10 ,
= ( 4 x + 5 y ) 36 x + 35 y + ( 8 : 4 2 ) .
2
2
= 3x 2, = x + 12 = 2 x + 8 , x 2 .
x . x
;
5
3
= = , -
. 20% 30%,
.
5
4

( > )

. -
.
() , , , , ,
,
.
() .
5

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70

, 23 2010
B
1
()
= 2010 2009 2008 + 2010 2008 .
2
()
3 1 2 2 1 1 1 20
= 22 : = 2 + .
8 2 3 3 2 11 3 9
3
2
x = = 100 + 10 + , 0, 10.
, -
x 297. x ;
5
3
= x = y ,
. 25%,
, .
5
4

.
, .
.
5

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71

, 15 2011
B
1
()
2
1 1 3 1 1 1 10 2 3
= 2 23 + 1 + : = : 3 7 .
8 4 2 6 3 27 3 9 2
3
2 4 1
() : + + = ,
6 6
:
8 12 2 2 3
= + + .
4 3 12
2
2
20 -
60 .
10000 , 12000 .
30% 60% -
.
,
5% , -
10% .
5
3
= = 360 . -
.
. , ,
.
5
4
= = 100 + 10 + ,
:
(i) = 27 , = = 100 + 10 + .
(ii) ,
: 3 x + 12 < 5 x 1 .
(iii) 3.
5

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72 -

, 21 2012
B
1
()
23 3 3 1 1 1 8 2 3
= 23 + 20 + : = : 4 2 + 4 .
31 8 2 4 4 12 3 9 2
2
() :
6 ( + + ) = 11 0 ,
:
8 12 16
= + + .
2 3 4
3
2

,
24 500 . -
10% .
.
5
3
,
( = ) ,
.
, ,

, .
5
4
1
2012. 5
, ,
8. .
5

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73

, 12 2013
B
1

22 2 1 2 40 80 79 67
= 33 + 10000 + : = 1 : 4 2 + .
31 9 3 3 41 3 9 41
5
2
720 .
12 , 5%
. 24 -
14% .
.
5
3
= .
.
.
.
()
= .
() ,
5
4
60% , 45% ,
15% . 24
, ,
.
: 3

. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025 Tel. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025

74

, 18 2014
B
1

2
2 4 1 1 77 16 60 19 7
: 32 20000 : 4 4 : 3 2 .
3 9 3 3 3 81 3 3 9
2
90 , 800 , ,
800 . :
2810 800 2 .
796 .
x , x 10.
.
( 1 1000 )
3
30 . -
90 .
,
. . :

() .
() , .
4
55% .
.
7
, .
11
60. .
5
: 3
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

75

17 2015

1.
2 2
7 49 3 4 3 6 11
: = + + :2 .
3 9 7 3 2 5 10
1
2. 11 %
9
2
14 % .
7
3150 . 390
. .
1 2
: 11 14 .
9 7
3.
, ,
9690 .
.
,
3 ,
4
2
3
.
4
=
.

. :
= 4 c m , = 3 c m .
1. .
2. : = = .
3. .
. .
.
5 : 3
.
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

76

16 2016
1.
= 0, 2 = 0, 3. .
() .
()
A = ( 3 5 ) + (18 2 + 2 )
2015 2016
2.

2016 , .
3
,
( = ) = 30 0 .

= .
, :
()
.
() B
.
() .
4
,
1
500 .
4
, 100 ,
. 100 ,
.
, .
( , ,
)
5
: 3 .
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

77

28 2017
1.
() , ,

+ = 4.
()
:
6 2 9
= 2 + 3 .
7 27
2.
12,
9 4.
.
3
.
=
= , ( ).
()

.
() .
: .
4
.
4

. 6
.
.
5
: 3 !
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66

, 21 2006
1. x + 2x + 3x + + 100x = 2253101.
2.
= 33333333331
33333333334

= 22222222223
22222222221
3. , = , = , = +
.
.
4. , , ,
1, 2, 3, 4 5,
( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )=( +)( + )( +)( +)( + );

106 79 GR. 106 79 - Athens HELLAS
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025
Web site: www.hms.gr Web site: www.hms.gr

67
" "
, 20 2007
= 2 5 3 7 .
92 90 4 2
1.
.
2. x, y , z :
x y 6
= = .
3 4 z
3. =6.
, 11 , -

11 .
4. 15 115 . -
,
.
: 3
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68

, 19 2008

1
12b + 26a = 1 ,
5
( 24b + 52a ) ( 72b + 156a ) .
2 1
=
12
2

3000 .
.
12 ,
1
10
2
2 .
;
3
BC C
AB = 2 7 AC = 6 .
) .
)
ABC BC .
O
) E Ex

ABC , A
Ex 2
> . B
E 3
4
= abc , a, b, c a > 0.
,
396. , 41
50 .
.

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69

, 17 2009

1
1
a + 2b = ,
2
3
2 4 4
= (16a + 32b ) ( 32a + 64b )
2 3
+ : 3 .
3
5
2
x, y
20
x2 + 4 y 2 = xy ,
3

x + 2y
= .
x 2y
5
3
n = ab = 10a + b, a , b
a 0 , :
-
, .
5
4

. ,
> . , .
.
5

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70

, 23 2010

1

= ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) , .
2 3 4

24, .
5
2
N = ab = 10a + b, a , b a 0 , -
;
5
3

S = 12 22 32 + 42 + 52 62 7 2 + 82 + + 997 2 9982 9992 + 10002 .
5
4
=
, = 90D , , = =
= 300 .
(i) . 1
(ii) . 4

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71

, 15 2011

1
() :
2 x + 18 7 3x
= 1. 2
4 8
() :
3
1 1 1
= 2 + 9 20 ,
2
9 3
1
= .
3
3
2
, 0
10, 12 ( 12 ) ( 40 2 ) 0.
= 3 2 .
5
3
-
. C , -
4 cm.
(i) . 1
(ii) . 2
(iii)
C . 2
4
= = 100 + 10 + ,
:
(i) = 198 , = = 100 + 10 + .
x + 2 2
(ii) = 1 4.
2 x
(iii) 9.
5

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72

, 21 2012

1
() :
3
9 20 2
= 2 + 237 2 + ,
4 2
= = 23 . 2
x
() x, y = > 0 ,
y
2 xy
= 2 x, y 1 .
x + y2
. 3
2
, (
R ), ,
. ( )
. ,
, , , . R ,
.
5
3
101
2012. 3
, , -
8. .
5
4

P ( x ) = ( x 1)( x + 1)( x 2 )( x + 2 ) Q ( x ) = ( x 2 + x )( x 2 + ) + 4 ,
, , , \ . + + + = 3 ,
, , , \ P ( x ) Q ( x ) .
5

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73

, 12 2013
1
() :
3
x 3 1 x 81x 2 + 27 y
= 2 + + , x = 32 , y = 33 .
y 3 y y
2
() = 16 5 , -
23 89
.
3
2
65% , 45% ,
20% . 12
, 24 .
, -
.
5
3
.
A = . , -
. .
(i) : = .
(ii) .
(iii) .
5
4

P ( x ) = ( ax 2 + bx + c ) ( ax + b ) Q ( x ) = a 2 x 3 + 4 x 2 + dx + e ,
a, b, c, d , e . P (1) = 21 ,
a, b, c, d , e P ( x ) Q ( x ) .
5
: 3

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74

, 18 2014

1
:
3
x3 1 x 243 x 2 81 y 2
3 : , x 1 y 1 , x 33 , y 34 .
y 3 y y
2
P x 16 x 6 16 x 4 x 2 1 Q x 4 x 4 5 x 2 1 .
() P x Q x
.
P x 5 2
() x 1 .
Q x 2
3
x, y x y , 2014.
97. x, y
.
4
30 . -
90 .
,
. , :
() .
() .
5
: 3
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

75

17 2015

1
( x ) = x3 + ax 2 + bx + c , a, b, c .
() : Q ( x ) = ( 2 x ) 19 ( x ) .
() ( x ) , : Q ( x ) = 3x ( 3x + 2 ) .
2
2
a , b ab ( a + b )( a b ) 0
b ( a b ) b ( a + b ) 3ab b2
+ = .
a ( a + b ) a ( a b ) a 2 b2
() : a2 = b ( a + 2b )
a
() .
b
3
xyz = 100 x + 10 y + z
43 9. zyx = 100 z + 10 y + x
30 6.
xyz .
4
= 90o , = 60o = .
( )
. .
1. N : .
2. ,
, . E ,
. E
= .
: E .
5 : 3

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76

16 2016
( x ) = 4 ( x + 4) 28 ( x + 4 ) + 48
2
1. : P

A = 6 P ( 5) 4 P ( 4 ) .
2
() : x ( 2x 1)( 2x +1) + x = 4x , x .
3
() = 4031 4033 32256 + 32256

.
3
= = 4 . ,
,
,
.

() .
()
, , , .
4
, .
3
, ,
4
( ) .
1
, .
12

,
.
5
: 3
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

77

28 2017
1.

4
3 + 3 + 3
3
2 3 27
= , =
, =
, =
.
3 2 16
2
.
=
= .
, :
() .
()

() .
: .
3
() 9 1 105 .
() 6 9 1
105 .
4
%
, . ,
.
6 , 15
, ;
5
: 3 !
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66

, 21 2006
1. + 2 > 3.
+ 4 .
2. + = .
4
3
1
+
+ 1
+
< 3
2
.
3. .
, , ,
;
4.
{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
.

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Web site: www.hms.gr

67
" "
, 20 2007
1. , , , , < < < <

+ + +
= .
+ + +
(i) : < < .
(ii)
x = ( + )( + ) , y = ( + )( + ) , z = ( + )( + ) ,
x, y , z .
n =
2. n
, , =
n =
n . .
3. x, y > 0 x 3 + y 2 64 , :
x 4 + y 3 < 512 .
4. 1, 10 100 . 1000 -
50000 ;
: 3
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68

, 19 2008

1
()
K = ( x + y ) ( x y ) 6 x2 y y3
3 3
()
= 2000043 1999963 24 2000002 64
.
2
a, b
a 2 + b 2 2a = 2b + ab 4 ,

(2x a) ( x b)
3 3
x3 = 0 .
.
3
= 2 = .
:
+
.
4
x, y, z x > 0, y + 1 > 0, z + 2 > 0 x + y + z = 3 ,

x ( y + 1) ( y + 1)( z + 2 ) x ( z + 2 )
+ + 3.
x + y +1 y+ z+3 x+ z+2
x, y, z ;

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69

, 17 2009

1

m nm
2 1 1 m+n
x y2 y + x y
=
n mn ,
2 1 1 m+n
y 2 x x
x y
m, n x, y xy 0, xy 1 xy 1.
5
2
, , :
= + + + 2 = 37 .
3 2 2 3 2 2
3
3 .
= = .
. , :
() : . 3
() . 2
4
abc = 100a + 10b + c , a, b, c
a 0 , :
abc = ( a + b 2 + c 3 ) .
2

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70

, 23 2010

1
(i) , = 3 .
2
( )
2
(ii) = 1 + 3 .
3
2

x +1 2 x = x ,
, \ , .
;
5
3
ABC C (O, R) A1 , B1 , C1
A, B, C . BC , AC , AB
A2 , B2 , C2 , , (1 ) A1 , A2 , ( 2 )
B1 , B2 ( 3 ) C1 , C2 .
(1 ) A (1 ) , ( 2 )
B ( 2 ) (3 )
C ( 3 ) . (1 ) , ( 2 ) ( 3 )
(, ), , , (1 ) , ( 2 )
(3 ) .
5
4
x, y z :
x3 y 3 = 26 z 3
x 2 y xy 2 = 6 z 3 .
() x, y z . 3
() x + 2 y + 3z = 8 , x, y z .
2

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71

, 15 2011

1
(i) , + 10
.
3
2
(ii) x = 5 + .
2
2
2

( x 2)
2
= x 2 + 4 ,
.
5
3
( ) -
. ( ) -
.
M .
: = = = .
5
4
, ,
+ + = 2010 + + = 22 3 52 67 2 .
5

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72

, 21 2012
1
:
x + 1 x ( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
2
x2 x 1 x + x
2
+ + > .
4 3 4 2 4 4
5
2

x + x 2 (1 + ax ) ( a + x )
2 2

ab
= ,
1 x 1 a ( a b)
2 2 2
a, b ab ( a b ) (1 a 2 ) 0 .
5
3
< 45D .
= 90D
, ,
. -
, :
=
() .
.
()
5
4
x, y, a
yx 2 + ( y 2 a 2 ) x + y ( y a ) = 0 ,
2
xy .
5

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73

, 12 2013

1
:
( x 1)
2
x + x x + 3 + x2
+ , x ( x 2 + 4 )( x 2 5 x + 4 ) = 0 .
4 2 4
5
2

( x 2 + y 2 )( x3 y 3 )( x3 + y 3 ) 4 x 2 + 16 y 2 + 16 xy 25
( x, y ) = ( x , y ) = ,
( x 2 y 2 )( x4 + y 4 + x 2 y 2 ) 2x + 4 y + 5
y x 2 x + 4 y + 5 0 ,
( x, y ) = ( x, y ) .
5
3
AB , E A, -
, A = . c1 (B, BE) c2 (, ) -
1 , 2 1 , 2 , . 1
2 .
:
() E, 2 , 1 , , c3 .
() E, 1 , 2 , , c4 .
() A c3 c4 , .
5
4

( )
a 2 x 2 + 2a 2 1 x + x 2 + 3 2 2 = 0,
x \ a \ .
a .
5
: 3

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74

, 18 2014
1
2
x y 4 2 .
1 3 1 3 1 3
4 8
x 1 y .
2
x -
:
x 1
1
3
0 x 2 x 5 0 .
3
AB . c1 (, ) (
) A . c2 ( , ) (
) A c1 (, ) .
c3 .
() , , .
() .
4
a, b
a 2 4b 2 2a 12b 5 .
a b a, b
.
5
: 3
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75

17 2015

1
2 1 n2 + n n3 n 4
: = n ,
n2 + n n 1 1 2
1 n , n > 1. :
() = n 2 + n + 1
() .
.
2
. . .. 0
100.
40.
46.
28, ,

32. ,
.
3
= = .
, .
.
.
.
4
xyzw = 1000 x + 100 y + 10 z + w
327 14.
wzyx = 1000 w + 100 z + 10 y + x
227 16. xyzw .
5
: 3
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76

16 2016

1
.
25 3
x +2 3 x 4 + 8 3 x 21 3 x 2
= + , x > 0 x 27 .
x +8 x 2 3 x + 4 9 3 x 2
3 2
3+ 3 x
2
, 64 x 2 + 1610 x 2016 2016 = 0 .
3
= A = 40o .
. ,
.
, .
4
, , .
, ,
3
( )
4
. ,
1

4
.
1

6
.

o ,
.
5
: 3
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77

28 2017
1
:
x2 + 4x 9 =4 x.
2
abc = 100a + 10b + c
:
abc = ( a + b + c ) + a + b + c
2
3
+ = 240 = = .

, .
4
.
.
9
.
20
.
, .
5
: 3 !
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66

, 21 2006

1. :
) 3 , 4 5
;
) 3 , 4 , 5
6 ;
2. x, y, z, w
x y + y z + z w + x + w = x + 2.
3. , , , ,
0
, , 45 .

2 + 2 = 2 + 2.
4. f R x R
f(x + 1)f(x) + f(x + 1) + 1 = f(x).
x R :
1) f(x) 1 , 2) f(x) 0 , 3) f(x + 4) = f(x) .

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67
" "
, 20 2007
1. ( x ) = x3 + x + , \
x1 , x2 , x3 . -

= (1 x12 )(1 x22 )(1 x32 )
, .
2.
p = 90D

=. p

. : = 2.
3. , , :
+
4 + 4
3
.
+
4. .
, . = x,
= y ,
S = x2 + y 2
.
: 3
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68

, 19 2008

1
:
x 2 + 2 = 3 3x 2 .
2
n
. 3 , 2
1 .
364 , n .
3
x, y, z
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 x + 4 y + 6 z + 13 = 0 ,
m :
x+ y + z +m 0.
4.
= = 90D , = = = 2 .

(i) : + < + .
(ii) +
.
(iii) , .

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69

, 17 2009
1
a \
x 2 + 4 y 2 = 4a 2
ax y = 2a,
.
a , .
5
2
S1 = x + y + z S 2 = xy + yz + zx , x, y , z \ -

x2 ( y + z ) + y 2 ( z + x ) + z 2 ( x + y ) = 6 .
() : 3xyz = S1S 2 6 . 4
() x, y , z , S1 = 3 S 2 = 2 . 1
3
= 90D .
1 , 2 , 3 , , , -
, : 3 = 1 2 .
5
4.
k , 1 < k < 30 -
P ( x ) , :
( x k ) P ( 3x ) = k ( x 1) P ( x ) ,
x \ .
5

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70

, 23 2010

1
( x, y, z ) -
:
x3 + y 3 = 65 z 3
x 2 y + xy 2 = 20 z 3
x y + 2 z = 10.
5
2
ABC , K
AH1 , BH 2 , CH 3 . AH 2 H 3
AK K1 , BH1 H 3
BK K 2 CH1 H 2
CK K 3 . K1 , K 2 , K 3 , H K , -
, H ABC .
5
3

x 2 + x + 1 2 x = x, \,
, \ , \ .
;
5
4

2 x 2 + 3x + 2 2 x 2 + x + 1 = x + 1 .
5

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70

, 15 2011

1

( x 1)
2
= 2x + ,
.
5
2
:
x +y +z = 8
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 26
xy + xz = ( yz + 1) .
2
5
3
1 1 1 1
, , + + = , -

:
1
( 3
+ 3 )
+
( 3
+ 3 )
+
( 3
+ 3 )
< 2.
2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2
;
5
3
( < A ) (c)
O R .
(c1 ) , O r = OM ( M B ). -
(c1 ) T ,
(c) N1 ( BN < BM ). (c1 )
, K (c ) K1 (
K < M ). BN1 , 1 AM (-
).
5

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72

, 21 2012

1
a 0
1 1 2a + 6
= 3 ,
2a + ax 2 x x 2
x 4x
4.
5
2
y x \ , ( x, y )

1 + y x 2 3 x + 1 > 0
. ( )
y 2 + x 2 < 0
Oxy , ( x, y ) ,
( x, y ) ().
5
3
< , c(O, R) .
c(O, R) . c1 ( , )
. = .
4
x x 2 + ax + b ,
a, b a 2 < 4b .
5

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73

, 12 2013

1
x, y \ :
x + y 1 + x + 2 + y + 2 5 .
( x, y ) , x < 0 , :
x + y 1 + x + 2 + y + 2 = 5 .
5
2
x, y
x 2 ( y 2 3 y + 2 ) 4 y ( y 1) ( xy 2 x + 2 y y 2 ) ,
: 2 y 3 1 .
5
3
AB AB < A < B . -
=
AB ( AB = A ) A ( A = A ) = < 90D .
K . A
=
ABE . .
5
4
x \
13 2 x + 13 + 2 x
.
5
: 3

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74

, 18 2014

1
, , , -

, , , .

2 ,

.
2
a
x3 2 x 2 4ax 2 11ax 6a
.
3
x, y, z

x 2 y 2 z 2 6a 2 ,
x y 3a,
y z 3a,
a .
4
ABC O, R I
. N C M
C . MI O, R D
N, NI E. : EB
D IBC
.
5
: 3
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75

17 2015
1

1 2 3
+ + = 3.
x 3 x 2 x 1
2
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7
.
5 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , .
4 .
3
ABCD AB = BD = CD
A = 75o . DE , E AB . Z
A E . K
C Z L
.
B A . KDL
4
f ( x) = 4 x 2 + kx + m
( 0,1) .
k , m .
5
: 3 !
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76

16 2016
1
1 = ( 2 x ) , 2 = 22 + x 2 ,... , x .
2
:
() n .
() n, ( n > 1), n
x, x .
2

10 x 3 6 x 2 12 x 8 = 0 .
3
( < < ) , AB
A , . ( c1 ) A A,
, . (c2 )
. (c1 ) .
.
4
(a, b)
a 17b
+ .
b 36a
5
: 3 !
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77

28 2017
1
a, b , ab 0 ,

x 2 + ax + b =ax
.
;
2
:
x1 + x2 + ... + x2017 + 2017 = 0
4 3.
x1 + x2 + ... + x2017 = ( x1 ) + ( x2 ) + ... + ( x2017 )
4 4 3 3
3
c(O,R) ( < < )
. ,
. ,
, , , .
4
ab + 1
(a, b)
a
ab + 1
.
b
5
: 3 !
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66

, 21 2006

1. f : R R
f(f(x)) = x3 2x2 + 3x 1 ,
x R .
) f(1) .
)
g(x) = x3 + x2f(x) 2xf 2 (x) + 3

1-1.
2. ,

< 5.

5

> 1
4
.
3. = ,
.

.
4. 2 > 1, 2, ,
.
i, j {1, 2, , }

| i + j .

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67
" "
, 20 2007
1. log150 2 = x, log150 3 = y
1 x y
2(1 y )
A = 50
2. ( x ) = x3 + x + , \ -
x1 , x2 , x3 .

= (1 + x12 )(1 + x22 )(1 + x32 )
, .
3. \ :
3x 1 2 x3 + 1
3 = .
2 3
4. =2
n = 60D , -

:
+ + 2 3 .
: 3
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68

, 19 2008

1
z Re( z ) 0 , Im( z ) 0
6 z 4 + 5z 2 + 6
\ ,
3z 4 + z 2 + 3
: | z |= 1 .
2

x 3 + 3 xy + y 3 = 1
3 2 ()
x x 2
= y 3
y
3
` , :
` .

+1 - = 2 + 1 ,

.
4
. . ,
, , ,
, .
x = () , y = () z = () , :
4
x + y + z 2x y + 2x z + 2 y z
4 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
.

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69

, 17 2009

1
m
f ( x ) = 3x + 6 , g ( x ) = mx, m \ ,
x 3. 5
2
H O AB.
, , , .
1 , 1 1 :
JJJJG JJJG JJJJG JJJG JJJJG JJJG
1 = , 1 = 1 = , > 1 .
C 1 H
1 2 . , C ( 1 , 1 ) C ( 1 , 1 ) B1 , B2
1 , 2 , .
1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1 2 .
5
3
k P ( x )
, n , :
( x k ) P ( 3x ) = k ( x 1) P ( x ) ,
x \ . 5
4
f : \ \ , -
( f (\) = \ ) . x, y
:
f ( f ( f ( x) ) f ( y ) ) = f ( x) f ( f ( y ) ) ,
f .
5

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70

, 23 2010

1
an , n ` ,
*
an +1 = an + kn, n `* ,
k a1 = 1 . k 2011
an , n ` .
*
. 5
2
ABC M 1 , M 2 , M 3 -
BC , AC , AB . AH1 , BH 2 , CH 3 .
AH 2 H 3 , BM 1 H 3 , CM 1 H 2
( K1 ), BH1 H 3 , AM 2 H 3 , CM 2 H1
( K 2 )
CH1 H 2 , AM 3 H 2 , BM 3 H1 ( K 3 ). ,
AK1 , BK 2 , CK 3 ( , ), ,
, AM 1 , BM 2 , CM 3 .
5
3
a, b, x, y \ ( a, b ) ( 0, 0 ) ( x, y ) ( 0, 0 )
a ( x 2 y 2 ) 2bxy = x ( a 2 b 2 ) 2aby
b ( x 2 y 2 ) + 2axy = y ( a 2 b 2 ) + 2abx,
x = a y = b .
5
4
C ( O, r ) , r = 15cm , 9cm
. C ( O, r )
.
5

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71

, 15 2011

1
, , 12, :
( 2
+ 42 )
+
( 2
+ 4 2 )
+
( 2
+ 4 2 )
> 12
4 4 4
5
2
:
x 2 + 2 xy = 5
y 2 3 xy = 2.
5
3
(c) O R . -
OB ( (c1 ) ), A K
. (c2 ) (c3 ) -
O . (c1 ) , (c2 ) (c3 )
.
5
4
an , n `* ,
k
an +1 = an n , n `* , a1 = 1 ,
2
k .
(i) an n k .
2
1
(ii) k , n : an = 1000 .
2
3

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72

, 21 2012

1
, = 1, 2,3,... 1 = 0 ,
0 1 + +
+1 + + 3 2 , -
.
5
2
:
8z 4 8x4 8 y4
x2 = , y 2
= , z 2
= .
16 + z 4 16 + x 4 16 + y 4
5
3
c(O, R) . , ,
1 , 1 , 1 . 2 , 2 , 2
, E, Z , 1 2 , 12 , 1 2
.
5
4
x 4 x 2 ax + b ,
a, b a 2 < 16b .
5

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73

, 12 2013

1
, :
xy = z 2 + 2, y 3 = x3 + 2 x 2 + 1 .
5
2
f : \ \ , :
f ( x 2 ) y 2 = f ( x + y ) f ( x y ) , x, y \ .
5
3
x
ax + a+x ,
a > 1 , .
a
a x + a + x K , K
.
5
4
ABC ( AB < AC < BC )
c(O, R) . AD c(O, R)
E . c1 ( D, DA) AC T , AB
S , c(O, R) H OA Z .
:
() SBTC , c2 .
() O, D, E , Z , H c2 , .
: 3

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74

, 18 2014

1
a
x3 4 x 2 5ax 2 26ax 24a
.
2
Oxy
D x, y : x 1 2 2

y 2 8 2 .
() x y, x, y D ,
x, y .
() k , x y k -
C : x 1 y 2 8 , -
2 2
3
f : * * , * 0, -
1-1 k .
3 f 1 1 f 2 1 ... f k 1 1
2 2 2

, a 1, 2,..., k 1 ,
f a k 2 .
4
c(O, R) , ( ) -
, , , .
c1 c(O, R) , ( -
). , , .
:
(i) , , .
(ii) c(O, R) .
5
: 3
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75

17 2015
1
. . .. 0
100.
50.
56.
40, ,

45. ,
.
2
a , b :
a b 3
+3 = ,
b+a a 2
: a = b .
3
k : 2018
k .
4
ABC AB < C < BC . AB (
B ) , K c ( K , KA) (
K KA ). (c) AB D
AC E . M AB
AB , AC N .
KME ( (c1 ) ) (c) Z ,
MN , DE , AZ ().
5
: 3 !
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76

16 2016

1
b1 = ( x 4 ) , b2 = x 2 + 16,... , x .
2
:
() n .
() n, ( n > 1), n
x, x .
2
:
10x4 8x3 24x2 32x 16 = 0 .
3
f , g : R , = (,0) (0, +) f ( x) g ( x) 0
x . x, y :
g ( x) f ( g ( x) ) f ( x) g ( f ( x) )
f = (1) , g = , (2)
g ( y) y f ( y) y
:
() f , g 1-1 ( ).
1 1
() f ( x) f = g ( x) g = 1 x .
x x
4
ABC ( AB < AC < BC ) c(,R) .
c1( C , AB ) ( C AB ) ( c )
D E ( E A ).
c2( B,BD) ( B BD ) ( c1 )
F . AF BC .
5
: 3 !
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77

28 2017

1
:
4 x+2
x 4 32 x 2 + 257 2 =
0.
x + 4x + 8
2
n
=
n ( n + 182 ) .
3
c(O,R) ( < < )
. ,
, c(O,R) (
) . c1
. c2
. , , ,
, .
4
f :
f ( 2 xf ( y ) + y ) + f ( 2 x ( y + 1)=
) f ( 2 x + y ) + 4 xy , (1)
x, y .
(i) a f ( a ) = 1 .
(ii) f .
5
: 3 !
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67

, 9 2006

1.
= (111 144 :12) :11 + 1 = (111 12) :11 + 1 = 99 :11 + 1 = 9 + 1 = 10
2. 100 0 10
0,
2 0.
2 5 10 15.
5 15. 10 .

10 2 + 8 10 = 100.
3. :
6 4 2
= = .
100 100 3
2
9 3
6 3 3
= 3 = = =1
2
6 4 3
3

4. x
= . x//B =
2 -
= = . = = = ,
+ + = 180 , = = = 60
0 0
=
= = 60 0 .

1.
=
= 1800 3 x 4 x = 1800 7 x
=
= 1800 2 x 6 x = 1800 8 x
, , :
+
+ = 1800
1800 7 x + 1800 8 x + 5 x = 1800 10 x = 1800 x = 180.
2
2. = (2 ) ( ) = 4 = 2 2 2 =
2 2 2 2 2
2 4
= ( ) 2 = 102 = 100.
3. =27p+1 . p=2 =27 2+1=55=5 11 ,

p2 o 27p .
3
4.
2
3 1 10 1
a + a = 9 ,
2 3
9 2 2 100 2 2
a + a + 10 = 9
4 9
9 2 2 100 2 2
a + a = 9 10 = 1, .
4 9
1. ,,,,
. :
10( + + + + ) = 1090
+ + + + = 109 (1)

:
< < < < . 20 ,,,,
:
> 20 > 20 21
> 21 > 21 22
> 22 > 22 23
> 23 > 23 24
4 -
+ + + + 110 , (1).
,
.
2. :
2 x + 3 = 3 + 2 x 2
2 x 2 x = 3 3 2
x ( 2 2 ) = 3 3 2
2 2 = 0 ( 2 ) = 0 = 0 = 2
1. =0
2. =2
3. 0 2
3 3 2
x=
2 2
( 2 )( + 1) ( + 1)
2 2
x= x=
( 2)
3. :
2 2 2

+
+ + 2 + 2 + 2 3 + 3 + 3 ,

2 2 2

+ + 0 ,

5
1
2 2 2
+ + 0,
2
.
4.
= =-= .

= =, = 1 = 2

= 1 , =.

= =, = =1 = 2 ,
=.

.
, =. =
=||=| ()|=||=, >.
6 -
1. x1 , x2 ,
x1 + x2 = 2006 + 1 (1) x1 x2 = 2007 (2) .
(2) x1 , x2 .
x1 + x2 ,
(1).
2.
( )
2
3 + 12 = 4 = 22
.

= = 300 ,
2

= 60 = 300.
0
7
1 1 3
, = = 2 = .
2 2 2

1 3
= 4 = 3. .
2 2

MB2 = B 3
3 = 2 =
2
3.
= (2 + 22 + 23 + 24 ) + 24 (2 + 22 + 23 + 24 ) +... + 22004 (2+ 22 + 23 + 24 ) =
= 30(1+ 24 + 28 +... + 22004 ) = .30
+
4. ) : > ,
2
, :
3
2+33
> 3
23 3 = 6 6
2

3
2 + 3 3 > 26 6 .

2 6 6 3 19, 26 6 192 , 384 361
.
8 -
3
38
)
= 3
2 + 3 3
3
19
= 3 3
2 < 3
2 < 2 2
< 2.
2+ 33
x 0
x 2 2 x + 2 = 0 = 4( 2) < 0 .
2

x 2 2 x + 2 = x 2 2 x + 2 2 + 2 =
= ( x ) 2 + (2 2 ) 2 2 > 0

1. x = 0 f ( f ( y )) = f ( y ) y \ .
y = 0 f ( f ( x )) = x f (0) x \ .
f ( f ( x)) = f ( x) f ( f ( x)) = x f (0), x \
f ( x ) = x f (0)
f ( x ) = f (0) x (1) f ( x ) = f (0) + x (2), x \
(1) (2) :
f ( x ) + f ( x ) = 2 f (0), x \ .
h .
2. .
9
3 +1 3 4 1 = 0 3 (3 ) = 4 + 1
4 + 1 4 + 1
3 = ( 3) >0
3 3
1
(4 + 1)( 3) < 0 < < 3 {0,1, 2}.
4
, =0 =1
. =2
. =2.
3.
2 2
( )
z1 + z2 + 2 Re z1 z2 = z1 z1 + z2 z 2 + z1 z2 + z 2 z1 = z1 + z2
2
2 2
z1 z2
: + z1 + z2 .
2
2 2
z1
2
z2
2
z 2 z 2
+ 2 = ( + ) 1 + 2 ( z1 + z2 )
2 2
2 2
z1 + z2

2

4. = =
, , .
=
= = .
= = ,
1 1 1
= =
2 2 2
.
() = ( ) = ( )
, ,
,
2.

68
24 2007

2
1. = ( 200 : 8 + 12 100 ) + 200 : ( 8 + 2 ) + 762 ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1)
13 12 2007

= ( 25 + 1200 ) + ( 200 :10 + 762 ) ( 1) + 1 + ( 1)
2
= 1225 + ( 20 + 762 ) ( 1)
2
= 1225 + 782 1 = 2007.
2. ,
6, 8 10. [ 6,8,10] = 120 ,
{120, 240,360, 480,...} 300 < < 400 ,
= 360.
x, y, z , , ,

x y z
= = = x + y + z = 360 .
5 4 3

x = 5 , y = 4 , z = 3
5 + 4 + 3 = 360 12 = 360 = 30.
: x = 5 30 = 150, y = 4 30 = 120, z = 3 30 = 90.
3. 200 3 = 600 .
10
200 = 20 ,
100
200 20=180 .
20%
20
600 + 600 = 720 .
100
720 :180 = 4 .
4. () x = , y = = , x = 2 y
( x + y ) = = 3 y = 2 y = 2 y = 200cm2 .
( )
2 3

1 1
( ) = y = 200cm 2 = 100cm 2 .
2 2
1
() ( ) = 2 ( ) = 2 2 y = 2 ( y ) = 2 200 = 400cm 2 .
2
2
,
1 1
( ) = = 2 y 2 = 2 ( y ) = 2 200 = 400cm2 .
2 2
3
= ( 2 ) : ( 4 ) + ( 4 ) : ( 2 ) = 28 : 42 + 42 : 24
8 2 2 4
1.

= 28 : ( 22 ) + 42 : 24 = ( 28 : 24 + 42 ) : 24
2

= ( 24 + 42 ) : 24 = 32 :16 = 2.
B = ( x 3) 3 ( y 4 ) x ( y 2 ) y ( x + 3)
= x + 3 3 y + 12 ( xy 2 x yx 3 y )
= x 3 y + 15 xy + 2 x + xy + 3 y = x + 15.
> 2 > x + 15 x > 17 x < 17.
2. () x =
( ).

=
. ,
= .
= 40D

= = 180 = 180 40 = 70D .
D D D
2 2

=
= = 70D ,

= 180D 2 70D = 40D

x = 40D.
() ,
= , .
AKZ =
.
&
=
AZ ,

=
AKZ ,
= A .
3. ()

.
0, 1, 4,
5, 6, 9,
= {0,1, 4,5, 6,9} .
() b {0,1, 4,5, 6,9}
b {1,5,9} .
9 :
3a + 2b = 9 . (1)
4
b = 1 3a + 2 = .9 , .
b = 5 3a + 10 = .9, .
b = 9 3a + 18 = .9,
a {3, 6,9} . = 33399 = 66699 = 99999 .
4. () = 2 = 60D ,
= = 180 30 = 75D .
D D
R = = .
2

= 2 75 = 150 ,
D D
150D 5 2
E . ( ) = 2 = .
360D 12
= = 75D (
()
) = 90D
= 90D = = 75D ,
.
() & ,
.
2
3 2 3
2 = 2 2 2 = 2 2 = = .
2 4 2
3
= + = 1 +
2
1
( ) = +
3
2
(2 + 3) .
=
2 2 4
.
5
1. , x, y
, :
xy = ( x 50 )( y + 40 ) 40 x 50 y = 2000 x = 100
.
xy = ( x + 100 )( y 20 ) 20 x + 100 y = 2000 y = 20
2.
( )( )( ) 0 ,

( )(2 1) ( )( 2 1) ( )( 2 1)
= + + =
( )( )( ) ( )( )( ) ( )( )( )
( ) 2 + ( ) 2 + ( ) 2 + ( + + )
= =
( )( )( )
( ) 2 + ( ) ( 2 2 )
= =
( )( )( )
( )( 2 + ( + )) ( )( )
= = = =1.
( )( )( ) ( )( )
3.

45

= 45D .
() ,
, & ,
= 45D =

.
= , = 2 + 2 = 2
2
= = .
2 2
( ) =
+ 2 2
=
(
2 2+ 2 ).
2 2 4
6
() & , ,
= x , :
x x+
x

= =
2
x 2 = x + x 2 1 = ( )

x=
2 1
= ( )
2 +1 .
4. :
x 6 + 2 x 3 y 2 + y 4 + 3x 3 + 3 y 2 = 40

(x + y 2 ) + 3 ( x 3 + y 2 ) + 2 = 42
3 2
(x 3
+ y 2 + 1) ( x3 + y 2 + 2 ) = 42 .
x3 + y 2 + 1 x3 + y 2 + 2 ,
x3 + y 2 + 1 < x3 + y 2 + 2
42 = 1 41 = 2 21 = 3 14 = 6 7 .
:
x3 + y 2 + 1 = 1 x3 + y 2 + 2 = 42 (1)
x3 + y 2 + 1 = 2 x3 + y 2 + 2 = 21 (2)
x3 + y 2 + 1 = 3 x3 + y 2 + 2 = 14 (3)
x3 + y 2 + 1 = 6 x3 + y 2 + 2 = 7 (4)
(1), (2), (3) (4) ,
:
x3 + y 2 = 5 x = 1 y = 2 .
,
2 + 3 40 = 0, = x3 + y 2 ,
, x, y > 0 x3 + y 2 = 5 ,
x = 1 y = 2 .
7
1. , :
x 6
2 x3 +

1 +
x4 2 x2 y 2 + y 4 + y 4 2 y 2 + 1 = 0

( x3 1) + ( x 2 y 2 ) + ( y 2 1) = 0
2 2 2
( x 3 1 = 0 x 2 y 2 = 0 y 2 1 = 0 ) .
( x = 1 y = 1) ( x = 1 y = 1)
2. ,
.
= 0 2 4 = 0 2 = 4 .
-
: x1 = x2 =
2
4 . ,
2
.
(
) : = 2 = 4 = 6 = 8 .
= 2 : 4 = 4 = 1 ,
= 1 = 1 .
= 4 : 16 = 4 = 4 ,
( = 1 = 4 ) ( = 4 = 1 ) ( = 2 = 2 ).
= 6 : 36 = 4 = 9 ,

( = 1 = 9 ) ( = 9 = 1 ) ( = 3 = 3 ).
= 8 : 64 = 4 = 16 ,

( = 2 = 8 ) ( = 8 = 2 ) ( = 4 = 4 ).
( , , ) :
(1, 2,1) , (1, 4, 4) , (2, 4, 2) , (1, 6,9) , (3, 6,3) , (2,8,8) , (4,8, 4) .
, .
, :
x 2 + 2 x + 1 = 0 x1 = x2 = 1 ,
x 2 + 4 x + 4 = 0 x1 = x2 = 2 ,
x 2 + 6 x + 9 = 0 x1 = x2 = 3 .
3. () , :
= = = (1)
8
.
= ( ).

, = .
2
(1)
= = = . ,
2 2
:
= 30o .
= 1
2
= = 30o = 90o
1 1
:
2 = 60o (2)
( = = 90 )
o
. ,
(1)
= = (3)
(2) (3)
.
() .
.

, =
= 15o , :
2
= 15o
2 (4)
9
= = 30o ,
1

= 15 .
o
1
4. xyz 0
3xy 2 yz 7 yz 4 zx 5 zx 6 xy
+ = 70, + = 256, + = 52 ,
z x x y y z
,
xy yz zx
= u, = v, =w
z x y
3u + 2v = 70 (1)

7 v + 4 w = 256 (2) .
5 w + 6u = 52 (3)

9 ( u + v + w ) = 378 .
u + v + w = 42 . (4)
(4) (2)
7v + 4 ( 42 u v ) = 256
4u + 3v = 88. (5)
(1) (5) u = 2, v = 32 , (4)
w = 8 .
xy yz zx
= 2, = 32, =8 (6)
z x y

xyz = 2 8 32 . (7)
(6) (7)
32 x 2 = 2 8 32 x 2 = 16 x = 4
2 2
8 y = 2 8 32 y = 64 y = 8 ,
2 2 z = 16
2 z = 2 8 32 z = 256
8 :
( x, y, z ) = ( 4,8,16 ) ( 4, 8, 16 ) ( 4,8, 16 ) ( 4, 8,16 )
( 4, 8, 16 ) ( 4,8,16 ) ( 4, 8,16 ) ( 4,8, 16 ) .
10
1.

() ( = ,
) = ,
. .
() = 2 = 60D ,
R = = .
. =
= . &
.
3
= 1 +
2
2
3 2
= +
2
+ = 2 + 3
2 4
),
( =
2
=

=

= 2 + 3 . ( )

( ) =
(
+ 2 + 3 2 + 3 ) ( ) = (9 + 5 3 )
2
2 2 4
2. () 2 :
8 2 ( + 4 ) 2 = 0 = 2
.
4 4 2 2 = 0 = 3
() =2 =3 :
2 x 3 7 x 2 17
= .
3x 2 4 x 4 8

11
2 x3 7 x 2 = ( x 2 ) ( 2 x 2 + 4 x + 1)
3 x 2 4 x 4 = ( x 2 )( 3 x + 2 ) .

2 x 2 + 4 x + 1 17 2
= , x \ 2, .
3x + 2 8 3
2
16 x 2 19 x 26 = 0, x \ 2,
3
13 2
x = 2 x = , x \ 2,
16 3
13
x= .
16
3. x = y = 0 (1) :
f ( f (0) f (0) ) = f ( f (0) ) 0
f (0) = f ( f (0) ) (2)
(1) y f ( x)
:
f ( f ( x) f ( f ( x) ) ) = f ( f ( x) ) f ( x) (3)
(3) x = 0 :
f ( f (0) f ( f (0) ) ) = f ( f (0) ) f (0)
(2) f ( f (0) ) = f (0) = 0 .
(1) x = 0 , :
f ( f (0) f ( y ) ) = f ( f (0) ) y f ( f (0) ) = f (0) = 0 ,

f ( f ( y) ) = y . (4)
(1) y x :
f ( f ( x) f ( x) ) = f ( f ( x) ) x f (0) = f ( f ( x) ) x
f ( f ( x) ) = x (5)
(4) y f ( x) , :
f ( f ( f ( x) ) ) = f ( x)
(5) ,
f ( x) = f ( x) , x \ ,
f .
a+b
4. x = ,
a b
a x +1
= (1)
b x 1
12
b+c c+a
( x 1 , b 0 ). , y = , z= ,
bc ca
b y +1
= (2)
c y 1
c z +1
= . (3)
a z 1
(1), (2) (3)
( x + 1)( y + 1)( z + 1) = abc = 1 xy + yz + zx = 1.
( x 1)( y 1)( z 1) bca

0 ( x + y + z ) = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 + 2 ( xy + yz + zx ) = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2
2
x2 + y 2 + z 2 2 0
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 2.

69

, 1 2008
B
1. :
= 42 252 + 2008 : 4 + (33 52 ) 249 104

= 42 252 + 2008 : 4 + (33 52 ) 249 104 = ( 4 25 ) + 502 + ( 27 25 ) 249 104
2
= 1002 + 502 + 2 249 10000 = 10000 + 502 + 498 10000 = 1000
2. Ay
Ax .

A=62 D
= .
() -
.
() -
.

1

() y A x
= x .
+
x = 1800
= 1800 620 = 1180 ,
x
59D .
y &
x = 590 =
= = 590 .
() = .
=
. (1)
y
=
( ) (2)
(1) (2) :
=
,
.
2
21 42 21
3. : < < ,
5 4

= + 5(4 + ) + 3( 4) + 1919 .

:
21 42 21 42 42 42
< < < < 8 < < 10 ,
5 4 10 8
= 9 , . :
= 9 + 5(4 + 9) + 3(9 4) + 1919 = 9 + 5 13 + 3 5 + 1919 = 2008 .
4.
60% 80% .
, , , , -
, .
100 200.
80% 60%
,
.

1 , 1
3
1 = .5 + 3 1 3 = .5
,
1 = .7 + 3 1 3 = .7
1 3 5 7.
1 3 (5,7)=35,
35, 70, 105, 140,...,
1
38, 73, 108, 143,....
,
60 60 60
100 < < 200 100 < < 100 60 < 1 < 120 ,
100 100 100
1 73 108. 1
3, 1 = 108 ,
:
100
= 108 = 180.
60

2 108 = 216 , :
100
= 216 = 270 .
80
180+270=450 .
3

1. :
4
3 4 4
2 3 + x 2
(2) 2 + (1) 2
2 x
A= 0
, B= +
1 (1)2005 5 2
A = B , x .

0
1 ( 1) = 1 ( 1) = 2 0 1 ( 1) = 1 , :
2009 2009

4
3 4 4
2 3 + x 34
A=
2
= 4 24 34 + x = x .
2005 0 2
1 (1)

2
(2) 2 + (1) 2 x ( 4 + 1)
2
x x
B= + = + = 5+ .
5 2 5 2 2

x
= x = 5+ 2 x = 10 + x x = 10.
2
2. ( + 2, 4 1) ), , -
Oxy . :
() ,
() ,
() , ,
Ox Oy, .

() :
1
+ 2 > 0 4 1 > 0 < 2 > ,
4
, , = 1 .
() = 1 (1,3) ,
= 12 + 32 = 10 .
()
( ) = 1 3 = 3
3. = , = 2 -
.
.
.

:
4
3
,
2 2
.
-
2
3 9
2
= , 2 2 ,
2 4
2
1 2
2 =
2 2 4
2
1 2
2 = 2 . :
2
9 2 2 4 2 8 2
= 2 2 2 = = ( 2 ) 2 .
4 4 4
2
45 2
4. = 900 , ,
6
= 2003 (1) (1) +1 + 4 (1) + 2 .

45 .22 45 4 45 4

= 900
= 900 30 = 2 3 5
2 2 2
6 6 6 .
30 = ( 2 3 5 ) 30 = 302 30 2 = 1,
2
2 = 0 = 2 , 2 -
30 2 1.
:
= 2003 (1) 2 (1) 2+1 + 4(1)2+ 2 = 2003 1 ( 1) + 4 1 = 2003 + 1 + 4 = 2008. .
5

1 1
1. x -
8 4
1255 x . x .

x x x x 5x 1255 8
+ + 1255 = x x = 1255 = 1255 x = = 2008.
8 4 8 4 8 5
2. x, y z :
0 x y z,
xyz + xy + yz + zx + x + y + z = 44 .

:
xyz + xy + yz + zx + x + y + z = 44
xyz + xy + yz + zx + x + y + z + 1 = 45
xy ( z + 1) + x( z + 1) + y ( z + 1) + ( z + 1) = 45
( xy + x + y + 1) ( z + 1) = 45
( x + 1)( y + 1)( z + 1) = 45. (1)
x, y, z x y z , :
1 x +1 y +1 z +1. (2)
(1) (2) 45 = 1 3 3 5
( x + 1, y + 1, z + 1) = (1,3,15 ) (1,5,9 ) ( 3,3,5 ) (1,1, 45 )
( x, y, z ) = ( 0, 2, 14 ) ( 0, 4, 8 ) ( 2, 2, 4 ) ( 0, 0, 44 ) .
3. :

, .
( )

( = ).
1 .
-
. :
= = (. 3) :
= = = x = = 2x , ( ,
1 2 1
+
+ = 180 :
5 x = 180 o x = 36 o .
= 108o
= = 36o .
6

=

= , .

=
= , = 90D = = 450 ,
. , B = BA
: B
= + =
180
= = 90 , B = = 45 .
3 3
2 .
-

:
= = , (. 4)
:
=
= = x
1 2
= = 2x ,
1
1 ,
=
x + = = 2 x = x.
2 2

+ + = 1800 -
:
5 x = 180o x = 36o . 4
:
= 36o
= = 72o .
= = x = = y ,
y = 2 x 3 x + 2 y = .

3
= , = = .
7 7
5
7
4. x, y z
x2 y = z 2 , y 2 z = x2 , z 2 x = y 2 ,
:
() x3 + y 3 + z 3 = 3 xyz .
() x, y , z 0.

() :
x2 + y 2 + z 2 ( x + y + z ) = x2 + y 2 + z 2
x+ y+ z =0, (1)
(), z = ( x + y )
x3 + y 3 + z 3 = x3 + y 3 + ( x + y )
3
= x3 + y 3 x3 y 3 3xy ( x + y )
= 3 xy ( z ) = 3xyz.
() x + y + z = 0 z = x y , x 2 y = z 2
x 2 y = ( x + y ) y = 2 xy + y 2
2
y ( y + 2 x + 1) = 0 y = 0 y = 2 x 1.
y = 0 x + z = 0 z = x , -
:
x = x2 x = 0 x = 1 ,

( x, y, z ) = ( 0, 0, 0 ) (1, 0, 1) .
y = 2 x 1 (1)
z = x y = x +1,
y , z
x ( x + 1) = 0 x = 0 x = 1 .

( x, y, z ) = ( 0, 1,1) ( 1,1, 0 ) .
-
x, y , z 0.
2 ()
x 2 y = z 2 , y 2 z = x 2 , z 2 x = y 2 y 2 ,
z 2 x 2 , ,
( x 2 z 2 ) y 2 = y 3 , ( y 2 x 2 ) z 2 = z 3 , ( z 2 y 2 ) x 2 = x3 ,
:
x3 + y 3 + z 3 = 0 .
() xyz = 0 , x, y , z
0.
8

1. , 2, -
15.
25.

15 : 100 x + 15 , x -
.
:
S = ( 100 x1 + 15 ) + ( 100 x 2 + 15 ) + " + ( 100 x15 + 15 ) = 100( x1 + x2 + " + x15 ) + 15 15 =
= 25 4( x1 + x2 + " + x15 ) + 25 9 = 25 [ 4( x1 + x2 + " + x15 ) + 9] ,
25.

:
, 100 x + .
:
, 1000 x + .
3. & = = 90D .
.
.

(1 )
= = = 90D , -
,
= . (1)

.

= . (2)
2
9

(1) (2) = ,
2
. = 90D .
2
, -
O .
= = 90o ,
= 90o ( ).
, , , , .
3. ( x, y, z ) x y z -
:
x2 ( y z ) + y 2 ( z x ) + z 2 ( x y ) = 2 ,
x + y + z = 300 .

x2 ( y z ) + y 2 ( z x ) + z 2 ( x y ) = 2 x2 y x2 z + y 2 z y 2 x + z 2 x z 2 y = 2
( x2 y y 2 x ) ( x2 z y 2 z ) + ( z 2 x z 2 y ) = 2
xy ( x y ) z ( x y )( x + y ) + z 2 ( x y ) = 2
( x y ) xy z ( x + y ) + z 2 = 2 ( x y ) ( xy zx zy + z 2 ) = 2
( x y )( y z )( x z ) = 2.
x y , y z , x z
0. , x y z
x y 0 x z y z > 0

( x y) + ( y z) = x z ,
x y , y z , x z :
x y = 1, y z = 1, x z = 2 .
10
-
,
, :
x y = 1, y z = 1 x = y + 1, z = y 1,
y .
( x, y, z ) = ( k + 1, k , k 1) , k .
x + y + z = 300 :
( k + 1) + k + ( k 1) = 300 3k = 300 k = 100,

( x, y, z ) = (101, 100, 99 ) .
4. .

.
= , = ,
,
. -
, .

, , .
, .
. =

, , :
= (1)
= . (2)
=
, , :
= (3)
= . (4)
11
.
, :
+
= . (5)
2
(1) (3) (5)
+ +
= = = . (6)
2 2 2
, , (2) (4)
= ,
= = = . (7)

. ,
.
2

.
z , -
a , a . -
JJJJG
z + a , =
JJJJG JJJG JJJG
( n
)
, = 90D ,
JJJG JJJG JJJG
i ( z + a ) . = + , ,
a + i ( z + a ) .
9
JJJJG JJJG
n
( )
, , = 90D ,
a i ( z a ) .
-
a + i ( z + a ) + a i ( z a )
= ai ,
2
, z , -
.
12

1. 120 , -

= 4 + 5 = 3 + 4 .

, .
, .
, -
(4 + 5 ) = (3 + 4 ) = ,
.
,
. = 4 + 5 = 3 + 4 = + ,
o :
5( ) = 4( ) = ,
.
120 .
2. -
= n 2 n + 1 B = n 2 + n + 1 , n .

= n(n - 1) + 1 = n(n + 1) + 1, ,
n(n - 1) n(n + 1) . ,
= 2n>0, < . + 1, + 3, , + (2 - 1), -
, .
+(2-1) = 1,
- = 2 2n = 2 = n.
n ,
+ 1, + 3, , + (2n - 1),

= nA + [1 + 3 ++ (2n - 1)] = n3 n 2 + n +
(1 + 2n 1) n = n3 + n .
2
3. ( x, y, z ) x y z
:
xy ( x y ) + yz ( y z ) + zx ( z x ) = 6.
;

:
13
xy ( x y ) + yz ( y z ) + zx ( z x ) = x 2 y xy 2 + y 2 z yz 2 + z 2 x zx 2
= xy ( x y ) + ( x y ) z 2 ( x 2 y 2 ) z
= ( x y ) xy + z 2 xz yz
= ( x y ) [ x( y z ) z ( y z ) ]
= ( x y ) ( y z) ( x z ) .
:
( x y )( y z )( x z ) = 6 .
x y , y z , x z
0. x y z x y 0 x z y z > 0 , -
6 1, 2, 3, 6,
x y , y z , x z , :
x y = 1, y z = 2 , x z = 3 (1)
x y = 2, y z = 1, x z = 3 (2)
x y = 1, y z = 1, x z = 6 (3)
-
, (3) . (1) (2) ,
-
, :
(1) :
x y = 1, y z = 2 x = y + 1, z = y 2,
y .
( x, y, z ) = ( k + 1, k , k 2 ) , k .
(2) :
( x, y, z ) = ( k + 2, k , k 1) , k .
( x, y, z ) = ( k + 1, k , k 2 ) , k ] ,

S = ( k + 1) + k 2 + ( k 2 ) = 3k 2 2k + 5 ,
2 2
1
k k = ] .
3
S ( k ) = 3k 2k + 5 -
2
1
S ( 0 ) = 5 S (1) = 6 , S
3
=0 ( x, y, z ) = (1, 0, 2 ) .
( x, y, z ) = ( k + 2, k , k 1) , k ] ,

S = ( k + 2 ) + k 2 + ( k 1) = 3k 2 + 2k + 5 ,
2 2
1
k k = ] .
3
S ( k ) = 3k + 2k + 5 -
2
14
1
S ( 0 ) = 5 S ( 1) = 6 , S
3
=0 ( x, y, z ) = ( 2, 0, 1) .

5
( x, y, z ) = (1, 0, 2 ) ( x, y, z ) = ( 2, 0, 1) .
4. .

.
= 2 , = 2
, -
.
, .

, , .
, .
. , -

, :

= = = 2,

:
= 2 (1)
= 2 . (2)
10
15
, , :
= 2 (3)
= 2 . (4)
.
, :
+
= . (5)
2
(1) (3) (5)
+ 2 + 2 2
= = = = . (6)
2 2 2
, , (2) (4)
= ,
= = = . (7)

. , -
.
-
.
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70

, 21 2009
1
1 3 5
a = 4 2 b = 5 + , :
5 2 2
1
A = a : b 2009 b .
5a
.

1 4 11 20 11 9 3 5 3 5 8
a = 42 = = = b = 5 + = 5 = 5 = 5 4 = 1,
5 1 5 5 5 5 2 2 2 2 2
:
1 9 2009 1 9 1 9 1 76 31
A = a : b 2009 b = :1 1 = :1 1 = 1 = 1 = .
5a 5 9 5 9 5 9 45 45
5
5
2
4.
(i) ;
(ii) ,
39 50, 4
1.

(i) :
= 4, , = 4 + 1 = 4 + 2 = 4 + 3
.
(ii) = 4 + 1, :
39 < 4 + 1 < 50 38 < 4 < 49 9,5 < < 12, 25
, , = 10
= 11 = 12 = 41 = 45 =49.
1
3
AB 1400
1 6, .
) .
)
.
= 1800
) : ( )
+ = 1800 1400 = 400.

: + = 1400 , :
=
1 6

= = = , = 6 + 6 = 1400 = 200.
1 6
: = 200 = 1200 .

) .
,
1800 . :

=
+ (
= 90D +.) (1)
2
= 400 ,
= 1800 1200 = 600 , (1)
= 500 .
4
1 1
, ,
4 5
1
, 80
8
.
, ,
12 , :
) ;
2
) ;
(1 )
1 1 1 23 23
) + + = .
4 5 8 40 40
12 .
40 23 17
80 -12=68 = .
40 40 40
:
17 40
68 : = 68 = 4 40 = 160 .
40 17
1
) 160 12 = 32 12 = 20 .
5

2
) x , ,
, :
x x x
+ + + 80 12 = x ,
4 5 8

10 x + 8 x + 5 x + 3200 480 = 40 x 17 x = 2720 x = 160.
x 160
) 12 = 12 = 20 .
5 5

1
, :
(1) 2 v +1 (1)3v
A = 4 (1)v + 2 7 .
5 5

(1) 2 v +1 (1)3v (1) (1)3
A = 4 (1) + 2
v
7 = 4 (1) + 2
v
7
5 5 5 5
2 7 ( 1) 2 13 ( 1) 2

7
= 4 ( 1) =

= 4 (1)
v
,
5 5 5 5 5
:
13 2 11
, = = .
5 5
, = 3 .
2
O 5 2.
.
3
5 2, = 5 + 2 ,
. , ,
, . ,
= 2 + 1, .
,
= 5 ( 2 + 1) + 2 = 10 + 7 ,
10 7,
, 7.
7 ,
7.
3
1 , 2 . 1
4 , 2
( ) : y = 2 x (0,6).
) .
) ,
xy ,
2 xx .
) 1 y = 4 x , 2 y = 2 x + ,
(). (0,6),
6 = 2 0 + = 6 . 2 y = 2 x + 6.

( 3,12 ) .
) 2 x ( 3, 0 ) ,
3, 12. :
4
1
() = 3 12 = 18 ..
2
4
r1 , r2 , r3 0 < r1 < r2 < r3 . 1
r1 , r2 2
r2 , r3 .
( 1 )
r2 r1 = r3 r2 r3 = 3r1 , , ( 1 )
( 2 )
( 2 ) 1 2 , .
( 1 ) ( r2 r1 ) ( r2 r1 )(r + r ) = r + r ,
2 2
2 1
= = 2 1
(1)
( 2 ) ( r32 r22 ) ( r3 r2 )(r + r ) r + r
3 2 3 2
r1 + r3
r2 r1 = r3 r2 . r2 = , ,
2
r1 + 3r1
r3 = 3r1 r2 = = 2r1 . (1)
2
( 1 ) r2 + r1 3r1 3r 3
= = = 1= .
( 2 ) r3 + r2 3r1 + 2r1 5r1 5
r1 + 3r1
, r2 = = 2r1
2

( r22 r12 ) ( 2r1 ) r12
2
( 1 )
2
= 3r1 = 3 .
= =
( 2 ) ( r32 r22 ) ( 3r1 ) ( 2r1 ) 5r1 5
2 2 2
5

1

75. .
x ,

x 2 10 x = 75 x 2 10 x 75 = 0 x = 15 x = 5 .
,
15.
2

4 2 + 4 + 2 2 + +1 ,
= 2 + 2 34.
(2 )
2 2
+ ( 22 ) 2 2 + 0 ( 2 2 ) + ( 2 + 2 ) 2 2 + 0 ( 2 2 2 + 2 ) 0
+2 2 2 2

2 2 2 + 2 = 0 2 4 = 1 4 = 0.

= 2 + 2 = 2 + 4 + 2 = 2 ( 24 + 1) = 17 2 = 34 2 1 ,
34, .
3
.
() , ,
= = ,
.
()
, , = = ,
.
()
( = , = ) ,
=
. ,
=
,
.
,

= = 90D
6

. ,
= ,
() () ,
= .

, :

= =
,

. ().
, :
7
=
,
,
= , . = .

, , ,
.
4
( ) .
( )
. ( )
( ) .
: ,
.

.
, o (
) ;
;
x , .
(
) :
x x2 x3 12
(1) -- + = 1 5 x = 12 + 6 6 x =
3 4 6 5
x x2 x3 14
(2) -- + = 1 5 x = 12 + 8 6 x =
4 3 6 5
x x2 x3 17
(3) -- + = 1 5 x = 12 + 9 4 x =
3 6 4 5
x x2 x3
(4) -- + = 1 5 x = 12 + 12 4 x = 4
4 6 3
x x 1 x 16
(5) -- + = 1 5 x = 12 + 4 x =
4 3 6 5
x x 1 x
(6) -- + = 1 5 x = 12 + 3 x = 3
3 4 6
-- x = 4 (
(4)).
-- x = 3
( (6)).
(4) ( ),
.
8
x
x
, .
4
x2
x 2 .
6
x 3
x3
. (4).
3
(6) ( ),
(
).
x
x
, .
3
x 1
x 1 .
4
x
x , .
6
(6).
.

1 (
, , :
4 1 1 +
+ .
+ 2
+
, (1)
2
( ).
2
0

4 1 1
+ , (2)
+

4 1 1 4 +
4 ( + ) 0 ( ) .
2 2
+
+ +
(1) (2)

4 1 1 +
+ .
+ 2
9
2 .
, C (O, R) . 1 , 1 , 1
, , 2 , 2 , 2
, , , 2 1 2 12 1
1 2 , 12 1 2 .
, :
= = = R .
2 1 , :
R
2 1 = = (1) .
2 2
12 , :
R
12 = = (2) .
2 2
R
.
2
(1) (2)
11 2 2 ,
.
10
12 2 1
,
.
3 .
x, y x 2009 y 2009 :
x+ y
x 2009 + y + 2009 = +1,
2

x y+2
= .
2
: x 2009 y 2009.
x 2009 = a y + 2009 = b , x = a 2 + 2009
y = b 2 2009 , x + y = a 2 + b 2 .
:
a 2 + b2
a+b = + 1 a 2 + b 2 2a 2b + 2 = 0
2
( a 1) + ( b 1) = 0 a 1 = b 1 = 0 a = b = 1,
2 2
x = 2010, y = 2008 = 2010.
4
:
( x + y ) 3 = z 2 x y

( y + z ) = x 2 y z ( )
3
( z + x )3 = y 2 z x

.
x + y = , y + z = z + x = , :
3 + 2 = ( 2 + 2 ) =
3
+ 2 = ( + 2 ) =
2
3 + 2 = ( 2 + 2 ) =

:
= = =0.
.
0 :
( 2 + 2 )( 2 + 2 )( 2 + 2 ) = ( 2 + 2 )( 2 + 2 )( 2 + 2 ) = 1 .
, .
= 0 : = = 0 .
= 0 : = = 0 .
= 0 : = = 0 .
11
= = = 0 .
:
x + y = 0

y + z = 0 x = y = z = 0 .
z + x = 0

1
x, y
2 x 2 + 3 x ( x 2 ) + 11x 10 y = 2015 .

x ( x + 1) 2 y = 403 . (1)
x, y x ( x + 1) 2 y
x ( x + 1) 2 y ,
403.
2
f : \ \ :
f ( x f ( y ) ) f ( y f ( x ) ) = 2 f ( f ( x ) f ( y ) ) , x, y \ .
f ( x f ( x)) = 0 , x \ .
y x :
f ( x f ( x )) f ( x f ( x )) = 2 f ( f ( x ) f ( x )) ,
f ( 0 ) = 0 .
x 0 :
f (0 f ( y )) f ( y f (0 )) = 2 f ( f (0 ) f ( y ))
f ( 0 ) = 0 , :
f ( f ( y )) f ( y ) = 2 f ( f ( y )) f ( f ( y )) = f ( y ) .
( ) y x :
f ( f ( x )) = f ( x ) . (1)
y 0 :
f ( x f (0 )) f (0 f ( x )) = 2 f ( f ( x ) f (0 ))
f ( 0 ) = 0 , :
f ( x ) f ( f ( x )) = 2 f ( f ( x )) . (2)
12
( 1 ) ( 2 ) : f ( f ( x )) = f ( x ) , x R .
y f ( x )
f ( x f ( x )) = 0 , x R .
3.
000
"
000
,
2

00" 00 , 2 . :
33
33 .
000
"

000

2
11 . , ;
00"00 = 10 0 + 0 10 1 + " + 0 10 2 + 10 2 +1 =
= + 10 2 +1 =
= ( 1 + 10 2 +1 ) =
2 2 1
= ( 1 + 10 )( 10
10
+" +
1 ) = 11 .

1 , 2 , 3 .
000
"
. : 3
000

2
3 . (1)
1 , 2 , 3 3 ,
.
3 1 , 2 , 3 .
:
1) 3k + 1 , 1 + 2 + 3 = 3m
2) 3k + 2 , 1 + 2 + 3 = 3n
3k + 1
3k + 2 ,
.
1 , 2 , 3 00"00
11 , 11 .
, .
4 .
, C (O, R) 1 , 1 , 1
R
, , . C1 ( 1 , ) ,
2
R R
C2 (1 , ) C3 (1 , ) . C1 , C2 , C3
2 2
13
( ) 2 , 2 , 2
, , . 1 2 , 12 , 1 2
.
111 .
1
= , 111
2
R
.
2
7
R
111
2
111 . (
Euler )
2 , 2 , 2 , , , :
R
12 = 12 = 1 2 = 12 = 1 2 = 12 = .
2
( 12 , 12 , 1 2 , 12 , 1 2 , 12
1 , 1 , 1 , 1 , 1
1 .)
R R R
C1 (1 , ) , C2 (1 , ) C3 (1 , )
2 2 2
2 , 2 , 2 .
14
R
1 1 2 2 12
2
,
( 2 1 = // 2 1 , 1 2 = // 12 ,.).
:
2 1
. 1 2
1 2 .
1 2 2 1
. 12 1 2
12 .
1 1 2 2
. 12 12
12 .
15
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71

, 30 2010
1. x = 32 4 23 : 4 + 25 y = 4 52 43 + 7 32 .
() x y .
() ,
x y .

()
x = 32 4 23 : 4 + 25 = 9 4 8 : 4 + 32 = 9 32 : 4 + 32 = 9 8 + 32 = 33 .
y = 4 52 43 + 7 32 = 4 25 64 + 7 9 = 100 64 + 63 = 99 .
()
x, y . ( 33,99 ) = 33 , = 33 .
2. , .
6. ,
7,
16, 32 248.

, 16, 32 248.
16 32 248
16 0 8 ,
0 0 8
= (16, 32, 248 ) = 8 .
: = 8 6 + = 48 + ,
0 7 .
= 1 , = 49 ,
7.
= 49 = 8 .
2
3. .
.

= 700
. = 1300 , :
) .

) o .

. / / : = 1 = 70o ,(
, ).
/ / , : = 1 = 180o 130o = 50o . ( ,

1
,
).
,
, , :
+ + = 180o = 180o
= 180o 70o 50o = 60o .
70o
. , : 1 = = = 35o .
2 2

, / / , : I1 = 1 = 35 , I1 , 1
o
, I .
1
50o
, : 1 = = = 25o .
2 2
E / / , : I 2 = 1 = 25 , I 2 , 1
o
E, .
4. .
80 , 120 .
2600 .
10%
,
:
. .
3
. 150%
.

. 120+80=200
,
2600:200=13 . 120
120 13 = 1560 .
10
1560 = 156 .
100
. x
,
150 3x
x = .
100 2
3x 2600
80 x + 120 = 2600 80x + 180x = 2600 260x = 2600 x = = 10 .
2 260
3 10
= 15
2
, 120 15 = 1800
10
1800 = 180 .
100
4

6 4
3 4 3 6
1. x + y = 3 ( 2 ) y w =
2
,
5 5
: = 7x + 10y 3w 87 .

x + y = 3 ( 2 ) = 3 4 = 12
2
6 4
3 4 3 6 24
3 3
24 24
3 5
24
y w = = =
5 5 5 5 5 3
.
24
3 5
= = 124 = 1.
5 3
:
= 7x + 10y 3w 87 = 7x + 7y + 3y 3w 87
= 7 ( x + y ) + 3 ( y w ) 87 = 7 12 + 3 1 87 = 84 + 3 87 = 0.
2. ,
:
() 4,
() ,
() 5 ,
()
1.

xyzw = 1000 x + 100 y + 10 z + w
. , () w = 0 4 8 , ()
z = 0 2 4, . , () y = 1 5 .
:
x100, x124, x148, x500, x524, x548 .
() 4500, 4524, 4548 ,
0.
3. = 1200 .
x y , ,
= 1200 ,
, . = 600
2 3 , :
. .
. .
. .
5

. 1 2 =
= 120o ,
1 = 60o . 1 = 60o .
.
. (x) E (y)
=
, : =
90D = 1200 90D = 30o .
1 3
: = ( ),
2 = 2 = 120o
=
1
= 30o . ,
3
= .

,
= 60D = = = 300 , .
.
.
H :
2
( )3 2
2
2 = 2 + 2 2 = + 2 3 = 12 = 4 .
4 4
H :
2
3
( )
2
= + , = + 2 3
2 2 2 2
2 = 48 = 4 3 .
2
12 + 8 3 .
3+ 2 3
12 , .
3
4. 2 . 1
C ( , )
, , . 2
C ( , ) .
. ( ,, )
C ( , ) C ( , ) .
. ( 1 ) ( 2 ) 1 2 ,
6
( 1 ) 13
.
( 2 ) 5
. x C ( , x )
( ,, ) .
3

()
2 = 2 + 2 2 = 2 2 = 2 ,

( ( ,, ) ) = 2 ( )
2
2 = 2 2 2 = 2 .
() 1
2 , .

( )
2
( 1 ) = 2 ( 2 ) = 2 2 4 2 = ( 2 4 ) 2 .
2
2 ,
,
( 2 ) = ( 2 ) 2 = 4 2 2 = ( 4 ) 2 .
2
( 1 ) 2 4
= :
( 2 ) 4
( 1 ) 2 4 13 72
= > 5 ( 2 4 ) > 13 ( 4 ) 23 > 72 > 3,1304 ,
( 2 ) 4 5 23
, 3,14 .
() < x < 2
,
( )
2 x 2 = ( x 2 2 ) 2 2 x 2 = x 2 2
2

2
.
3 3
2x 2 = 3 2 x 2 = x = .
2 2
7

1. -
x 1 x 2 1 x ( x 1)
x 2 5x = 14, + < .
2 4 4

x 2 5x = 14 x ( x 5 ) = 14 .
, x
14. x {1, 2, 7, 14} .
7 -2.
,
x 2 5x 14 = 0 , = 1, = 5, = 14 ,
= 2 4 = 81 x = 7 x = 2 .

x 1 x 2 1 x ( x 1)
+ < 2x 2 + x 2 1 < x 2 x 3x < 3 x < 1 .
2 4 4
x = 2 .
2. ,, ,
, :
= 4 + 2 3 + 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 2 2 + 2 4 .

= 4 + 2 3 + 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 2 2 + 2 4
= ( 4 + 2 3 + 2 2 ) ( 2 2 2 + 2 3 2 + 4 2 ) ( 2 2 2 4 )
= 2 ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) 2 2 ( 2 + 2 + 2 ) 2 ( 2 2 2 )
= ( 2 + 2 + 2 )( 2 2 2 ) 2 ( 2 2 2 )
= ( 2 2 2 )( 2 + 2 + 2 2 ) = 2 ( ) ( + ) 2
2 2

= ( + )( ) ( + + )( + ) .
3. :
x 4 x 1 2 5 x
1 = , = + .
2 y 2 3y 3 3

1
= w , :
y
8
x 8w = 2 x = 2 + 8w x = 2 + 8w x = 2 + 8w

x 4w = 13 x = 13 + 4w 2 + 8w = 13 + 4w 8w 4w = 13 2
11
x = 2 + 8 x = 2 + 2 11 x = 24
x = 2 + 8w 4
11 11 .
4w = 11 w = 11 w = 4 w = 4
4
4
( x, y ) = 24,
11
4. ( = ) .
() .
() ,
= < .
.

( = ) ( = )
. = ,
.

( = ).
, 1 = 2 = .
, = ,
3 4 3 4
1 , 2 .
:
1. = ( ).
2. = ( ).
9
3. 3 = 4 ( 1 , 2 ).
= = .
:
1. = ( ).
2. = ( ).
=
3. ( ).
= .
:
1. = ( )
2. = ( )
=
3. + = +
=
= .
1 1
,
= ,
1 1
, .
, .
10
1. x, y, z
x2 y z = x 2
y2 z x = y 2
z 2 x y = z 2,
x + y + z = 6 x, y, z .

:
x 2, y 2 z 2 , x 2 y + z, y 2 z + x z 2 x + y.

x 2 y z = x 2 4x + 4 4x y z = 4
2
y z x = y 4y + 4 x + 4y z = 4 ,
2
(1)
2 x y + 4z = 4
z x y = z 4z + 4
2

: x + y + z = 6 .
x, y, z (1),

5x ( x + y + z ) = 4 5x 6 = 4 x = 2

5y ( x + y + z ) = 4 5y 6 = 4 y = 2 .
5z 6 = 4 z = 2
5z ( x + y + z ) = 4
,
x 2, y 2 z 2 , x > 2 ,
x + y + z > 6 , .
x = y = z = 2 .
2. c1 (, ) (
R1 = ) c 2 (, ) (
R 2 = ). c1 (, )
. c 2 (, )
.
. .
. = = 30o ,
.

11
. ( ) c1 (, ) ,
= 90o .

( ) c 2 (, ) ,
= 90o .

, , = / / .
= = 90o
, / / .

=
= 90o
.
5
.
. = 30o ,
.

= = = ,
2
, = , = ,
, .
3. x, y x + y = 4 ,
:
( 2x + 1) ( 2y + 1)
2 2
+ 25 .
x y
;
:
12
4x 2 + 4x + 1 4y 2 + 4y + 1
+ 25
x y
1 1
: 4 ( x + y ) + 8 + + 25
x y
1 1
: + 1.
x y
.

1 1
( x + y) + 4 ,
x y
x + y = 4 ,
1 1 x y x y
( x + y) + = 2 + + 2 + 2 = 4.
x y y x y x
x = y = 2 .
,
1 1 x+y
+ 1 1 xy 4 x ( 4 x ) 4 x 2 4x + 4 0
x y xy
( x 2 ) 0, .
2
x = y = 2 ,
x = y = 2 .
4. ( = 90o )
.
.
,
.

E A ,
:
13
6
= .
= = .
1 1
2
, = =
1 2
2
= = ,
= = .
1 1 1 2
2 2
= ,
.
=
1
2

, 1 =
2
. = ,
2

= = ,
.
,
.
,
, .
14

1.
( 2x + 3x + 1) ( x 2 + 3x + 2 ) = 7 ( x 2 1) .
2 3 3 3
(1 )
a = 2x 2 + 3x + 1, b = x 2 + 3x + 2 , a b = x 2 1
:
a 3 b3 = 7 ( a b ) ( a b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 ) = 7 ( a b )
3 3
( a b ) ( a 2 + ab + b 2 7a 2 + 14ab 7b 2 ) = 0
( a b ) ( 6a 2 15ab + 6b 2 ) = 0
a b = 0 2a 2 5ab + 2b 2 = 0
a = b a = 2b 2a = b
x 2 1 = 0 3x 3 = 0 3x 2 + 3x = 0
x = 1 x = 1 x = 1 x = 0 x = 1
x = 1 ( ) x = 0 x = 1.
2

( x + 1) ,
3
( x + 1) ( 2x + 1) ( x + 2 )
7 ( x 1) = 0 x = 1( )
3 3 3
3

8x + 12x + 6x + 1 x 6x 12x 8 7x 3 + 21x 2 21x + 7 = 0
3 2 3 2
x = 1( ) 27x 2 27x = 0
x = 1( ) x = 0 x = 1.
2. .

.
,
.

= + .
: 1 1 2

: = . 1 1
15
7
1 = 1 + 2 ,
. 1 = 2 .
: = .
1 1
: 1 = 2 ,
.
3. 2m , m ,
.
.
,
.

.
.
10 , 20 ,
30 .
. m 3 ,
7 .
. 210 ,
.

:
1 2m , 2m 1
m 1
2 .
16
2 2m 1 , 2m 2
2m 2 .
3 2m 2 , 2m 3
2m 3 m
2m m +1 = 21 = 2 , 2m m = 20 = 1
2m m = 20 = 1 .
:
m 2m 1 + 2m 2 + 2m 3 + " + 2 + 1 = 2m 1 .
:
n 1 = ( 1)( n 1 + n 2 + " + + 1) .
. m 3 , m = 3k ,
k , :
2m 1 = 23k 1 = ( 23 ) 1 = 8k 1 = (8 1)(8k 1 + 8k 2 + " + 1) = 7n ,
k
n .
. m ,
:
m(m + 1)
10 + 20 + 30 + " + (m 10) = 10(1 + 2 + 3 + " + m) = 10 = 5m(m + 1) .
2
:
5m(m + 1) = 210 m(m + 1) = 42 m = 6 ,
26 = 64 .
4. c1 = (O1 , r1 ) c 2 = (O 2 , r2 )
A B . M c1 , c 2
r1 < r2 , MA < MB .

MA = 2r1 1
M = 2r2
2
,
2 2

r1 1

2
= . (1)
B

r2 2

2
8
17

1

2
,
, .

1
=
() . ,
1
= ()
2 2
(1)
r1 ()
= (2)
r ()
2

() B
= ,

() A
(2)
2
r1 MB r1
= = < 1 MA < MB .
r2 MA r2

,
.
A, B, M , A, B
, M
A, B ( AB

).
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

72

19 2011
1
:
2 1 17 1 1 3 7
= + 1 : + 5 + 2 1
7 14 2 7 6 2 3

4 14 1 2 1 31 3 14
= + + + 1
14 14 14 17 7 6 2 3
17 2 1 31 9 28 6 1 1 31 31
= + + = + = 0.
14 17 7 6 6 6 6 7 7 6 6
2
10

, :

2

= : 2.
1 9

5

10

, = 2 = 5 .
2
2
= 2 ,: =
2
:2 = 2 : 2 1 = 10 : 1 = 10 9 = 10 .
1 9 9 9 9 9 9
2
5 5
5 5
5
2 2 = 2 : 2 = 10 : 5 = 10 18 = 180 = 3 .
= 5 , : = :
1 9 24 9 24 18 24 5 120 2
5
5 5
3
, , 3 , 9 , 11 .
,
56. , .

: = = ,
=
3 9 11
= 3 , = 9 = 11.

= 56 11 3 = 56 8 = 56 = 7 .
: = 3 7 = 21, = 9 7 = 63 = 11 7 = 77.
4
< .
= .

.
= 90D .
1. :
, :
2. = 200 .

1.

=
, : = .
1 2
2
ZH ,
= ( ).
1
= ,
2
.
To
,
,
= 90D
=
2. = 90D , :
= 90 = 90 .
o o
1 2 3 1
3 ,

, = + . :
3
2

1 = 90 o 2 = 90 o = + + = = 20 = 10 o .
o
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

1
= 101 :103 , = 105 :107 101 1000 :
2
6
=
+ +
:
= 101 :103 = 101+3 = 102 , =105 :107 =105+7 =102 = 101 1000 = 101 103 = 102 .
:
2 2 2
6 102 102 102 6 102+ 2+ 2 6 106
= 2 2
= 2+ 2 2+ 2 2+ 2
= 4
10 10 + 10 10 + 10 10 10 + 10 + 10 3 10
2 2 2 2
1 1 1 1
= ( 2 106 4 ) = ( 2 102 ) =
2 2
= 2 = =
( 2 102 ) 2 10 4 100 400
2 2
2
:
x
3
x x 5 2 2x 9
2 x.
2 4 4 8
. :
x x 5 x x 5
2 4 4 4 2 2 x ( x 5) 8 2 x x + 5 8 x 3 .
2 4 2 4
x x 6 x6
3
2 2 x 9 2 x 9 2x 9
x 2 2 x 2 x
4 8 4 8 4 8
x 6 2x 9 x6 2x 9
x 8 8 8 x x 6 ( 2 x 9) 8x
8 8 8 8
1 1
x 6 2 x + 9 8x 3 9 x x x .
3 3
1
x 3 ,
3
1,2 3.
3
Oxy ( )
y = ( 3 1) x + 2 , , ,
( ) y = 2 x ( 2,8 ) .
() .
() ( 4, 4 ) ( 1, 2 )
( )
.

() ( ) & ( ) ,
, 3 1 = 2 = 1 .
( ) y = 2 x + 2 . , , ( 2,8 )
( ) , : 8 = 2 2 + 2 2 = 4 = 2 .
:
= 1, = 2 ( ) : y = 2x + 4 .
() 2 ( 4 ) + 4 = 4 2 ( 1) + 4 = 2 ,
( 4, 4 ) ( 1, 2 ) ( ) ,
( ) . ,
. ,
( 2 + 1) + ( 8 2 )
2 2
= = 9 + 36 = 45
( 4 + 1) + ( 4 2 )
2 2
= = 9 + 36 = 45
.
4

.
C ( , ) , , .
() 1
C ( , )
.
() 2

C ( , ) .
1 4
() < . ( = 3,1415 ).
2 3

1. = , ,
, .
, :
2 = 2 + 2 2 = 2 2 = 2 .
: 2 2 .
2 , 1 , :
1 = 2 2 2 = ( 2) 2
2
2. ,
C ( , ) . ,
= 2 . 4 2 .
:
2 = 4 2 2 = ( 4 ) 2 .
3. :
1 4 ( 2 ) 2 < 4 3 2 < 4 4 3 6 < 16 4
< ( ) ( )
2 3 (4 ) 2 3
22
7 < 22 < = 3,1428...., .
7

1. :
( x 10 ) ( x 2 7 x + 10 ) = 0

x 2 + 1 2 x 1 x ( x + 1)
+ <
2 5 2

( x 10 ) ( x 2 7 x + 10 ) = 0 x 10 = 0 x 2 7 x + 10 = 0
x = 10 x 2 7 x + 10 = 0.
x 2 7 x + 10 = 0 , = 1, = 7,
= 10 , = 2 4 = 9 x = 2 x = 5 .
x 2 7 x + 10 = 0
x ( x 7 ) = 10 . ,
x 10.
x {1, 2, 5, 10} .
2 5.

x 2 + 1 2 x 1 x ( x + 1)
+ < 5 x 2 + 5 + 4 x 2 < 5 x 2 + 5 x x > 3.
2 5 2
: x = 5 x = 10.
2. :
1 + x 4 + (1 + x ) + x (1 + x ) 2 (1 + x 3 ) + (1 + x )
3 3 3
( x) = .
1 + x 2 + (1 + x ) 3 ( x 2 + 1)
2

1 + x 4 + (1 + x ) + x (1 + x ) 2 (1 + x 3 ) + (1 + x )
3 3 3
( x) = ( x ) = ,
1 + x 2 + (1 + x ) 3 ( x 2 + 1)
2
( x ) ( x ) ( x ) . :
1 + x 4 + (1 + x ) + x (1 + x )
3 3
1 + x 4 + 1 + 3 x + 3 x 2 + x 3 + x (1 + 3 x + 3 x 2 + x 3 )
( x) = =
1 + x 2 + (1 + x ) 1 + x2 + 1 + 2 x + x2
2
2 x 4 + 4 x3 + 6 x 2 + 4 x + 2 x 4 + 2 x3 + 3x 2 + 2 x + 1 x 4 + 2 x3 + x 2 + 2 x 2 + 2 x + 1
= = =
2 + 2 x + 2 x2 1 + x + x2 1 + x + x2
(x + x ) + 2 ( x2 + x ) + 1 (x + x + 1)
2 2 2 2
= = = x 2 + x + 1.
1+ x + x 2
x + x +1
2
2 (1 + x 3 ) + (1 + x )
3
3 + 3 x3 + 3x 2 + 3 x x3 + x 2 + x + 1
( x) = = =
3 ( x 2 + 1) 3 ( x 2 + 1) x2 + 1
x 2 ( x + 1) + ( x + 1) ( x + 1) ( x + 1)
2
= = = x + 1.
x2 + 1 x2 + 1
:
( x ) = ( x ) ( x ) = x 2 + x + 1 ( x + 1) = x 2 .
3. () , :
x x 3 ( x 1)
+ = ( x + 2) .
2 4 4
() ;

()
2 x + x = 4 ( x + 2 ) 3 ( x 1) 2 x + x = 4 x + 8 3 x + 3 x + x = 8 + 3
( + 1) x = 8 + 3. (1)
:
1. = 1 , 0 x = 5 .
2. ] {1} , , 1 ,
8 + 3
x = .
+1
() ,
8 + 3 8 + 8 5 8 ( + 1) 5
x= ] x = ] x = ]
+1 +1 +1
5 5
x = 8 ] ]
+1 +1
+ 1 {1,1, 5,5} {2, 0, 6, 4} .
, -1.
4
( = ).
< ,
. ,
K , N . T , S
, , , S T
.

: () = ,
, () = ( ) ()
.
3
, :
= :
1 1
=
. (1)

=

= (2)
= . (3)

(1) =
.
: =
(3) : E = .
(2) ,
=
. = E = T ,
= .
E = T =
.
S = S
S = S , S
.

1
() :
( x) =
( x + 2 )( 2 x 1)( x 1) + x 4 , x 2 .
x2 2
() :
2012 4019 2009 + 2006
= .
20102 2
.

() :
( x + 2 )( 2 x 1)( x 1) + x 4 = ( x + 2 ) ( 2 x 2 3x + 1) + x 4
x2 2 x2 2
2 x 3x + x + 4 x 6 x + 2 + x 4 2 x3 + x 2 4 x 2
3 2 2
= =
x2 2 x2 2
2 x ( x 2 2 ) + x 2 2 ( x 2 2 ) ( 2 x + 1)
= = = 2 x + 1.
x2 2 x2 2
() x = 2010 , :
= ( 2010 ) = 2 2010 + 1 = 4021 .
2

1 1 1
+ = 2,
xa xb c
x , \ ,
a, b, c \ , c 0 .
2 1
a = b : = 2 x = a + 2c 2 .
xa c
a b.
( x a )( x b ) = c 2 ( x a + x b ) , x a x b
x 2 ( a + b + 2c 2 ) x + ab + ( a + b ) c 2 = 0, x a x b (1)

= ( a + b + 2c 2 ) 4ab 4 ( a + b ) c 2 = ( a + b ) 4ab + 4c 4 = ( a b ) + 4c 4 > 0 ,
2 2 2
(1) \
( a b)
2
a + b + 2c 2 + 4c 4
x1,2 = . (2)
2
, a b (1). x = a
: ( a a )( x b ) = c 2 ( a a + x b ) 0 = c 2 ( a b ) ,
, c 0 a b .
x = b . , a b ,
\ (2).
3
:
y = x 3 + 2 x 2, z = y 3 + 2 y 2, x = z 3 + 2 z 2 .

:
y z = ( x y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 + 2 ) (1)
z x = ( y z ) ( y 2 + yz + z 2 + 2 ) (2)
2
y 3 y2
x + xy + y + 2 = x + +
2 2
+ 2 > 0
2 4
2
z 3z 2
y + yz + z + 2 = y + +
2 2
+ 2 > 0 , x > y ,
2 4
(1) y > z . (2) z > x .
x > y > z > x , .
, x < y .
x = y, y = z . :
x = x3 + 2 x 2 x3 + x 2 = 0 x3 1 + x 1 = 0
( x 1) ( x 2 + x + 2 ) = 0 x = 1,
x 2 + x + 2 = 7 < 0 .
4
< < ,
c(O,R) . , , c(O,R)
, . ,
, M . ,
, . :
) , (c1 )
(c2 ) , .
) ( ) (c1 ) (c 2 )
, .
) , : =
= .
c(O, R) (
= .
). = ,
=
.
4
=
= EO
.
) ,
:

=
= + = +.
=
2 2
= =

= 90D + .
:
2
, , , ,

=
+ + = .
2
5
( = = R) , = .

= 90o - . ( = = R) ,
=
.
2

EO = 90o . :
2
=
+ = = 90o +90o
+
2 2

= 180o 90D = 90D + = .
2 2

1.
(x + 3x + 2 ) + ( x 2 + x 2 ) = 16 ( x + 2 ) .
2 4 4 4
(1 )
x 2 + 3x + 2 x 2 + x 2
x + 2 , :
( x + 2 ) ( x + 1) + ( x 1) 16 = 0
4 4 4
( x + 2 ) = 0 ( x + 1) + ( x 1) 16 = 0
4 4 4
x = 2 ( 4) 2 x 4 + 12 x 2 14 = 0
x = 2 ( 4) x 4 + 6 x 2 7 = 0
x = 2 ( 4) x 2 = 1 x 2 = 7 ()
x = 2 ( 4) x = 1 x = 1.
2
a = x 2 + 3x + 2, b = x 2 + x 2 , a b = 2 x + 4
:
a 4 + b 4 = ( a b ) a 4 + b 4 = a 4 4a 3b + 6a 2b 2 4ab3 + b 4
4
ab ( 2a 2 3ab + 2b 2 ) = 0
a = 0 b = 0 2a 2 3ab + 2b 2 = 0
a = 0 b = 0 a = b = 0,
2a 2 3ab + 2b 2 = 0, ab 0 ,
a
2u 2 3u + 2 = 0, u = ,
b
\ . :
a=0 b=0 a=b=0
x 2 + 3x + 2 = 0 x 2 + x 2 = 0 x 2 + 3x + 2 = x 2 + x 2 = 0
x = 1 x = 2 x = 1 x = 2 x = 2 ()
x = 1 x = 1 x = 2 ( 4)
2
\, ,
( x 2 + y 2 ) + 2 x + y =
, ()
2 x y =
\ , \ .

( )
( x 2 + y 2 ) + 2 x + y = x 2 + ( 2 x + )2 + 2 x + 2 x + =

2 x y = y = 2x +
5 x 2 + 4 ( + 1) x + 2 = 0 (1)

y = 2x + (2)
0 , (1)
= 16 ( + 1) 20 2 2 = 4 ( 2 2 + 8 + 4 )
2
\ ,
:
0 2 2 + 8 + 4 0 . (3)
, + 8 + 4 = 80 > 0 ,
2 2
2
4
, 1 < 0 < 2 ( 12 = 2 < 0 ).

+ 8 + 4 < 0 , < 1 > 2 , .
2 2
= 0 (1) x = 0 , y =
( x, y ) = ( 0, ) . = 0 .
3
an , n = 0,1, 2,... d n = an an 1 ,
n = 1, 2,.3,.... = a1 a0 .
1. , a0 , n an
S n +1 = a0 + a1 + + an .
2. a0 = 1 a1 = 7 , n
: an > 103 S n +1 8 103 .
1. :
d1 = , d n = d1 + ( n 1) = n , n = 2,3,... ..
:
d1 + d 2 + ... + d n = ( a1 a0 ) + ( a2 a1 ) + ... + ( an an 1 )
+ 2 + ... + n = an a0 an = a0 + (1 + 2 + ... + n )
n ( n + 1)
an = a0 + .
2
S n +1 :
1 2 2 3 n ( n + 1)
S n +1 = a0 + a1 + + an = ( n + 1) a0 + + + ... +
2 2 2
1
( ) 1 n
= ( n + 1) a0 + (12 + 1) + ( 22 + 2 ) + ... + ( n 2 + n ) = ( n + 1) a0 + ( k 2 + k )
2 2 k =1
1 n 1 n 1 n ( n + 1)( 2n + 1) n ( n + 1)
= ( n + 1) a0 + k 2 + k = ( n + 1) a0 + +
2 k =1 2 k =1 2 6 2
1 n ( n + 1)( n + 2 ) n ( n + 1)( n + 2 )
= ( n + 1) a0 + = ( n + 1) a0 + .
2 3 6
2. a0 = 1 a1 = 7 , = 6
an = 1 + 3n ( n + 1) , S n +1 = n + 1 + n ( n + 1)( n + 2 ) = ( n + 1) 1 + n ( n + 2 ) = ( n + 1) .
3
:
an > 103 S n +1 8 103 an = 1 + 3n ( n + 1) > 103 , Sn +1 = ( n + 1) 8 103
3
n ( n + 1) > 333, n + 1 2 10 n > 18, n 19 n = 18 n = 19.

17 18 = 306, 18 19 = 342 .
n 18.
4
< < ,
(c) . ,

(c) ,
M . ,

(c) ,
N . :
) , , , , , ,
() (c1 ) (c 2 ) , .
) ,
(c1 ) (c2 ) .

) ,
.
:

= = 180 2 x = 90o + + x = x
0
=

1
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
6

+
: x = = x , = = x .
1
2 2 2
.
:

= = 180 2 y = 90o + + y = y .
0
=

2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2

: y = + = y , = = y .
2
2 2 2
.
) ,
:

= + + = 90o +
= + + = 90o + .
2 2 2 2
:

= 180o
= 180o 90o
= 90o y + = 90 o y .
1 2
2 2 2
:

= 180o
= 180o 90o
= 90o x + = 90 o x .
1 1
2 2 2

x = y = 45 , 1 =
o .
1

(c ) (c ) ( ,
1 2 1 1
).
) (c1 ) (c 2 ) .
) Miquel .
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

73

20 2012
1
:
5
2 44 39
= 18 : 11 .
5 5 5 3+ 6
11

5
2 44 39 88 5 39 5
= 18 : 11 = = 2 1 = 1. .
5 5 5 3 + 6 5 44 5 39
11
2

12, 30 54,
:
3
2
= 2 : 2 .

1
2

(12,30,54 ) = 6 . 6 1, 2, 3, 6
2 3. = 2 = 3 .
2 3 2
2
= 2 : = 2 : 2 = 1 : 1 = 2 4 = 8.
1 2 3 4 3 1 3
2
2 2
3 33
0
= 3 2 2 = = 0 ,
3 3
3 1
2
2 = 2 = 1 0 , .
1 5 5
3
2 2
3
800 .
407
1050 . 2,5
6% .
()
.
() ( )
8% ,
.
6
() 2,5 = 0,15 ,
100
2,5 0,15 = 2,35 .
1050 + 407 = 1457 , 1457 : 2,35 = 620
.
8
() 800 = 64 ,
100
800 ( 620 + 64 ) = 116 .
4
= 60D = 3 .
2
= .
B , .
1
, AB , : AB = .
3 3
= AB = = = , :
2 2
3
= = = .
2 2
( = ) 60o ,
.

= , = = .
2 2
1 .
= 180D
1
= 180D 60D = 120D ,
180 120D
D
: 1 = 1 = = 30o .
2

1

x 2 y 4 z 6 2182
= , x = 210 , y = 48 , z = 86
3 (13 22 33 + 42 9 )
3 1
:
x = 210 , y = 48 = ( 22 ) = 216 , z = 86 = ( 23 ) = 218 .
8 6
:
= x 2 y 4 z 6 2182 = ( 210 ) ( 216 ) ( 218 ) 2182
2 4 6
= 220 264 2108 2182 = 210.

:
= 3 (13 22 33 + 42 93 ) = 3 (13 22 33 + 24 36 ) = 3 22 33 (13 + 22 33 )
1 1 1
= 3 ( 22 33 121) = 3 22 33 1211 = 22 32 112.

1

2 2
210 32 121 32 112 33 33
= = = = 4 = .
22 32 1211 28 28 2 16
2
3 -3

4 x 5 + 2 < ( x 3) + 2 ( 1) .
3 ,
16
4 3 5 + 2 < ( 3 3) + 2 ( 1) 12 5 + 2 < 2 2 16 < 7 > .
7
-3 ,
4 (3) 5 + 2 < ( 3 3) + 2 ( 1) 12 5 + 2 < 6 + 2 2
.
8 < > 8
3 -3 ,
16 16
> > 8 , > .
7 7
3

1

12
( , ) ( , ) , 0 < < ,
:
=
3
3
= 2 2 2 .
4

( )
p ,
, (
p ,
)
( ) =
2 2
=
( 2 2 )
.
2 2 2
( , )
( , ) , 0 < < , ( , , ) = ( 2 2 ) , ,
, :
( ) 1
=
( 2 2 ) 1
= = .
( , , ) 12 2 ( ) 12
2 2
6
1 1
= = 2 = = ,
6 2 3 2
3
1 3 1 1 3 1
3 2 3 3
3 1
= 2 2 = 2 = = =
2
.
4 2 4 2 2 8 8 512
4
= cm < .
. = 2 ,
:
(i)
(ii)
.
(i) = = x , = y, = 2 y = z .
:
x2 = y 2 + z 2 z 2 = x2 y 2 . (1)
:
2 = 4 y2 + z2 z2 = 2 4 y2 . (2)
(1) (2) :
2 4 y 2 = x2 y 2 x2 = 2 3 y 2 (3)
:
9 y 2 = x2 + 2 x2 = 9 y 2 2 . (4)
(3) (4) :
2 6
9 y2 2 = 2 3 y2 y2 = y= ,
6 6

2
6 2 2 2
x = 3
2 2
= 3
2
= x= .
6 6 2 2
(ii) = 3 y ,
3 6 6 2 3 2
R= y= . E = R 2 = = .
2 4 16 8

1
x x ( x 2 ) = 24
25.
x ( x 2 ) = 24 x 2 2 x 24 = 0
= 100 ,
2 10
x= x = 6 x = 4 .
2
x = 4 , ( 4 ) = 16 < 25 , 62 = 36 > 25 .
2
2
:
3 + 3 2 + 2 + ( + 2 ) ( 2 )
( , ) = ,
( + )
2
+ 0 + 1 .
:
3 + 3 2 + 2 + ( + 2 ) ( 2 )
= 3 + 3 ( 2 2 ) + ( + )( 2 )
= ( + ) ( 2 + 2 ) ( + )( ) + ( + )( 2 )
= ( + ) ( 2 + 2 + + 2 2 )
= ( + ) ( 2 2 + )
= ( + ) ( + )( ) ( )
= ( + )( )( + 1) .
:
( + ) = ( + )( + 1)
2
, + 0 + 1 ,
( , ) =
( + )( )( + 1) = .
( + )( + 1)
3
x 2 + 2 x + 2 1 = 0 .
-5 2
20.

= 4 2 4 ( 2 1) = 4 ,
x1 = + 1 x2 = 1 .
( 5, 2 ) ,
5 < + 1 < 2 5 < 1 < 2 6 < < 1 4 < < 3
.
1 < < 6 3 < < 4 1 < < 4.
,
( + 1) + ( 1) = 20 2 2 + 2 = 20 2 = 9 = 3 = 3 ,
2 2
, 1 < < 4 = 3 .
4
= = =2 .

. .
.
4
// , = ,
1 1
1 =
2 .
2 = 1
, : = = .
.
1 . ,
, :
1
= = = = 2
2 2
, = 2 = 2 .
= 2 .
2 . M .
, : = // = ( )
= = ( ). = E
. ,
, .

1

0 1 < < 1 = 1+ ,

1+ 1 1+ 1
= + , = .
1 1+ 1 1+
1 + > 0 1 > 0 ,
1+ 1 1+ +1 2
= + = = ,
1 1+ 1 2 1 2
1+ 1 1 + (1 ) 2
= = = .
1 1+ 1 2 1 2
:
1 1 + 2
= 1 + = 1 + = .

2
1 3
1 + = + > 0 , ,
2
2 4
, , 0 < < 1 ,
1 < < 0 .
2
:
x 2 2 x 1 + 2 = 0 .

( 0,5 ) 82.

= 4 2 4 ( 1 + 2 ) = 4 ,
x1 = + 1 x2 = 1 .
( 0,5 ) ,
0 < + 1 < 5 0 < 1 < 5 1 < < 4 1 < < 6 1 < < 4 .
,
( + 1) + ( 1) = 82 2 4 + 12 2 + 2 = 82 4 + 6 2 40 = 0 ,
4 4

2 = 4 2 = 10 () = 2 = 2 .
= 2 , = 2
1 < < 4 .
3
x, y z
x y z
= =
2012 x + 3 2012 y + 5 2012 z + 7
x, y z 747.

2012 x + 3 2012 y + 5 2012 z + 7
= =
x y z
3 5 7
2012 + = 2012 + = 2012 +
x y z
3 5 7
= =
x y z
3 5 7 1
, = = = : x = 3 , y = 5 , z = 7 .
x y z
x, y z 747
747 9
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 83 2 747 = ] 2 = ] ,
83 2

1, 3 9.
2
2 = 1 = 1 ( x, y, z ) = ( 3,5, 7 ) ( x, y, z ) = ( 3, 5, 7 ) .
2 = 3 = 3 x, y, z , .
2 = 9 = 3 ( x, y, z ) = ( 9,15,21) ( x, y, z ) = ( 9, 15, 21) .
4
c(O, R) , AB ( )
M AB . c1 ( A, AM ) c2 ( B, BM )
c(O, R) K N . c1 ( A, AM )
c2 ( B, BM ) T . T
KMN .

.
5
KM c( O , R ) c1( A, AM ) .
OA KM . (1)
MT c1( A, AM ) c2 ( B , BM ) .
AB MT . (2)
MN c( O , R ) c2 ( B , BM ) .
OB MN . (3)
(1) (2) , :
A1 = M 1 ( ).
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B1 = M 2 ( )
OAB , :
A1 = B1 .
: M 1 = M 2 .
ANM ABM , c( O , R )
q
AM .
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TBM , : TNM = ABM
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ANK = ANM ( c( O , R )
AM AK ). NA
KNM .

1

1 1 1 1 2011
+ + + + = .
1+ 2 1+ 2 + 3 1+ 2 + 3 + 4 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + + x 2013
x ( x + 1)
1 + 2 + 3 + ... + x = , x ,
2
:
2 2 2 2 2011
+ + + + =
2 3 3 4 4 5 x ( x + 1) 2013
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2011
2 + + + ... + =
2 3 3 4 4 5 x x + 1 2013
2 2011 2 2
1 = = x = 2012.
x + 1 2013 x + 1 2013
2
f ( x ) = ax 2 + bx + c
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, a, b, c
.

ax 2 + bx + c = cx + b ax 2 + ( b c ) x + ( c b ) = 0
. 0,
= ( b c ) + 4a ( b c ) = 0 ( b c )( b c + 4a ) = 0 c b = 4a,
2
b c .
c b = 4a :
ax 2 4ax + 4a = 0 a ( x 2 4 x + 4 ) = 0 x 2 4 x + 4 = 0 x = 2.
( 2, 2c + b ) .
3
x, y z

x y z
= =
2012 x + y 2012 y + z 2012 z + 7
x, y z 147.

2012 x + y 2012 y + z 2012 z + 7
= =
x y z
y z 7 y z 7
2012 + = 2012 + = 2012 + = =
x y z x y z
y z 7 1
, = = = : x = 7 3 , y = 7 2 , z = 7 .
x y z
x, y z 147
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 147 49 6 + 49 4 + 49 2 = 147
6 + 4 + 2 = 3 6 1 + 4 1 + 2 1 = 0
( 2 1)( 4 + 2 + 1 + 2 + 1 + 1) = 0
( 2 1)( 4 + 2 2 + 3) = 0 = 1 = 1,
4 + 2 2 + 3 = 0 = 8 < 0 .
:
( x, y, z ) = ( 7, 7, 7 ) ( x, y, z ) = ( 7, 7, 7 )
4
c(O, R) , BC ( )
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c1 ( B, BM ) , c2 (C , CM ) T , S .
AM , KT , NS .
, , K , A,C , S N , A, B ,T .
AM c1( B , BM ) c2 ( C ,CM ) .
BC AM .
BC TS ( ).
TS AM ( AM TS ). AMT = AMS = 90 o .
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c1( B , BM ) c2 ( C ,CM ) .
, A,C , S A, B ,T .
K , A,C N , A, B .
c( O , R ) , B KM ( BM , BK
c1( B , BM ) ). BM BK
, .
= MCB
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, :
= MCB
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K , A,C .
N , A, B .
AMTK AMSN :
AKT = ANS = 90 o .
TK KS TN NS .
AM TS , AM , KT ,
NS ATS , .
P ATS . P , A,T , S
A
PTS .
KMN PTS A
KMN .
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74

19 2013
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: z x y y x z .
() , y 0, :
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: x, y, z 10, 2, 24 .
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.
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x (1)
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4 x 2 8 x a 2 x 2 ax 1 .
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75

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1 , 1 , 1 , 1
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1 d2 4,1 d3 160 d2 3, d3 159 3 53 , , n 3 159
.
1 d 2 5,1 d3 128 d 2 4, d3 127 , , n 4 127
.
1 d 2 8,1 d3 80 d 2 7, d3 79 , n 7 79 553
1 d 2 10,1 d3 64 d 2 9, d3 63, , n 9 63
.
1 d 2 16,1 d3 40 d 2 15, d3 39, , n 15 39
.
1 d 2 20,1 d3 32 d 2 19, d3 31, n 19 31 589
, 553 589.
15
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76

14 2015
1
:
32 5
24 : 6 52 2 8 8 : 22 , 25 112 : 32 1
11 7
.

32 9 9
24 : 6 5 2 8 8 : 2 24 : 6 25 2 8 8 : 4 4 25 16 2
2 2
11 11 11
9 9
15 15 .
11 11
5 5 5 5
2 112 : 3 1 32 112 : 3 1 144 : 9 1 16 1
5 2 2
7 7 7 7
5 5
15 15 .
7 7
9 5 9 5 9 5 63 55 8
: 15 15 15 15 0 ,
11 7 11 7 11 7 77 77
.

2
6 4
20% 5%,
:
(i) , (ii) .

2 2 6 4 20
6 4 24 .
20
6 6 6 1, 2 7, 2 ,
100
5
4 4 4 0, 2 3,8.
100
1
:
(i) H
2 7, 2 3,8 2 11 22 ,
22 20 2
2 10
, 10%.
20 100
(ii)
7, 2 3,8 27,36 ., ()
27,36 24 3,36 .
3,36 14
0,14 , 14%.
24 100
3.
= 30 .
,
.

.
1
=

180 180 30 75 .

,
2 2

, = .
,
75 . 180 2 75 30 .

30
, 15 .
2
, 90 , :
90 90 75 15 .
:

75 30 45 .
2
4
x 1, x, x 1
1000 x 10, x 1
11 x 1 3.
x 10, x 1 11 10 11,
. 9 3, 9,10,11
.
10,11 110,
10 11
110 110
1000. :
120 230 340 450 560 670 780 890

121 231 341 451 561 671 781 891
119, 229, 339, 449, 559, 669,

779, 889 3. 339 669,
339,340,341 669,670,671.
. 9,10,11,

3,10,11 330 .
339,340,341
669,670,671.
1
4
a 1 1 3 1 2
. a 1 , a .
3 33 2 27 3
.
4 4
2 3 81 16
a , a 1
3 2 16 81
81
1
a 1 1 1 3 1 16 1 16 3 1
a
a 3 33 2 27 81
3 33 81 2 27
16
65
1 8 1 65 1 9 66 9 1 7
16 2 .
33 33 27 27 33 33 27 33 27 3 3
16
3
2
100 10 ,
4,
28 42
, .

: 0, 4, 8.
28 42,
: 1, 2, 7, 14. :
4, 7, 2, 14.
:
6, 7, 3, 14.
: 4, 6, 7 2, 3, 14.
: 406, 446, 486, 203, 243, 283.
3
= .
,
.
,
. 36 , :
() 36 , () = , () = .
2
() = :
180 .

2
,
= , :
180
36 36

3 108 36 .
2
()
4
90 36 54
.
= . =
.
180 2
.
180 2 72 36
= . :
= = = .
() : 90
90 72 18 ,
: 90 90 72 18 .

: 18 = .
4
x, y, z , w, m , ,
5,
x y z m w .
, x, y, z , w, m 1,2,3,4,5 .
, ,
w 1 . 4 5
z m . 45 54 , z 4, m 5 .
x y 2 3 5 .
5 45 1 5 1024 1 5119 .
, ,
w 5 z m , z 1 .
x y x y 2 3 5 5 14 5 0 .
1
: 2 x x 1 x 1 x 2 x 2 , .

2x 1 3 x 1

4 8 4

x .
. :
2 x x 1 x 1 x 2 x 2
2 x x 2 1 x 2 x 2 x 1,

2x 1 3 x 1 3
4x 2 3 2x 2 2x 3 x .
4 8 4 2
5
3
x 1, , :
2
3 5
1 .
2 2
2
x y 1 6 x 3 y 2

3 4
11
x 3 y 2
1 1
x 3, y 2 . a b ,
x3 y2
1 1
x y 1 x 3 y 2 ..
a b
, a, b 0 :
1 1 6
a b 6 a 6 b a 6 b a 5
a b ab ,
3a 4b 11 3a 4b 11 3(6 b) 4b 11 7b 7 b 1
16
x , y 1 , .
5
3
x, y
x y x 2 y 2 p,
p .
: x x 2 y y 2 p x x 1 y y 1 p (1)
x x 1 , y y 1
, . p 2 ,
2.
x x 1 , y y 1 , :
x x 1 2 x x 1 0
x x 1 y y 1 2 1 2
y y 1 0 y y 1 2
x x 1 2 x 1 x 2 y y 1 0 y 0 y 1.
1 :
x, y 1, 0 1, 1 2, 0 2, 1
, 2 :
x, y 0,1 1,1 0, 2 1, 2 .
6
4
30 . ,
AB = A
AB A . ( )
. , A
T . :
() ,
() A .
3
() ( x ) 1 120 .
30 .
1 1
, ( ) :

2 30 .
2

, 1 60 60 ,
1 2
.
() ( ) .
x (1) .
,
x 120 .

(2) .
:
180
180 30 60 90 .
2

30 60 90 .
1
A
( (1) (2) ).
. ,
, .
7

1
x, y x 2 2 y 2 4 ,
A x 2 5x 2 2y 2 x 4 32y 2 ,
x, y .
x 4 5 x 2 2 y 2 x 4 5 x 2 4 x 2 x 4 4 x 2 4 ( x 2 2) 2 ,
x 4 5x 2 2 y 2 x 2 2 .
x 4 32 y 2 4 2 y 2 32 y 2 16 16 y 2 4 y 4 4 y 2 2 ,
2 2
x 4 32 y 2 2( y 2 2) .
x 2 2 2( y 2 2) x 2 2 y 2 6 4 6 10 .
2
.
, , ,
.
.

4

,

// .
2

, // // .
2
,
8

2 , 2

. ,
. , // , , ,
.
3
a .
5a a 2
() , , a.
2 5
()
:
3x a x 2 x a
, 2 3x a x 2 x 1 a, a x 2 x a
2 2 3
x .
5a 3a 5a
() a 0 , : a 0 a. ,
2 2 2
a2 1
a 5a a 2 4a 2 a , a
5 2
a2
a .
5
a2 5a
: a .
5 2
() . :
3x a x 2 x a 5a
9 x 3a 3x 4 x 2a 2 x 5a x .
2 2 3 2
a2
2 3x a x 2 x 1 a 6 x 2a x 2 x 2 a 5 x a 2 x .
5
a x 2 x a a x 2 x 2a 3a 3x x a .
a2 5a
a ,
5 2
5a 5a
: x : a x , a * a, , a * . .
2 2
x
. m
, , :
M m 1 . :
3a
a 2k , k * . 2k ,5k , 3k 1
1 .
2
5 1
a 2k 1, k . 2k 1,5k 2k 1,5k 2 ,
2 2
3(a 1) 3a 1
3k 1 1 2 .
2 2 2
9
4
- :
3 b c

: b 3 c b
3
c b c
a, b, c 0 ,
0 , a b c 0 .
a, b, c 0 c
a, b . 3 b c 2 , 3 b 2 ,
b 8 (1).
c 8 ( b ).
b b3 c a 2b a , a b (1) a 8 .
c c3 a b 2c b , b c .
, b c a b , a b c .
a 3 a 2a a 0 , a 8 , a b c 8
.
( a, b, c ) {( 0,0,0), (8,8,8)} .
1
Oxy
1 1 1
y y . y
x x x
1 1
, , , ,

1 1 1
y , ,
x
0 . :
(i)
(ii) .
:
1 1

1 1 1 1
y x y x .

:
10
1 1

1 1 1 1
y x y x .

, :
1 1 1 1 1 1
,

: .
5

(ii)
2

(i) ,
2
, . ,
0 , :
,

, .
2

3x 2 3x 4 x 2 3 2 x 2 3x 5 2 x 2 2 .

x 3 x 2 3 x 4, x x 2 3, x 2 x 2 3 x 5, x 2 x 2 2 ,
,
, x . ,
,
x x x x x x x x x x 2 3 x 2.

11
x x x x x x
x x x 2 x x x
x x x 2 x x x
x x x x x x
x x x 0 x 0 x x 0
x 2 3x 2 0 x 2 3 2 x 2 2 0 ,
x 1 x 2 x 2 1 x 1() x 2 x 1.
3
x, y
x 3 y 3 x y pq , p, q .
x 3 x x x 2 1 x 1 x x 1 ,
, 2 3. 6
( x 1) x ( x 1) .
6 ( y 1) y ( y 1) , 6 .
6 pq , p, q , pq 6 .
( x 1) x ( x 1) ( y 1) y ( y 1) 6 . x, y 2 ,
( x 1) x ( x 1) ( y 1) y ( y 1) 6 6 12 ,
2, y . ( y 1) y ( y 1) 0 , ( x 1) x( x 1) 6 x
, x 2 . :
( x, y ) {( 2,0), ( 2,1), (0,2), (1,2)} .
4
ABC ( AB AC BC )
c(O, R) D, E AB AC .
BC (c1 ) , (c2 )
BDT CET . (c1 ) (c2 ) BC L
. DELK .
BC
DE , DE / / ,
2
DELK , . , DELK
BC
, DE KL .
2
( c1 ) , DE S .
( c2 ) S .
CEST .
12
6
ABTC , : A 1 2 180 (1) .

SLTB , : 1 L1 (2) .
DSLB , : L B1 (3) .
2 C 1 C (
(1), (2), (3) :
DE // BC ), 2 E1
CEST ( E1
2 ).
( c1 ) ( c2 ) DE .
DSLB SECK
( ),
AB AC
SL DB , SK EC ,
2 2
L1 B 1 C ,
1
ABC SLK ( .
2
BC
: DE KL .
2
13
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77

12 2016
1
:
( 20 ) ( 8) 3
2 3
153 3
= + + .
( 5) 9
3
52 23

( 20 ) ( 8) 3
2 3
3 20 15 8 9
2 3 3 3
153
= + + = + +
( 5) 9 5 5 2 3
3
52 23
= ( 4 ) + ( 3) + ( 4 ) ( 3) = ( 4 ) + ( 4 ) = 16 64 = 48.
2 3 3 3 2 3
2
.
=
.

.
() = .
()
.

() ,
.
, = .
1
2
() = ,

= (1)

= + = 60 + 90 = 150 (2)
:
180 150 30
= =
= = 15
2 2
, (1) :
,
, , .
|| ,

= (3)
(1) (2)

= . (4)
,
= = 30 = 15 ,

=
2 2

60
, =
= = 30.
2 2
, (1) = 15 .

3
540 .
% .
% .

. .

540
540 .
100
2

540 540
540 + 540 .
100 100 100
:
540 540 540
540 + 540 =540 540 =540
100 100 100 100
540 (100 ) 540 100 100

= 540
=
= .
100 540 (100 ) 100
4
8 9
.
, 4 3.
4,
4 ( ).
: 88,89,98,99 . 88
4, 88. ,
3, 3.
, =88 ,
3.
, 888 988 . 888
9, 988 25
3.
:
8888,8988,9888,9988 .
8888,9988 32 34 ,
3.
, 8988,9888 ,
8988 .
1
12 2 1
= : 2 = 102 +1 :100 ,
3
:
( ) + 2 2 + 2 2
3 3
=
2 + 10
.
3

12 2 1 12

=
=:2 = : 22 1 4=

: 22 1 22=

: 22 1 2=
2 (2 1)
2.
3 3
= 2 +1
10= :100 10
= 2 +1
2 4,=
:102 10 , = 3 8
( 3 )3 + 2 2 + 2 2 (8 10)3 + 40 20 + 8 8 + 40 20 + 8
= = = 5
2 + 10 4 + 20 20 4
2
=

,
.
C2
.
C2
. = 45 , :
()
,
() .

() = = , .
, :
2
180 45 135

= = = 67,5 .
2 2
,

,
4

=
= 67,5 .
(
= = ),
180 67,5 112,5
=
= = 56, 25
2 2
() .

2
= 45= ,
2

1 2 2 2
( )= 2 = .
2 2 2
3
450
.
20% .
120 .
.
x , . x 4 ,
450
. .
x

20 450 270
3 = .
100 x x

450 270 720
+ = .
x x x
, :
720
> 120 120 x < 720 x < 6.
x
x = x 4= x 5. x = 4
, 450 : 4 . x = 5
720
= 144 .
5
4

= 3a5b = 3 103 + a 102 + 5 10 + b = 5c3d = 5 103 + c 102 + 3 10 + d .

() a, b, c, d , : <
36 45

() , ,
36 45
5
a, b, c, d .
3a5b 3959 3960

() = < < = 110 . 5c3d
36 36 36 36
c = d = 0,
5c3d 5030
= > > 111 .
45 45 45
, a, b, c, d :
3a5b 5c3d
= < 110 < 111 < = .
36 36 45 45
() ,

110 111, < 110 < 111 < .
36 45
,
3a5b 5c3d
109 < 110 < 111 < 112 .
36 45
3a5b > 109 36 3a5b > 3924 ,
a = 9 b 0 9.

5c3d
112 5c3d < 112 45 5c3d < 5040 ,
45
c = 0 d 0 9.
1
x :
( x 2 + x + 1) ( x 1) + 5 x x3 + x + 19 . (1)
2 x 1 23 4 x 21
> (2)
3 9 9
.
:
( x 2 + x + 1) ( x 1) + 5x x3 + x + 19 x3 x 2 + x 2 x + x 1 + 5x x3 + x + 19
x3 1 + 5 x x 3 + x + 19 4 x 20 x 5.
2 x 1 23 4 x 21 5
> 6 x 3 23 > 4 x 21 2 x > 5 x > .
3 9 9 2
5
, < x 5 ,
2
x 3 , 4 5.
6
2
= 1 1=
0 10 + 1 10 1 + ... + 1 10 + 0 ,
2, 8, 8
8.
8 8,
8 8. 8
1,2, 4 8. , 8
, :
1,1,2 4, : 1124, 1142, 1214, 1412, 2114,
4112. = 4112
8.
1,1,2,2,2, : 11222, 12122, 12212, 21122, 21212
22112 =
22112 8.

. 4112 22112.
3
= =30 .
==.
( , )
( , ).
, .
3
,, .
, : .
, : .
,, , (*)
(=).
7
:
( ) ( ).
.
.
(**).

15. 5 , ,
(***).
(*),(**) (***) ,
, .
4
k ,
= 2017 2016 2015 2013 2012 2011 ,
.
n = 2014 : = (n + 3)(n + 2)(n + 1)(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)

= ( n ) k ,
2
( n ) n k .
, :
= (n 2 9)(n 2 4)(n 2 1)= n6 14n 4 + 49n 2 36=
= n 2 (n 4 14n 2 + 49) 36
= n 2 (n 2 7) 2 36
, k = 36 ,
+ 36
= n 2 (n 2 7)=
2
(n3 7 n) 2 ,
. k k = 36 .
.
,
k = 2 , 2 > , . ,
k = 2 .
1

( + 18 ) ( 8 + 1)
2
=
2 2
( + 18 ) ( 8 + 1) = ( + 18 + 8 + 1)( 2 + 18 8 1)
2
= 2 2 2
= ( 2
+ 8 + 19 )( 2 8 + 17 ) = ( + 4 ) + 3 ( 4 ) + 1 .

2

2

( + 4 ) + 3 3 , ,
2
( 4 ) +1 = 1 = 4
2
2
(=)
, = = .
( , ).
, .
3
, .
,
.
=+=+ =,
: ==.
.
: ) = ) ) .
, = =.
, ( )
. (
.
9
3
:
( 2 + 1)( 2 + 3)( 2 + 5)( 2 + 7 ) > 16 + 4
( + 1)( + 2 )( + 3)
(1 )
:
2 + 1 +1
>2 . (1)

,
2 + 1 4 ( + 1)
2
> ( 2 + 1) > 4 ( + 1) 4 2 + 4 + 1 > 4 2 + 4 ,

2

.
(1) + 1 ,
2 + 3 +2
>2 (2)
+1 +1

2 + 5 +3 2 + 7 +4
>2 (3) >2 (4)
+2 +2 +3 +3
(1), (2), (3) (4) , :
( 2 + 1)( 2 + 3)( 2 + 5)( 2 + 7 ) > 16 + 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 16
+4
( + 1)( + 2 )( + 3) +1 + 2 + 3
.
.
(1)
, > 0, :
2 + 1 +1 +1 +1
=
1+ > 2 1 =
2 ,

+1
1. (2), (3) (4),

.
4
- x, y, z , w
:
1 1 1 1
x + w= 2, y + w= 2, z + + w= 2, y + + w= 2 .
x y x z
1 1 1 1
() x + = w + 2 (1), y + = w + 2 (2), z + = 2 w (3), y + = 2 w (4)
x y x z
(1) (2) :
10
1 1 1
= 0 ( x y ) 1 = 0 x = y xy = 1.
x y+
x y xy
1: x = y. (3) (4) :
1 1 1
z + =x + ( z x ) 1 + = 0 x =z xz = 1.
x z zx
x = z , x= y= z (1) (3) :
1
w = 0 x + = 2 w = 0 x =1. ,
x
( x, y, z , w ) = (1,1,1, 0 ) .
xz = 1, x, z , .
2: xy = 1. (4) (3) :
1
z = 0 z 2 1 = 0 z = 1, z 0.
z
(1) (3)
2
x + = 3 x 2 3 x + 2 = 0 x = 1 x = 2.
x
x = 1 , ( x, y, z , w ) = (1,1,1, 0 ) .
1 1
x = 2 , ( x, y, z , w ) = 2, ,1, .
2 2
1
Oxy
y = x 2 , , , ,
= = > 0 .
.
, , xx ,
:
E ( =) E ( ) E ( ) E ( )
2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2
= 2 = ( 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 2 2 )
2 2 2 2
,
= ( 2 + 2 2 2 ) = 2 2 ( 2 2 ) =
2 2
2 2
= ( )( + ) ( )( + ) = ( + ) = 2 = 3
2 2 2
11
5
.

.
1 1 2 2
= E ( ) = det ( , )
2 2 2 2
= ( ) ( 2 2 ) ( 2 2 ) ( )
1
2
1
= ( )( )( + )
2
1 1
= ( )( )( ) = ( )( 2 ) = 3 .
2 2
2
= =45 .
= = .
, .
, .
= = (
).
, : .
( ) :
.
=
1
= 67,5 45 = 22,5 =
2
,
1
=. =,
.
12
6
1 =
= 90
= 45 ( ).
=
2 90 =

45 ( ).
= + = 90 , ,
1 2
3
P ( x ) , :
P (1) 1,=
()= P ( 2 ) 4,=
P ( 3) 9,=
P ( 4 ) 16.
() P ( x ) 10.
P ( 5 ) .
Q= ( x ) P ( x ) x 2 ()
1,2,3 4.
Q ( x ) = P ( x ) x 2 = a ( x 1)( x 2 )( x 3)( x 4 )
P ( x ) = a ( x 1)( x 2 )( x 3)( x 4 ) + x 2
P ( x ) =ax 4 10ax 3 + ( 35a + 1) x 2 50ax + 24a

P (=
5 ) 24a + 25 .
() :
13
a 10, 10a 10, 35a + 1 10, 50a 10, 24a 10
9 1 10 1 9
a 10, a 1, a , a , a a .
35 5 24 5 35
, :
1 9 24 9 24 24 9 24
a 24a + 25 24a + 25 + 25
5 35 5 35 5 35
101 1091 101 1091
24a + 25 P (a) ,
5 35 5 35
101
P ( a )
5
1091
P ( a ) .
35
4
=
147 + 142 + 1 .
n = 14
= n7 + n 2 + 1 . , n 2 + n + 1
:
= n7 + n 2 + 1= n7 n + n 2 + n + 1= n(n6 1) + n 2 + n + 1=
= n(n3 + 1)(n3 1) + n 2 + n +=
1 n(n3 + 1)(n 1)(n 2 + n + 1) + n 2 + n +=
1
= (n 2 + n + 1)(n5 n 4 + n 2 n + 1)
n 2 + n + 1= 142 + 14 + 1= 211 . ,
211 .
14
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66

, 21 2006
1. ( ).
2. ) 3 + 9 + 12 + 15 = 39,
) 5 + 6 + 12 + 15 = 38,
) 6 + 6 + 9 + 15 = 36,
) 10 + 6 + 9 + 12 = 37.
3. (1 ),
.
4.
= 1 + 12 + 13 + ... + 99
1

= /99,
= /100 + 1/10000

= ( 1)/9900 + 1/990000 > 0.
1. x = 10
2. = 33333333334 = 22222222223. = 1 3/ = 1 2/
= 2/ 3/ = (2 3)/ = - 1/. < .
3. ( + )/ 2 .
4. ,
( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )( +)( + )( +)( +)( + )
.
= 1, = 2, = 3, = 4, = 5,
27355272 .
1. , +1, + 2 3
+ 1. + 4 = + 1 + 3 3.
2.
1
+
+ 1
+
= 3
+ 22
.

4 ( + ) 2 ,

3 > 0.
3.
. 3 .
4. .
2 1 4
2 1 = 1 4 2 = 2. 2 , 1 4 .
4 1 = 3, 3 3 . 5 2 = 3,
5 5 1 = 4, 5. = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}.
1. ) , .. = 230330524.
) ., , , 2|.
2|.
4| +2 ( 4 ) 2| + 1 (
6 ) 2|1, . .
2.
( x y 1) 2 + ( y z 1) 2 + ( z w 1) 2 + ( x + w 1) 2 = 0
x = 2, y = 1, z = 0, w = -1.
3. || || = = . = ,
= < = < = 900.
2 + 2 = 2 + 2 = 2 = 2 + 2 = 2 + 2.
4. 1) f(a) = -1, 2 = 0. 2) A f() = 0, f( + 1) = -1. 1).

3) f(x + 1) = (f(x) 1)/(f(x) + 1), f(x + 2) = -1/f(x)
f(x + 4) = -1/f(x + 2) = f(x).
1. f(f(1)) = 1 f(1) = f(f(f(1))) =(f(1))3 2(f(1))2 + 3f(1) 1.

f(1) f(1) = 1. , g(0) = g(1) = 3.
2.
5 / = ( 5 a ) / = (5 2 a 2 ) / ( 5 + a) 1 / ( 5 + a) > 1 / 4
3 > 5 . 3 < 5 ,
5 / > 5 5 / 3 = 2 5 / 3 > 1 > 1 / 4 .
3. 1 2

.
, , 1
2 , .
4. 1, 2, ,
. .
2 > , 2 1, 2, , , 1, 2, ,

{ 1, 2, , } {1, 2, , }, .
i - j . .
5
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

67
" "
, 20 2007

.

, ..

.
42
1. ] ` 2 + 1 42 = {1, 2,3, 6, 7,14, 21, 42} .
2 + 1
2 + 1 :
2 + 1 = 1 2 + 1 = 3 2 + 1 = 7 2 + 1 = 21
= 0 = 1 = 3 = 10 .
n = ,
2.
:
4 + 90D + = 180D 5 = 90D

= 18D

3.
+ + + +
+ = + =
+ + + +
2 2
= 2 ( ) = 0
+
2 = 0 = 0 = 0 = 0.
4.
= xyzxyz = 100000 x + 10000 y + 1000 z + 100 x + 10 y + z
= 100100 x + 10010 y + 1001z
= 1001 (100 x + 10 y + z )
= 7 11 13 xyz.
7,11 13 .

1.
= ( 2 5 ) 22 34 7 2 = 1090 4 81 49 = 15876 1090 .
90
90 6.
2.
x y 6 4x
= = 4 x = 3 y xz = 18 y = xz = 18 .
3 4 z 3
x, z
xz = 18 ( x, z ) = (1,18 ) ( 2,9 ) ( 3, 6 ) ( 6,3) ( 9, 2 ) (18,1) ,
4x
, y = :
3
( x, y, z ) = ( 3, 4, 6 ) ( 6,8,3) ( 9,12, 2 ) (18, 24,1) .
3.
36 3 1 1
( ) = ( ) + ( ) = 6 + 6
4 2 2
+ = 3 3 (1)
K1 M 1
1 1
1 1
KK1 = MK, 1 =
2 2
3 3
1 = , 1 =
2 2
3 9
11 = 1 + 1 = ( + ) = .
2 2
1 1 3 3
1 + 1 = ( MK + M ) = 3 3 = .
2 2 2
1 27 3
( 11 ) = ( 1 + 1 ) 11 = .
2 8
4. ,

1 + 2 + + 15 = 120 > 115 .
,
.

1. (i) < < < <
= , < < .
(ii)
x y = ( + )( + ) ( + )( + ) = +
= ( ) + ( ) = ( )( ) < 0.
x y < 0 x < y .
y z = ( )( ) < 0 .
2. n =
n ,

= . (1)
,
:
, = , n =
n.

n =
n. (2)

(1) (2)
,
=,

.
3. x, y > 0
x3 + y 2 64 x 3 < 64 y 2 < 64 x < 4 y < 8 x 4 < 4 x3 y 3 < 8 y 2 ,

x 4 + y 3 < 4 x 3 + 8 y 2 < 8 ( x3 + y 2 ) 8 64 = 512 .
4. x , y
10 z 100 ,
x + 10 y + 100 z = 50000 x + y + z = 1000 , (1)
:
9 y + 99 z = 49000 9 ( y + 11z ) = 49000 9 49000 ,
, 49000 13
9.

1. :
( x ) = ( x x1 )( x x2 )( x x3 ) . (1)
:
( x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (1 x1 )(1 + x1 )(1 x2 )(1 + x2 )(1 x3 )(1 + x3 )
= (1 x1 )(1 x2 )(1 x3 )(1 + x1 )(1 + x2 )(1 + x3 )
= (1) ( 1 x1 )( 1 x2 )( 1 x3 )
= (1) ( 1) = (1 + + )( 1 + ) = (1 + ) 2 .
2
2.
1
: 2 = = 2R 2 R 2 = 4R 2 = 2R = 2 O.

= 90 ,

=
: O .
, :
OB E
2
= = 2

=

2

n = n = 45D ,
.
2
= = . (1)
2
, 1 , 1 = R ,
,
2 2
2 R = 1 = = 2 .
= 2 (2)
1
2R
2
(2) = , (1) = =
2
= + = 2 .
3.

+
4 4
+ + + + + + 3 + 3 3 + 3
3 3 3 3 3
+
=
+
( ) ( ) = ( ) ,
.
4. = = , + = .

x y
= = x= y = .

S

2 2 2 2
S=x +y = 2 2
+ 2 (1)
2

2 2 + 2 ( )
2
S=
2
2 + 2 2 2 2
= + 2 = f ( ) .

2

S
2
2 2
2 + 2 2
> 0 , = = .
2 2( + 2 )
2
2 + 2
2
2
= = 2 , 0
+ 2
2
S = .
2

2
2 2 + 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
f 2 2
= 2 2
2 2
+ = .
+ 2
+ + 2
+ 2
(1) :
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2
S 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 2 + 2 ( + ) = 2 S 2
2
+ 2
2 2
: Smin = .
2 + 2

2
= = ,
2

2
.
2
1. 150 x = 2, 150 y = 3
1 x y 1 x y
1 x y 1 x y
150 2(1 y ) 150 2(1 y )
A=
3

=
150 y

= (150 )
1 y 2(1 y )
= 150 2
1 x y 1 x y
150 150
= (1501 y ) 2(1 y ) = 150 2 = 1501 x y = x+y
= =
150 150 x 150 y
150
= = 25 = 5.
23
2
150
log150
1 x y 6 log 50 = 1 log 25 = log 5.
log150 A = = log150 50 =
2 (1 y )
150 150 150
150 2
2 log150
3
=5.
2. :
( x ) = ( x x1 )( x x2 )( x x3 ) . (1)
:
( x1 , x2 , x3 ) = ( i x1 )( i x1 )( i x2 )( i x2 )( i x3 )( i x3 )
= ( i x1 )( i x2 )( i x3 )( i x1 )( i x2 )( i x3 )
= (1) ( 1) = ( i + i + )( i i + ) = 2 + ( 1) .
2
2x 2 + 1
3. h ( x ) = ,
3
3x 1 1
3 , x
2 3
h 1 ( x ) =
3 1 3x , x < 1
2 3
1
(1) h 1 ( x ) = h ( x ) x .
3
f , G h 1 , G h
y=x.
2x 3 + 1 2x 3 + 1
y = h ( x ) y= x=
: 3 3
y=x
y=x y=x
3 1 3 + 1 3 1
2x 3 3x + 1 = 0 x 1, , x 1, 1

2 2
2 x .
y=x 3
y=x y = x
3 1
(1) x 1, .
2
2
2x 3 + 1 2x 3 + 1 (2)
y = h ( x ) y = h ( x ) y= y=
3 3

y = h ( x )
1
x = h ( y ) 2y + 1
3
2 3
x= x y = ( y x ) (3)
3
3 3
( 3) x = y 2x 2 + 2yx + 2y 2 + 3 = 0 ( 4) x = y ( 4 )
= (12y 2 + 24 ) < 0, y \ ..

4. C1 ( K, R ) A B
C 2 ( , R ) . .
C1
C2.
I = IB + I .
BI =
= 120 .
IA + IB + I = + .
IA = 2R (R )
IA = A R < A R = KA = R.
2 3 2 2 3
IA + IB + I 3R = 3 = 2 3 , =2 R = = .
3 3 3
A
A
2
=x, IB=y, I=
A
= 30o x = 2
2
BI = 120 y 2 + 2 + y = 4 ( y + ) y = 4 ( y + ) = 4 + y
2 2
y + = 4 + y = 4 + =y.
1
( IB ) = 2 =
2
1 3 3 3
( IB ) = y = , = .
2 2 4 4
3
+ 4+ 2 3, 3 +2 4+ 4 3 .
2
2 2 2 3 8 8
R 3 = 2 R = R > > 8 > 3 > 4 > > .
3 3 4 3 3
2 4 + 3 ( 4 ) , 4 ( 4 + ) 2 ( 4 ) , 3 2 28 + 32 0
2
=188.
30
x
I
120
y

1
2008

1
8x 10 y 1 ,
2008 4 4 x 5 y 48x 60 y.
(1 )
2008 4 4 x 5 y 48 x 60 y
2008 2 2 4 x 5 y 6 8 x 10 y
2008 2 8 x 10 y 6 8 x 10 y 2008 2 1 6 1 2000.

(2 )
2008 4 4 x 5 y 48 x 60 y
2008 16 x 20 y 48 x 60 y
2008 64 x 80 y 2008 8 8 x 10 y 2008 8 1 2000.
2
a 5,
5 .
a ;
,
6 5
a 5 6 5 , 1, 2,3, 4 a 31 25, 1, 2,3, 4.
0 .
1 , a 311 25 56 .
2 , a 31 2 25 87 .
3 , a 31 3 25 118
4 , a 31 4 25 149 .
a : a 118 a 149.
3

ABC
C D
AB .
CD CE AB.
AB B
BF AB . B C
)
.
. E
F
2
) AFED
ABC ;
) ABCD BFEC ,
. ,
AD BC FE . ABC, BFE, BEC ACD .
K
B C
E
F

ABC ACD
ABCD BC.
BFE, BEC . , AK BC
FE , ABK BF ,
ABK BF ( BC, EF
BF ). = B
ABC, BFE, BEC ACD ,
.
() AFED ABC ACD BFE BEC 4 ABC
ABC 1
ABC .
AFED 4 ABC 4
4
() ababab ,
a, b , 3.
() ababab ,
a, b , 5 9.
()
a b a b a b 3 a 3 b 3 a b ,
3, 3.
() 5, b
0 5. :
3
b 0, 3 a 0 3 a .
9, 3 a 9. a
0, a 3,6,9 ,
303030 =606060 909090.
b 5 , 3 a 5
9, a 5 3,6,9,12 , 1 a 9
a 1, 4,7 . =151515 =454545
=757575.

1.
12b 26a 1,
5
24b 52a 72b 156a .
2 1
12
5
24b 52a 72b 156a
2 1
12
5 2 1
2 12b 26a 6 12b 26a
12
2
5 5 1 1 5 1 1
2 1 6 1 0.
2 1
12 12 2 6 12 4 6
2.

3000 .

. 12
, 10
1
2 .
2
;
1
12 2 8 .
2
x, y z , ,
,
x y z
,
12 10 8
x 12, y 10, z 8
x y z 3000 12 10 8 3000 100 .
:
4
x
100 x 12 100 1200 , ,
12
3600 .
y
100 y 12 100 1000 , ,
10
3000 .
z
100 z 8 100 800 , ,
8
2400 .
3
C
BC
AB 2 7 AC 6 .
)
.
O
)
ABC
D
BC . A
) E
Ex
B

ABC ,

Ex 2
.
E 3
) A 90 , :

2
BC 2 AB 2 AC 2 62 2 7 36 4 7 64 .
BC 8 .
8
) AO , AO 4.
2
AD
ABC :
AB AC BC AD 12 7 3 7
ABC 8 AD 6 2 7 AD .
2 2 8 2
) E R2 42 16 .
ABC
62 7
Ex E ABC 16 16 6 7 ,
2
Ex 2 16 6 7 2
48 18 7 32 16 18 7
E 3 16 3 .
567
8 9 7 64 81 7
2 2
,
64
5
567
, 2 3,142 32 9 , 9.
64
4
abc , a, b, c
a 0. ,
396. ,
41 50 .
.

abc 100a 10b c ,
cba 100c 10b a ,
:
396 99 a c 396 a c 4
c a 4. (1)

41 50 a b c 100a 10b c 41 50a 50b 50c
50a 40b 49c 41,
, (1),
50a 40b 49 a 4 41 a 40b 155. (2)
a ,
156 164
1 a 9 1 40b 155 9 156 40b 164 b ,
40 40
b 4 . (1) (2) a 5 c 1.
=541.

1
()
K x y x y 6 x2 y y3 .
3 3
()
2000043 1999963 24 2000002 64
.

()
x y x y 6x2 y y3
3 3
x3 3x 2 y 3xy 2 y 3 x3 3x 2 y 3xy 2 y 3 6 x 2 y y 3
x3 3x 2 y 3xy 2 y 3 x3 3x 2 y 3xy 2 y 3 6 x 2 y y 3
y3.
()
6
2000043 1999963 24 2000002 64

200000 4 200000 4 6 2000002 4 43 ,
3 3
, x 200000 y 4 ,
y3 43 .
2
a, b
a2 b2 2a 2b ab 4 ,

2x a x b x3 0 .
3 3

a 2 b 2 2a 2b ab 4 a 2 b 2 22 ab 2a 2b 0
1
a b b 2 2 a 0
2 2 2
2
a b b 2 2 a 0 a b 2.

2x a x b x3 0 2 x 2 x 2 x3 0
3 3 3 3
2x 2 2 x x 0
3 3 3
3 2 x 2 2 x x 0,
2 x 2 2 x x 0,
.
, .

2 x 2 2 x x 0 2 x 2 0 2 x 0 x 0 x 1 x 2 x 0.
3
2 .
:

.
( = B = ), 45 .

90 180
225 180 ,
, .
,
( ).
.
,
= . = ,
. (1)
.
,

. (2)

,
, (1) (2)
.
4
x, y, z x 0, y 1 0, z 2 0 x y z 3 ,

x y 1 y 1 z 2 x z 2
3.
x y 1 y z 3 xz2
x, y, z ;

,
a b 4ab, , a, b ,
2
(1)
, a b 0 .
2
a b. a, b , (1)
ab ab
, (2)
ab 4
a b.
(2) a x, b y 1
x y 1 x y 1
(3)
x y 1 4

y 1 z 2 y z 3 , (4)
y z 3 4
x z 2 x z 2
. (5)
xz2 4
(3), (4) (5)
8
x y 1 y 1 z 2 x z 2 2( x y z ) 6

x y 1 y z 3 xz2 4
x y 1 y 1 z 2 x z 2 2 3 6
3.
x y 1 y z 3 xz2 4
x y 1 z 2 , x y z 3
x x 1 x 2 3 3x 6 x 2 y 1, z 0.

1

x 2 2 3 3x 2 .
(1 )

2
3x 2 0 x .
3
,

x 2 9 3x 2 x 4 4 x 2 27 x 22 0 .
2 2
(1)
(1) : 1, -1, 2, -2, 11, -11, 22, -22.
1
Horner
x 1 x3 x2 5x 22 0.
Horner x 2 ,
x3 x2 5x 22
x 1 x 2 x 2 3x 11 0
x 1 x 2 x 2 3x 11 0
x 1 x 2,
x 3x 11 0 35 0 .
2
2
2
x .
3
2
y 3x 2, x .
3

y 0 y 2 3x 2 ,

x2 2 3 y .

x 2 3 y 2 2
2 x y 0 .
y 3x 2 3
9

x 2 y 2 3 y x x y x y 3 0
x y 0 x y 3 0 x y x y 3.
2
x y 3 x y 0 .
3
x y
x2 3x 2 x2 3x 2 0 x 1 x 2.
2
n
. 3 ,
2 1 .
364 ,
n .
n .
1 n -1 , n -1 .
2 n - 2 , n - 2 .
3 n - 3 , n - 3 .
..........................................................................................................................................
(n-1) 1 , 1 .
:
1 2 3 (n 1) . (1)

1 2 ... n 2 n 1
n 1 n 2 ... 2 1
,
2 n 1 n 1 1 n 1 n
n 1 n .
2

( ) 4 .
:
364
= 91 . (2)
4
(1) (2) :
(n -1)n (n -1)n (n -1)n 13 14
91 7 13 n 14 .
2 2 2 2
14 .
3.
x, y, z
x2 y 2 z 2 2 x 4 y 6 z 13 0 ,
m :
x y z m 0.
10
x2 y 2 z 2 2 x 4 y 6 z 13 0 x2 2 x 1 y 2 4 y 4 z 2 6 z 9 1
( x 1)2 ( y 2)2 ( z 3)2 1
a x 1 , y 2 z 3 ,
2 2 2 1.

3( 2 2 2 ) ( )2 ,
2 2 2 .
.

( )2 3 1 3 x y z 6 3
- 3 x y z 6 3 3 - 3 x y z 6- 3 0.
3
x 1 y 2 z 3 ,
3
m 6 - 3 .
4
90 , 2 .
(i) : .
(ii)
.
(iii) ,
.
(i)

2 2 1 2 2 , 5 2 2 5 ,

1 2 2 2 5 2 2 1 5
8 6 2 5 1 5, .
11
(ii)
,
. (1)
,
, =
. (2)
,
,
.
+
.
(iii) 2 , ,
.
, .
, = = .

, :
2
.
3 3
:
1 1 2 4 2
2 2 2 .
2 2 3 3

2 4
2
3 3

2 2 1 2 1 2 4
2 2 3 2 3
2
42
4 2
3 2 .
3 3 3

1 z Re( z), Im( z) 0
6 z 4 5z 2 6
,
3z 4 z 2 3
| z | 1 .
(1 )

6 z 4 5z 2 6
w ,
3z 4 z 2 3

6 z 4 5z 2 6 6 z 4 5z 2 6
ww ,
3z 4 z 2 3 3z 4 z 2 3
12
zz z
2

z 1 z
4 2
z 2 0 z 1,
Re( z), Im( z) 0 z 2 z 2 0 .
(2 )
,
6 z 4 5z 2 6 3z 2
2 4 2
3z 4 z 2 3 3z z 3

3z 2 3z 4 z 2 3 1 1 1
z 2 2 z 2 2 .
3z z 3
4 2
3z 2
z 3 z

1 1 1
z 2 2 z 2 2 z 2 z 2 2 2 0 z 2 z 2 1 4 0.
1 1
z z z z |z|
, Re( z), Im( z) 0 z 2 z 2 0 ,
z 1 z 1.
4
2

x3 3xy y 3 1
3 2
()
x x y y
2 3
x3 3xy y3 1
x3 y3 1 3xy(1) ,
3
Euler
x y 1 0 x y 1.

x y 1 x y 1
() 3 3 2 2
.
x x y y x x y y
2 3 2 1 2 3
2 x, y 1, 1 ,
x y 1 x y 1
1
x y x y 0 x y x xy y x y 0
3 3 2 2 2 2
x y 1 x y 1
2
x y 0 x xy y x y 0
2
1 1 x y 1
x, y ,
2 2 x y xy x y 0
2
1 1 x y 1
x, y ,
1 1
x, y , x, y 1, 0 x, y 0,1 .
2 2 xy 0 2 2
13
3
, :
1 - 2 1 , .

.
1 2 1 , 1, 2,,( 1)
:
1 2 1 2 1 1
2 3 2 2 2 1
..........................
1 : 1 2( 1) 1.
1 2 1 2 3 ( 1) 1
( 1)
1 2 1 1 ( 1) 1
2
2 1 1 . (1)
2 , 1 a1 . (2)
:
m m1 m2 (m 1)2 m2 (m2 2m 1
m4 2m3 m2 m2 m2 2m 2
m m 2 m m2 m .
2
m 4
m2 2 2
m3 2m2 2
4
. ,
, ,
, , .
x ( ) , y ( ) z ( ) , :
x4 y4 z4 2x2 y2 2x2 z2 2 y2 z2 .

. ( ) ( ) .

. (1)
(1) :
1 1

2 2
() (). (2)
14
( 1 ) :
1 1

2 2
() () (3)
(2) (3) :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) , :
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) .
;
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) .
x ( ) , y ( ) z ( ) ,
, :
0 x y z , 0 y x z 0 z x y . (4)
:
x4 y4 z4 2x2 y2 2x2 z2 2 y2 z2
x 4 y 4 z 4 2 x 2 y 2 2 y 2 z 2 2 x 2 z 2 ( 2 xz )2 0
x 2
z2 y2 ( 2 xz ) 0
2 2
x 2
z 2 2 xz y 2 x z 2 xz y 0
2 2 2
( x z )
y2 2
( x z ) y 0
2 2
x y z x z y x y z x y z 0
x y z x z y x y z y z x 0 ,
, (4).
. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025 Tel. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025

69

, 17 2009
B
1.
4 x 5 y = 10 ,
= ( 4 x + 5 y ) 36 x + 35 y + ( 8 : 4 2 ) .
2

:
= ( 4 x + 5 y ) 36 x + 35 y + ( 8 : 4 2 )
2
= 4 x + 5 y 36 x + 35 y + ( 2 2 )
2
= 32 x + 40 y + 02 = 8 ( 4 x 5 y ) + 0 = 8 10 = 80.
2
= 3x 2, = x + 12 = 2 x + 8, x 2 .
x . x
;

, :
= = =
3 x 2 = x + 12 3x 2 = 2 x + 8 2 x + 8 = x + 12
2 x = 14 x = 10 x = 4 x = 7 x = 10 x = 4.
x
= = , .
3
= = , -
. 20% 30%,
.

= . -
:
20 2 12 30 3 13
= + = + = = + =+ = .
100 10 10 100 10 10
:
12 13 156 56 56
= = = + =+
10 10 100 100 100
56 56
= = .
100 100
56% .
4

( > )

. -
.
() , , , , ,
,
.
() .
() = 2 = 200 ,
+
+ = 1800 2 + + 200 = 1800 4 = 2000 = 500 .
= 1000 = 300 .
, ( ,
),
, = = . .

= = 500 , = = 300 ,
= 1800 2 500 = 800
= 1800 2 300 = 1200 .
() :
= 90D (1)
:
=
= 1800 = 1800 500 500 = 800 .
(2)
(1) (2) :
= 90D 800 = 100 .

1
1
a + 2b = ,
2
3
2 4 4
= (16a + 32b ) ( 32a + 64b )
2 3
+ : 3 .
3

3
2 4
= (16a + 32b ) ( 32a + 64b )
2 3
+ : 34
3
3
1 1 3 4 1
= + 4
162 ( a + 2b ) 323 ( a + 2b )
2 3
2 3
3
1 1 34 1
= 2
3
+ 24 34
4 21 5 31
( 2 ) 2 ( 2 ) 2
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
= 8 2 153 + 43 = 6 12 + 12 = 6 = .
2 2 2 2 2 2 2 64
2
x, y
20
x2 + 4 y 2 = xy ,
3

x + 2y
= .
x 2y

20
x 2 + 4 y 2 = xy :
3
20 32
xy + 4 xy ( x + 2 y ) =
2
x2 + 4 y 2 + 2 x 2 y = xy,
3 3
20 8
xy 4 xy ( x 2 y ) = xy > 0,
2
x2 + 4 y 2 2 x 2 y =
3 3
:
32
xy
( )
2
x + 2 y 3
=2
= = 4 = 2 = 2.
( x 2 y ) 8 xy
2
3

20
x 2 + 4 y 2 = xy y 2
3
x
u = :
y
2 2
x 20 x 20 10 64
+ 4 = 0 u u + 4 = 0 u =0
2
y 3 y 3 3 9
10 8 10 8 2
u = u = u=6 u= .
3 3 3 3 3
x 6y + 2y
u = = 6 x = 6 y , : = = 2.
y 6y 2y
x 2 x + 3x
u = = 3x = 2 y , : = = 2.
y 3 x 3x
3
n = ab = 10a + b, a, b , a 0 ,
:

, .

:
ab + 4 ( a + b ) = 10a + b ,
a, b , a 0 . :
ab + 4a + 4b = 10a + b ab 6a + 3b = 0
a ( b 6 ) + 3 ( b 6 ) = 18 ( a + 3)( b 6 ) = 18
( a + 3)( 6 b ) = 18.
, 4 a + 3 12 , :
( a + 3, 6 b ) = ( 6,3) ( 9, 2 )
( a, b ) = ( 3,3) ( 6, 4 ) ,
33 64.
4

. ,
> . .
.

.
, = 90D . : = 90D .
+

=
, (1)
.

=
= = ,
,
.
=
, (2)
.
(1) (2) :
+
= + = 1800
= 1800 90D = 90D ,
.
,
, .

1

m nm
2 1 1 m+ n
x y2 y + x y
=
,
n mn
2 1 1 m+ n
y 2 x x
x y
m, n x, y xy 0, xy 1 xy 1.

m nm m nm
2 1 1 m+ n x 2 y 2 1 xy + 1 m+ n
x 2
y + y 2 y
y x y x
= n mn
= n mn
2 1 1 x y 1 xy 1
2 2
m+ n
y 2 x x 2 x m+ n
x y x y
(x y 2 1)
mn
( xy + 1) y mn y m+ n
nm
2
x2n
=
( xy 1) x nm x
mn m+n
y 2m
( xy + 1) ( xy 1) ( xy + 1)
mn mn nm
= x 2 n 2 n y 2 m 2 m = 1.
( xy 1)
mn
2
, :
= + 3 2 + 2 3 + 2 2 2 = 37 .

= + 0 :
= + = ( + )
2 2
2 2 + 2 = 2 + 2 + 2
= ( 0 0 ) ( 0 0 ) .
:
3 2 + 2 3 + 2 2 2 = 37 2 2 ( + + 2 ) ( + + 2 ) = 35
( + + 2 ) ( 2 2 1) = 35,
2 2 1 35, :
2 2 1 = 1 2 2 1 = 5 2 2 1 = 7 2 2 1 = 35
2 2 = 2 2 2 = 0 2 2 = 6 2 2 = 4 2 2 = 8
2 2 = 6 2 2 = 36 2 2 = 34.
, , ] 2 2 0 , :
2 2 = 0 , ( , ) = ( 0, 37 ) ( , ) = ( 37, 0 ) .
2 2 = 36 = 6 ( , ), :
+ = 1
( , ) = ( 3, 2 ) ( , ) = ( 2, 3) .
= 6
3
3 .
= = .
. , :
() :
() .

() ( = = 3 ,
Z = = ). Z =
. ,
:
+
= +
= 1800 90D = 90D.
= 1800
,
.

.

()
1 5
( ) = =
2 2
3 2 7 2
( ) = ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) = 9 2 3 2 2 = ,
2 2
7 5
: = .
5
4
abc = 100a + 10b + c , a, b, c , a > 0 ,
:
abc = ( a + b 2 + c3 )
2

100 abc = ( a + b 2 + c3 ) < 1000 :
2
10 a + b 2 + c 3 31 , (1)
(1) , a {1, 2,...,9} b, c {0,1, 2,...,9} , :
c {0,1, 2,3} b {0,1, 2,3, 4,5} . (2)
:
abc = ( a + b 2 + c 3 ) 100a + 10b + c = ( a + b 2 + c 3 ) .
2 2
(3)
:
c = 0 (3) :
100a + 10b = ( a + b 2 ) ,
2
(4)
b {0,1, 2,3, 4,5} a, b .
, a, b (4)
a + b 2 0.
( a, b ) = ( 9,1) ( 6, 2 ) (1,3) ( 4, 4 ) ( 5,5 ) ,
(4).
c = 1 (3) :
100a + 10b + 1 = ( a + b 2 + 1) ,
2
a + b 2 + 1 1 9.

( a, b ) = ( 8, 0 ) ( 7,1) ( 9,1) ( 4, 2 ) ( 6, 2 ) (1,3)
( 9,3) ( 2, 4 ) ( 4, 4 ) ( 3,5 ) ( 5,5 ) ,
( a, b ) = ( 4, 4 ) abc = 441 .
c = 2 (3) :
100a + 10b + 2 = ( a + b 2 + 2 ) ,
2
, -
2.
c = 3 (3) :
100a + 10b + 3 = ( a + b 2 + 3) ,
2
, -
3.

1
a
x 2 + 4 y 2 = 4a 2
ax y = 2a
.
a .

x 2 + 4 y 2 = 4a 2 y = ax 2a y = ax 2a
2 2
.
x + 4 ( ax 2a ) = 4a (1 + 4a ) x 16a x + 12a = 0
2 2 2 2 2
ax y = 2a
, , , (1 + 4a 2 ) x 2 16a 2 x + 12a 2 = 0 -
, , , , :
3 3
= 16a 2 ( 4a 2 3) = 0 a = 0 a = a= .
2 2
a = 0 , ( x, y ) = ( 0, 0 ) .
3
a = (1 + 4a 2 ) x 2 16a 2 x + 12a 2 = 0 4 x 2 12 x + 9 = 0 -
2
3 3 3
x = , ( x, y ) = , ,
2 2 4
3 3 3 3
a = ( x, y ) = , , a = .
2 2 4 2
2
S1 = x + y + z S2 = xy + yz + zx , x, y, z \

x2 ( y + z ) + y 2 ( z + x ) + z 2 ( x + y ) = 6 .
() : 3xyz = S1S2 6 .
() x, y, z , S1 = 3 S 2 = 2 .

()
x 2 ( y + z ) + y 2 ( z + x ) + z 2 ( x + y ) = 6 x ( xy + xz ) + y ( yz + yx ) + z ( zx + zy ) = 6
x ( S2 yz ) + y ( S 2 zx ) + z ( S 2 xy ) = 6
( x + y + z ) S 2 3xyz = 6 3xyz = S1S 2 6.
() S1 = 3 S 2 = 2 :
x+ y+z =3 x+ y+z =3

xy + yz + zx = 2 xy + yz + zx = 2 ,
xyz = 0
x = 0 y = 0 z = 0

( x, y, z ) = ( 2,1, 0 ) (1, 2, 0 ) ( 2, 0,1) (1, 0, 2 ) ( 0, 2,1) ( 0,1, 2 ) .
3
= 90D . , ,
1 2 3
, , , ,
3 = 1 2 .
1 2

1 3 ,
2 3 .
+
3 = 1800 = 180 45 = 135
0 D D
2

= 135D = 135D .
1 3

1 3 = 3 1 = 3 2 = 3 2 = 450 ,
1350 . 3 , 3 1 3 2
, 3 1 2 .
3 2 1 , 3 = 1
= , . =
1 2 3 3 1 2
4.
k , 1 < k < 30
P ( x ) , :
( x k ) P ( 3x ) = k ( x 1) P ( x ) , x \ .

P ( x ) = an x n + an 1 x n 1 + ... + a1 x + a0 , an 0, n 1 . -

,
3n an = kan k = 3n.
1 < k < 30 n n = 1 n = 2 n = 3 .
:
( x 3n ) P ( 3x ) = 3n ( x 1) P ( x ) , x \ . (1)
n = 1 (1) ( x 3) P ( 3 x ) = 3 ( x 1) P ( x ) , x \ ,
x = 1 P ( 3) = 0 . P ( x ) = a1 ( x 3) .
n = 2 (1) ( x 32 ) P ( 3x ) = 32 ( x 1) P ( x ) , x \ ,
P ( 3) = 0 P ( 9 ) = 0 . P ( x ) = a2 ( x 3)( x 9 ) .
n = 3 (1) ( x 33 ) P ( 3x ) = 33 ( x 1) P ( x ) , x \ ,
P ( 3) = 0 , P ( 9 ) = 0 P ( 27 ) = 0 . P ( x ) = a3 ( x 3)( x 9 )( x 27 ) .

1
m
f ( x ) = 3 x + 6 , g ( x ) = mx, m \
x 3.
y = mx
( 2, 0 )
y = mx, y = 3x + 6
6 6m
, , :
m+3 m+3
1 6m 6m 6m
E ( ) = 2 =3 =3 = 3 m = 3 m = 1.
2 3+ m 3+ m 3+ m
2
H O AB.
, , , .
1 , 1 1 : 1 = , 1 = 1 = , > 1. .
C 1 H
1 2 . , C ( 1 , 1 ) C ( 1 , 1 ) B1 , B2
1 , 2 , . 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1
2 .

. , ,
, ,
. 111 ,
1 = , 1 = 1 = .
11 C C . 11
, .
,
, , .
, , C , C C , C , -
, , , , , -
.
C C , :
= 1 2 = 1 2 ,
1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , -
1 2 1 2 .
, 1 , 2 , 1 , 2 , 1
2 .
3
k P ( x ) , n
, , :
( x k ) P ( 3x ) = k ( x 1) P ( x ) , x \ .

P ( x ) = an x n + an 1 x n 1 + ... + a1 x + a0 , an 0, n 1 , . -

,
3n an = kan k = 3n.
:
( x 3n ) P ( 3x ) = 3n ( x 1) P ( x ) , n 1, x \ . (1)
(1) x = 1 P ( 3) = 0 , x = 3
P ( 32 ) = 0 . P ( 3k ) = 0, k = 3,...n 1 .
(1) x = 3n :
0 = 3n ( 3n 1) P ( 3n ) = 0 P ( 3n ) = 0.
n n 3k , k = 1, 2,..., n ,
P ( x ) = an ( x 3) ( x 32 ) ( x 3n ) , an \.
. 4
f : \ \ , -
( f (\) = \ ) . x, y
:
f ( f ( f ( x) ) f ( y ) ) = f ( x) f ( f ( y ) ) , (1)
f , .

y f ( x ) :
f ( f ( f ( x )) f ( f ( x ))) = f ( x ) f ( f ( f ( x )))
f (0) = f ( x) f ( f ( f ( x) ) )
f ( f ( f ( x) ) ) = f ( x) f (0)
( f D f D f ) ( x) = f ( x) f (0) (2) .
(2)
( f D f D f D f )( x ) = f ( f ( x ) f ( 0 ))
,
( f D f D f D f )( x ) = f ( f ( x )) f ( 0 )
:
f ( f ( x ) f ( 0 )) = f ( f ( x )) f ( 0 ) . (3)
(3) x = 0 :
f ( f ( 0 ) f ( 0 )) = f ( f ( 0 )) f ( 0 )
f (0) = f ( f (0) ) f (0)
f ( f (0) ) = 2 f (0) (4).
(1) x = y = 0 (4), :
f ( f ( f ( 0 )) f ( 0 )) = f ( 0 ) f ( f ( 0 ))
f ( 2 f (0) f (0) ) = f (0) 2 f (0)
f ( f (0) ) = f (0) (5).
(4) (5) : f ( 0 ) = 0 .
(1) x = 0 :
f ( f ( f ( 0 )) f ( y )) = f ( 0 ) f ( f ( y ))
f ( f ( y) ) = f ( f ( y) ) .
f \ , x \
y \ , f ( y ) = x .
f ( x ) = f ( x ) , x \ , f .
. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025 Tel. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025

70

, 23 2010
B
1
()
= 2010 2009 2008 + 2010 2008 .
()
3 1 2 2 1 1 1 20
= 22 : = 2 +
8 2 3 3 2 11 3 9

() :
= 2010 2009 2008 + 2010 2008 = 2010 + 2008 ( 2010 2009 )
= 2010 + 2008 1 = 2010 + 2008 = 4018.
()
3 1 2 2 3 1 3 2 3 3 2 3 48 9 8 3 31 31
= 22 : = 4 = 4 = = =
8 2 3 3 8 2 2 3 8 4 3 8 12 8 12 32
1 1 1 20 9 1 20 9 21 21
= 2 + = + = = .
2 11 3 9 22 9 9 22 9 22
:
31 21 31 22 32 21 682 672 10
= = = = >0,
32 22 32 22 32 22 32 22
> .
2
x = = 100 + 10 + , 0, 10.
, -
x 297. x ;

y = 100 + 10 + , , :
x y = 297 (100 + 10 + ) (100 + 10 + ) = 297
99 ( ) = 297 = 3.
:
= 3, = 0 = 4, = 1 = 5, = 2 = 6, = 3 = 7, = 4 = 8, = 5 = 9, = 6 .
+ + = 10 , x = :
370, 451, 532, 613.
3
= x = y ,
. 25%,
, .
25 x 125 x 5 x
25% x1 = x + = = .
100 100 4
% ,
. :
y (100 ) y (100 ) 2 x
y1 = y = = ,
100 100 100

5 x (100 ) 2 x 100
xy = x1 y1 x 2 x = 2x2 = 2x2
4 100 80
100 100
1 2x = 0 1
2
= 0 ( x 0)
80 80
80 100 + = 0 = 20.
20%.
4.

. , -
. .

3
1
2
1

1
= = , :
= (1)
1
& :
=
= + = 60D + ,
1 2 3 3 (2)
60D .
= =, = = ,
:
= 1800 2 = ,
1 = 1800 2 (3)
3
,

+ = 1800 + +
= 1800 ( (1) )
1 1
( )
1 + 2 60D + 1 = 1800 ( (2))
3 1 + 1200 = 1800 1 = 200.
:
= 180 20 = 800 , =
0 0
= = 1800 800 = 1000.
= 800
2

1

= ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) , .
2 3 4

24, .

3 4

(3
)
= ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) + ( 1) = ( 1) + 1 + ( 1) + 1
2

4 ,
= 2 + 2 ( 1) =

0, .
24, :
0 , .
= 4 , ,
24, :
4 {2, 4, 6,8,12, 24} , ,
1 3
,1, , 2,3, 6 , ,
2 2
= 2 = 6.
2 6.
2
N = ab = 10a + b, a , b a 0 , -
;
N = ab = 10a + b, a , b a 0 , -

10a + b = ab ( a + b ) 11a = ab 2b (11 b ) a = 2b.
, (11 b ) a -
, . -
.
3
:
S = 12 22 32 + 42 + 52 62 7 2 + 82 + + 997 2 9982 9992 + 10002 .
S 250
S k = ( 4k + 1) ( 4k + 2 ) ( 4k + 3) + ( 4k + 4 ) , k = 0,1, 2,3,..., 249 .
2 2 2 2

S k = ( 4k + 1) ( 4k + 2 ) ( 4k + 3) + ( 4k + 4 )
2 2 2 2
= 16k 2 + 8k + 1 16k 2 16k 4 16k 2 24k 9 + 16k 2 + 32k + 16

= 4, k = 0,1, 2,3,..., 249.

S = S0 + S1 + ... + S249 = 4 + 4 + ...4 = 250 4 = 1000
4
: =
= 90D , ,
, = =
= 300 .
(i) .
(ii) .
(i) .
= ( )
= +
= 2 ,
:
90D + 2 + 300 = 1800 = 300
(ii) ,
.
.
= = 300 -
=
2
:

3 3 1
= 300 = = = 300 = = .
2 2 4 2 2 4
, -
= = 300 ,

300 , = -
4
3
= .
4
= 300 ), = =
=
(
2
3
= + = + = .
4 2 4
, = 90D , = 300 = , :
2
/2 3
= = = = ,
30 0
3/2 3 3

3 3 7 3
= + = + = .
4 3 12
, = 90D :
2
7 3 3 2 57
= + = 2
+ =
2
.
12 4 6

1
(i) , = 3 .
( )
2
(ii) = 1 + 3 .
(i) = 0 = 0, . 0 . = 3 ,

= 3 , , , .

, = 0 .
( )
2
(ii) = 1 + 3 = 4 + 2 3 . , 4 = 2 3
, , , (i).
2

x +1 2 x = x ,
, \ , .
;
x -
:
(i) x 0 .
x = x :
x + 1 2 x = x, x 0 ( + 1) x = 1, x 0
1
x = , > 1
+1
, 1.
(ii) x < 0 .
x = x :
x + 1 + 2 x = x, x < 0 ( 3) x = 1, x < 0
1
x = , < 3
3
, 3.
, \ ,
. 2 , : 1 < < 3 .
1 1
, 1 < < 3 x1 = < 0 x2 = > 0
3 +1
.
3
ABC C (O, R) A1 , B1 , C1
A, B, C . BC , AC , AB
A2 , B2 , C2 (1 ) A1 , A2 , ( 2 )
B1 , B2 ( 3 ) C1 , C2 .
(1 ) A (1 ) , ( 2 )
B ( 2 ) (3 )
C ( 3 ) . (1 ) , ( 2 ) ( 3 )
( ), , , (1 ) , ( 2 ) (3 ) -
(1 ) (1 ) O
ABC , O AA1 .
( 2 ) ( 2 ) O
ABC , O BB1 .
( 3 ) (3 ) O
ABC , O CC1 .
, 1800 -
, , O . -
, (1 ) , ( 2 ) ( 3 ) , K , , , -
(1 ), ( 2 ) (3 ) K , K
O .
K ABC , , ,
A2 , B2 ,C 2 BC , AC , AB .
:
,

4
x, y z :
x3 y 3 = 26 z 3
x 2 y xy 2 = 6 z 3 .
() x, y z .
() x + 2 y + 3z = 8 , x, y z .
3 , -
( x y ) = 8z3 x y = 2z .
3
(1)
:
2 zxy = 6 z 3 , (2)
:
(i) z 0 .
(2)
xy = 3 z 2 , (3)
(1) (3),
x ( x 2 z ) = 3 z 2 x 2 2 zx 3 z 2 = 0 x = 3 z x = z ,

x = 3z , y = z x = z , y = 3z .
(ii) z = 0 :
( x y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) = 0
x y = 0 x = y = 0,
xy ( x y ) = 0
:
x = y, z .
() x = 3z , y = z x + 2 y + 3 z = 8 8 z = 8 z = 1 ,
( x, y, z ) = ( 3,1,1) , x = z, y = 3z , 4z = 8 z = 2,
( x, y, z ) = ( 2, 6, 2 ) .
z = 0 , x = y , x + 2 y + 3 z = 8
( x, y, z ) = , , 0 .
8 8
3 3

1
( x, y, z ) -
:
x3 + y 3 = 65 z 3
x 2 y + xy 2 = 20 z 3
x y + 2 z = 10.
3 , -

( x + y ) = 125 z 3 x + y = 5 z .
3
(1)

5 zxy = 20 z 3 , (2)
:
(i) z 0 .
(2) :
xy = 4 z 2 . (3)
(1) (3),
x ( 5 z x ) = 4 z 2 x 2 5 zx + 4 z 2 = 0 x = 4 z x = z ,

x = 4 z, y = z x = z, y = 4 z .
x = 4 z , y = z 5 z = 10 z = 2 ,
( x, y, z ) = ( 8, 2, 2) , x = z, y = 4z z = 10 z = 10,
( x, y, z ) = ( 10, 40, 10 ) .
(ii) z = 0 :
( x + y ) ( x 2 xy + y 2 ) = 0
x + y = 0 x = y = 0 x = y ,
xy ( x + y ) = 0
( x, y, z ) = ( 5, 5, 0 ) .
2
ABC , K
AH1 , BH 2 , CH 3 . AH 2 H 3
AK K1 , BH1 H 3
BK K 2 CH1 H 2
CK K 3 . K1 , K 2 , K 3 , H K ( -
), H ABC .
(c1 ) AH 2 H 3 , (c 2 )
BH 1 H 3 (c3 ) CH 1 H 2 .
AH 2 HH 3 , (c1 ) H .
BH 1 HH 3 , (c 2 ) H .
CH 1 HH 2 , (c3 ) H .
, (c1 ) , (c 2 ) (c3 ) H
ABC .
(c1 ) AH , HK 1 AK 1 , K 1
HK .
K 2 , K 3 , .
3

x 2 + x + 1 2 x = x, \,
\ \ .
;
x , :
(i) x 0 .
:
x 2 + x + 1 2 x = x, \ x 2 ( + 1) x + 1 = 0, \, (1)
= ( + 1) 4 = ( 1)( + 3) . (1)
2
, 3 1 . P = 1 > 0
, S = + 1 > 0 > 1 .
:
> 1 , (1) \ .
= 1 , (1) x = 1 \ .
< 1 , (1) \ .
(ii) x < 0 .
:
x 2 + x + 1 + 2 x = x, \ x 2 ( 3) x + 1 = 0, \, (2)
= ( 3) 4 = ( 5 )( 1) . (2)
2
1 5 . P = 1 > 0 -
, S = 3 < 0 < 3 .
:
< 1 , (2) \
= 1 , (2) x = 1 \ .
> 1 , (2) \ .
(1) (2) , \ ,
, = 1 .
4

2 x 2 + 3x + 2 2 x 2 + x + 1 = x + 1 .
: 2 x 2 + 3x + 2 > 0 x 2 + x + 1 > 0, x \ .
a = 2 x 2 + 3x + 2, b = x 2 + x + 1, x \ , :
a 2 b 2 = ( 2 x 2 + 3 x + 2 ) ( x 2 + x + 1) = x 2 + 2 x + 1 = ( x + 1) ,
2
a, b ,
a 2 b 2 = ( a 2b ) 4ab 5b 2 = 0 b ( 4a 5b ) = 0 4a = 5b,
2
b 0 .
4 2 x 2 + 3x + 2 = 5 x 2 + x + 1 ,
, x \ ,
16 ( 2 x 2 + 3 x + 2 ) = 25 ( x 2 + x + 1)
23 3 37
7 x 2 + 23 x + 7 = 0 x = .
14
23 + 3 37
x = , -
14
23 3 37
x = .
14
a 2b < 0 x \ , x < 1.

1
an , n `* ,
an +1 = an + kn, n `* ,
k a1 = 1 . k 2011
an , n `* .
.

a1 = 1
a2 = a1 + k
a3 = a2 + 2k
.....................
an 1 = an 2 + ( n 2 ) k
an = an 1 + ( n 1) k

k ( n 1) n
an = 1 + k (1 + 2 + ... + n 1) = 1 + k (1 + 2 + ... + n 1) = 1 + .
2
, k n :
k ( n 1) n
an = 1 + = 2011 k ( n 1) n = 4020 k ( n 1) n = 1 2 2 3 5 67
2 .
( n, k ) = ( 2, 2010 ) ( n, k ) = ( 3,670 ) ( n, k ) = ( 4,335) ( n, k ) = ( 5, 201) ( n, k ) = ( 6,134 )
, k = 2010 a2 = 2011 , k = 670 a3 = 2011 , k = 335
a4 = 2011 , k = 201 a5 = 2011 k = 134 a6 = 2011 .
2
ABC M 1 , M 2 , M 3 -
BC , AC , AB , . AH1 , BH 2 , CH 3 .
AH 2 H 3 , BM 1 H 3 , CM 1 H 2
( K1 ), BH1 H 3 , AM 2 H 3 , CM 2 H1
( K 2 ) CH1 H 2 , AM 3 H 2 , BM 3 H1
( K 3 ).
AK1 , BK 2 , CK 3 , , , ,
AM 1 , BM 2 , CM 3 .
(c1 ) BM 1 H 3 , (c 2 )
CM 1 H 2 , (c3 ) AH 2 H 3 (c) -
BH 3 H 2 C .
AB AC (c) , :
AB AH 3 = AC AH 2 .
AB AH 3 A (c1 )
AC AH 2 A (c 2 ) .
A , (c1 ) (c 2 ) .
(c1 ) (c 2 ) K 1 (
M 1 ). ( K 1 M 1 ) -
(c1 ) (c 2 ) .
A, K 1 M 1 .
(c3 ) K 1 ,
AH 2 K 1 H 3 .
BH 3 H 2 C : = B .
BM K H : = B . = AH K H
1 1 3 2 1 3
.
, -
.
AK 1 , BK 2 ,CK 3 , , , -
AM 1 , BM 2 ,CM 3 ( A, K 1 , M 1 , B , K 2 , M 2 -
C , K 3 , M 3 , .
3
a, b, x, y \ ( a, b ) ( 0, 0 ) ( x, y ) ( 0, 0 )
a ( x 2 y 2 ) 2bxy = x ( a 2 b 2 ) 2aby
b ( x 2 y 2 ) + 2axy = y ( a 2 b 2 ) + 2abx,
x = a y = b .
,
:
a ( x 2 y 2 ) 2bxy + b ( x 2 y 2 ) + 2axy i = x ( a 2 b 2 ) 2aby + y ( a 2 b 2 ) + 2abx i

( a + bi ) ( x 2 y 2 ) + 2 xyi = ( a 2 b 2 ) + 2abi ( x + yi )
( a + bi ) ( x + yi ) = ( a + bi ) ( x + yi )
2 2
x + yi = a + bi ( ( , ) ( 0, 0 ) ( x, y ) ( 0, 0 ))
x = a, y = b.
4
C ( O, r ) , r = 15cm , 9cm
. C ( O, r )
.
O ,
, .
30cm . :
2 2

= = 6 ( 9 + 15 ) = 144 = 12 = 24.
2 2 2
C ( O, r )
. C ( O, r )
= x, = , , 6.

0 , C ( O, r )
2
p p , .
-
.
6
, A ( ) ,

A ( ) = 2 225 81 2 , 0 .
2
81 2
A ( ) = > 0, 0, , A ( )
225 81
2
2

0, , A ( ) -
2

A ( 0 ) , A = [ 24,30] . -
2
[ 24,30] .
, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29 ,
24 30 . 12 -
.
1

A ( ) = 2 225 81 2 , 0 ,
2

A ( 0 ) = 24 A = 30 .
2

= 0 , = .
2
2
25, 26, 27, 28, 29, -
, = x = y ,
x + y = m, m {25, 26, 27, 28, 29} xy = 144 = 122 .
, -
.
1
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71 -

, 15 2011
1
()
2
1 1 3 1 1 1 10 2 3
= 2 23 + 1 + : = : 3 7 .
8 4 2 6 3 27 3 9 2
() :
2 4 1
+ + = ,
6 6
:
8 12 2 2 3
= + + .
4 3 12

()
1 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 9
= 2 23 + 1 + : = 8 + 1 + = 9 + = 9 = ,
8 4 2 6 64 4 3 6 64 6 6 64 64
2
1 1 10 2 3 9 1 10 6 9 8 4 9 8 27 9 9
= : 3 7 = : = : = = .
3 27 3 9 2 27 27 27 27 128 27 27 128 27 4 128 64
= .
. -

2
1 1 10 2 3 9 1 10 6 9 8 4 9 8 1 768
= : 3 7 = : = : = : = .
3 27 3 9 2 27 27 27 27 128 27 27 128 27 96 27
< 1< , < .
2 4 1
() + + = , :
6 6
8 12 2 2 3 8 12 2 2 3
= + + = + +
4 3 12 4 4 3 3 12 12
2 1 4 2 1 2 4 1 2 1 1 7
= + + = + + + + = = 1.
4 3 6 4 6 4 3 4 6 6
2
2
20 -
60 .
10000 , 12000 .
30% 60% -
.
,
5% , -
10% .

30
30% 20 = 6 , 60%
100
60 60
( 20 + 60 ) = 80 = 48 .
100 100
48 6 = 42 .
5
10000 = 500 ,
100
10
12000 = 1200 .
100

6 500 + 42 1200 = 3000 + 50400 = 53400 .
3
= = 360 . -
.
. , ,
.
180o
= 36o , :
= = 72o .

= = 72 = 36o .
o
=
, 1 2
2 2
3
A = = 36o , .
1 2
= 36o = 72o . = 72 o .
1 2
= 2 = 72 , -
o
.
2
.
1 = 2 = 72 o ( ),
=
1
= 72 o . .
2
1

. = = = 36o ,
= .
1 2 2
2
.
4
= = 100 + 10 + ,
:
(i) = 27 , = = 100 + 10 + .
(ii) ,
: 3 x + 12 < 5 x 1 .
(iii) 3.

(i) :
= 27 9 9 = 27 9 ( ) = 27 = 3 . (1)
(ii) :
13
3x + 12 < 5 x 1 3 x 5 x < 12 1 2 x < 13 2 x > 13 x > .
2
, 7, :
+ = 7. (2)
(1) (2)
2 = 10, 2 = 4 = 5, = 2 .
, : ,
= 3 > 7,

= 7, = 0 = 6, = 1 = 5, = 2 = 4, = 3 .
= 3 = 5, = 2 .
= 52 + 7 . ,
(iii) 3, + 7 -
3, , , : = 2
= 5 = 8.
, = 252 = 552 = 852
4

1
() :
2 x + 18 7 3x
= 1.
4 8
() :
3
1 1 1
= 2 + 9 20 ,
2
9 3
1
= .
3

()
2 x + 18 7 3 x
= 1 2 ( 2 x + 18 ) ( 7 3 x ) = 8 4 x + 36 7 + 3 x = 8
4 8
7 x + 29 = 8 7 x = 8 29 7 x = 21 x = 3.
1
() = :
3
3

2
1 1 1 3
1 1 1 1 1
= + 9 20 = + 9 20
1 9 1
2
3
1 9 1
9
3 3 9
3
1 81 1 82
= 9 + ( 1) 1 20 = + ( 1) 1 20 = 1 20
3
9 9 9 9
82 9 180 271
= = .
9 9 9 9
2
, 0
10, 12 ( 12 ) ( 40 2 ) 0.
= 3 2 .

10 , 12 < 0 . , ( 12 ) ( 40 2 ) 0 ,
: 40 2 0 40 2 20. :
0 10 12 20 0 3 30 24 2 40
0 3 30 40 2 24,
:
40 = 3 2 6 ,
6, -40.
3
-
. C ,
4 cm.
5
(i) .
(ii) .
(iii)
(c) .

(i) : = = , = =
=
= 90o + 60o = 150o .
= ,
.
(ii) = , ( -
). = , -
. OE -
. = 30o .
1
= = = 75o .
1
= = 4
= 75o = 30o .
: = 75o ,
1 1 1
= = = 4cm .
(iii) ( c ) : c = 42 = 16 .
: = 42 = 16 ,
: = 4 3 . : = 16 16 4 3 .
4
= = 100 + 10 + ,
:
(i) = 198 , = = 100 + 10 + ,
6
x + 2 2
(ii) = 1 4.
2 x
(iii) 9.

(i) :
= 198 99 ( ) = 198 = 2 . (1)
(ii) , 2 x 0 , :
x + 2 2 x + 2 x + 2 1 1
1 = 0 = 0 ( x + 2 ) =0
2 x 2 x 2 x
1 1
x + 2 = 0 = 0 x = 2 x = 2
2 x
, (ii) 4,
( 2 ) + ( 2 ) = 4 + = 4 , (2)
2 2 .
(1) (2)
2 = 6, 2 = 2 = 3, = 1
.
= 3 1 4 + . ,
(iii) 9, 4 + = .(9) , ,
, = 5 .
, 351.
7

1
(i) , + 10
.
2
(ii) x = 5 + .
2

(i) = 0 , + 10 = ,
.
, 0 , = + 10 .
( )
= + 10 = 10

, = 10 , .

+ 10 , = 0 .
2
(ii) x = 5 + .
2
2
2 2 11
x = 5 +
2
= 5 + + 10 = + 10 ,
2 4 2
, , (i).
2

( x 2)
2
= x 2 + 4 ,
.

2
x 4 x + 4 = x 2 + 4 x 2 4 x + 4 = x 2 + 4 x = 1 .
x 0 , x , :
< 1 , 1 > 0 . :
x = 1 x = 1 .
= 1, x = 0 .
> 1 , .
3
-
.
.
.
: = = = .

8

= x = .
P : 1 = 1
2

=
, : = x = .
1 2
2

1 =
= x = , :
2
2
= . (1)
, :
= . (2)
(1), (2) = 1 = = .
3
:
1 +
+
2
+ = 180o 2 x + 2 = 180o x + = 90o ,
3 1
( ) P :
AM .
, .
, -

=
( = ).
1 2
2
= = = , .
4
, ,
+ + = 2010 + + = 22 3 52 67 2 .

( + + ) = 20102 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 ( + + ) = 20102
2
2 + 2 + 2 = 20102 2 ( + + )
2 + 2 + 2 = 20102 2 ( 22 3 52 67 2 )
2 20102
2 + 2 + 2 = 20102 20102 = .
3 3

9
20102 1
+ + ( + + ) =
2 2 2
20102 = 0
3 3
+ + = 0
2 2 2
1
( 2 2 + 2 2 + 2 2 2 2 2 ) = 0
2
( ) + ( ) + ( ) = 0
2 2 2
= = 0 = = ,
, 0 0 0,
( ) + ( ) + ( )
2 2 2
> 0.
, + + = 2010 = = = 670 .
10

1

( x 1)
2
= 2x + ,
.

x2 2 x + 1 = 2 x + x2 2 ( x + x ) + 1 = 0 . (1)
x , :
(i) x 0 . (1)
x2 4 x + 1 = 0 , (2)
= 16 4 (1 ) = 4 ( 3 + ) .
(2) , , , 3 . -

= 1 S = 4 > 0.
, (2) :
= 3 , , x = 2 .
3 < 1 , , x = 2 3 + . ,
= 1 , x = 4 x = 0 .
> 1 , , x = 2 + 3 +
(ii) x < 0 . (1)
x2 + 1 = 0 , (3)
, x = 1 , > 1 .
, , , -
:
< 3 , .
= 3 , , x = 2 .
3 < 1 , , x = 2 3 + .
> 1 , , x = 2 + 3 + , x = 1 .
2
:
x +y +z = 8
x 2 + y 2 + z 2 = 26
xy + xz = ( yz + 1) .
2

x +y +z = 8 x +y +z = 8 x +y +z = 8
2

x + y + z = 26 ( x + y + z ) 2 ( xy + yz + zx ) = 26 xy + yz + zx = 19
2 2 2
2 2
xy + xz = ( yz + 1) xy + xz = ( yz + 1) xy + xz = ( yz + 1)
2

11
x +y +z = 8 x + ( y + z) = 8 x + ( y + z ) = 8

xy + yz + zx = 19 x ( y + z ) + yz = 19 x ( y + z ) + yz = 19
2 yz = 6 yz = 3
19 yz = ( yz + 1) ( yz ) + 3 ( yz ) 18 = 0
2

x + ( y + z ) = 8 x + ( y + z ) = 8 x + ( y + z ) = 8 x + ( y + z ) = 8

x ( y + z ) + yz = 19 x ( y + z ) + yz = 19 x ( y + z ) = 16 x ( y + z ) = 25
yz = 3 yz = 6 yz = 3 yz = 6

x + ( y + z ) = 8 x + ( y + z ) = 8 x + ( y + z) =8 x + ( y + z) =8

x ( 8 x ) = 16 x ( 8 x ) = 25 x 2 8 x + 16 = 0 x 2 8 x + 25 = 0
yz = 3 yz = 6 yz = 3 yz = 6

x + ( y + z ) = 8 x + ( y + z) =8 x =4
2
x=4 x 8 x + 25 = 0 ( ) y + z = 4
yz = 3 yz = 6 yz = 3

x =4 x =4

z = 4 y z = 4 y ( x, y, z ) = ( 4,1,3) ( x, y, z ) = ( 4,3,1) .
y ( 4 y ) = 3 y 2 4 y + 3 = 0

3
1 1 1 1
, , + + = , :

1
( 3
+ 3 )
+
( 3
+ 3 )
+
( 3
+ 3 )
< 2.
2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2
;

( 3 + 3 ) = ( + ) ( 2 + 2 ) < ( + ) ( 2 + 2 ) = + ,
( ) (1)
2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2
2 2 + 2
( 3 + 3 ) = ( + ) ( 2 + 2 ) ( )
+ +
2
2 1
= ( + ) . (2)
+
2 2
+
2 2
+
2 2
2
(2) , , , = .

1 ( 3 + 3 )
( + ) 2 2 < ( + ) . (3)
2 +

1 ( 3 + 3 )
( + ) 2 2 < ( + ) , (4)
2 +
1 ( 3 + 3 )
( + ) 2 2 < ( + ) . (5)
2 +
(4) (5) , , = = , .
(3), (4) (5) :.
12
+ +
( 3
+ 3 )
+
( 3
+ 3 )
+
( 3
< 2 ( + + )
+ 3 )
(6)
2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2
:
1 1 1 1
+ + = + + = 1 , (7)

(6) (7) .
, , = = , + + = 1 , -
3
= = = .
3
.
1 1 1 1
, , , + + = .

, , ,
+ + = 1 ,
( 3
+ 3 )
+
( 3
+ 3 )
2, +
( 3
+ 3 )
2 + 2 2 + 2 2 + 2
, , , , ,
.
4
( < A ) (c)
O R .
(c1 ) , O r = OM ( M B ). -
(c1 ) T ,
(c) N1 ( BN < BM ). (c1 )
, K (c) K1 (
K < M ). BN1 , 1 AM (-
).

AN1 , A1 ( c ) , ( c1 ) -
, . O, O ( c1 ) ,
AN1 , A1 ( c ) . O,
O ( c1 ) , AN1 , A1
( c ) . O, O ,
( c1 ) .
AN1 = A1 = (*) , , AN1 , A1
, . ,
:
= = = 1 = = 1 (1)
N ( c1 ) NM, NT ,
NM = NT (2)
(1) (2) :
13
(1) : = 1 (:) 1
= P 1 (3)
(2) : = N
(1) (2) :
(1) : = (:)
= / / (4)
(2) : =
(3) (4) N1 P . K1 P .
N1 K1 , -
. N1 , K1 .
(*) .
( , .46, )
14

1
, , 12, :
( 2
+ 42 )
+
( 2
+ 4 2 )
+
( 2
+ 4 2 )
> 12
4 4 4

2 + 42 4, 2 + 4 2 4 , 2 + 4 2 4 , (1)
:
2 + 42 4
= 1 ( = 2)
( 2 + 42 )
(2)
4 4 4
2 + 4 2 4
= 1 ( = 2 )
( 2 + 4 2 )
(3)
4 4 4
2 + 4 2 4
= 1 ( = 2 )
( 2 + 4 2 )
(4)
4 4 4
(2), (3) (4) :
( 2
+ 42 )
+
( 2
+ 4 2 )
+
( 2
+ 4 2 )
+ + = 12 . (5)
4 4 4
(5) , , ,
(2), (3) (4) :
= 2, = 2 , = 2 ,
= = = 0 , , , , -
. :
( 2 + 42 ) + (2 + 4 2 ) + ( 2 + 4 2 ) > 12 .
4 4 4
2
:
x + 2 xy = 5
2
2 . ()
y 3xy = 2

( x, y ) ( ), x = 0 y = 0 , -
0 = 5 0 = -2, .
xy 0 , -
, :
15
1 + 2m
y 5
1+ 2
= 5m 2 11m + 2 = 0
x + 2 xy
2
5 5 m 3m
2
x 2
= = y
y 3 xy
2
2 y
2
y 2 y =m
3 =m x
x
x
x

1 1
m = 2 m = 5 m = 2 m=
5
.
y y = 2x x
=m y=
x 5
:
7 x2 5 7
x 2 + 2 xy = 5 = 5 x =
x + 2 xy = 5
2
5 x = 5 5
2
x = 1 7
() x
y = 2x y = y = 2x y = x y = 2x x
5 y=
5
5
5 7 7 5 7 7
( x, y ) = (1, 2 ) ( x, y ) = ( 1, 2 ) ( x, y ) = , ( x, y ) = , .
7 7 7 7
3
(c) O R . -
OB ( (c1 ) ), A K
. (c2 ) (c3 ) -
O . (c1 ) , (c2 ) (c3 )
.

R1 , R2 , R3 ( c1 ),( c2 ) ( c3 ) .
R1 = R2 = R3 .
AKOB : =B .
1 1
AOB : = .
2 2
= .
OB , : 2 2

O , : 1 = 1 .
, =
= ,
, = = .
:
1. = ( ( c ) )
2. ()
3. = ( ).
, -
( c1 ) ( c3 ) .
( c1 ) ( c 2 ) ( 1 )
( c1 )
( c2 ) .
16

E = () =
4R
.
E1 = () E2 = ()
. :

E1 = () =
4 R1 1 4 R2 R
= 1 = 2 , (1)
2 4 R1 2 R1
E2 = () =
4 R2
( = ,
).
5

.
:
E1
= 1 = . (2)
E2 2
(1) (2) R1 = R2 .
( c1 ) ( c 2 ) (2 )
, :
a
= = = 2R .

:

= 2 R1 = 2 R2 .

( ) ( )
= , : R = R .
1 2
4
an , n * ,
17
k
an +1 = an n
, n * , a1 = 1 ,
2
k .
(i) an n k .
1
(ii) k , n : an = 1000 .
2

(i)
k k k
a2 = a1 , a3 = a2 2 , ... , an = an 1 n 1 , n = 1, 2,3,...
2 2 2
:
1
n
1
1 1 1
an = a1 k + 2 + + n 1 = 1 k 1 +
2
2 2 2 1
1
2
1 n k
an = 1 + k 2k 1 = (1 k ) + n 1 , n = 1, 2,3,...
2 2

(ii) :
1 k 1
an = 1000
(1 k ) +
n 1
= 1000 (1 k ) 2n 1+1000 + k 21000 = 2n 1 ,
2 2 2
k n , n > 1 .
*
2n 1+1000 2n 1 = k ( 2n 1+1000 21000 ) .
2n 1+1000 2n 1
k= > 0, k . (1)
2n 1+1000 21000
n 1 > 1000 n > 1001, (1) ,
k ( 0,1) , .
n 1 < 1000 n < 1001, :
2n 1+1000 2n 1 21000 2n 1 1 2n 1001
k 1 = 1 = = ,
2n 1+1000 21000 2n 1+1000 21000 2n 1 1
0 < k 1 < 1 , .
n 1 = 1000 n = 1001 , (1) k = 1 .
1

. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025 Tel. 210 3616532 - 2103617784 - Fax: 210 3641025

72

, 21 2012
B
1
()
23 3 3 1 1 1 8 2 3
= 23 + 20 + : = : 4 2 + 4 .
31 8 2 4 4 12 3 9 2
() :
6 ( + + ) = 11 0 ,
:
8 12 16
= + + .
2 3 4

()
23 3 3 3 1 8 3 2 1 8 1 1 8 72
= 2 + 20 + : = 8 + 1 + = 9 + = 9 = ,
31 8 2 4 31 8 3 4 31 4 4 31 31
1 1 8 2 3 3 1 8 2 3 1 81 3 9 3 39
= : 4 2 + 4 = : + = + = + = .
4 12 3 9 2 12 12 81 81 16 6 6 16 4 16 16
72 39 72 16 39 31 1152 1209
= = = < 0, < .
31 16 3116 496
()
8 12 16 8 12 16
= + + = + +
2 3 4 2 2 3 3 4 4
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 13
= 4 + + + + = 4 + + .
2 3 4 12
6 ( + + ) = 11 0
6 0 :
6( + + ) 11 1 1 1 11
= + + = ,
6 6 6

1 1 1 13 11 13 44 13 75 25
= 4 + + = 4 = = = .
12 6 12 6 12 12 4
2
2

,
24 500 . -
10% .
.
.
x , , -
:
x 10 x x x
+ 24 500 = x + + 12000 = x + 5 x + 120000 = 10 x + x
2 100 2 10
120000
6 x = 120000 x = = 20000.
6
x = 20000 -
10 x 11x 11 20000
x + = = = 22000 .
100 10 10
3
, ( = ),
.
,

, , .

= x .
= :
+
= = 90o x .
+ = 180o x + 2 = 180o (1)
2
1
, : -
= 600 . ,
1
,
+ + = 180o ,
1
3
x x
1 = 180o 60o 90o 1 = 30o + . (2)
2 2

, 1 = 1 = :
x
2 + x + 600 = 180 = 60o . (3)
2
, :
= 90o = 30 o + x .
1 = (4)
1
2
4
1
2012. 5
, ,
8. .

= {1, 2,3,..., 2012} 2012 . 5
5 ,
1 2012 1 2
1 5 2012 402 {1, 2,..., 402} ,
5 5 5 5
5 402.
8 8 ,

1 2012 1 4
1 8 2012 251 {1, 2,..., 251} ,
8 8 8 8
8 251.
8 5 -
. {5,8} = 40 .
,
1 2012 1 12
1 40 2012 50 {1, 2,...,50} ,
40 40 40 40
5 8 50.
, 402 + 251 50 = 603 ,
2012 603 = 1409 .

1
() :
3
9 20 2
= 2 + 237 2 + ,
4 2
= = 23 .
x
() x, y = > 0 ,
y
4
2 xy
= x, y 1 .
x + y2
2

23 23
() = = 23 = = = 23+ 6 = 23 = 8 .
(2 ) 2
2 3 2 6
:
3 3
1 1
= 2 + 237 2 + 9 2 20 = ( 8 + 237 ) 8 + 9 8 20
4 4
= 245 23 + 72 20 = 245 8 + 52 = 2012.
() x = y ,
2ayy 2 y 2 2
= = = 2 ,
y +y
2 2 2
( + 1) y + 1
2 2
x, y . ,
2
1 2 + 1 2 2 2 + 1 0 ( 1) 0 ,
2
= 2
+1
. 1
1 = 0, = 1 .
2
, (
R ), ,
. ( )
. ,
, , , . R ,
.
2
= & , ,
, = = 2 R . -
5
= = 2R ,
2 R ( ) = 4 R 2 .
= = R . , -
, : = = = = R 2 ,
R 2 : = ( R 2) 2 = 2 R 2 .

,
( ).
:
4 2
2 2 = ( ) R 2 2 2 = 4 R 2 R 2 2 = R .
2
R2
3 : 3 = 1 .
2
:
21 + 2 2 + 23 = 21 + (4 ) R 2 + R 2 21 = 4 R 2 .

:
( ) 2 R 2 4 R 2 ( 2 )R
2
1 = = = ..
4 4 2
.
3
101
2012. 3
8.
.

= {101,102,103,..., 2012} 2012 - 100 =1912 .
3 3 ,
101 2012 2 2
101 3 2012 33 670 {34,35,..., 670} ,
3 3 3 3
3 670 33 = 637 .
8 8 ,

101 2012 5 4
101 8 2012 12 251 {13,14,..., 251} ,
8 8 8 8
8 251 12 = 239 .
8 3 -
. {3,8} = 24 .
,
101 2012 5 20
101 24 2012 4 83 {5, 6,...,83} ,
24 24 24 24
3 8 83 4 = 79 .
, 637 + 239 79 = 797 ,
1912 797 = 1115 .
6
4

P ( x ) = ( x 1)( x + 1)( x 2 )( x + 2 ) Q ( x ) = ( x 2 + x )( x 2 + ) + 4 ,
, , , \ . + + + = 3 ,
, , , \ P ( x ) Q ( x ) .

P ( x ) = ( x 1)( x + 1)( x 2 )( x + 2 ) = ( x 2 1)( x 2 4 ) = x 4 5 x 2 + 4
Q ( x ) = ( x 2 + x )( x 2 + ) + 4 = x 4 + x3 + x 2 + x + 4 .
P ( x ) Q ( x ) , , ,
= 1, = 0, = 5, = 0
{ = 0 = 0} , { = 0 = 0} , = 1, = 5.
= 0 = 0 ,
1 5
= 0, = , = , 0. + + + = 3 , -

,
1 5 4
+ = 3 = 3 2 + 3 4 = 0 2 1 + 3 3 = 0

( 1)( + 1) + 3 ( 1) = 0 ( 1)( + 4 ) = 0 1 = 0 + 4 = 0 = 1 = 4
, , , \
1 5
= 1, = 0, = 1, = 5 = 4, = 0, = , = .
4 4

1
:
x + 1 x ( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
2
x2 x 1 x + x
2
+ + > .
4 3 4 2 4 4

x2 x 1 x + x
2
+ 3x 2 + 4 ( x 1) 3 x + 3 x 2 x 4 4 x 4.
4 3 4
x + 1 x ( x + 1) ( x + 2 )
2
2 x + 2 + x ( x + 1) > ( x + 2 )
2
+ >
2 4 4
2 x + 2 + x + x > x 2 + 4 x + 4 x > 2 x < 2.
2
, [ 4, 2 ) = { x \ : 4 x < 2} .
2

7
x + x 2 (1 + ax ) ( a + x )
2 2

ab
= ,
1 x 1 a ( a b)
2 2 2
a, b ab ( a b ) (1 a 2 ) 0 .

:
1 x 2 0,1 a 2 0 () a b () x 1 .
x 1 , :
x (1 + a x a x ) x (1 a )(1 x )
2 2 2 2 2 2
ab ab
= =
1 x (1 a )
2
( a b)
2
1 x (1 a )
2
( a b)
2
ab
x (1 + x ) = ( a b ) x 2 + ( a b ) x ab = 0
2 2
( a b)
2
a b
= ( a b ) + 4ab ( a b ) = ( a b ) ( a b ) + 4ab = ( a b ) ( a + b ) = ( a 2 b 2 ) 0.
4 2 2 2 2 2 2

(, a = b ):
( a b ) + ( a 2 b 2 ) 2ab 2b 2 2b ( a b )
2
b
x1 = = = =
2 (a b) 2 (a b) 2(a b) a b
2 2 2
( a b ) ( a 2 b2 )
2
2ab 2a 2 2 a ( a b ) a
x2 = = = = .
2 ( a b) 2(a b) 2 (a b) a b
2 2 2
:
b b
= 1 b = b a a = 0 = 1 b = b + a a = 2b ,
ba ba
a a
= 1 a = a b 2a = b = 1 a = b a b = 0.
a b a b
, a, b a 0, b 0,
a b a 1 , :
1
( a 2b )( 2a b ) 0 , ( , a = b ):
2
b a
x1 = x2 = .
a b a b
a = 2b , x2 = 2 .
b
a = , x2 = 2 .
2
3
< 45D .
= 90D
, , . -
,
:
() = .
.
()
8

() =
=
=.
& , -
. =
= = .
= =
= = .
, ,
+ + = 180D 2 + 2 + 2 = 180D
+ + = 90D . (1)

+ = = 90D . (2)
(1) (2) :
= =
.
3
()

. , -

, = = ,
2
,
.
.
,
4
x, y, a
yx 2 + ( y 2 a 2 ) x + y ( y a ) = 0 ,
2
xy .

x, y, a : yx 2 + ( y 2 a 2 ) x + y ( y a ) = 0 .
2
9
, a , :
( y x ) a 2 2 y 2 a + y ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) = 0 .
, a ,
. , , -
] ,
= 4 y 4 4 y ( y x ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) = 4 y y 3 ( y 3 x3 ) = 4 yx3 = xy ( 2 x ) = 2 .
2
2

: xy = , .
2x 2x

1
a 0
1 1 2a + 6
= 3 ,
2a + ax 2 x x 2
x 4x
4.

:
1 1 2(a + 3)
+ = . (1)
a ( x + 2 ) x ( x 2 ) x ( x 2 )( x + 2 )
x 0, 2 , \ {2, 0, 2} .
(1) \ {2, 0, 2}
x 2 + ( a 2 ) x ( 2a 2 + 4a ) = 0 ,
= ( 3a + 2 ) x1 = a + 2 x2 = 2a .
2
a + 2 {2, 0, 2} a {4, 2, 0} 2a {2, 0, 2} a {1, 0, 1}

a 0 , (1) ,
x1 = a 2 x2 = 2a , a 1, + 1, 2, 4 .

2
a + 2 ( 2a ) = 4 3a + 2 = 4 3a + 2 = 4 3a + 2 = 4 a = a = 2,
3
2
a a = .
3
2
y x \ , ( x, y )
1 + y x 2 3 x + 1 > 0
. ( )
y 2 + x 2 < 0
Oxy , ( x, y ) ,
( x, y ) ().

10

1 + y x 2 3 x + 1 > 0 1 + y > x 2 3 x + 1 0
,
y 2 + x 2 < 0 y 2 < x 2 0
:
1 + y > 0 y 2 < 0 1 < y < 2 .
y y = 0 y = 1.
y = 0, :
x 2 3 x + 1 < 1 1 < x 2 3 x + 1 < 1 x 2 3x + 2 > 0 x 2 3 x < 0

x 2 < 2 2< x2< 2 2< x2< 2
( x < 1 x > 2 ) 0 < x < 3
0 < x < 1 2 < x < 3.
0< x<4
y = 1, :
x 2 3 x + 1 < 2 2 < x 2 3 x + 1 < 2 x 2 3 x + 3 > 0 x 2 3 x 1 < 0

x 2 < 1 1 < x 2 < 1 1< x < 3
3 13 3 + 13
<x<
2 2 1 < x < 3.
1< x < 3

:
3
< , c(O, R) .
c(O, R) . c1 ( , )
. = .
(1 )
11
( c ) ( c1 ) .
, .
( ).
.
, -
, :
= . (1)
, = ( c1 ) . -

= = ( ( c )
= = .
1 1 1 1
2 2
q ).

5

1 = 1 =
2
= ( ),
= :
= . (2)
(1) (2) .
2
( = ( c1 ) ). -
, :

=
= = . (3)
1 2 1
2
, :
+ = = 180o = 180o
1 1 1
+ = 180o .
= 180o (4)
1 1
, :
= ( ( c ) )
12
= ( ( c ) ).
2

= 180o

= = . (5)
1 2
6
p )
: 1 = 2 , = (
= ( , ( c1 ) ),
(*) , = .
(*) , .

, , -
.
( c1 ) . ,
= . = = +
, .
4
x x 2 + ax + b ,
a, b a 2 < 4b .

a 2 4b < 0 , x 2 + ax + b > 0 , x \ . -
x , x 2 + ax + b = y ,
y x = r .
r2 b
x 2 + ax + b x = r x 2 + ax + b = x + r x 2 + ax + b = x 2 + 2rx + r 2 x = ,
a 2r
a a
r x + r 0 , r > .
2 2
r b
2
a
, x = , r r > ,
a 2r 2
13
r 4 2ar 3 + a 2 r 2 + 2br 2 2abr + b 2 ( r ar + b )

2 2 2
r2 b r2 b
x + ax + b =
2
+a +b = = ,
a 2r a 2r ( a 2r ) ( a 2r )
2 2
, a 2 4b < 0 ,
r 2 ar + b r 2 ar + b a
y = x 2 + ax + b = = , r> ,
a 2r 2r a 2
y .

1
, = 1, 2,3,... 1 = 0 ,
0 1 + +
+1 + + 3 2 , -
.

:
+
= 1 = c ( ) . (1)
3 +1 + 3

2 + ( 1)
= 1 + + =
2
2 + ( 3 1) 3 2 + ( 1) 4 + ( 8 2 )
3 = = ,
2 2 2
(1)
2 + ( 1)
= c ( 8c ) + 4 c 2 2c + = 0
4 + ( 8 2 )
( 8c 1) + ( 2c 1)( 2 ) = 0, = 1, 2,3,...
( 8c 1) = 0 ( 2c 1)( 2 ) = 0
1
8c 1 = 0 2c 1 2 = 0 c = , = 2 ,
8
0 . : ,3 ,5 ,...., ( 2 1) ,... .
, (8c 1) + ( 2c 1)( 2 ) = 0 ,
= 1, 2,3,... = 1 = 2 -
, ( 8c 1) = 0 ( 2c 1)( 2 ) = 0 ,
:
1
( 8c 1) = 0 c=
8 , 0.
( 2c 1)( 2a ) = 0 = 2
: ,3 ,5 ,...., ( 2 1) ,... .
14
2
:
8z 4 8x4 8 y4
x2 = , y 2
= , z 2
= .
16 + z 4 16 + x 4 16 + y 4

8z 4 8z 2 8z 2
x2 = = z 2
z 2
, : 1,
16 + z 4 42 + ( z 2 ) 42 + ( z 2 )
2 2
: z 2 y 2 y 2 x 2 . , : x 2 = y 2 = z 2 .
:
8x4
x 2 ( x 4 8 x 2 + 16 ) = 0 x 2 ( x 2 4 ) = 0
2
x2 =
16 + x 4
x = 0 x = 2 x = 2 ( 2).
x = 0 , ( 0, 0, 0 ) .
x = 2 , : ( 2, 2, 2 ) , ( 2, 2, 2 ) , ( 2, 2, 2 ) ( 2, 2, 2 ) .
x = 2 , : ( 2, 2, 2 ) , ( 2, 2, 2 ) , ( 2, 2, 2 ) ( 2, 2, 2 ) .
3
c(O, R) . , ,
1 , 1 , 1 . 2 , 2 , 2
, E, Z , 1 2 ,12 ,1 2
.

(1 )
1
. , 1 ,
= . -
= 180D
1 1
, 1 1 .
1 1 2 .
1 1 -
1 .(*) -

.
2
15
7

= 1 2 1 ,
2
1 1 . 1 ( -
1 ) G . G = 2G , G
HO 2 :1 .
12 , 1 2 G .
2 ( )
8
: ,
, , -
, 1 , 1
1 .
111 ()
2 , ( 1 = 2 ).
2 , 2 2 .
16
, 2 2 2
2 , ( = 2 2 )., 22 2 -
111 .
1 2 , 12 , 1 2 ( )
( ) O .
4
x 4x 2 ax + b ,
a, b a 2 < 16b .

a 2 16b < 0 , 4 x 2 ax + b > 0 , x \ . -
x , 4 x 2 ax + b = y , y 2 x = r
.
b r2
4 x 2 ax + b 2 x = r 4 x 2 ax + b = 2 x + r 4 x 2 ax + b = 4 x 2 + 4rx + r 2 x = ,
a + 4r
a a
r 2 x + r 0 , r > .
4 4
br 2
a
, x = , r r > ,
a + 4r 4
b r 2 a (b r )
2 2
4 x 2 ax + b = 4 +b
a + 4r a + 4r
( 2r + ar + 2b )
2 2
4r 4 + a 2 r 2 + 4b 2 + 8br 2 + 4abr + 4ar 3
= = ,
( a + 4r ) ( a + 4r )
2 2
, a 2 16b < 0 ,
2r 2 + ar + 2b 2r 2 + ar + 2b a
y = 4 x 2 ax + b = = , r> ,
a + 4r 4r + a 4
y .
1

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73

, 12 2013
B
1

22 3 2 1 2 40 80 79 67
= 3 + 10000 + : = 1 : 4 2 + .
31 9 3 3 41 3 9 41

22 3 2 1 2 4 2 3 2 4 2 2 112
= 3 + 10000 + : = 27 + 1 + = 28 + =
31 9 3 3 31 9 1 3 31 3 3 31
40 80 79 67 1 80 79 67 1 1 67 81 67 148
= 1 : 4 2 + = : + = : + = + =
41 3 9 41 41 81 81 41 41 81 41 41 41 41
112 148 112 41 148 31 4592 4588 4
= = = = > 0, > .
31 41 31 41 1271 1271
2
720 .
12 , 5%
. 24 -
14% .
.
.
12 , -
5
5% ., 720 = 36
100
, 720 + 36 = 756 .
756 :12 = 63 .
24 , -
14% ,
14
720 = 100,8 , 720 + 100,8 = 820,8 .
100
820,8 : 24 = 34, 2 .
2
3
= .
.
.
.
()
= .
() ,

() AB ( AB = A ), : 1 = 2 .
A , : = , .
1 1
1 = 1 = 2 = x .
.
() A , :
x + y + z = 180o (1) .
AB , :
2 x + y + = 180o (2) .
A ( A ), :
y = = = 2 x (3) .
(1) (2) ( (3)), :
3x + z = 180o (A) 4 x + = 180o (B) .
:
y = z , y = z = 2 x () () :
x = 36o = 36o .
x = z , () : x = z = 45o , = 90o , .
x = y , (3) : x = 0o , .
, , = = 360 .
4
60% , 45% ,
15% . 24
, ,
.

-
( 60 + 45 ) 15 = 90% .
3
100 90 = 10% -
. , 24,
100
24 = 240 . ,
10
60 45
240 = 144 , 240 = 108 .
100 100

1
() :
3
x 3 1 x 81x 2 + 27 y
= 2 + + , x = 32 , y = 33 .
y 3 y y
() = 1623 589 , -
.

x3 ( 3 )
2 3
2 3 36 x 32 33
() x = 3 , y = 3 2 = = = 1 , = = = 3
( 33 ) 3 y 33 32
2 6
y
1 1
81x 2 + 27 y 81 ( 3 ) + 27 3
2 2 3 81 + 27
81 34 + 27 33 81 27 = 2 33 .
= 3
= 3
= 3
y 3 3 3

3
x 3 1 x 81x 2 + 27 y 1 3 4
= 2 + + = 1 + 3 + 2 33 = 27 + 2 27 = 36 + 54 = 90.
y 3 y y 3 3
()
= 1623 589 = ( 24 ) 589 = 292 589 = 23 ( 289 589 ) = 23 ( 2 5 ) = 23 1089 = 8 1089 .
23 89
, 8 89 ,
90 .
2
65% , 45% ,
20% . 12
, 24 .
, -
.

(
) ( 65 + 45 ) 20 = 90% . -
-
100 90 = 10% . , -
100
24 + 12 = 36 , 36 = 360 . ,
10
4
65
360 = 234 ,
100
45
360 = 162 .
100
3
.
A = . , -
. .
(i) : = .
(ii) .
(iii) .
(i) :
1. = ( ).
2. = ( ).
=
3. = 60o + x , x =
.
(
), = .
(ii) ,
3 3
. = = 3
2 2
: ( ) = ( ) + ( ) = ( ) + ( ) ,
.
3
= = 2 = 3 ,
2
1 2 3
( ) = 3 = .
2 2
5
3
= = .
2
( = = )
. -

= 2 2 = 2 2 = 2 + 2 2
2
2 3 3 2 7 2
( 3 )
2
= + = 3 + =
2
.
4 4 4 16 4
1 3 7 7 2 3
( ) = = ,
2 2 4 16
2 3 7 2 3 15 2 3
( ) = ( ) + ( ) = + = .
2 16 16
(iii) ( & ,
7
. = , =
4
3 3 3 3
= + = + = ,
2 4 4
7 3 3 33 2 3
( ) = ( + ) = +
1 1
= .
2 2 4 4 32
4

P ( x ) = ( ax 2 + bx + c ) ( ax + b ) Q ( x ) = a 2 x 3 + 4 x 2 + dx + e ,
a, b, c, d , e . P (1) = 21 ,
a, b, c, d , e P ( x ) Q ( x ) .

P (1) = 21 P (1) = ( a + b + c )( a + b ) = 21 , ,
a, b, c , a + b + c > a + b ,
a + b + c = 7 a + b + c = 21
(1) . ( 2)
a+b = 3 a +b =1
a, b a + b = 1 (2) ,
(2) .
(1) a + b = 3 c = 4 .
P ( x )
P ( x ) = ( ax 2 + bx + c ) ( ax + b ) = a 2 x3 + 2abx 2 + ( b 2 + ac ) x + bc ,

P ( x ) = Q ( x ) {a 2 = a 2 , 2ab = 4, b 2 + ac = d , bc = e} .
c = 4 a + b = 3 , :
a + b = 3, ab = 2, c = 4, b 2 + 4a = d , 4b = e, a, b, c, d , e ,
a = 1, b = 2, c = 4, d = 8 e = 8 a = 2, b = 1, c = 4, d = 9 e = 4.
6

1
:
( x 1)
2
x + x x + 3 + x2
+ , x ( x 2 + 4 )( x 2 5 x + 4 ) = 0 .
4 2 4

( x 1)
2
x +x x + 3 + x2
( x 1) + 2 ( x + x ) x + 3 + x 2
2
+
4 2 4
x 2 x + 1 + 2 x + 2 x x + 3 + x 2 x 2 2 x 2.
2
x [ 2, 2] .
,
x ( x 2 + 4 )( x 2 5 x + 4 ) = 0 x = 0 x 2 + 4 = 0 x 2 5 x + 4 = 0.
x 2 + 4 = 0 \ , x 2 + 4 > 0, x \ , -
x 2 5 x + 4 = 0 = 9 > 0 x = 1 x = 4 .
x = 0 x = 1 x = 4
4 [ 2, 2] , x = 0 x = 1 .
2

( x 2 + y 2 )( x3 y 3 )( x3 + y 3 ) 4 x 2 + 16 y 2 + 16 xy 25
( x, y ) = ( x , y ) = ,
( x 2 y 2 )( x4 + y 4 + x 2 y 2 ) 2x + 4 y + 5
y x 2 x + 4 y + 5 0 ,
( x, y ) = ( x, y ) .

y x 2 x + 4 y + 5 0 ,
, .
( x, y ) :
( x, y ) =
( x + y )( x y )( x + y ) = ( x
2 2 3 3 3 3 2
+ y 2 )( x 6 y 6 )
= x2 + y2 .
( x y )( x + y + x y )
2 2 4 4 2 2
x y
6 6

x 6 y 6 = ( x 2 ) ( y 2 ) = ( x 2 y 2 )( x 4 + x 2 y 2 + y 4 )
3 3

x3 y 3 = ( x y ) ( x 2 + xy + y 2 ) , x3 + y 3 = ( x + y ) ( x 2 xy + y 2 )
x 4 + y 4 + x 2 y 2 = ( x 2 + y 2 ) x 2 y 2 = ( x 2 + y 2 + xy )( x 2 + y 2 xy ) .
2
4 x2 + 16 y 2 + 16 xy 25 ( 2 x + 4 y ) 5
2 2
( x, y ) = =
2x + 4 y + 5 2x + 4 y + 5
.
=
( 2x + 4 y + 5)( 2 x + 4 y 5) = 2x + 4 y 5.
2x + 4 y + 5
( x, y ) = ( x, y ) :
x 2 + y 2 = 2 x + 4 y 5 x 2 2 x + y 2 4 y + 5 = 0 ( x 1) + ( y 2 ) = 0
2 2
x 1 = 0 y 2 = 0 ( ( x 1) + ( y 2 ) > 0)
2 2
x = 1, y = 2.
3
AB ,E A, -
, A = . c1 (B, BE) c2 (, ) -
1 , 2 1 , 2 , . 1
2 .
:
() E, 2 , 1 , , c3 .
() E, 1 , 2 , , c4 .
() A c3 c4 , .
() 2 ( 2
c1 ), E2
I AB . :
IE = IB2 (1) .
8
1 ( 1 c2 ),
1
I AB . :
I = I1 (2) .
AE ( A = A ), E
I
AB . :
I = IE (3) .
, 2 , E , 1 I
AB , ( (1), (2), (3) )
I = IE = IB2 = I1 := r ,
E, 2 , 1 , c3 I r .
() E, 1 , 2 ,
c4 I AB r := I = I E = I 2 = I 1 .
() ( c3 c4 )
, .
4

a 2 x 2 + 2a ( )
2 1 x + x 2 + 3 2 2 = 0,
x \ a \ .
a .

x 2 x 2 .

( )
a 2 x 2 + 2a 2 1 x + 3 2 2 = x 2, x 2. (1)
a = 0
3 2 2 = x 2, x 2 , (, 3 2 2 > 0 ).
a 0 , (1) = 0 ,

( ax + )
2
2 1 = x 2, x 2. (2)
( )
2
ax + 2 1 0 x 2 0, x 2, (2) ,
1 2
, , ax + 2 1 = 0 x 2 = 0, x 2 x = 2, a = .
2
1 2
, a = x = 2.
2
9

1
x, y \ :
x + y 1 + x + 2 + y + 2 5 .
( x, y ) x < 0
x + y 1 + x + 2 + y + 2 = 5 .

a \ :
a a, ( a 0)
a a, ( a 0).

x + y 1 ( x + y 1) , x + 2 x + 2 y + 2 y + 2,
:
x + y 1 + x + 2 + y + 2 ( x + y 1) + x + 2 + y + 2 = 5 .
, , , , , ,
,
x + y 1 0 x + 2 0 y + 2 0
x + y 1 x 2 y 2 .
( x, y ) x < 0 ,
, x {2, 1} , y {2, 1, 0,1, 2,....} , x + y 1 ,
:
( x, y ) {( 2, 2) , ( 2, 1) , ( 2,0) , ( 2,1) , ( 2, 2) , ( 2,3) , ( 1, 2) , ( 1, 1) , ( 1,0) , ( 1,1) , ( 1, 2) }.
2
x, y
x 2 ( y 2 3 y + 2 ) < 4 y ( y 1) ( xy 2 x + 2 y y 2 ) ,
: 2 y 3 < 1 .

x 2 ( y 2 3 y + 2 ) < 4 y ( y 1) ( xy 2 x + 2 y y 2 )
x 2 ( y 2 3 y + 2 ) 4 y ( y 1) ( xy 2 x + 2 y y 2 ) < 0
x 2 ( y 2 3 y + 2 ) 4 y ( y 1)( y 2 ) x 4 y ( y 1) ( 2 y y 2 ) < 0
x2 ( y2 3 y + 2) 4 y ( y2 3 y + 2) x + 4 y2 ( y2 3 y + 2) < 0
( y 2 3 y + 2 )( x 2 4 xy + 4 y 2 ) 0 ( y 2 3 y + 2 ) ( x 2 y ) < 0
2
y 2 3 y + 2 < 0, ( x 2 y ) 0,
2
( y 1)( y 2 ) < 0 1 < y < 2.

3 3 3 1 2y 3 1
1 < y < 2 1 < y < 2 < < 1 < 2 y 3 < 1 2 y 3 < 1.
2 2 2 2 2 2
10
3
AB AB < A < B . -
=
AB ( AB = A ) A ( A = A ) = < 90D .
K . A
=
ABE . .
:
1. = ( ).
2. = E ( ).
=
3. = +
, -
c1 c2 .
c .
1
c2 . = (
) c1 , c2 , :
= . , , .
, 1 = 1 .
, : (1)
= .
1 2
2 c1 . 2
c1 . :
= .
(2)
2 2
=
(1) (2), : .
1 2
11
4
x \
= 13 2 x + 13 + 2 x .

13 13
13 2 x 0 13 + 2 x 0 x .
2 2
= 13 2 x + 13 + 2 x = n ] , = n > 0 :
= 13 2 x + 13 + 2 x = n ] 2 == 26 + 2 132 4 x 2 = n 2
n2
132 4 x 2 = 13 (1)
2
0 132 4 x 2 13 , (1) n ] , :
n2 n2
0 13 13 13 13 + 13 26 n 2 52 n {6, 7} .
2 2
n = 6 (1)
132 4 x 2 = 5 169 4 x 2 = 25 x 2 = 36 x = 6 .
n = 7 (1)
23 232 147 7 3
132 4 x 2 = 169 4 x 2 = x2 = x= .
2 4 16 4

1
, :
xy = z 2 + 2, y 3 = x3 + 2 x 2 + 1 .

2 x 2 + 1 > 0 , x ] ,
y 3 > x3 ( y x ) ( y 2 + xy + x 2 ) > 0 y x > 0 y > x,
2
y 3 y2
y 2 + xy + y 2 = x + + > 0 ( x = y = 0
2 4
).
x, y , y > x ,
y x + 1 y 3 ( x + 1) y 3 x3 + 3x 2 + 3x + 1
3
(1)
(1)
x3 + 2 x 2 + 1 x 3 + 3 x 2 + 3 x + 1 x 2 + 3 x 0 x {3, 2, 1, 0} . (2)
x = 3, y = 8 y = 2 .
3
x = 2 , y 3 = 1 y = 1 (, xy = z 2 + 2 > 0 ).
x = 1, y 3 = 2 ( ] ).
x = 0, , xy = z 2 + 2 > 0 .
x = 3, y = 2 ,
z = 4 z = 2 ,
2
( x, y, z ) = ( 3, 2, 2 ) ( x, y, z ) = ( 3, 2, 2 ) .
12
2
f : \ \ , :
f ( x 2 ) y 2 = f ( x + y ) f ( x y ) , x, y \ .
.

.
x = y = 0 f ( 0 ) = f ( 0 ) f ( 0 ) = 0 f ( 0 ) = 1 .
2
x = y = 2 f ( 4 ) 4 = f ( 4 ) f ( 0 ) , , f ( 0 ) = 1, 4 = 0 (),
, f ( 0 ) = 0 , f ( 4 ) = 4 . f ( 0 ) = 0 f ( 4 ) = 4 .
x = y = t \ f ( t 2 ) t 2 = f ( 2t ) f ( 0 ) = 0 f ( t 2 ) = t 2 , t \ .
x 0 , t \ t 2 = x , f ( x ) = x , x 0 .
x = 0 , y > 0 , f ( 0 ) y 2 = f ( y ) f ( y ) yf ( y ) = y 2 f ( y ) = y,
y > 0 , f ( x ) = x , x < 0 .
f ( x ) = x, x \, -
.
3
x
ax + a+x ,
a > 1 , .
a
a x + a + x K , K
.

f ( a, x ) = a x + a + x , a > 1, x [ a, a ] -
. f ( a, x ) = a x + a + x = n ],
n2
f ( a, x ) = a x + a + x = n ] 2a + 2 a x = n a x = a
2 2 2
(1) 2 2
2
n2
0 a 2 x 2 a , 0 a a 2a n 2 4a 2a n 2 a .
2
n 2a , 2 a
(1) x . , (1)
2 2
n2 n2
a x = a , x [ a, a ] x = a a , x [ a, a ]
2 2 2 2
2 2
n2 n2 n 2 ( 4a n 2 )
x = 2a , x [ a, a ] x =
2 2
, x [ a, a ]
2 2 4
n 4a n 2
x= .
2
13
x [ a, a ] , ,
2
n2
x = a a a 2 .
2 2
2
, a x + a + x -
n 4a n 2
n 2a , 2 a , x = .
2
,
n = a x + a + x , 2a , 2 a
, a . ,
2a , 2 a ,
2
(
2 a 2a K 2 2 ) K
a K a .
2 2
4
c(O, R) . AD c(O, R) -
E . c1 ( D, DA) AC T , AB -
S , c(O, R) H OA Z .
:
() SBTC , c2 .
() O, D, E , Z , H c2 , .
() AST = S c1 AT .
ADT S , ADT = 2 S .
ADT AC ,
14
D1 = D2 = C = 90 o DAC .
S = C SBTC .
() EDH = D3 DAH ( DA = DH
A2 = H 2 ).
D 3 = 2 A 2 . (1)
EAH = A2 c EOH = O1 -
, :
O1 = 2 A 2 . (2)
(1) (2) O1 = D3 , O , D , E , H
( ).
HOZ = 2 OAH ( OA = OH
A2 = H 2 ). :
= 2 A .
(3)
2 1
= D -
ZAH = A1 c1 HDZ 4
, :
D 4 = 2 A1 . (4)
(3) (4) O2 = D4 , O , D , Z , H
( ).
ST D c1 .
BC O c . K -
, c2 .
K O , D , Z , E , H ,
: DKO = DHO .
, DKO ST BC (
), :
DKO = 180 o S B = B C ,
:

DHO = 90o AOE = 90o ACE
= H + H = A + A = EAO = 90o (C + 90o B ) = B C .
1 2 1 2
2
.
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74

, 18 2014
1

2
2 4 1 1 77 16 60 19 7
= : 32 + 20000 : + + 4 = 4 : 3 2 + .
3 9 3 3 3 81 3 3 9

2
2 4 1 1 77 4 4 1 77
= : 32 + 20000 : + + 4= : 9 +1 3 + +
3 9 3 3 3 9 9 3 81
4 4 1 77 4 77 4 77
= : 10 + + = :9+ = + =1.
9 3 3 81 9 81 81 81
16 60 19 7 308 (60 3 19) 7 308 3 7
= 4 : 3 2 + = : + = : + =
81 3 3 9 81 27 9 81 27 9
308 7 308 + 7 315
= 9 + = = = 35.
81 9 9 9
2
= = 90 , = 800 ,
, = 800 . :
2810 + 800 2 .
796 .
x , x 10.
.
( 1 1000 )

= x , = 800 + x , = 800
. , = x, = 800 ,
= = = 800 . ,
= 800 2 .
2
, :
( x ) =+
x 800 + x + 800 + 800 2 =2 x + 1600 + 800 2
2 x + 800
( x) = 800 =( x + 400 ) 800 =800 x + 320000 .
2
:
2 x + 1600 + 800 2 < 2810 + 800 2 2 x < 1210 x < 605
800 x + 320000 > 796000 800 x > 476000 x > 595
595 < x < 605 x 10,
x = 600 .
= 600 , =1400
800 600 + 320000 = 480000 + 320000 = 800000 , 800
.
3
= =30 . -
= 90 .
,
. . :
() .
() = .

()
180 180 30
= =
= 75
2 2
= = 75 ,
= = 90 75 = 15 .
1

= + =
=
= 75 30 = 45 .
3
()
=2
2 + =
2
2 2
= 2,
:
2
= = .
2 2
, = .
, -
= = = 30 .
= 60 ,
= . = = x,
x
= = , :
2 2
2
x2 2 3 x 2 2 2 2 2 6

2
= =
2
x =
2 2
= =
x 2

= x .
4 2 4 4 3 3
4
55% . -
. -
7
, .
11
60. .

,
55% .
7 55 35
=, 35% -
11 100 100
. ( 55 35 ) =20% -
, . -
(100 55 20 ) =
25% ,
4
25% 60 .
100
60 =
240 .
25
, :
:
55 x
= = .
100
45 x
= = .
100
= .
= .
= .
= .
-
, :
= ,
:
55 x
( ) + = + = ( ) ,
100
7 55 x 35 x
= = ,
11 100 100
x 20 x
= (55 35) = = ,
100 100
x 25 x
= ( 45 20 ) = = 60 = x 240
100 100
2
x y .
-
.
.
55% , :
5
55 9
x= ( x + y ) 100 x= 55 x + 55 y 9 x= 11 y y= x (1) .
100 11
-
, :
xa = x = +a (2) .
7
.
11
:
(2)
7 7
( + a ) =a x =a (3) .
11 11
() 60 , :
y= + 60 .
( ) a , :
(2) (1),(3)
9 7 5
y = + 60 y + a = + a + 6 y + = x + 60 x + x = x + 60 x = 60 x = 132 .
11 11 11
9 9
132 , y = x = 132 =108 ,
11 11
240 .
1
:
3
x3 1 x 243 x 2 + 81 y 2

= 3 + : , = = x 1 + y 1 , =
x 33 , =
y 34 .
y 3
y y

( 33 )3 3
1 33 39 1 3+ 4 3 9+12 1 1 3
= + : = + : (3 = ) 3 + 3 : ( 3 )
( 34 )3 3 34 312 3

1 1 34 + 1 82
= 33 + : 33 =+ 1 4= 4 = .
3 3 3 81
1 1 33 + 1
243 ( 3 ) 11 + 81 ( 3 )
3 2 4 2 +
35 36 + 34 38 31 + 34 3 34 34 = 33 + 1= 28.
= = = = =
34 34 34 1 1
4
3 34
= 33 + 34= 27 + 81= 108.
2
P ( x )= 16 x 6 16 x 4 x 2 + 1 Q ( x ) = 4 x 4 5 x 2 + 1 .
() P ( x ) Q ( x )
.
6
P ( x) 5 2
() =
Q ( x) 2
( x + 1) .

()
) 16 x 6 16 x 4 x 2 + 1= 16 x 4 ( x 2 1) ( x 2 1=)
P ( x= (16 x 4
1)( x 2 1=
)
= ( 4x 2
+ 1)( 4 x 2 1)( x 2 1=
) (4x 2
+ 1) ( 2 x 1)( 2 x + 1)( x 1)( x + 1) .
) 4 x 4 5 x 2 + 1= 4 x 4 4 x 2 x 2 + 1= 4 x 2 ( x 2 1) ( x 2 1)
Q ( x=
= ( 4x 2
1)( x 2 1) = ( 2 x 1)( 2 x + 1)( x 1)( x + 1) .
()
P ( x) 5 2
=
Q ( x) 2
( x + 1) 4 x 2 +=
1
2
( x + 1) x=2 1 =x 1,
5 2
1
Q ( x ) 0 x
x 1.
2
.
3
x, y x > y , 2014.
97. x, y
.

=
x 2014 y
2014 y = y + 97, y > 97 1
(=
1 + ) y 1917, y > 97 1 + 2
(1 + ) y = 33 71, y > 97 1 + 2.
y 1917= 33 71 97, -

y =3 71 =213 y = 32 71 = 639 y = 33 71 = 1917
y = 213
= =
, x 1801 8 .
y = 639
= =
, x 1375 2 .
y = 1917 , x = 97 < y = 1917, .
4
= =30 . -
= 90 . -
,
. = , :
() .
() .

()
=2
2 + =
2
2 2
= 2,
7
2
:
= = .
2 2
, = 30 , = x ,
1
x = = 30 = = 2 x ,
2
:
2 6
2 + x 2 = ( 2 x ) 3 x 2 = 2 3 x 2 = x= =
2
.
2 6 6
()

= = 180 30 = 75 ,

=
2
= 75 + 30
= 75
= 45 .
,
, .
,
= . = = .

=
= 180 2=
180 2 =
75 30 ,

1
= 30 = = 2
2
3
= 30 = 2 = 3.
2
:
(
= + = 1 + 3 . )
= :
2 +=
3 + =
( )
3 1 .
8

1
2
x = y = 4 2 .
(1 + 3 )(1 + 3 )(1 + 3 )
4 8
x + 1 y .

8
3 1 -
,
=
x
2 ( 8
)
3 1
=
( 3 1)
2 8
=
2 ( 8
3 1 ) = 8
3 1.
(1 + 3 )(1 + 3 )(1 + 3 )(
4 8 8
) (1 +
3 1 3 )(1 + 3 )( 4 4
) (1 + 3 )(
3 1 3 1 )

x + 1= 8
3 < 8 4= 4
2= y .
2
x -
:
x 1
1
3
0 ( x 2 ) ( x 5) 0 .

x 1
1 0 x 1 3 3 x 1 3 2 x 4. (1)
3
( x 2 )( x 5 ) 0 :
( x 2 )( x 5) 0 ( x 2 0 x 5 0 ) ( x 2 0 x 5 0 )
2 x 5 ( x 2 x 5 ) , 2 x 5.
x 2 x 2 x 2 x 5 5 x 5 ,
5 x 2 2 x 5 (2)
(1) (2)
x =2 2 x 4.
3
AB ( = > ). c1 (, ) (
) A . c2 ( , ) (
) A c1 (, )
. c3 .
() , , .
() .

() :
9
= = (1) ( c1 (, ) )
= = (2) ( c2 ( , ) )
= = 90

:
2
= 90 .

:
=
2
. :
= 90 .

() , () = , () =
2
(1)
, = = ,

2 = = 90 . (3)
2
= = , ( )
( ).
:
= 90

1 =
= (4)
2
(3) (4) :
= = 90 ,

2 = =
1 (5)
2
, , , , -

. , -
, , .
, ,
.

10
+ 90 + 90 = 180 ,

+ + =
2 2

,
.
() , : 90
= .
1 1 1
c = ( , , ) , :
3

= = 90
1 1
. , , :
1
= 90 90
= , ( )

1 =
+
1
=
1 1
2 2
.
= , .
4
a, b
a 2 + 4b 2 =2a + 12b 5 .
a + b a, b -
.

s= a + b , :
a 2 + 4 ( s a ) = 2a + 12 ( s a ) 5 .
2
5a 2 ( 8s 10 ) a + 4s 2 12s + 5 =0 (1)
(1) a ,
, :
= ( 8s 10 ) 20 ( 4 s 2 12 s + 5 ) 0 4 ( 4 s 5 ) 5 ( 4 s 2 12 s + 5 ) 0 4 s 2 + 20 s 0
2 2

s ( s 5 ) 0 ( s 0 s 5 0 ) ( s 0 s 5 0 ) 0 s 5.
s= a + b 5. s = 5
=0 , a = 3 b = 2 .
1
, , , -

, = ,
= , = .

+ 2 = ,

.

11
6

= = = = , :
2 2
(
+ = + = )( )
2 2
( ) ( )
+ = + + + =0 + =0 + ( )

= (, , , ) + = ( )

.
2
a
x 3 2 x 2 = 4ax 2 11ax + 6a
.

:
x3 2 x 2 = 4ax 2 11ax + 6a x 3 2 x 2 = 4ax 2 8ax 3ax + 6a
) 4ax ( x 2 ) 3a ( x 2 ) ( x 2 ) ( x 2 4ax + 3a=) 0
x 2 ( x 2=
x 2 =0 x 2 4ax + 3a =0 x =2 x 2 4ax + 3a =0.
x = 2 , a ,
a x 2 4ax + 3a = 0 -
.
= 16a 2 12
= a 4a ( 4a 3)
3
, 4a ( 4a 3) 0 a 0 a .
4
u , v , Vieta :
u+v = 3a 3 ( u + v ) =
4a uv = 0 u ( 3 4v ) =
4uv 3u + 3v 4uv = 3v ,
4u 3 0 :
3v 1 12v 1 12v 9 + 9 1 9 9
u= = = = 3+ 4u =
3 .
4v 3 4 4v 3 4 4v 3 4 4v 3 4v 3
, 4v 3 {9, 9, 3, 3, 1, 1} , :
12
= v 3= v 0=
v 1.

= v 3= =
v 1 u 1= u 3 a = 1 .
v = 0 u = 0 a = 0.
=
a 0= a 1 .
3
( x, y, z )
x2 + y 2 + z 2 =6a 2 ,
x+ y = 3a,
y + z 3a,
a .

s= y + z , z= s y . = x 3a y ,

( 3a y ) + y 2 + ( s y ) = 6a 2 3 y 2 2 ( 3a + s ) y + s 2 + 3a 2 = 0
2 2
(1)
y , , ,
= 4 ( 3a + s ) 3 ( s 2 + 3a 2 ) 0 2 s 2 + 6as 0 0 s 3a.
2

: s 3a, : s = 3a .
3a + s
=0 (1) =y = 2a ,
3
x = 3a y = a z = 3a y = a . ,
( x, y , z ) = ( a , 2 a , a ) .
4
ABC ( O, R ) I
. N BC M
C . MI ( O, R ) D
( N, NI ) E. : EBD
= IBC
.

( N, NI ) B C . , BIN
-

AIB , BIN = A + B . NBI = NBC = A + B ,
+ CBI
2 2 2 2
BIN = NBI , NB = NI .

, BC
, ( O, R ) ,
NDM = 90 . ( N, NI ) D IE .
13
7
= A
BED EBD = BEI
BDM . BDM 90 BAN=90

2
= C ( ( N, NI ) ).
BEI
2

= 90 A C = B = IBC
EBD .
2 2 2

1
a
x3 4 x 2 = 5ax 2 26ax + 24a
.

:
x 3 4 x 2 = 5ax 2 26ax + 24a x 3 4 x 2 = 5ax 2 20ax 6ax + 24a = 0
) 5ax ( x 4 ) 6a ( x 4 ) ( x 4 ) ( x 2 5ax + 6a=) 0
x 2 ( x 4=
x 4 =0 x 2 5ax + 6a =0 x =4 x 2 5ax + 6a =0.
x = 4 , a ,
a x 2 5ax + 6a =0 -
. = 25a 24
2
= a a ( 25a 24 ) -
24
, a ( 25a 24 ) 0 a 0 a .
25
u , v , Vieta :
u+v = 6a 6 ( u + v ) =
5a uv = 0 u ( 6 5v ) =
5uv 6u + 6v 5uv = 6v ,
6 5v 0 :
6v 1 30v 1 30v 36 + 36 1 36 36
u= = =
=
6+ 5u 6= .
5v 6 5 5v 6 5 5v 6 5 5v 6 5v 6
14
,
5v 6 {36, 36, 18, 18, 12, 12, 9, 9, 6, 6, 4, 4, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 1} ,
:
v= 6 v = 3 v= 0 v= 1 v= 2.
v = 6 v = 1 u = 1 u = 6 , , a = 1 .

= v 3= v 2 = u 2= u 3, , a = 1
v = 0 u = 0 a = 0.
a = 0 a = 1 .
2
Oxy
=D {( x, y ) : ( x 1) 2 2
}
+ ( y 2) 8 2 .
() x + y, ( x, y ) D ,
x, y .
() k , x + y =k -
C : ( x 1) + ( y 2 ) =
2 2
8 , -
.

() S= x + y . D :
( x 1) + ( S x 2 ) 8 .
2 2
2 x 2 + 2 (1 S ) x + S 2 4 S 3 0 . (1)
:
= 4 (1 S ) 2 ( S 2 4 S 3) = 4 (1 2 S + S 2 2 S 2 + 8S + 6 )
2

4 ( S 2 6 S 7 ) =
= 4 ( S + 1)( S 7 ) .
(1) x
(1), : 0 1 S 7 , -
S S max = 7 . S = 7 (1) x 2 6 x + 9 0 ( x 3) 0
2
x = 3 , y = S max x = 7 3 = 4 .
() k : x + y =k -
C : ( x 1) + ( y 2 ) =
8 .
2 2
C k ,
( x 1) + ( y 2 ) = 8, x + y= k ,
2 2
, C .
,
2 x 2 + 2 (1 k ) x + k 2 4k 3 =0. (2)
x , = 4 ( k 2 6k 7 ) = 0
k= 1 k = 7 , k kmin = 1 .
(2) k = 1. =0 (2)
15
k 1
x = = =1 , y = 0 .
2 2
( x, y ) = ( 1, 0 ) .
3
f : * * , * 0, -
1-1 k .
3 ( f (1) 1) + ( f ( 2 ) 1) + ... + ( f ( k + 1) 1)
2 2 2

, a {1, 2,..., k + 1} ,
f (a) k + 2 .

=
a 1, 2,..., k + 1 , f ( a ) < k + 2 . f ( a ) k + 1
=
a 1, 2,..., k + 1 . f 1-1,
f (1) 1, f ( 2 ) 1, ..., f ( k + 1) 1 ,
( ) 1 1, 2 1,..., k + 1 1 .

3 ( f (1) 1) + ( f ( 2 ) 1) + ... + ( f ( k + 1) 1) = 3 12 + 22 + ... + ( k + 1)
2 2 2 2

k ( k + 1)( 2k + 1) 2k + 3k + k
3 2
3
= = = k 3 + k 2 + k.
2 2 2
3
k 3 < k 3 + k 2 + k < ( k + 1) ,
3
2
, (). a {1, 2,..., k + 1} f ( a ) k + 2 .
4
c(O, R ) , ( ) -
, , , .
c1 c(O, R ) , ( -
). , , .
:
(i) , , .
(ii) c ( , R ) .

(i) , , , -
: .
16
c1 .
c ( =90 ) .
1
c1 .
.
= = 90 , , :
= (1) .
= = 90 , , :
= (2) .
(1) (2) , = ,
.
(ii) (
c1 ), c(O, R ) . :
2 = . (3)
(3) ( (1) ), :
2 = . (4)
. -
c(O, R ) ( , , ) ,
.
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

75

17 2015

1. :
2 2
7 49 3 4 3 6 11
: 2 .
3 9 7 3 2 5 10
. :
2 2 2 2
7 49 3 4 3 6 11 21 49 3 4 3 9
:2 :
3 9 7 3 2 5 10 9 9 7 3 10 10
2 2 2 2
28 3 4 3 9 4 4 10 10 100 81 81
: : 9.
9 7 3 10 10 3 3 3 9 9 100 9
1
2. 11 %
9
2
14 % .
7
3150 . 350
. .
1 2
: 11 % 14 % .
9 7

x ,
1 100
3150 x . 11 % % ,
9 9
100
x 9 x . ,
100 9
2 100
14 % % ,
7 7
100
3150 x x
3150 x 7 450 .
100 7 7
x x x x 2x
450 390 60 60 x 63 30 x 1890.
9 7 9 7 63
1
, 1890
3150 1890 1260 .
3. , ,
9690 .

. ,
3 ,
4
2
3
.
, , , , , , .
, :
3 2 2 4 6
, , , , 2
4 3 3 3 3
3 3
.
2 4 2 2 1 4 2 2 3 4 6
3 3
9690
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2,3, 4 6 . ,
9690 2,3,4 6. ,
9690 2 3 4 6 15
9690 :15 646 . , 646 2 1292 ,
646 3 1938 , 646 4 2584
646 6 3876 .
,

2 , 3 , 4 , 6 ,

2 3 4 6
9690 :
2 3 4 6 9690 15 9690 646 .
: 2 1292, 3 1938, 4 2584, 6 3876 .
4

.

. :
4 cm , 3 cm .
.
1.
2. : .
3. .
2
. .
.
1. ,
, .

,

2 . ,

, :
2.
2. , ,
, . :
, .
, .
3. = , 4 cm
. : 2 6 cm 3 cm .
:
2 2 2 2 4 3 25 2 5 cm .
2 2
5
: 5 cm .
2 2
:
4 3 12
.
2 2 2 2 5
, :
5
5

2 12 9 2 cm 2 .
2 2 5
1
x x3 ax 2 bx c , a, b, c .
() : Q x 2 x 19 x .
() x , : Q x 3 x 3 x 2 .
2
. ()
3 2

Q x 2 x 19 x 2 x a 2 x b 2 x c 19 x a x b x c
3 2

8 x3 4ax 2 2bx c 19 x3 19ax 2 19bx 19c 27 x3 15ax 2 21bx 18c.
() Q x 3x 3 x 2 :
2
27 x 3 15ax 2 21bx 18c 3 x 3 x 2

2
27 x 3 15ax 2 21bx 18c 3 x 9 x 2 12 x 4

27 x 3 15ax 2 21bx 18c 27 x 3 36 x 2 12 x
15a 36, 21b 12, 18c 0
12 4
a , b , c 0 .
5 7
12 4
: x x3 x 2 x.
5 7
2. a, b ab a b a b 0
b a b b a b 3ab b 2
.
a a b a a b a 2 b2
() : a 2 b a 2b
a
() .
b
() :
b a b b a b 3ab b 2
2 2 b a b b a b a 3ab b 2
2 2

a a b a a b a b
b a b a b ab 3a b 0 b 2a 2 2b 2 ab 3a b 0
2 2

b0
b 2a 2 2b 2 3a 2 ab 0 2b 2 a 2 ab 0 a 2 b a 2b .
() () :
2
a a a
a ab 2b 0 2 0 x 2 x 2 0, x
2 2
b b b
a a
x 2 1 x 1 0, x x 1 x 1 x 1 0, x
b b
4
a a
x 1 x 2 0, x
x 1 x 2, x
b b
a a a
1 (, a b) 2 2.
b b b
3.
xyz 100 x 10 y z
43 9.
zyx 100 z 10 y x 30
6. xyz .
:
xyz 100 x 10 y z 43 x y z 9 (1)
zyx 100 z 10 y x 30 x y z 6 , (2)
:
xyz zyx 99 x z 13 x y z 3 . (3)
(1) 10 x y z 23, , x y z 24 ,
xyz 43 24 9 1041, .
(3) :
10 13 3 13( x y z ) 3 23 13 3
133 13( x y z ) 3 302
133 99 x z 302,
2 3.
x z 2 , (3) : x y z 15 (1) (2)
xyz 654 zyx 456.
x z 3 , (3)
x y z .
4
90 , 60 .
( )
. .
1. N : .
2. ,
, . E
, . E
.
: E .
5
2
1. , .

90 75 .
2

60 30 75 .

2 2
.
, : .
2. 60 . ,
, . ,

,
2
, .
2 90 60 60 .
2

2
60
2 60 120 ,

.
2

,
2

,
2

3
3
2 .
2 4
E

. . (1)
6
3 2 3
(2)
2 4 8

60
2
. (3)
360 2 24
(1), (2) (3) :
3
3 2

2
2
3
. .
8 24 24

1
2 1 n2 n n3 n 4
: n ,
n2 n n 1 1 2
1 n , n 1. :
() n 2 n 1
() .
.
()

1 1 n2 n n n3 n

n n n 1 1 1

1 1 n2 n2 n n 1 n3

n n n 1 1 1

1 1 n n 1 n3

n n n 1 1 1
n 1 1 n 1 n3 n3 1 2
n n 1.
n n n 1 1 1 n 1
() : n 2 n 2 n 1 n 2 2n 1 n 1 ,
2
,
.
2
.... 0
100.
40.
46.
28, ,

32. ,
.
7

n
x1 , x2 ,..., xn 1 , xn : x1 x2 ... xn 1 xn .
:
x1 x2 ... xn 1 xn 40n (1)
x2 ... xn 1 xn 46(n 1) (2)
x1 x2 ... xn 1 28(n 1) (3)
x2 ... xn 1 32(n 2) (4)
(2), (3) (4) (1) :
x1 46 6n, xn 12n 28, x1 xn 8n 64 ,
:
x1 xn (46 6n) 12n 28 8n 64 2n 10 n 5 ,
x1 16 x5 88 .
3
.
, .
.
.
.
, .
, . .
180

180 .
( =
) .
,
2 2
8

, : .
: , =
,
. .
4
xyzw 1000 x 100 y 10 z w
327 14.
wzyx 1000w 100 z 10 y x
227 16. xyzw .
:
xyzw 1000 x 100 y 10 z w 327 x y z w 14 (1)
wzyx 1000 w 100 z 10 y x 227 x y z w 16 , (2)
:
xyzw wzyx 999 x w 90 y z 100 x y z w 2 . (3)
(1) (2) 17 x y z w 30 ,
1698 100( x y z w) 2 2998
1698 999 x w 90 y z 2998.
x w 1, 2,3 ,
:
x w 1 y z 8,9 , (3)
x y z w .
x w 2 , (3) :
9 y z 10 x y z w 20 10 ,
: y z 0 x y z w 20 . (1) (2) :
xyzw 6554 wzyx 4556 .
x w 3 y z 0 , (3)
x y z w .
1

1 2 3
3.
x 3 x 2 x 1
(1 )
x 1, 2,3 :
9
1 2 3 1 2 3
3 1 1 1 0
x 3 x 2 x 1 x 3 x2 x 1
4 x 4 x 4 x 1 1 1
0 4 x 0
x 3 x 2 x 1 x 3 x 2 x 1
1 1 1
4 x 0 0 x 4 3 x 2 12 x 11 0
x 3 x 2 x 1
12 12 6 3
x4 x x4 x .
6 3
2
x 1, 2,3 :
3 x 1 x 2 x 3 x 1 x 2 2 x 1 x 3 3 x 2 x 3
3 x3 6 x 2 11x 6 x 2 3 x 2 2 x 2 4 x 3 3 x 2 5 x 6
3 x 3 18 x 2 33 x 18 6 x 2 26 x 26 3 x 3 24 x 2 59 x 44 0
: 1, 2, 4, 11, 22, 44 ,
4 . Horner
3 x3 24 x 2 59 x 44 x 4 3 x 2 12 x 11 0
6 3
x 4 0 3 x 2 12 x 11 0 x 4 x .
3
2
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7
.
5 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , .
4 .
x .
:
1 x 3d , 2 x 2d , 3 x d , 4 x, 5 x d , 6 x 2d , 7 x 3d .
7x 5
5x . , x
, 7x 5x .
7x , x 7 2 ,
5x , x
5 . 7x , x
53 . , x 53 7 2 ,
4 53 7 2 .
3
ABCD AB BD CD
A 75 . DE , E AB . Z
A E . K
10
C Z L
.
B A . KDL
DZ DA , DE .
DA BC , ABCD . DZ BC .
180 DZA
DZB ABC
180 DAB .
DZB ZBC
( DZ BC ZB ) .
,
DB ZC AB ZC 2 AB 2 ZC BL CK
ZBD CZB ZBD DCZ , DC ZB : CZB
DCZ .
DBL DCK : DB DC , BL CK DCK DBL ,
. DL DK
DKC
DLB , DLKZ . ,
KZL
KDL BZC
( )
( DZB ZBC )
ZBD
180 2 75 30 ( ABD).
. ,
D BDC 30 , CDK
30 .
BDL , KDL
4
f ( x) 4 x 2 kx m
(0,1) .
k , m .
11
0 x1 x2 1 f ( x ) . :
f ( x) 4( x x1 )( x x2 ) (1).
k , m . f (0) m
f (1) 4 k m .
4 0 1 , f (0) 0
f (1) 0 , o, , f (0) 1 f (1) 1 . (1)
x 0 x 1 : 4 x1 x2 1 4(1 x1 )(1 x2 ) 1 .
:
16 x1 (1 x1 ) x2 (1 x2 ) 1 . (2)
:
4 x1 (1 x1 ) 1 (2 x1 1) 2 0 4 x2 (1 x2 ) 1 (2 x2 1) 2 0 (3)
:
16 x1 (1 x1 ) x2 (1 x2 ) 1 . (4)
:
16 x1 1 x1 x2 1 x2 1 , (5)
1
, (3), x1 x2 .
2
.
, k m .
1
.... 0
100.
50.
56.
40, ,

45. ,
.
n
x1 , x2 ,..., xn 1 , xn : x1 x2 ... xn 1 xn .
:
x1 x2 ... xn 1 xn 50n (1)
x2 ... xn 1 xn 56(n 1) (2)
x1 x2 ... xn 1 40( n 1) (3)
x2 ... xn 1 45(n 2) (4)
(2), (3) (4) (1) :
x1 56 6n, xn 10n 40, x1 xn 5n 90 ,
12
:
x1 xn (56 6n) 10n 40 5n 90 n 6 ,
x1 20 x6 100 .
2
a , b :
a b 3
3 ,
ba a 2
: a b .
b
3 x . x 1 . :
a
1 3
x 2 2 x( x3 1) 3( x3 1) 2 x 4 3x3 2 x 1 0
1 x 3
2
2( x x ) ( x3 x) x 1 0 ( x 1)(2 x3 x 2 x 1) 0
4 3
2 x3 x 2 x 1 x3 ( x3 x 2 ) ( x 1) x3 ( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 0 .
x 1 a b .
3
k :
2018 k .
k n a1 , a2 ,..., an
a12 a22 ... an2 2018 .
n(n 1)(2n 1) n(n 1)(2n 1)
a12 a22 ... an2 12 22 ... n 2 , 2018 .
6 6
n 18
2109 n 17 . 2018 17
, .
12 ... 192 2470 ,
2470 2018 452 , 2018 17
. :
452 22 113 22 (82 7 2 ) 162 142 ,
2018 12 2 2 ... 132 152 17 2 182 19 2 , .
4
ABC AB C BC . AB (
B ) , K c( K , KA) (
K KA ). ( c ) AB D
AC E . M AB
AB AC
13
N . KME ( ( c1 ) )
( c ) Z , MN , DE , AZ
().
AZ , ( c1 ) S .
AED AMN :
D N 90o A .
ADE (1)
1 1
5
D1 Z1 ( c )
AE , : D1 Z1 (2)
K1 Z1 ( c1 )
SE , : K1 Z1 (3)
(1), (2), (3) K 1 90o A .
KAE ( KA KE (c) ) :
K K 180 2 A .
AKE 1 2
K 1 90 A , K 2 90 A .
K 2 Z 2 (c1 )
SM , : K 2 Z 2 . (4)
Z 2 N 1 , AMZN
AMN
AZN 90 .
90 ) AZD
( AZN 90o (
AD (c) ), D, Z , N
AZD
.
MN , DE , AZ (),
ADN .
14
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

76

16 2016
1.
= 0, 2 = 0, 3.
() .
()
A = ( 3 5 ) + (18 2 + 2 )
2015 2016
.

() :
2
= ..
9
3 1
, : = = .
9 3
() :
2016
2 3
2015
2 2 3 2
A = ( 3 5 ) + (18 + )
2 2016
2015 2
= 3 5 + 18 +
9 9 9 9

2015 2016
6 15 4 9
= ( 1) + ( +1)
2015 2016
= + 18 + = 1 + 1 = 0.
9 9 81 81
2.

2016 , .

2016 . 2016 = 25 32 7 .
, 2016 ,
,
2 7
. 2 7 = 14 .
2016 : ( 2 7 ) 24 32 = ( 22 3) = 122 ,
2
.
14.
3
,
( = ) = 30 0 .

= .
, :
() .
() B
.
() .
() 2 = 2 = 60 0 .
= 30 0 = = 75 0 .
, :
2 = 2 = 75 0 60 0 = 15 0 1 = 1 = 15 0 .
) = = ,
,
1 = 2 = 15 0 .
.
() ( = )
= 1 + = 15 0 + ( 180 0 ) =
= 15 0 + 180 0 75 0 = 120 0 .
= = 30 0 .

=
= 60 o ,
:
(
= 180o + )
= 180o ( 60o + 30o ) = 90o ,
.
.
4.
,
1
500 .
4
, 100 ,
. 100 ,
.
,
.
( , ,
)
,
t .
500 100 400 4
= =
500 500 5
. ,
5
t .
4
5
t .
3

x .

, 4t .
, :
5 5 5 5 (36 15 20) 1
t + t + t + x = 4t x = t 3 = t = t
4 3 4 3 12 12
, y
500
300 + y x = t,
300 + y
500 1
t = t 6000 = y + 300 5700 = y
300 + y 12
5700 .

1
: P ( x ) = 4 ( x + 4 ) 28 ( x + 4 ) + 48
2

A = 6 P ( 5 ) 4 P ( 4 ) .
() P ( x ) = 4 ( x + 4 ) 28 ( x + 4 ) + 48 = 4 ( x + 4 ) 7 ( x + 4 ) + 12
2 2

( ) ( )
= 4 x 2 + 8 x + 16 7 x 28 + 12 = 4 x 2 + x = 4 x ( x + 1) .
() A = 6 P ( 5) 4 P ( 4 ) = 6 20 ( 5 + 1) 4 16 ( 4 + 1) = 6 80 4 80 = 2 80 = 8 5
2
() :
x ( 2 x 1)( 2 x + 1) + x = 4 x3 , x .
() = 4031 4033 32256 + 32256
.
() x ( 2 x 1)( 2 x + 1) + x = x ( 4 x 2 1) + x = 4 x3 x + x = 4 x3 .
() 4031 4033 ,
2 x 1 = 4031, 2 x + 1 = 4033 , x = 2016 .
,
32256
= 16 . : 16 x ( 2 x 1)( 2 x + 1) + 16 x = 64 x3 ,
2016
x = 2016 , :
= 4031 4033 32256 + 32256 = 64 20163 = 43 20163 = ( 4 2016 ) = 80643.
3
, 8064.
3
= = 4 . ,
,
,
.

() .
()
, , , .
() = 2 .
) = = = 1 ,
( = 30 ,
2 2
= 90 30 = 60
= 90 60 = 30 .
() ,

, , .
( ) = 4 = 4 2
2 = 4 2 2 = 3 2 = 3 ,
1 2 3 2 3
( ) = = , ( ) = . ,
2 2 2
= 30o ,
()
2
() = ( ) = .
12
, :
2 3 2
. ( ) = 4 2 2 2 =2 4 3 .
2 12 6
4
, .
3
,
4
( ) .
1
,
12
.
,
.
.

3
.
4
. ,
4
4. (1)
11
, .
12 12
3 11
, + , + .
4 12 4 12
3 11 3 5
6 + = + = 9 = 5 . (2)
4 12 4 12 4 12
(2), 5 . (3)
(1) (3) 5 4 = 20 ,
20 . , (2) = 36 .
,
20 + 36 = 56 .

1

25 3
x +2 3 x 4 + 8 3 x 21 3 x 2
= + , x > 0 x 27 .
x+8 x 2 3 x + 4 9 3 x 2
3 2
3+ 3 x
.
1
: 3
x = x 3 = y > 0, x > 0 x = y 3 , x, y > 0 , :
25 y + 2 y 4 + 8 y 21 y 2
= 3 2 +
y + 8 y 2y + 4 9 y 3+ y
2

25 y+2 3
y( y + 8) 21 y 2
= 2 +
( y + 2)( y 2 y + 4) y 2 y + 4 (3 y) (3 + y) 3 + y
2
[52 ( y + 2)2 ] y ( y + 2) ( y2 2 y + 4) 21 y2
= +
( y + 2) ( y2 2 y + 4) (3 + y) (3 y) 3+ y
(7 + y )(3 y ) y ( y + 2)( y 2 2 y + 4) 21 y 2
= +
( y + 2)( y 2 2 y + 4)(3 + y )(3 y ) 3+ y

y (7 + y ) 21 y 2 7 y + y 2 + 21 y 2 7( y + 3)
= + = = = 7.
3+ y 3+ y 3+ y y+3
.
2
, 64 x 2 + 1610 x 2016 2016 = 0 .
,
. = 16 20 + 4 64 2016 2016 :
16 20 + 4 64 2016 2016 = 2 , .
, .
1620 6
4 64 20162016 = 256 20162016 .
16 20 + 4 64 2016 2016 2, 6 + 6 = 12 . ,
0,1,4,5,6,9 , .
.
3
( = ) = 40 0
. ,
,
. , .
3
. 2 + 1 = 90 0
, 1 = 60 0 .
( = ) = 400
(
+ + = 180 ) : = = 70 .
0 0
2 = 1 = 70 0 60 0 = 10 0 (1).
1 + 2 + 3 = 180 0
1 = 3 = 60 0
(
), : 2 = 60 0 .
( = = ) 1 = 2 = 60 0 .
,
() .
, .
= .
: 1 3
= .
: 2 4
: + +
= = 40 0 .
3 4 1 2
1 + 2 + 3 + 4 = 180 0 ( 2 = 60 0 ),
:
1 = 80 0 ( 2 ).
( 1 ),( 2 ) : 2 + 1 = 90 0 .
4
, , .
, ,
3
( )
4
. ,
1

4
.
1

6
.

o ,
.

3
.
4

.
8
3
, .
4 8
,
8. (1)
5
, .
6 12
3 3 5
+ + ,
4 8 12
5 3
+ + + + .
8 4 12 8 8 6

3 3 3 5 3 3
3 + + = + + + = 18 + 2 = 9 . (2)
8 8 6 4 8 12 4 12 8
3 5
2 + + = + + + = 3 + 12 = 2 (3)
8 8 6 8 4 12 8 2 12
(2), (3) :
30 = 6 5 =
(3) :
27 = 2 .
8 8 .
27 8
= 5 8 = 40 = = 27 4 = 108 .
2
8 + 40 + 108 = 156 .
1
1 = ( 2 x ) , 2 = 2 2 + x 2 ,... , x
2
. :
() n .
() n, ( n > 1), n
x, x .
() : = 2 2 + x 2 ( 2 x ) = 4 x.
2
n :
2 ( 2 x )2 + 4 ( n 1) x n
Sn = (
= x 2 + 2 n 3 x + 4 n.
( ) )
2
() n
Sn
= x 2 + 2 ( n 3) x + 4
n
x .
= 4 ( n 3) 16 = 4 ( n2 6n + 5) .
2
x, ,
= 0 n 6n + 5 = 0 n = 1 n = 5.
2
n = 1 , n > 1. , n = 5
S5
= x2 + 4 x + 4 = ( x + 2) .
2
5
x,
Sn
= x 2 + 2 ( n 3) x + 4 0 , x , 0 1 n 5 . ,
n
S
( )
2
n {2,3, 4,5} : n = x 2 + 2 ( n 3) x + 4 x .
n
2

10 x 3 6 x 2 12 x 8 = 0 . .
10 x 3 6 x 2 12 x 8 = 0 10 x 3 ( 6 x 2 + 12 x + 8 ) = 0 .
:
6 x 2 + 12 x + 8 = ( x3 + 6 x 2 + 12 x + 8) x3 = ( x + 2 ) x3 ,
3
:
10 x 3 ( 6 x 2 + 12 x + 8 ) = 0 10 x 3 ( x + 2 ) + x 3 = 0 11x3 = ( x + 2 )
3 3
2
x 3 11 = x + 2 x = .
3
11 1
3
( < < ) ,
AB A . ( c1 ) A A,
, , . (c2 )
. (c1 ) .
.

( ( c1 ) )
( c1 ) , :
(1) .
( ( c ) )
2
( c2 ) ,
(2) .
, ,
:

= / / (3) .
2

(1), (2), (3) : = = / / .
2
.
, ,
( c1 ) . = = .
.
4
(a, b)
a 17b
+ .
b 36a
a 17b a
+ = , . = x
b 36a b
17
x + = 36 x 2 36x + 17 = 0 (1)
36 x
(1). (1)
. = (36 ) 2 4 36 17 = (2 6) 2 (9 2 17)
, 9 2 17 = s 2 s .
(3 ) 2 s 2 = 17 (3 s )(3 + s ) = 17 17
3 s = 1
, s , = 3, s = 8 .
3 + s = 17
17 1 a 17
= 3 x1 = x2 = , =
6 6 b 6
a 1
= , (a, b) = (17t ,6t ) ( a, b) = (t ,6t ) t
b 6
.
1.
b1 = ( x 4 ) , b2 = x 2 + 16,... , x
2
. :
() n .
() n, ( n > 1), n
x, x .
() : = x 2 + 16 ( x 4 ) = 8 x.
2
n :
2 ( x 4 )2 + 8 ( n 1) x n
Sn = (
= x 2 + 4 n 3 x + 16 n.
( ) )
2
() n
Sn
= x 2 + 4 ( n 3) x + 16
n
x .
= 16 ( n 3) 64 = 16 ( n2 6n + 5) .
2
x, ,
= 0 n 2 6n + 5 = 0 n = 1 n = 5.
n = 1 , n > 1. , n = 5
S5
= x 2 + 8 x + 16 = ( x + 4 ) .
2
5
x,
Sn
= x 2 + 4 ( n 3) x + 16 0 , x , 0 1 n 5 .
n
S
( )
2
n {2,3, 4,5} : n = x 2 + 4 ( n 3) x + 16 x .
n
2
:
10 x4 8x3 24 x2 32 x 16 = 0 .
10 x 4 8 x 3 24 x 2 32 x 16 = 0 10 x 4 ( 8 x 3 + 24 x 2 + 32 x + 16 ) = 0 .
:
8 x3 + 24 x 2 + 32 x + 16 = ( x 4 + 8 x3 + 24 x 2 + 32 x + 16 ) x 4 = ( x + 2 ) x 4 ,
4
:
10 x 4 ( 8 x3 + 24 x 2 + 32 x + 16 ) = 0 10 x 4 ( x + 2 ) + x 4 = 0 11x 4 = ( x + 2 )
4 4
2 2
x 4 11 = x + 2 x 4 11 = x 2 x = x= 4 .
4
11 1 11 + 1
3
f , g : R , = (,0) (0, +) f ( x) g ( x) 0
x . x, y :
g ( x) f ( g ( x) ) f ( x) g ( f ( x) )
f = (1) , g = , (2)
g ( y) y f ( y) y
:
() f , g 1-1 ( ).
1 1
() f ( x) f = g ( x) g = 1 x .
x x
() x1 , x2 A g ( x1 ) = g ( x2 ) . x1 = x2 .
(1) , x x1 y x2 , :
g ( x1 ) f ( g ( x1 ) ) f ( g ( x1 ) )
f = f (1) = f ( g ( x1 ) ) = f (1) x2 ( ) .
g ( x2 ) x2 x2
(1) , x x2 y x1 , :
g ( x2 ) f ( g ( x2 ) ) f ( g ( x2 ) )
f = f (1) = f ( g ( x2 ) ) = f (1) x1 ()
g ( x1 ) x1 x1
g ( x1 ) = g ( x2 ) : f ( g ( x1 )) = f ( g ( x2 )) ( ) .
( ), (), () : x1 = x2 .
, (2) , f 1-1.
() (1) , (2) y x :
g ( x) f ( g ( x) ) f ( g ( x) )
f = f (1) = f ( g ( x) ) = f (1) x
g ( x) x x
f ( x) g ( f ( x)) g ( f ( x))
g = g(1) = g ( f ( x)) = g(1) x
f ( x) x x
x = 1 , : f ( g (1) ) = f (1) g ( f (1) ) = g (1) .
f , g 1-1, : f (1) = g (1) = 1
: f ( g ( x ) ) = g ( f ( x ) ) = x .
g ( x) x
(1) : f = .
g ( y) y
x f ( x ) y f ( y ) .
g ( f ( x) ) f ( x) x f ( x)
f = f = x = 1 , :
g ( f ( y) ) f ( y)
y f ( y)
1 f (1) 1 1 1
f = f = f ( y) f = 1.
y f ( y) y f ( y) y
4
c( , R ) . c1 ( C , AB ) ( C AB )
( c ) D E ( E
A ). c2 ( B , BD ) ( B BD )
( c1 ) F . AF BC .
ABCD , AB = CD ( CD
( c1 ) ).
ABCD AB = CD , AD // BC (*).
ABCD :
AC = BD (1) .
ABEC , AB = CD = CE ( CD = CE
( c1 ) ).
ABEC AB = CE
AC / / BE (2) .
B , E , F (
= FBC
C ).
ABEC : C = ACB = C (3) .
BC ( c1 ) ( c2 )
DF .
, ABCD :
F C = CBD = C
= ACB (4)
(3) (4) : C = FBC = C .
(2) , AC // BE // BF AC = BF = BD (
(1) ), AC , BF .
ABFC ,
.
(*)
B1 = D1 (
).
AD
BC BD . AD / / BC ,
ABCD
.
6
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

77

28 2017
1
,
() ,

+ = 4.
()
6 2 9
: = 2 + 3 .
7 27

() 0

0 . ,
+ = 4 < 4 < 4 . , :
1
= 3,= 1,= 3 ,= 2,= 2,= 1 = 1,= 3,= .
3
()
1
= , :
3
6 2 9 1 6 2 1 9
= 2 + 3( ) = 2 + 3( )
7 27 3 7 3 27
7 6 2 1
= 3( ) = 2 1 = 1.
3 7 3 3
2
12,
9 4.
.

12 = 2 2 3 ,
9 :
() 2,6,1 ( )
() 3,4,1,1 ( )
() 2,2,3,1,1 ( )
().
4,
4. 216 612.
216.
().
4,
4,
12 32.
3.
32112.
3
.
=
= .
()

.
()
.
: .
1
()
,
1 = 1 (1)
= , :

= =
2 1 (2)
(1) (2) :

= =
2 1 (3)
( = , = 90 )
:
( 3)

+
1
= 45 2
2
= 45 = 22,5
= , = ,
3 1
= , || .
= + = 45 ,
4 1 3 4

= = 22,5 .
1
()
= = 45 ,
.
.
4
.
4

.
6
.
.

x .
x
,
4
x
1 .
4

x x
1 1 = 2 . x 4
4 4
x4
.
6
:
x x4 1 x x4 1 x x4 5
2 = =+ 2 =
4 6 2 4 6 2 4 6 2
3 x 2 x 8 30
= 3 x ( 2 x 8 ) = 30 3 x 2 x + 8 = 30 x = 22.
12 12 12

22 .
1

4
3 + 3 + 3
3
2 3 27
= , =
, =
, =
.
3 2 16

4 4 3
2 3 81 3 27 27
= = = , = , =
= ,
3 2 16 2 8 16
:
3 3 3
81 27 27 3 3 3
3 3 3 4 3 3
+ +=
3
+ + =
3 3
+
4 3 4 +
16 8 16 2 2 2
312 39 39 312 23 39 39 312 23 39 39
= 12 9 12 = 12 12 12 =
2 2 2 2 2 2 212
39 ( 33 23 1) 39 ( 27 8 1) 39 18 39 32 2 311
= = = = = 11 ,
212 212 212 212 2
81 27 27 3 3 3 4 3 3
3 10
= = 4 3 4 = 11
16 8 16 2 2 2 2
, :
311
3 + 3 + 3 211 311 211
= = = = 3
310 310 211
211
2
.
=
= .
, :
() .
()

()
.
: .
1
() : = = = = = = = 2 .
= + 2
:
( + 2 ) ( )
2
=
2
+= 2 4+ 2 =
2 4 + 2 2.
()

= = 2 , :
= 2 + 2 = 2 2 + 2 2 = 2 .
, (
= 45 ), : = = = . = = = ,

2
.
()
. (), :
BZ = 4 + 2 2 = .
, ,
.
= + =
2
+ =
(
2+ 2 ) , = + = 2 + , = 2,
2 2
,
( )=
1
2
(
2 + 2 2 1+ 2
=
)
,
( )
2 2 2
( )=
1
2
( )
2 + 2 = 2 1 + 2 , ( )
( )
: = 2.
( )
3
() 9 1 105 .
() 6 9 1
105 .
() 9 1 105 = 100000 9 x, x
.
1 100000 1 1
1 < 9 x < 100000 <x< < x < 11111 + x {1, 2,...,11111} ,
9 9 9 9
x . , 1 100000
11111 9.
() () 1 100000 11111
9. 1 100000 16666
6. ,
6 9. (6,9) = 18.
(), 1 100000 5555
18. 1 100000
11111 + 16666 5555 = 27777 5555 = 22222
6 9.
4

% , .
, .
6 ,
15 ,
;
(1 )
x .
x
.
6

,
100
x x x
= 1
6 100 6 100 6
.
x
,
100 6
x

15
. :
x x 1
+ = + x .
600 15 600 15
:
1 x x0 1 1
+ x 1 + 1
600 15 100 6 600 15 100 6
1 100
+ + 40 100 2 60 30.
600 15 600
2

x
y . , ,
y x
( ).
6 6
x+ y

15
,
x x+ y
+ . ,
6 15
,

x x+ y y x 3
+ 5 x + 2( x + y ) 5 y 7 x 3 y 10 x 3 x + 3 y ,
6 15 6 x + y 10
30% .
1

x2 + 4x 9 =4 x.
x 0 :
x2 9 =0 x= 9x= 3 x= 3,
: x = 3 .
x < 0
x2 + 8x 9 =0, (2)
= 64 + 36= 100 . , 2
,
8 10
x= x= 9 x =1,
2
x = 9 .
, x = 3 x = 9.
2
abc = 100a + 10b + c
:
abc = ( a + b + c ) + a + b + c .
2
:
abc = ( a + b + c ) + a + b + c 100a + 10b + c = ( a + b + c ) + a + b + c
2 2
( a + b + c ) = 99a + 9b ( a + b + c ) = 9 (11a + b ) .
2 2
1 a 9, 0 b 9 ,
( a + b + c ) . ,
2
9 (11 1 + 0 ) = 99 9 (11a + b ) 9 (11 9 + 9 ) = 972

99 ( a + b + c ) 972 10 a + b + c 31
2
a + b + c 27, : 10 a + b + c 27 .
( a + b + c=
) 9 (11a + b )
2

(a + b + c) 2 9, a + b + c
3. , a + b + c 3k , k ,
a + b + c = 3k + 1 a + b + c = 3k + 2 , k ,
( a + b + c=
) .3 + 1, ( a + b + c ) .9 ,
2 2
(a + b + c) 2 9, .
a + b + c : 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27.
a + b + c = 12 , 11a + b = 16 a = 1, b = 5 , c = 6 abc = 156
a + b + c = 15 , 11a + b = 25 a = 2, b = 3 , c = 10 , .
a + b + c = 18 , 11a + b = 36 a = 3, b = 3 , c = 12 , .
a + b + c = 21 , 11a + b = 49 a = 4, b = 5 , c = 12 , .
a + b + c = 24 , 11a + b = 64 a = 5, b = 9 , c = 10 , .
a + b + c = 27 , 11a + b = 81 a = 7, b = 4 , c = 16 , .
156.
3
+ = 240 = = .

, .
, .
, ,
. = = x = = y x + y = 120 .
, , = ,
. = y
= 180 x y = 60 .
= = 60 .
, = ,
. : = = 60 .
+ + = 60 + 60 + 60 = 180
.
3
4
.
.
9
.
20
.
,
.
.
, , ,
x , , y .
1 1
, .
x y
3
3 ,
x
2
2 .
y
, 3
9 11
1 =,
20 20
3 2 11
+ = (1)
x y 20

x y
, , . ,
2 2

x y
=1 (2)
2 2

3 2 11
x + y =20 20 ( 2 x + 3 y ) = 11xy 20 ( 2 x + 3 y ) = 11xy

x y = x y =2 y =x2
1
2 2
20 ( 2 x + 3( x 2)=
) 11x( x 2) 100 x 120 = 11x 2 22 x

y= x 2 y= x 2
2 12 12 12
11x 2 122 x + 120 =0 x 10 + x + 10 = 0 = =
x 10 x
11 11 11
y= x 2 y= x 2
y= x 2
12
= ( x, y ) (10,8 ) , =
x ,
11
x > 3. , 10
8 .

1

a, b , ab 0 ,
x 2 + ax + b =ax
.

;
a 0 b 0 .
x 0 :
x 2 + b =0 x = b , b < 0 . (1)
x= b , , ,
b < 0. b > 0 .
x < 0
x 2 + 2ax + b =0, (2)
= 4 ( a b ) . , (2) 2 ,
2
, a 2 > b . x1 < x2 < 0 ,

= 4 ( a 2 b ) > 0, x1 + x2 = 2a < 0 x1 x2 = b > 0 a 2 > b, a > 0, b > 0 .
(2) , ,
a 2 > b b < 0 b < 0 .
= 0 a 2 = b > 0 , , a > 0 ,
b > 0.
:
, ,
a 2 > b, a > 0, b > 0 b < 0 .
, ,
a 2 > b, a > 0, b > 0 b < 0, ().
.
2
:
x1 + x2 + ... + x2017 + 2017 = 0
4 3.
x1 + x2 + ... + x2017 = ( x1 ) + ( x2 ) + ... + ( x2017 )
4 4 3 3
:
( x1 + 1) + ( x2 + 1) + ... + ( x2017 + 1) =. 0 (1)
:
x14 + x24 + ... + x2017
4
= x13 x23 + ... x2017
3
x14 + x13 + x24 + x23 + ... + x2017

4
+ x2017
3
=
0
x13 ( x1 + 1) + x23 ( x2 + 1) + ... + x2017
3
( x2017 + 1) = 0 (2)
(1) (2) :
( x1 + 1) ( x13 + 1) + ( x2 + 1) ( x23 + 1) + ... + ( x2017 + 1) ( x2017
3
+ 1) =
0
( x1 + 1) 2 ( x12 x1 + 1) + ( x2 + 1) 2 ( x22 x2 + 1) + ... + ( x2017 + 1) 2 ( x2017
2
x2017 + 1) =
0
2
1 3
: x xi + 1= xi + > 0, xi , i =
2
i 1, 2,..., 2017 ,
2 4
, , ,
xi + 1 =0, i =1, 2,..., 2017 xi =1, i =1, 2,..., 2017 x1 =x2 =... =x2017 =1.
3
c(O,R) ( < < )
.
, .
, , , ,
.
.
4
.
: .
: . ,
: , (
).
, : . (
, )
, ,
, .
, : (
).
: ,
, , , .
4
(a, b)
ab + 1 ab + 1
.
a b

ab + 1 ab + 1
= p =q (1)
a b
, . ,
(ab + 1) 2
. ab = x
ab
( x + 1) 2
= k , k > 0, k .
x
H :
x 2 + 2 x + 1 = kx x 2 + (2 k ) x + 1 = 0 . (2)
(2) ,
. (2 k ) 2 4 =s 2 s .
(k 2 s )(k 2 + s ) =4 , :
=k 2s 1 =k 2s 2

=k 2+s 4 =k 2+s 2
s = 0 k = 4 .
0 , x = 1 , ab = 1 .
(2) ( x 1) 2 = (3)
2 2
= p=
(1) , q , (3) pq = 4 ,
a b
p, q . ( p, q ) {(1, 4), (2, 2), (4,1)} , :
1 1
(a, b) 2, , (1,1), , 2 .
2 2
1.
:
4 x+2
x 4 32 x 2 + 257 2 =
0.
x + 4x + 8

4 x+2
x 4 32 x 2 + 257 = (1)
x + 4x + 8
2
(1) :
(x 16 ) + 1 1.
2
x 4 32 x 2 + 257= 2
x 2 16 =0 x2 =16 x =4 x = 4.
(1) :
4 x+2 4 x+2 4 x+2 4 x+2
= = = 1.
x + 4x + 8 ( x + 2) + 2
2 2 2
x+2 +2
2 2
2 x + 2 2
x + 2 =2 x + 2 =2 x =0 x =4.
(1) , ,
1, x = 4.
2.
n
=
n ( n + 182 ) .
, k
:
= n ( n + 182 ) = k n ( n + 182 )= k 2 . (1)
n ( n + 182 ) , k .

, k = , , * ( , ) = 1 ,

2 ( , ) =1
= n ( n + 182 ) *
2
2
= 1.
2
(1) :
n ( n + 182 ) = k 2 n 2 + 182n = k 2 ( n + 91) k 2 = 912
2
( n + 91 k )( n + 91 + k ) = 912 = 7 2 132.
n + 91 k < n + 91 + k ,
n= + 91 k 7 n= + 91 k 13 n + 91 k = 7 2 n=+ 91 k 1
2

2
2
n + 91 + k = 7 13 n + 91 + k = 7 13 n + 91 + k = 13 n + 91 + k = 7 13
2 2
= ( n, k ) ( 234,312=
( n, k ) ( 504,588 )= ) ( n, k ) (18, 60 )=
( n, k ) ( 4050, 4140 )
n 18, 234, 504 4050.
3
c(O,R) ( < < )
.
, ,
c(O,R) ( ) .
c1 .
c2
. , , ,
, .

5
(
), = .
(
C1(), =E .
(
C2(), =
. : .
, : .
, : .
, :
.
,,, .
, :
= = =
1 1
. .
: 1 =
=
= .
1
:
=
,
c
1
c1
.

, , , .
4
f :
f ( 2 xf ( y ) + y ) + f ( 2 x ( y + 1)=
) f ( 2 x + y ) + 4 xy , (1)
x, y .
(i) a f ( a ) = 1 .
(ii) f .

(i) x, y 2 x ( y + 1) = 2 x + y .
,
1
2 x ( y + 1) = 2 x + y 2 xy + 2 x = 2 x + y 2 xy = y x = , y x , y = 0.
2
( x, y ) 4 xy = 1 ,
1 1
=x =,y . (1) :
2 2
1 1 3 3 1 1
f f + + f = f + 1 f f += 1,
2 2 2 2 2 2
1 1
= a f + : f ( a ) = 1.
2 2
1
, , y , y (1),
2

f (=
f ( y ) + y ) 2 y, y ,
. ,
f , 1.
1
y = .
2
(ii) (1) y = a x , :
f ( 2 x + a ) + f ( 2 x ( a + 1)=
) f ( 2 x + a ) + 4 xa f ( 2 x ( a + 1)=) 4 xa. (2)
a 1, a = 1 , f ( 0 ) = 2 x,
x , . (2)
t
=x , t , :
2 ( a + 1)
2a 2a
f (t ) = t = ct , t , c = .
a +1 a +1
f (1), :
c ( 2 xcy + y ) + 2cxy + 2cx = 2cx + cy + 4 xy, x, y
2 ( c 2 + c 2 ) xy =0, x, y c =1 c =2.
: f ( x ) =
x, x f ( x ) =
2 x, x .
2009 2017
(parmenides51)

( links pdf)
. / / juniors / seniors
2008-09 26 / 21-02-2009 2009: - -

2009-10 27 / 27-02-2010 2010: - -
2010-11 28 / 26-02-2011 2011: - -
2011-12 29 / 03-03-2012 2012: - -
2012-13 30 / 23-02-2013 2013: - -
2013-14 31 / 22-02-2014 2014: - -
2014-15 32 / 28-02-2015 2015: - -
2015-16 26 / 27-02-2016 2016: - -
2016-17 26 / 04-03-2017 2017: - -
(bookmarks) pdf.

,
.
parmenides51 :

26
" "
, 21 2009

1

9n 2 + 31
=
n2 + 7
, n .
2
x
. x = .
.
3

1 3 5 595 597 2 4 6 596 598
= ... = ... .
4 6 8 598 600 5 7 9 599 601
:
1
() < , () < .
5990

(-
) ( ).
k

( )
.
(
),
k , -
.

27
" "
, 27 2010
1

80 + 3 , , ` = {0,1, 2,...} .
2
= = .
.
= = .
, :
(i) = 3 , (ii) = , (iii) .
3
a, b 3 -
x, y z 1, :
( ax + b )( ay + b )( az + b ) 27 .
x, y z ;
4
1 , 2 3 -
2 1 3 . 5
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 5 1 , 2 3 ,
.

1 , 2 , 3 , 4 5
1 , 2 3 , :
() 1 , 2 , 3 2 , 4 1 5 3 .
() 1 , 2 1 , 3 , 4 3 5 2 .
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

28
" "
, 26 2011

1
= 120D ,
,

. . :
() , () = .
2
x =

. y = x > y .
x y ,
x , y .
3
3 + 1 , , 7,
:
() 7,
() m 7, m, m > 1 .
4
x, y, z 12, :
x y z
+ + +3 x + y + z .
y z x
;
: 3
5

29
" "
3 2012

1
( < < ),
c(O, R) ( O R ). c1 ( , ) (
)
c(O, R) .
.
2
a \ ,
x 4 2 x + 8 = ax + 4 .
3
m, n , m > n ,
{m, n} + {m, n} = m + n . (*)
() n m .
() m n = 10 , ( m, n )
(*).
4

1 , 2 , .
3 , 4 . ,
3 4 ,

1 , 2 , 3 , 4 :
() 3 , 4
,
() 3 , 4 .

3 4 .
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e-mail : info@hms.gr, e-mail : info@hms.gr,

30 " "
23 2013

1
() = k 4 + 4 , k ,

. 2
()
4 1 4 1 4 1 1
2 + 4 + 6 + ( 2n ) +
4
4 4 4 4
=
4 1 4 1 4 1 1
1 + 3 + 5 + ( 2n 1) +
4
4 4 4 4
.
3
2
, < .
.
,
,
= . = . 5
3
= abcd = a 103 + b 102 + c 10 + d
: a 7 a > b > c > d > 0 .
= dcba = d 103 + c 102 + b 10 + a ,
. +
, .
5
4
( x, y, z )
:
1 2 4
+ = 1.
x y z
5
: 3 30

. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

31
" "
22 2014

1
ABC BC .
BCDE , : BE AM
AM
BE = EM
2
AD .
2
p m . ( p, m )

p ( p + m ) + p = ( m + 1) .
3
3
:
z 2y x 2z y 2x
x3 = , y3 = , z3 = .
y z z x x y
4.
1, 2, 3, ...,20 ,
.

1;
: 3 30
5 !

32
" "
28 2015

1

x 2 + ( 2 ) x ( 1)( 2 3) = 0
, .
2
( m, n ) m n ,
= ( m + n ) = 2n ( 3m 2 + n 2 ) + 8 .
3
3.
2014 ,
1006 2 1;
4

c ( , R ) .
.

() = , = .
2

() = , .
2
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33 " "
27 2016

1
p, q r n .
p, q 1 , p 1 q 1 r n 138 .
n .
2
x, y, z , x z, 0

x y 2 xy 9,
2
y z 3 yz 4.
2
:
x y 2 z 3 y z 2 x3 z x 2 y 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 .
y x x y z y y z x z z x
3
( // ) 90 .
,
.
, .
4.
(1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 )
, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 0,1 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 .
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

34 " "
4 2017

1
.

= =
. ,
3 4
.
2
x, y, z , :
{ x ( 6 y ) = 9, y ( 6 z ) = 9, z ( 6 x ) = 9}. .
3
a, b, p, p ,

1 1 1
= + .
p a 2 b2
4.
n
.
() 3
() To n
() .
n .
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

26
" "
, 21 2009

1

9n 2 + 31
= 2
n +7
, n .

9n 2 + 31 9(n 2 + 7) 32 32
= 2 = =9 2 .
n +7 n +7
2
n +7
, n 2 + 7 32
n 2 + 7 8 , :
n 2 + 7 {8,16,32} n 2 {1,9, 25} n {1,1, 3,3, 5,5} .
, n 2
n 2 -
.
2
x
. x = .
.

(1 )
= = ,

-
, .
C ( , BA )
= 60D . :

= 1
= 300 .
2
2
=
= , = ,
.
,
, ,
.
.
, :
= , = .
:
=

= = .
,
:
=
( )
=
= 60D ( ).

= = 90D = 90D 60D = 300 .
3

1 3 5 595 597 2 4 6 596 598
= ... = ... .
4 6 8 598 600 5 7 9 599 601
:
1
() < , () < .
5990

2 1
() , = 1, 2,..., 299 , -
2 + 2
2
, = 1, 2,..., 299 .
2 + 3
:
2 1 2
< 4 2 + 4 3 < 4 2 + 4 3 < 0 ,
2 + 2 2 + 3
` , = 1, 2,..., 299 , 299
*
, < .
() > 0 , <
, :
1 2 3 1 1 1
2 < = < = < .
599 600 601 100 599 2
5990 2
5990
4

(-
) ( ).
k

( )
.
(
),
k , -
.

-

.
1 , 2 , 3
1 , 2 , 3 , -
,
.
, -

.

, -
20 . ,
,
,
k 21 . k 21.
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

27
" "
, 27 2010
1

80 + 3 , , ` = {0,1, 2,...} .

80 + 3 , , ` = {0,1, 2,...} , -
.
= 0 3 0.
= 1
= 80 + 3 = 3 ( 26 + ) + 2 = 3 + 2, 26 ,
3 2,
26 3 + 2, = 0,1, 2,...25 .
= 2
= 160 + 3 = 3 ( 53 + ) + 1 = 3 + 1, 53 ,
3 2,
53 3 + 1, = 0,1, 2,...52 .
3 240 -
80 + 3 , , ` . -
79 2,5,8, ... ,77 1,4,7,... , 157,
.
2
= = .
.
= = .
, :
(i) = 3 , (ii) = , (iii) .

,
,
= , = = ,
. .

2
=
1800
= 1800

=
,
= . = ,
. -
3
= . , -
2
= .
3
= = 3.
2 2
(ii) ,
= , = = 60D =
.
= .
(iii) = =
= 90D .
.
3
a, b 3 -
x, y z 1, :
( ax + b )( ay + b )( az + b ) 27 .
x, y z ;

a 3 xyz + a 2b ( xy + yz + zx ) + ab 2 ( x + y + z ) + b3 27 . (1)
x, y z
xyz = 1 ,
x + y + z 3 3 xyz = 3 , (2)
3
xy + yz + zx 3 3 xyyzzx = 3 3 ( xyz ) = 3
2
(3)
(2), (3) a, b > 0 xyz = 1 ,
a 3 xyz + a 2b ( xy + yz + zx ) + ab 2 ( x + y + z ) + b3 a 3 + 3a 2b + 3ab 2 + b3 ,
, , , (1), -
a 3 + 3a 2b + 3ab 2 + b3 27 ( a + b ) 27,
3
, a + b = 3 .
x, y z (2) (3) -
, x = y = z = 1 .
4
1 , 2 3 -
2 1 3 . 5
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 5 1 , 2 3 ,
.

1 , 2 , 3 , 4 5
1 , 2 3 , :
() 1 , 2 , 3 2 , 4 1 5 3 .
() 1 , 2 1 , 3 , 4 3 5 2 .

5
5
, = 10 .
3
.
(). , 1 , 2 , 3 , 2 .
, -
.
4
-
1 2 , 2 3 , 1 3 . 2 -
1 3 4 , 5 -
1 3 1 2 2 4 = ,
1 3 4 1 3 5 .
,
12 = 24 = 25 = , , -
, 1 2 4 2 3 4
1 2 5 2 3 5 , 4 .
2 4 5
1 4 5 3 4 5 . -
8
,
.
4 1 , 5 3 , 4 5 -
1 2 , 1 4 2 5 (-
, 1 2 = 2 ) 4 ,
1 2 4 , 1 2 5 , 1 4 5 2 4 5 . 3
2 2 3 = 3 4 = 2 5 ,
, 2 3 4 , 2 3 5 3 4 5 . -
7 . 2 3 2 4 = 2 5 ,
5 .
8.
(). 1 , 2 1
3 , 4 3 1 2 4 3 ,
4 , -
,
.
5
5 2 , -
1 , 2 , 3 4 .
1 2 4 3 1 2 3 4
, 5 = 2 -
. 4 .
5
, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ,
1 3 , ,
4 . , 5 2 ,

, 5
8 .
4 ,
, 1 2 4 3
, 4 5 ,
5 2 .

28
" "
, 26 2011

1
= 120D . ,

.
. :
() , () = .

= 90D B
()
. = 90D .
.
,
.
1
= 90D . ,
, :
(
= 180D HBZ+BZH
) (1)

= EB
HBZ + BA=120
+ BA=EA
D = 30D +
90D + BA . (2)
( = = 90D ) :
=
= (3)
(2) (3) (1) :
( ) (
= 150D +
= 180D 30D ++
)
= 150D (180D 120D ) = 90D .
() , +
=
=
=
90D + 90D = 180D .
= 120D 90D = 30D .

, = 2 = , .
2
x =

. y = x > y .
x y ,
x , y .

:
x y = 1000 + 100 + 10 + 1000 100 10
= 1000( ) + 100( ) + 10( ) +
= 999( ) + 90( )
= 9 (111( ) + 10( ) ) .
:
A = 111( ) + 10( ) .
, , , (
). x > y , > .
,
> . = 9 = 1 .
= 8 = 2 .
x = 9821 y = 1289
x y = 9821 1289 = 8532 .
,
.
1.
( , ) :
(9,8) , (8, 7) , (7, 6) (6,5) (5, 4) (4,3) (3, 2) (2,1) .
( , ) ,
:
A = 111 + 10( ) .
8
= 1 = 9 .
(9,8) (2,1) (
),
x , y .
3192 2913 279

4193 3914 279
5194 4915 279
6195 5916 279
7196 6917 279
8197 7918 279
3
3 + 1 , , 7,
:
() 7,
() m 7, m .

() 3 + 1 = 7 , , .
= 7 + , {0,1, 2,3, 4,5, 6} . :
3 ( 7 + ) + 1 = 7 21 + 3 + 1 = 7 3 + 1 = 7 ,
2. = 7 + 2,
, 7 2.
()
m
m
m = ( 7 + 2 ) = ( 7 ) 2i = .7 + 2m .
m m i
i =0 i
, 2m 7.
m = 3 + , {0,1, 2} , :
2 m = 23 + = 8 2 = ( 7 + 1) 2 = ( .7 + 1) 2 = .7 + 2 ,

{0,1, 2} . m 7,
m 20 = 1, 21 = 2 22 = 4.
4
x, y , z 12, :
x y z
+ + +3 x + y + z .
y z x
;

x, y , z 12,

x y z x+ y+ z
+ + + x+ y+ z. (1)
y z x 4
x, y, z ,

x y x y
+ 2 = x, (2)
y 4 y 4
y z y z
+ 2 = y, (3)
z 4 z 4
z x z x
+ 2 = z . (4)
x 4 x 4
(2), (3) (4) (1).
, (2), (3) (4)
.,
2
x y y z z x y2 z2 x2 y2 z2 1 y2 y4
= , = , = x= , y= , z= x= , y= , z= = 3
y 4 z 4 x 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4
4
y2 z2 1 z2
x= , y= , z= 3
4 4 4 4
2 2
y z 1
x = , y = , z = 7 z8
4 4 4
2 2
y z
x = , y = , z 7 = 47 x = y = z = 4.
4 4
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29
" "
3 2012

1
( < < ),
c(O, R) ( O R ). c1 ( , ) (
)
c(O, R) .
.

(1 )
c(O, R) ( 1)
p , ,

= = . (1)
2
,
c ( , ) p ,
1
.

= = 1 + 2 .
= (2)
2 2
(1) (2)
2

= 1 + 2 ,
(3)
2
2
=
,
1 2
.
2
( c ) ,
( c1 ) ,
=
= . (3)
1
c ( O, R )
, ,
= .
(4)
(3) (4),
= = (5)
1

=
= . (6)
2 1
, : 1 = =

1
, :
= = + = +
1 1

1 = = . (7)
(6) (7) :
=
. (8)
1 2
, = c ( O, R )
2 2
p , ,

=
= = . (9)
2 2
(7), (8) (9) =

= ,
1 2
.

2
a \ ,
x 4 2 x + 8 = ax + 4 .

x 4 ,
:
. x 4 . x 4 = x 4 :
x 4 2 x + 8 = ax + 4 ( x 4 ) = ax + 4 x 4 = ax + 4
x 4 = ax + 4 (1 a ) x = 8,
:
a = 1 : 0 x = 8 .
3
8
a 1 x = ,
1 a
8 2 1+ a
4 1 0 ( a + 1)( a 1) 0, a 1 1 a < 1 .
1 a 1 a 1 a
a < 1 a 1 4.
. x < 4 . x 4 = x + 4 :
x + 4 2 x + 8 = ax + 4 3 ( x 4 ) = ax + 4 3 ( x 4 ) = ax + 4
3x + 12 = ax + 4 ( a + 3) x = 8,
:
a = 3 : 0 x = 8 .
8
a 3 x = ,
a+3
8 2 a 1
<4 <1 <0
a+3 a+3 a+3
( a + 3)( a + 1) > 0, a 3 a < 3 a > 1.
3 < a 1 4.
, :
8
a < 3 , x = .
a+3
3 a < 1 , .
8
a = 1 , x = .
1 a
8 8
1 < a < 1 , x = x = .
1 a a+3
8
a 1 , x = .
a+3
3
m, n , m > n ,
{m, n} + {m, n} = m + n . (*)
() n m .
() m n = 10 , ( m, n )
(*).

() {m, n} = d . a, b :
m = ad , n = bd {a, b} = 1.
mn adbd
{m, n} = = = abd (*) :
d d
abd + d = ad + bd d ( ab + 1 a b ) = 0 ,
, d 1 , :
4
ab + 1 a b = 0 ( a 1)( b 1) = 0 a = 1 b = 1.
a = 1, m = d n = bd d = m, .
b = 1 , n = d m = ad , n m .
() (), n = d m = ad , a > 1,
m > n,
m n = 10 ad d = 10 ( a 1) d = 10 .
a 1, d ,
( a 1, d ) {(1,10) , ( 2,5) , ( 5, 2) , (10,1)} ( a, d ) {( 2,10) , ( 3,5) , ( 6, 2) , (11,1)} ,

( m, n ) = ( 20,10 ) (15,5) (12, 2 ) (11,1) .
4

1 , 2 , .
3 , 4 . ,
3 4 ,

1 , 2 , 3 , 4 :
() 3 , 4
,
() 3 , 4 .

3 4 .

,
4 4!
= = 4 . ,
3 3!1!

4. , () (),
3 4 ,
1 , 2 , 3 4 .
1 2
. 1 2
, 1 2 .
,

1 , 2 , 3 4 .
() 3 , 4 .
1 2
:
5
3 4
1 2
. 1 2 3 1 2 4 .
4
c ( 1 , 13 ) , 13 = 1 4 , 2 3 = 2 4 (
), 13 4 2 3 4 ,
2.
2
. 3 4
,
, 1 , 2 ,
c ( 1 , 1 2 ) , 1 2 = 13 = 1 4
1 4 = 13 , 2 4 = 2 3 ,
3 4 , 3.
3
1 2
1 2 3 1 2 4 , 4.
1 2 3 1 4 3 , 1 2 4 2 4 3
, ,
4 1 = 1 2 = 3 2 4 3 = 4 2 = 1 2 .
:
= = x . (1)
6
13 4 :
+ + 2 = 1800 + 3 = 1800 , (2)
2 3 4
2 ( ) + x + = 1800 3 = 1800 . (3)
(2) (3) : = 720 = 360 .
() 3 , 4 .
:
3 1 2
4
1 2 13 , .
1 , 2 , 3 4 .
5
4 3
1 2 3 , 5.
3 4 1 2 3 4
( ),
1 2 = 1 4 = 2 3 1 2 1 4 , 1 2 2 3 , 6,

1 2 = 1 4 = 2 3 = 2 4 , 7.
4
c ( 1 , 1 2 ) 1 2 = 1 4
3 1 2 4 .
7
3 4
.
6 7
3 4
,
, 8 9.
(), = = 360 = x = 720 .
8 9
1. 1 2 3 4
.
1 2 3 4

, 9 10.
(), 4.
2. () 3
, : 13 = 12 13 12 ,
1 2 3 , 10.
4 3 .
10,
4
.
.
8
10
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30 " "
23 2013

1
() = k 4 + 4 , k ,

.
()
4 1 4 1 4 1 1
2 + 4 + 6 + ( 2n ) +
4
4 4 4 4
=
4 1 4 1 4 1 1
1 + 3 + 5 + ( 2n 1) +
4
4 4 4 4
.

()
k 4 + 4 = ( k 2 ) + 4k 2 + 2 2 4k 2 = ( k 2 + 2 ) ( 2k )
2 2 2
= ( k 2 + 2 2k )( k 2 + 2 + 2k ) = ( k 1) + 12 ( k + 1) + 12 .
2 2

() ( 24 ) ,
n
:
4 1 4 1 4 1 1
2 + 4 + 6 + ( 2n ) +
4
4 4 4 4
=
4 1 4 1 4 1 1
1 + 3 + 5 + ( 2n 1) +
4
4 4 4 4
( 44 + 4)(84 + 4)(124 + 4) ( 4n) + 4
4
=
( 24 + 4)( 64 + 4)(104 + 4) ( 4n 2)4 + 4
(32 +1)( 52 +1)( 72 +1)( 92 +1)(112 +1) ( 4n 3)2 +1 ( 4n 1)2 +1 ( 4n +1)2 +1
=
(12 +1)(32 +1)( 52 +1)( 72 +1)( 92 +1)(112 +1)(132 +1) ( 4n 3)2 +1 ( 4n 1)2 +1
( 4n + 1)
2
+1
= 8n2 + 4n + 1 = 4n2 + 4n2 + 4n + 1 = ( 2n ) + ( 2n + 1) .
2 2
=
1 +1
2
2
. ()
1 1 1 1
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1 2 1
k + = k + k = k + k k + + k = k + k + + .
4 2
4 2 2 2 2 4 2 4
.
2
, < .
.
,
,
= . = .
(1 )
= .
.
& = , ( ).
1 1
= = = , .
1 1 1 2
= , = .
1 2
= ,
= .
2

, ,
, . ,
= (1)

= 2 . (2)
3
2

1 = 1 , ( ).
= = , .
= 1 1 1 2

= ,
1 2
= . (3)
:
= +
= + ( (1))
= + 2 ( (3))
= + = . ( (2))
3
= abcd = a 103 + b 102 + c 10 + d
: a 7 a > b > c > d > 0 .
= dcba = d 103 + c 102 + b 10 + a ,
. +
,
.

:
+ B = ( a + d ) 103 + ( b + c ) 102 + ( b + c ) 10 + ( a + d ) .
, + .
+
a + d b + c 10. :
() a + d 10 b + c 10 . , a > b > c > d > 0 , :
a + d = 10 + k , k = 0,1, 2,...,5 ,
b + c = 10 + A, A = 0,1, 2,...,5 .
+
+ B = (10 + k ) 103 + (10 + A ) 102 + (10 + A ) 10 + (10 + k )
= 104 + ( k + 1) 103 + ( A + 1) 102 + ( A + 1) 10 + k ,
1, k + 1, A + 1, A + 1, k , ,
, k k + 1 .
4
() a + d 10 b + c < 10 . , a > b > c > d > 0 , :

a + d = 10 + k , k = 0,1, 2,...,5 +
+ B = (10 + k ) 103 + ( b + c ) 102 + ( b + c ) 10 + (10 + k )
= 104 + k 103 + ( b + c ) 102 + ( b + c + 1) 10 + k ,
:
b + c = 9 , + 0, , .
b + c < 9 , + b + c b + c + 1
.
() a + d < 10 b + c 10 . , a > b > c > d > 0 , :
b + c = 10 + A, A = 0,1, 2,...,5 +
+ B = ( a + d ) 103 + (10 + A ) 102 + (10 + A ) 10 + ( a + d )
= ( a + d + 1) 103 + ( A + 1) 102 + A 10 + ( a + d ) ,
A A + 1 + , .
() a + d < 10 b + c < 10 . +
a + d b + c , .
a > b > c > d > 0 a 7 , a + d = 9 5 c 2, 6 b 3 ,
10 > b + c 5 , b + c {5, 7,9} ,
:
a + d = 9 a = 8, d = 1 b + c = 9 b = 7, c = 2 b = 6, c = 3 b = 5, c = 4
, : = 8721 , = 8631 , = 8541 .
a + d = 9 a = 7, d = 2 b + c = 9 b = 6, c = 3 b = 5, c = 4.
: = 7632 , = 7542
a + d = 9 a = 8, d = 1 b + c = 7 b = 5, c = 2 b = 4, c = 3.
: = 8521 , = 8431 .
a + d = 9 a = 7, d = 2 b + c = 7 b = 4, c = 3.
: = 7432 .
a + d = 9 a = 8, d = 1 b + c = 5 b = 3, c = 2 .
: = 8321 .
4
( x, y, z )
:
1 2 4
+ =1
x y z

x 3 y 3 , :
1 2 4 1 2 4 4
+ + = 1 < 1,
x y z 3 3 z z
. : x 2 y 2 ,
: x = 1 x = 2 y = 1 y = 2 .
:
5
2 4
x = 1 : = 0 z = 2 y y = k , z = 2k , k
y z
, ( x, y, z ) = (1, k , 2k ) , k ] .
x = 2 :
2 4 1 2 8+ z 4z 4 ( z + 8 ) 32 32
= = y= y= y = 4 .
y z 2 y 2z z +8 z +8 z +8
y , z + 8
32 8.
z + 8 16 32, z = 8 z = 24. z = 8 y = 2 ,
z = 24 y = 3 .
( x, y, z ) = ( 2, 2,8) ( x, y, z ) = ( 2, 3, 24 ) .
1 4 4 1+ x 4x 4
y = 1 : = 1 = z= = 4 .
x z z x 1+ x 1+ x
z , 1 + x
4 1, 1 + x = 2 1 + x = 4
x = 1 x = 3 x = 1 z = 2, x = 3
z = 3 .
( x, y, z ) = (1,1, 2 ) ( x, y, z ) = ( 3, 1,3) .
1 4
y = 2 : = 0 z = 4 x x = A, z = 4A, A
x z
. ,
( x, y, z ) = ( A, 2, 4A ) , A .
, ,
:
( x, y, z ) = (1, k , 2k ) , k ,
( x, y, z ) = ( A, 2, 4A ) , A ,
( x, y, z ) = ( 3,1,3) ( x, y, z ) = ( 2, 3, 24 ) .
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31
" "
22 2014

1
ABC BC .
AM
BCDE , : BE & AM BE =
2
EM AD .

AM ED N .
BMNE , EN = BM = MC = ND . N
AM
ED . = 2 M
MN
EAD , M AED .
EM AED
E , AD .
A
B C

E N D
1
1

2
p m . ( p, m )

p ( p + m ) + p = ( m + 1) .
3

p ( p + m + 1) = ( m + 1) ,
3
(1)
( m + 1)
3
p .
, p , p ( m + 1) ,
k m + 1 = kp . , (1) :
p ( p + kp ) = ( kp ) k + 1 = k 3 p k 3 ( k + 1) k ( k + 1) k = 1.
3
p = 2, m = 1 ( p, m ) = ( 2,1) .
3
:
z 2y x 2z y 2x
x3 = , y3 = , z3 = .
y z z x x y
x, y, z \ , xyz 0 , :
x3 yz = z 2 2 y 2 (1)
y 3 zx = x 2 2 z 2 (2)
z 3 xy = y 2 2 x 2 (3)
:
xyz ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) ( xyz + 1) = 0 .
xyz 0 x 2 + y 2 + z 2 > 0 ,
:
xyz = 1 (4)
(4) (1), (2) (3) :
x2 = z 2 + 2 y 2 (5)
y = x + 2z
2 2 2
(6)
z = y + 2x
2 2 2
(7)
(5) (6) y = z , (6) (7) x 2 = z 2 ,
2 2
:
x2 = y 2 = z 2 x = y = z x = y = z . (8)
, (8) (4) :
( x, y, z ) = ( 1, 1, 1) , ( x, y, z ) = (1,1, 1) , ( x, y, z ) = (1, 1,1) , ( x, y, z ) = ( 1,1,1) .
4.
1, 2, 3, ...,20 ,
.

1;
1 2 ( ).
2 2 ( ).
2,
2,4,6,8,10,12,14,16,18,20 2.
2,
3,5,7,9,15 2.
( 10,
11,13,17,19) 2 ( ).
, 2 2 2 2 2 2 = 26 = 64
.
. 62 .

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32
" "
28 2015

(
, )
1

x 2 + ( 2 ) x ( 1)( 2 3) = 0
, .

= ( 2 ) + 4 ( 1)( 2 3 ) = 9 2 24 + 16 = ( 3 4 ) ,
2 2

2 ( 3 4 )
x1,2 = x1 = 1, x2 = 2 + 3.
2
:
x1 = x22 x2 = x12 1 = ( 2 + 3) 2 + 3 = ( 1)
2 2
1 = 4 2 12 + 9 2 + 3 = 2 2 + 1
5
4 2 13 + 10 = 0 2 = 2 = 2 = = 2 = 2.
4
2
( m, n ) m n ,
= ( m + n ) = 2n ( 3m 2 + n 2 ) + 8 .
3
.

= ( m + n ) , = 2n ( 3m2 + n2 ) + 8 . ( m + n ) 2n ( 3m2 + n 2 ) + 8
3 3
:
( m + n) 2n ( 3m 2 + n 2 ) + 8 m3 + 3m 2 n + 3mn 2 + n3 6m 2 n + 2n3 + 8
3
mn
m3 3m 2 n + 3mn 2 n3 8 ( m n ) 8
3
m n 2 m n {0,1, 2}.
:
m n = 0 m = n. = 8m3 , = 8m3 + 8 ,
8m3 8m3 + 8 8m3 8 m = 1, m > 0 ( m, n ) = (1,1) .
m n = 1 .
3
( 2
)
= ( 2n + 1) , = 2n 3 ( n + 1) + n2 + 8 = 8n3 + 12n 2 + 6n + 8 = ( 2n + 1) + 7 .
3
, ( 2n + 1) 7 2n + 1 = 1 n = 0, m = 1 ( m, n ) = (1, 0 ) .
3
m n = 2 . = 8 ( n + 1) = ,
3

( k + 2, k ) , k 0 .
3.
2014 ,
1006 2 1;
. 1 , 2
1. 1007
1. 1 1006
2 1006 .
1 2
1. , 1 :
1006 1006 = 1006 2
.
4

c ( , R ) .
.

() = , = .
2

() = , .
2
() ,
, ,
:
()
=
, =
(
=
) , = .

= = .
2
() < .

. = (
), 2 = = 2 ,
= . , ,
= . = , = .

= 180 , .
, = .
3
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

33 " "
27 2016

1
p, q r n .
p, q 1 , p 1 q 1 r n 138 .
n .

, :
pqr n pqr n pqr n
.
p 1 q 1 r n 138 pqr p q r r n 138 p q 1 r 138

p q 1 r 138 2 3 23 (1)
p, q, r
pqr n n .
p, q, r , r 2 3 23,
:
r 2, p q 1 69 p q 68 , , p, q ,
:
p, q 7,61 , p, q 61,7 , p, q 31,37 , p, q 37,31.
:
n 7 61 2 854 n 31 37 2 2294 .
r 3, p q 1 46 p q 45 , ,
p, q , :
p, q 2, 43 , p, q 43, 2 n 2 43 3 258 .
r 23, p q 1 6 p q 5 p, q 2,3 p, q 3, 2 ,
n 2 3 23 138 .
n : 138, 258, 854 2294.
2
x, y, z , x z, 0

x y 2 xy 9,
2
y z 3 yz 4.
2
:
x y 2 z 3 y z 2 x3 z x 2 y 3
2 2 2 2 2 2 .
y x x y z y y z x z z x
:
x 2 y 2 xy 7, (1)
y z yz 7,
2 2
(2)
:
x2 z 2 xy yz 0 x z x z y x z 0 x z x z y 0.
, x z 0 , :
x y z 0. (3)
.
x y2 z3 x3 y 3 z 3 y z 2 x3 x3 y 3 z 3
2 2 , ,
y x x y x2 y z y2 y2z y2z
z x 2 y 3 x3 y 3 z 3
, :
x z2 z2 x z2 x
x y3 z3
3 3
. (4)
xyz
3
(3) : z x y,
x3 y 3 z 3 x3 y 3 x y x 3 y 3 x y
3 3
3xy x y 3xy z 3xyz. (5)

(5) Euler.
, (4)
x y3 z3
3
3xyz
3 3
27.
xyz xyz
3 3
3
( // ) 90 .
,
.
, .
, , . ,
// , .
, :
// (1)
, , ,
, :
(2).
(1) (2) , .
4.
(1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 )
, 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 0,1 2
1 2 3 4 5 6 .
1 2 3 4 5 6 , 1
, 0,2, 4,6.
1 , 2 6 , ai
( 0 2 )
6
1 ,
2
6
4 2 4 . 2 4 .
2
6
1 ,
4
6
2 2 2 . 2 2
4
. 1 , .
6 6
, : 26 24 22 1 64 16 15 4 15 1 365 .
2 4
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34 " "
4 2017

1
.

= =
. ,
3 4
.
(1 )
.
= x, = y = z. = + z.

1 1
= = ( + z ) .(1)
2 2
z .
, = = 90
=
. ,
z x
= = z = 3x (2)

3
, ,
z y
= = z = 4y . (3)

4
,
5
x + y = = = (4)
4 3 12
(2) (3) (4)
5 z z 5 5
x+ y = + = z= ,
12 3 4 12 7
(1)
1 5 12 2 6 2
= + = = .
2 7 14 7
5
2 . = = .
4 3 12
:
5
+
17a 2
( ) = 12 a = .
2 24
,
,
2
( ) = 2 = 12
= .
2
( ) 5 12 5
,
( ) 12
=
2
( ) = 12 2
( ) ( ) 5 17 2 5
( )
24
6 2
( ) ( ) = .
7
2
x, y, z , :
{ x ( 6 y ) = 9, y ( 6 z ) = 9, z ( 6 x ) = 9}. .
(1 )
x, y, z > 0 ,
0 < x < 6, 0 < y < 6, 0 < z < 6.
:
xyz ( 6 x )( 6 y )( 6 z ) = 93 x ( 6 x ) y ( 6 y ) z ( 6 z ) = 93 . (1)

0 < x ( 6 x ) = 6 x x 2 = 9 ( 3 x ) 9.
2
(2)
x = 3.
0 y (6 y) 9 (3)
0 z (6 z ) 9 (4)
(2), (3) (4),
0 < x ( 6 x ) y ( 6 y ) z ( 6 z ) 93 , (5)
(1) (2), (3) (4)
, x = y = z = 3 .
(2) , (3) (4)
. , x, 6 x > 0 ,
x+6 x
0 < x (6 x) = 3 0 < x ( 6 x ) 9.
2
2 : x, y, z > 0 ,
0 < x < 6, 0 < y < 6, 0 < z < 6.
, x y x z .
9 = x (6 y ) x (6 x ) z (6 x) = 9 ,

x(6 x ) = 9 x 2 6 x + 9 = 0 ( x 3) 2 = 0 x = 3 .
y = 3 z = 3 .
3
a, b, p, p ,

1 1 1
= + .
p a 2 b2

p ( a 2 + b 2 ) = a 2b 2 (1)
p , (1) : p a p b .
p a, a = pa1 , a1 * .
,
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
> 2 b2 > p b2 p + 1 2 = 2 =
p b a p b p p + 1 p ( p + 1)
1 1 1 1 1 1
= 2 2 a12 2 a1 = 1 a = p.
p a1 p ( p + 1) p + p 2 p
2 2 2
a1 2
(1) :
p ( p 2 + b 2 ) = p 2b 2 p 2 + b 2 = pb 2 p 2 = ( p 1) b 2 p 2 1 = ( p 1) b 2 1
p 1> 0
( p 1)( p + 1) = ( p 1) b 2 1 ( p 1) 1 p 1 = 1 p = 2.
, a = p = 2 (1) b = 2 .
, p b.
2 .
p ( a 2 + b 2 ) = a 2b 2 (1)
a 2
2 pb 2 p (b 2 p ) + p 2 p2
a = 2 = = p+ 2 . (2)
b p b2 p b p
a 2 , b 2 p | p 2 ,
b 2 p = 1, b 2 p = p, b 2 p = p 2 .
, b 2 p = 1 p = b 2 1 = (b 1)(b + 1)
p , b 1 = 1 , b = 2 p = 3 . a 2 = 12, .
b 2 = 2 p . b , b = 2b1 ,
4b12 = 2 p , 2| p, p=2 b = 2 , a = 2.
2 2
(2) a = p + 1 p = a 1 = ( a 1)( a + 1) ,
p , a 1 = 1 , a = 2 p = 3 , b 2 = 3, .
4.
n
.
() 3
() To n
() .
n .
3 ,
3
= 3 . n ,
2
3n .
, 3n
n
, . , :
2
n n(n 1) n 1
3n 3n 3 n 7 .
2 2 2
n = 7 ,
. , n = 7
7 7! 67
= = = 21 = 3 7
2 2! 5! 2
: ,,.,,,,,

,
. :
(, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ), (, , ).

26
" "
, 21 2009
1
n
9n 1
=
n+7
.
2
1 , 1 , 1 ,
JJJJG JJJJG
. 2 , 2 , 2 : 2 = 1 ,
JJJJG JJJJG JJJJG JJJJG
2 = 1 2 = 1 > 0 . 2 , 2 , 2
.
3
x, y z 2, -
:
x 2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x 2 + xyz 1.
x, y z ;
4
z1 , z2 , z3 , z4 , z5 , z6
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 -
O(0, 0) r > 0 . w
z 2 + z + 1 = 0 :
z1w2 + z3 w + z5 = 0 () ,
z 2 w2 + z 4 w + z6 = 0 ()
:
() 13 5 ,
() z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z4 + z4 z5 + z5 z6 + z6 z1 = = 3 z1 z4 = 3 z2 z5 = 3 z3 z6 .

27
" "
, 27 2010
1

x4 6 x2 + 1 = 7 2 y .
2
x y 2 , > 0 ,
:
x3 y 3 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 4 10 .
2
x y ;
3
ABC (O, R) I
. AI , BI CI -
D, E F . ID, IE IF
BC, AC AB A1 , A2 , B1 , B2 C1 , C2 .
A1 , A2 , B1 , B2 , C1 , C2 .
4
k + n , k -
k > 1 n , -
. , k n -
k
.
(. , ). -
, .
-
. , 176
221, k , n .
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

28
" "
, 26 2011

.
1

x3 y 2 ( 2 y x ) = x 2 y 4 36 .
2
Oxy A1 (40,1) , A 2 (40, 2) ,, A 40 (40,40)
OA1 , OA 2 , ,OA 40 .
Oxy ,
(
) i i = 1, 2,3, , 40 . ,
OA1 , OA 2 , ,OA 40 , ,
.
.
3
a, b, c 6,
:
S = 3 a 2 + 2bc + 3 b 2 + 2ca + 3 c 2 + 2ab .
4
ABC ( AB < AC ), c(O, R ) (
O R ). AD
E ( ) AB AD L . BL
AC M c(O, R) N .
EN ( ) Z . :
MZ BC ( CA = CB ) ,
MZ BC , , , ABC
CA = CB Z O
c(O, R) .
3 30
5

29 !
" #$!%"
3 #&' 2012

( )*+ ,)+
- 1
p, q !
"
p q2 n 2
1 p 2 q ,
#
$ ! n #! !. # % $ &
p, q .
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% #

%$ P x Q x & !
!, / % * ,
P x2 Q x P x x5Q x , & $ x \ .
- 3
> & &" $%* ( $% $* %* ), &&& o
c(O,R ) (
O R ) . ! $'
&& c(O, R)
. . ! c1 (O1 , R1 ) ( /

2$ $ #
$ , ' ),
$% (
$* = . 0 , N " =* %( /, % #
! (= , '0 , .* $ # %
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$ # %
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*$
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%$ $" ( $ $ ' $ %$).
N & ( ' Q ' $

# #) ' ! #" "
% %% ' , # '

%, *, ', ( , # Q ! & ! 3 .
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30 " "
23 2013

.
1
( an ) , n = 1, 2,3,...
n +1
a1 = 2 an = ( a1 + a2 + + an 1 ) , n 2.
n 1
a2013 .
2
: y = 2 x 2 + 5 xy + 3 y 2 .
3
1 , 2 ,..., 160 i = i, i = 1, 2,...,160 .
1 , 2 ,..., n
:
1 , 2 ,..., 160 .
1 .

2 .
1 , 2 ,..., 160
3 ,..., n . n .
4
c(O, R ) ( O
R ) (
). , c1 ,
c(O, R ) Z .
, c 2 , c(O, R )
. , , c 3 ,
c(O, R ) N . KMN
.
3 45 .
5
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31 " "
22 2014

1
( x )

(x 2
6 x + 8) ( x ) = ( x2 + 2 x ) ( x 2 ) ,
x .
2
8n 25
n =
n+5
.
3
n n , ,
2
1, 2,3,...n , . S1
S 2
. n
, , :
S1 39
= . .
S2 64
4
c( O , R ) ( O R )
A, B , R < AB < 2 R . c1( A,r ) ( A
r , 0 < r < R ), c( O , R ) , C D ( C
AB ). B , BE
BF c1( A,r ) , E , F , E
c( O , R ) . EC DF
M . BCFM .
4 .
5 !

32
" "
28 2015
1
( x, y, p ) , p ,

xy 3
= p.
x+y
2
P ( x ) = ax3 + ( b a ) x 2 (c + b) x + c Q ( x ) = x4 + ( b 1) x3 + (a b) x2 (c + a) x + c
x , a, b, c
b > 0 . P ( x ) x0 , x1 , x2 ,
Q ( x ) , :
() : abc > 28 .
() a, b, c b > 0 , ;
3
= 105o .
= 45o . :
() , = 30o
() = 30o , .
4
ABCD n 2 ()
, (
n = 5 ).
ABD
.
A , (

).
A C ;
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

33 " "
27 2016

1
(x, y, z) x y ,
:
x y 2 3 2016z 77
2
P x ,Q x ,
1 :
(x 1) 2 (x 1) 2
2P(x) Q Q , x , P 1 1 ,
2 2
P x Q x .
3
( ) .
c2 (, ) ,
c1 (B, B) . c 1 .
:
() 450 , () , ,
() .
4
2
ABCD n () ,
.
. , :

,
ABCD .
n ( ) ,
n 2 .
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

34 " "
4 2017
1
C < C < BC, c(O,R).
c1 ( A, AC ) c(O,R) D
C . c(O,R) F G
, FEDG
.
2

6 . 5 .
30 6
. 1000
( 6 )
.
3
( a, b, c ) a > 0 > b > c,
= 2017 a3b b3c c3a .
4. x 2 + x 4 = 0 .
P ( x ) = an x n + an 1 x n 1 + ... + a1 x + a0 , n ,
P ( ) = 2017 .
(i) N : a0 + a1 + ... + an 1( mod 2 )
(ii) : a0 + a1 + ... + an .

26
" "
, 21 2009

1
n
9n 1
=
n+7
.

a, b `* ( a, b ) = 1 :
9n 1 a 2
= . (1)
n + 7 b2
(1) :
7 a 2 + b 2 7(a 2 9b 2 ) + 64b 2 64b 2
n= 2 = = 7 + (2)
9b a 2 9b 2 a 2 9b 2 a 2
( a, b ) = 1 , ( a 2 , b 2 ) = 1 ( 9b 2 a 2 , b 2 ) = 1 ,
(2) n , , ,
9b 2 a 2 64.
a, b n , 9b 2 a 2 8 ,
:
9b 2 a 2 = ( 3b + a )( 3b a ) {8,16,32, 64} . (3)
3b + a, 3b a 6 -
2 3b + a > 3b a , (3)
:
( 3b + a,3b a ) = ( 4, 2 ) ( 3b + a,3b a ) = ( 8, 4 ) ( 3b + a,3b a ) = (16, 2 )
( a, b ) = (1,1) ( a, b ) = ( 2, 2 ) ( a, b ) = ( 7, 3) .
( a, b ) = ( 2, 2 ) ,
a, b 2, n = 1 n = 11.
2
1 , 1 , 1 ,
JJJJG JJJJG
. 2 , 2 , 2 : 2 = 1 ,
JJJJG JJJJG JJJJG JJJJG
2 = 1 2 = 1 > 0 . 2 , 2 , 2
.
JJJG JJJJG
. = 2 1 . -
JJJJG JJJJG JJJG 2 JJJJG
2 = 1 , : = 2 .

C 2 ( -
JJJG 2 JJJG
C C 2 ), : C = C . 2

2
C .

JJJG JJJJG JJJJG JJJJG

, = 2 1 . 2 = 1 ,
JJJG 2 JJJJG
= 2 .

C 2 ( -
JJJJG 2 JJJJG
C C2 ), : C = C . 2 -

2
C .

C 2 , -
2
2 C .

C , C , C . 2 , 2 , 2 .
(1) = 1 C .
(2) = 2 C Euler
. 2 2 2
Euler.
(3) 2 2 2
. ,
.
(4)
.
3
x, y z 2, -
:
x 2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x 2 + xyz 1.
x, y z ;

2 2 + 2 ,
, \ . = .
1
x 2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x 2 + xyz =
2
( 2 x 2 y 2 + 2 y 2 z 2 + 2 z 2 x 2 + 2 xyz )
1
= ( 2 xy xy + 2 yz yz + 2 zx zx + 2 xyz )
2
1
xy ( x 2 + y 2 ) + yz ( y 2 + z 2 ) + yz ( y 2 + z 2 ) + 2 xyz (1)
2
1
= ( xy + yz + zx ) ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) xyz 2 yzx 2 zxy 2 + 2 xyz
2
1
= ( xy + yz + zx ) ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) xyz ( x + y + z 2 )
2
1
= ( xy + yz + zx ) ( x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ) , ( x + y + z = 2).
2
:
1
x2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x2 + xyz ( xy + yz + zx ) ( x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) , (2)
2
, (1), :
x = y = z x = y , z = 0 y = z , x = 0 z = x, y = 0 ,
, x + y + z = 2 , :
( x , y , z ) =
2 2 2
, , (1,1, 0 ) (1, 0,1) ( 0,1,1) . (3)
3 3 3
2
+
,
2
, \ , = 2 xy + 2 yz + 2 zx, = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 .
1 1
( xy + yz + zx ) ( x2 + y 2 + z 2 ) = ( 2 xy + 2 yz + 2 zx ) ( x2 + y 2 + z 2 )
2 4
2
1 2 xy + 2 yz + 2 zx + x2 + y 2 + z 2 1
= ( x + y + z ) = 1.
4
(4)
4 2 16
(2) (4)
x 2 y 2 + y 2 z 2 + z 2 x 2 + xyz 1.
(4) :
= 2 xy + 2 yz + 2 zx = x 2 + y 2 + z 2 ,
(3) ( x, y, z ) = (1,1, 0 ) (1, 0,1) ( 0,1,1) .
4
z1 , z2 , z3 , z4 , z5 , z6
1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 -
O(0, 0) r > 0 . w
z 2 + z + 1 = 0 :
z1w2 + z3 w + z5 = 0 () ,
z 2 w2 + z 4 w + z6 = 0 ()
:
() 13 5 ,
() z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z4 + z4 z5 + z5 z6 + z6 z1 = = 3 z1 z4 = 3 z2 z5 = 3 z3 z6 .

() w z 2 + z + 1 = 0 ,
w 2 + w + 1 = 0 . w , :
w3 + w2 + w = 0 w3 + +
1 = 1 w 3 = 1 .
w 2+ w
0
w = 1 .
() w 2 = w 1 , :
z 1 ( 1 w ) + z 3 w + z 5 = 0 z1 z1 w + z 3 w + z 5 = 0 ( z 3 z 1 )w = z 1 z 5 .
( z 3 z 1 )w = z1 z 5 z 3 z1 w = z 1 z 5 z 3 z1 = z1 z 5 ().
() w = w 2 1 , :
z1w2 + z3 ( w2 1 ) + z5 = 0 z1w2 z3 w2 z3 + z5 = 0 ( z1 z3 )w2 = z5 z3 .

( z1 z 3 )w2 = z 5 z 3 z1 z3 w2 = z5 z3 z 3 z1 = z5 z 3 ().
() () :
z1 z 3 = z 3 z 5 = z 5 z1 ,
1 3 5 .
() ( ())
2 4 6 .
1 2 + 1 6 = 1 4 , -
:
z1 z 2 + z6 z1 = z1 z 4 . (1)
, 3 2 + 3 4 = 3 6
:
z 2 z 3 + z 3 z 4 = z 3 z6 . (2)
, 5 4 + 5 6 = 5 2
:
z 4 z 5 + z 5 z6 = z 2 z 5 . (3)
(1), (2) (3) -
z1 z 4 = z 3 z6 = z 2 z 5
:
z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z4 + z4 z5 + z5 z6 + z6 z1 = 3 z1 z4 = 3 z2 z5 = 3 z3 z6 .
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

27
" "
, 27 2010
1

x4 6 x2 + 1 = 7 2 y . (1)
(1 )
y < 0 -
. y = 0 (1)
y ], y 1,
x 4 6 x 2 + (1 7 2 y ) = 0 (2)
-
(2) ,
= 36 4 (1 7 2 y ) = 32 + 4 7 2 y = 4 ( 8 + 7 2 y )
. 4 = 22 ,

= 8 + 7 2y , y 1
. , ,
,
= 8 + 7 2 y = ( 2 ) = 4 2 , ], > 0 .
2
2 + 7 2 y 2 = 2 , ], > 0 (3)
(3) y = 1 , y = 2 = 3 ,
= 36 = 4 36 = 122 . (2)
6 12
x2 = x 2 = 9 x 2 = 3 () x = 3 .
2
y = 3 , (3) = 4 , = 64 = 4 64 = 162 .
(2)
6 16
x2 = x 2 = 11 x 2 = 5 ,
2
.
2
y 4 , = 2 + 7 2 y 2 , (3) -

2 + 7 2 y 2 = ( 2 ) , ], > 0 1 + 7 2 y 3 = 2 2 , ], > 0,
2
.
: ( x, y ) = ( 3, 2 ) .
2
y 0
.

( x2 + 2 x 1)( x2 2 x 1) = 7 2 y , (4)
x 2 + 2 x 1 = 2a , a ] + x 2 2 x 1 = 2 , ] +

x 2 2 x 1 = 7 2b , b ] + ( 1 ) x 2 + 2 x 1 = 7 2 , ] + ( 2 )
a+b = y + = y

( 1 )
x 2 + 2 x 1 = 2a
= 4 + 4 (1 + 2a ) = 4 ( 2 + 2a ) , -
= 2 + 2a .
a = 0 a = 2 , a = 1
K = 4 = 22 , x 2 + 2 x 1 = 21 x 2 + 2 x 3 = 0 x = 3
x =1.
x = 3 x 2 2 x 1 = 7 2b 14 = 7 2b
b = 1 , y = a + b = 2
( x, y ) = ( 3, 2 )
x = 1 x 2 2 x 1 = 7 2b 2 = 7 2b -
.
a 3 , = 2 + 2a ,
= 2 + 2 a = ( 2m ) , m ] + 1 + 2 a 2 = 2m 2 , m ] + ,
2
( 2 )
x 2 2 x 1 = 2
= 4 + 4 (1 + 2 ) = 4 ( 2 + 2 ) , -
= 2 + 2 .
= 0 = 2 , = 1
= 4 = 22 , x 2 2 x 1 = 21 x 2 2 x 3 = 0 x = 3
x = 1 .
x = 3 x 2 + 2 x 1 = 7 2 14 = 7 2
= 1 , y = + = 2
( x, y ) = ( 3, 2 )
3
x = 1 x 2 + 2 x 1 = 7 2 2 = 7 2
.
a 3 , = 2 + 2
= 2 + 2 = ( 2m ) , m ] + 1 + 2 2 = 2m 2 , m ] + ,
2
2
x y 2 , > 0 ,
:
x3 y 3 ( x 2 + y 2 ) 4 10 .
2
(1)
x y ;

x, y x + y = 2 ,
> 0 , :
x = + t, y = t, t .
x, y (1), ,
2
( + t ) ( t ) ( + t ) + ( t ) 4 10
3 3 2 2

4 ( 2 t 2 ) ( 2 + t 2 ) 4 10
3 2

( 2 t 2 )( 2 t 2 ) ( 2 + t 2 ) 10
2 2
( t 2 )( 4 t 4 ) 10 ,
2
2
, t t , -
( t 2 )( 4 t 4 ) 2 8 = 10 .
2 2
t = 0 , x = y = .

x + y = 2
2
x+ y
xy =
2
(1)
2
6
x+ y
x y =
3 3 6
(2)
2
x = y = .
, x + y = 2
2 2 x 2 + y 2 4 2 (3)
4 4 ( x 2 + y 2 2
) 16 4 (4)
x = y = ,
( x, y ) = ( 2 , 0 ) ( 0, 2 ) .
4
(2) (4) . -

f ( x, y ) = x 3 y 3 ( x 2 + y 2 ) = xy xy ( x 2 + y 2 ) = xyg ( x, y ) ,
2 2
x + y = 2 . g ( x, y ) = x 2 y 2 ( x 2 + y 2 ) -
2
, h ( x, y ) = xy ( x 2 + y 2 ) ,
( x ) = h ( x, 2 x ) = x ( 2 x ) ( 2 x 2 4 x + 4 2 ) , 0 x 2
( ) = 2 4 , .
(1) .
3
ABC (O, R) I
. AI , BI CI -
D, E F . ID, IE IF
BC , AC AB A1 , A2 , B1 , B2 C1 , C2 .
A1 , A2 , B1 , B2 , C1 , C2 .

( C A ) K 1 ID ( K 1 ID ),
( C B ) K 2 IE ( K 2 IE ) ( CC )
K 3 IF ( K 3 IF ).
:
DI = DB = DC , EI = EA = EC FI = FA = FB (1)
( C A ) ( CC ) I L2 .
5
DL2 I FL2 I DI FI
( C A ) ( CC ) D , L2 , F .
(1) DF
IB . DE IC EF -
IA .
I DEF -
O ABC .
K 1 , K 2 , K 3 L1 , L2 , L3 EULER -
DEF K IO .
IOD , : K 1 ID K IO .
KK 1 // OD OD BC K -
A1 A2 . K -
B1 B2 C1C 2 .
A1 , A2 , B1 , B2 , C1 ,C 2 -
K .
A ( C B ) ( CC )
:
AC1 AC 2 = AB1 AB2 = AI AL1 .

B1 , B2 , C1 ,C 2 K .
4
k + n , k -
k > 1 n , -
. , k n -
k
.
(. , ). -
, .
-
. , 176
221, k , n .

k ( ) k 1
. n , -
n n(n 1)
, = .
2 2
.
n
1 : n ( ),
2
.
6
n n + 1
. (k 1)(n + 1) .
2 n = 3 .
n
n
2
,
( 3).
(k 1)(n + 1)
n
, ,
2
.
n
2 : n ( ),
2
.
7
,
.
n
.
2
:
n(n 1)
(k 1)(n + 1) + .
2
( ),
176 221 , :
(k 1)(n + 1) = 176 (k 1)(n + 1) = 176

n(n 1) n(n 1)
(k 1)(n + 1) + 2 = 221 176 + 2 = 221
(k 1)(n + 1) = 176

n(n 1) . k = 17, n = 10 .
176 + 2 = 221
, -
-
.
k + n -
-
( -

).
p (m) m -
.
p(1) = 2 . p(m)
m
p(m + 1) .
p (m + 1) = p(m) + r , r
( m + 1 ) .
8
( m + 1 )
, .
( m + 1 )- -
, m 1
r = m .
m + 1
, m
r = m + 1 .
-
, -
:
p (m) = p(m 1) + m p(1) = 2 .
:
m2 + m + 2
p ( m) = .
2
,
n2 + n + 2
, : + k (n + 1) .
2
2(n + 1) .

28
" "
, 26 2011

1

x3 y 2 ( 2 y x ) = x 2 y 4 36 .

x 2 y 2 ( x y ) 62 = 0, x, y ,
2
xy ( x y ) 6 xy ( x y ) + 6 = 0, x, y ,
xy ( x y ) = 6, x, y , xy ( x y ) = 6, x, y .
xy ( x y ) = 6, x, y , (1) xy ( y x ) = 6, x, y . (2)
(1) (2) , ( x0 , y0 ) (1),
( y0 , x0 ) (2) . ,
(1). x, y , (1) :
{ xy = 6, x y = 1}( 1 ) { xy = 6, x y = 1}( 2 )
{ xy = 3, x y = 2}( 3 ) { xy = 3, x y = 2}( 4 )
{ xy = 1, x y = 6}( 5 ) { xy = 1, x y = 6}( 6 )
{ xy = 2, x y = 3}( 7 ) { xy = 2, x y = 3}( 8 ) .
8 ( 1 ) , ( 3 ) , ( 8 ) :
( x, y ) = ( 3, 2 ) , ( x, y ) = ( 2, 3) , ( x, y ) = ( 3,1) ,
.
( x, y ) = ( 1, 3) , ( x, y ) = ( 2,1) ( x, y ) = ( 1, 2 ) .
, (2)
( x, y ) = ( 2,3) , ( x, y ) = ( 3, 2 ) , ( x, y ) = (1,3) ,
.
( x, y ) = ( 3, 1) , ( x, y ) = (1, 2 ) ( x, y ) = ( 2, 1) .
2
Oxy A1 (40,1) , A 2 (40, 2) , ,
A 40 (40,40) OA1 , OA 2 , ,OA 40 .
Oxy ,
(
) i i = 1, 2, 3, , 40 . ,
OA1 , OA 2 , ,OA 40 , ,
.
.
.
, MK (k , l ) ,
k ,l .
M( k , l ) OA i ,
, OM OA i
i l
( k ,l 0 < k 40 ), = ( k ,l
40 k
0 < k 40 ).
i
OA i ,
40
i
(
40
l

k
M( k , l ) ).
, OA i (
) MK (40, i ) > 1 .
MK (40, i ) > 1 , MK (40, i ) 1
OAi . A 2 (40, 2) OA 2 ,
(20,1) . A 4 (40, 4)
OA 4 , (10,1) , (20, 2) ,
(30,3) . :
A2(40,2) (40,2)=2 1 A40(40,40) (40,40)=40 39
A4(40,4) (40,4)=4 3 A38(40,38) (40,38)=2 1
A5(40,5) (40,5)=5 4 A36(40,36) (40,36)=4 3
A6(40,6) (40,6)=2 1 A35(40,35) (40,35)=5 4
A8(40,8) (40,8)=8 7 A34(40,34) (40,34)=2 1
A10(40,10) (40,10)=10 9 A32(40,32) (40,32)=8 7
A12(40,12) (40,12)=4 3 A30(40,30) (40,30)=10 9
A14(40,14) (40,14)=2 1 A28(40,28) (40,28)=4 3
A15(40,15) (40,15)=5 4 A26(40,26) (40,26)=2 1
A16(40,16) (40,16)=8 7 A25(40,25) (40,25)=5 4
A18(40,18) (40,18)=2 1 A24(40,24) (40,24)=8 7
A20(40,20) (40,20)=20 19 A22(40,22) (40,22)=2 1
60 80

24 140 .

1. .
2.
:
MK (k , l ) = MK (l , k ) = MK (l k , k ) = MK ( l k , k ) .
3.
Euler. n ( n)
n
. 40 = 5 23 , :
1 1 14
(40) = 40 1 1 = 40 = 16 .
2 5 25
40 (40) = 24 .
3
a, b, c 6,
:
S = 3 a 2 + 2bc + 3 b 2 + 2ca + 3 c 2 + 2ab .
.
.
:
1 3 2 1 a 2 + 2bc + 12 + 12 1
a + 2bc =
3 2
3 2
( a + 2bc ) 12 12 3 2 3
=
3 2
( a 2 + 2bc + 24 ) ,
12 12 3 12
1 1 b 2 + 2ca + 12 + 12 1
3
b + 2ca =
2
3 2
( b + 2ca ) 12 12 3 2
3 2
3
=
3 2
( b 2 + 2ca + 24 ) ,
12 12 3 12
1 3 2 1 c + 2ab + 12 + 12
2
1
c + 2ab =
3 2
3 2
( c + 2ab ) 12 12
3 2

3
=
3 2
( c 2 + 2ab + 24 ) ,
12 12 3 12

1
S = 3 a 2 + 2bc + 3 b2 + 2ca + 3 c 2 + 2ab
2 2
(a 2 + b2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca + 72 )
3 12
1 36 18
( a + b + c ) + 72 =
2
= = 3 = 3 3 12.
3 3 122 3 122 18

a 2 + 2bc = 12, b 2 + 2ca = 12, c 2 + 2ab = 12
( a b )( a + b 2c ) = 0, ( b c )( b + c 2a ) = 0, c 2 + 2ab = 12
( a b )( 6 3c ) = 0, ( b c )( 6 3a ) = 0, c 2 + 2ab = 12
a = b = c = 2.
3 3 12
a = b = c = 2.

1. 12

.

. ,
a 2 + 2bc + 2
3 2
a + 2bc = ( a + 2bc ) 11
3 2
,
3
b 2 + 2ca + 2
b + 2ca = 3 ( b 2 + 2ca ) 11
3 2
,
3
c 2 + 2ab + 2
3 2
c + 2ab = 3 ( c 2 + 2ab ) 11 ,
3

a 2 + b 2 + c 2 + 2ab + 2bc + 2ca + 6
S = a + 2bc + b + 2ca + c + 2ab
3 2 3 2 3 2
3
(a + b + c)
2
42 +6
= = 14. =
3 3
,
a 2 + 2bc = 1, b 2 + 2ca = 1, c 2 + 2ab = 1

( a + b + c ) = 3, .
2
2. ,
x = 3 a 2 + 2bc , y = 3 b 2 + 2ca , z = 3 c 2 + 2ab ,
S ( x, y, z ) = x + y + z ,
x 3 + y 3 + z 3 = ( a + b + c ) = 36 .
2
Lagrange,
.
, Holder
.
4
ABC ( AB < AC ), c (O, R )
( O R ). AD
E ( ) AB
AD L . BL AC M
c (O, R ) N . EN ( ) Z .
: MZ BC ( CA = CB ) , MZ
BC , , , ABC CA = CB
Z O c (O, R ) .

L AB , : A1 = B 1 =
AN = BE . ABEN
AB / / EN , ( ) EN E 1 = N 1 = .
Z O ( 2).
EN , EBN = B 2 + B 3 = 90 o .
C = ABEC : B 2 = A 2 = 90 o .
( B 2 + B 3 = 90 o ) :
B 3 = . M BC ( MB = MC ). O
BC Z ,
MZ BC .
ABC ( CA = CB ). ( )
AB ABC ( 2), L
ABC M LN
( BM N L
AC ).
3
Z EN ( ( )
EN ).
MZ AD .
MZ BC
ABC ( CA = CB ) Z
O ( 4).
MZ BC . MZ
AE ( MZ // AE ).
T MZ AN T AN ( Z
NE MZ // AE ). MTA MTN
( E1 = ( MTA ) = ( MTN ) = E2 ).
MZ // AE ,
AMN MT . :
BLD = 2 ( BLD LEN ).
LMZ = 2 ( LD // MZ BLD = LMZ = 2 ).
1
E = A ,
2
:
1 1
E1 = mn ( 90 ) = mx ( 90 2 )
2 2
1 1
E2 = kn 2 = kx
2 2
, :
2
= 2 = 4 .
2
( ,
) :

2 = 4 = 2 ( A ) 2 = 4 + 2 = ( B ).
2
( A ) MTN
( TM = TN ) AMN
M ( AMN = 90 o ). BM ABC L
, ABC ( CA = CB )
KZ .
( B ) MTN
T , MT AN . MT O
( Z O ).
5 6
ABC CA = CB C = = 45 o ,
TMN , TMA AMN . ABCN
. TM BC .
Z O ,
(CA = CB ) .
1



. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

29 !
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1

.
1
( an ) , n = 1, 2,3,...
n +1
a1 = 2 an = ( a1 + a2 + + an 1 ) , n 2.
n 1
a2013 .
(1 )
:
3 4 4
a1 = 2, a2 = a1 = 3 2, a3 = ( a1 + a2 ) = 4 2 = 4 22 ,
1 2 2
5 5 6 6
a4 = ( a1 + a2 + a3 ) = 24 = 5 23 a5 = ( a1 + a2 + a3 + a4 ) = 64 = 6 24.
3 3 4 4
an = ( n + 1) 2 , n = 1, 2,3,..., k .
n 1
n = k + 1 , : ak +1 = ( k + 2 ) 2k .
,
k+2 k +2
ak +1 = ( a1 + a2 + a3 + + ak ) = ( 2 + 3 21 + 4 22 + + ( k + 1) 2k 1 )
k k
:
k +2
ak +1 = ( 2 20 + 3 21 + 4 22 + + ( k + 1) 2k 1 ) (1)
k
(1) 2,
k +2 1
2ak +1 = ( 2 + 3 22 + 4 23 + + ( k + 1) 2k ) , (2)
k
(1) (2) , :
k+2
ak +1 = ( 2 21 22 23 2k 1 + ( k + 1) 2k )
k
k +2 1 2k
ak +1 = 1 + ( k + 1) 2k
k 1 2
k +2
= ( 2k + ( k + 1) 2k ) = ( k + 2 ) 2k .
k
: a2013 = 2014 22012
2

n +1
an = ( a1 + a2 + + an 1 ) , n 2, (3)
n 1
n+2
an +1 = ( a1 + a2 + + an ) , n 1, (4)
n

n 1
a1 + a2 + + an 1 = an , n 2 (5)
n +1
2
n
a1 + a2 + + an = an +1 , n 1. (6)
n+2
(5) (6)
n n 1 2(n + 2)
an = an +1 an an +1 = an , n 1 (7)
n+2 n +1 n +1

2(n + 1) 2(n + 1) 2n
an = an 1 = an 2 = ...
n n n 1
2(n + 1) 2n 2 4 2 3
a1 = ( n + 1) 2 a1 = ( n + 1) 2 ,
n2 n 1
=
n n 1 3 2
a1 = 2 . a2013 = 2014 22012 .
2
:
y = 2 x 2 + 5 xy + 3 y 2 .
(1 )

y = 2 x 2 + 2 xy + 3 xy + 3 y 2 y = ( x + y )( 2 x + 3 y ) . (1)
x + y = z , z ] (1)
y = z ( 2 z + y ) y = 2 z 2 + yz ( z 1) y = 2 z 2 . (2)
z = 1 (2) 0 y = 2 ().
z 1
2z2 2 ( z 2 1) + 2 2
y= = = 2 ( z + 1) . (3)
z 1 z 1 z 1
y z 1 2,
z 1 {1, 1, 2, 2} z {0, 2, 1,3} .
z = 0 , ( x, y ) = ( 0, 0 ) .
z = 2 , ( x, y ) = (10, 8 ) .
z = 1 , ( x, y ) = ( 2,1) .
z = 3 , ( x, y ) = (12, 9 ) .
2

y = 2 x 2 + 2 xy + 3 xy + 3 y 2 ( x + y 1)( 2 x + 3 y + 2 ) = 2 (4)
,
, (4) :
x + y 1 = 1 x+ y =0
( x, y ) = ( 0, 0 )
2 x + 3 y + 2 = 2 2 x + 3 y = 0
3
x + y 1 = 1 x+ y =2
( x, y ) = (10, 8 )
2 x + 3 y + 2 = 2 2 x + 3 y = 4
x + y 1 = 2 x+ y =3
( x, y ) = (12, 9 )
2 x + 3 y + 2 = 1 2 x + 3 y = 3
x + y 1 = 2 x + y = 1
( x, y ) = ( 2,1)
2 x + 3 y + 2 = 1 2 x + 3 y = 1
3

2 x 2 + 5 yx + 3 y 2 y = 0 , (5)
x .

, = y 2 + 8 y = y ( y + 8 ) = 2 , .
= 0 , = 0 y = 0 y = 8 . y = 0 ,
(4) x = 0 , ( x, y ) = ( 0, 0 ) . y = 8 ,
(4) x = 10, ( x, y ) = (10, 8 ) .
0 ,
y2 + 8 y 2 = 0 , (6)
y . ,
(6) .
= 64 + 4 2 = 82 + ( 2 ) = w2 , ( 8, 2 , w )
2
.
( )
k ( m 2 n 2 ) , k 2mn, k ( m 2 + n 2 ) , k , m, n , m > n .
:
k ( m 2 n 2 ) = 8, k 2mn = 2 (7)
.
k 2mn = 8, k ( m 2 n 2 ) = 2 . (8)
k = 1 (7) ( m, n ) = ( 3,1) , = 3 .
(6) y 2 + 8 y 9 = 0 y = 1 y = 9 ,
(5) x = 2 , y = 1 x = 12, y = 9 ,
: ( x, y ) = ( 2,1) ( x, y ) = (12, 9 ) . k 2 ,
(7) . , (8)
.
, = 64 + 4 2 = w2
:
= 64 + 4 2 = w2 w2 4 2 = 64 ( w 2 )( w + 2 ) = 64 .
, ,
:
( w + 2 ) + ( w 2 ) = 2w = 2
( w + 2 ) ( w 2 ) = 4 = 4.
4
w
:
w + 2 = 16
( w, ) = (10,3) . (6) :
w 2 = 4
y 2 + 8 y 9 = 0 y = 9 y = 1 ,
( x, y ) = (12, 9 ) ( x, y ) = ( 2,1) .
w + 2 = 8
( w, ) = ( 8, 0 ) . (6) :
w 2 = 8
y 2 + 8 y = 0 y = 0 y = 8 ,
( x, y ) = ( 0, 0 ) ( x, y ) = (10, 8 ) .
y
, .
= x 2 10 x + 24 = ( x 5 ) 1 ,
2
( x 5)
1 = 2 ( x 5 ) 2 = 1 ( x 5 )( x 5 + ) = 1 ,
2 2
3
1 , 2 ,..., 160 i = i, i = 1, 2,...,160 .
1 , 2 ,..., n
:
1 , 2 ,..., 160 .
1 .

2 .
1 , 2 ,..., 160
3 ,..., n . n .

k1
, k2 n
kn .
1 , 2 ,..., n , i = i , i = 1, 2,...,160 ,
k1 , k2 ,..., kn .
{k1 , k2 ,..., kn } 2n ,
,
. 2n 160 ,
n 8 n 8.
n = 8
,
n 8.
5
81 ,...160
80 . 1 80 80 = 6400 .
80
81 ,..., 1160 . i 180+i , i = 1, 2,...,80 i .
1
41 ,..., 80 , 1121 ,..., 1160

40 . 2 80 40 = 3200 .
40
41 ,..., 180 121
1 2
,..., 160
2
. i , 140+i , 180 +i 120
2
+ i , i = 1, 2,..., 40
i . 21 ,..., 40 ,
160+i ,..., 1100+i , 140
2
+ i , i = 1, 2,..., 20 20 .
3 80 20 = 1600 .
,
10+i , 130+i , 50 2
+ i , 70 + i , 90 + i , 110 + i , 130 + i , 150 + i , i = 1, 2,...,10 ,
2 2 2 3 3
10 . 4 80 10 = 800 .
10 .
, 5A +i( mod10) , i = 1, 2,3, 4,5
A = 1, 2,3, 4 5 ,
5 80 5 = 400 . 32
.
A2+i( mod5) , i = 1, 2,3 , 96 , A = 1, 2,...,5
3 , 6
96 3 = 288 . 32 3(mod
A
5) ,
1 , 1(mod3)
A
, 2 , A2(mod3) ,
A = 1, 2,..., 6 .
2 , A2(mod3) , A = 1, 2,..., 6
, ,
1 , 1(mod3)
A
, A = 1, 2,..., 6 , .
7 128 , 8 64 .
.
8, . 81
80 , 81, ..., 160 80
. 81 80 = 6480
.
4
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R ) (
). ( c1 )
c(O, R ) Z .
6
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. , c3 ,
c(O, R ) N . KMN .
1
c3
.
c2 : = .
1
c1 : = .
2

:
+
= =
+ ,
+ = 180o
1 2
( 180o ).
c1 , c2 , c3 .
c1 ; = . 2 2
c2 : 2 = 1 .
: = = .
2 2 1
, A c1 , c2 c3 . c1 ,
c2 , c3 , .
c1 c2 , 1 1
( = = R ), : 1 = 1 .
, , .
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.
7
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=
(
) = = (
c(O, R) .
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=
O = = .
.
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.

1
x
x 2
6 x 8 x x2 2 x x 2 ,
x .

x 2 x 4 x x x 2 x 2 , x , (1)
, x 0, 2 4 : 0 2 2 0 .
x x, x 2 x 2 ,
:
x x x 2 x 2 Q x , (2)
Q x .
(2) (1) :
x 2 x 4 x x 2 Q x x x 2 x 2 x x 4 Q x 2 , (3)
2
x . ,
x x 2 x 2 x 4 x 2 Q x xQ x 2 0, x . (4)
(4), x x 2 x 2 x 4
, :
x 2 Q x xQ x 2 0, x . (5)
x 0 Q 0 0, Q x xR x ,
R x . (5) (4)
:
x 2 xR x x x 2 R x 2 0
x x 2 R x R x 2 0,
, x x 2 0 x , :
R x R x 2 , x .
R x R x 2k , k , x ,
R x x ,
c R 0 R 2k , k . R x c, x ,
x x x 2 x 2 Q x x x 2 x 2 xR x cx 2 x 2 4 .
2
2
8n 25
n
n5
.
(1 )
p, q , q 0, p, q 1
3
8n 25 p
. (1)
n5 q
p 3 , q 3 1 , (1) :
q3 8n 25 p3 n 5 , (2)

p 3 8n 25 q 3 n 5 k :
8n 25 kp 3 n 5 kq 3 . (3)
, 8n 25 kp , k , (2)
3
(3). (3) :
8 n 5 8n 25 k 8q 3 p 3
k 2q p 4q 2 2qp p 2 65.
k , 2q p 4q2 2qp p2 65.
4q 2 pq p 3q p q 1 mod 3
2 2 2 2

4q 2 2 pq p 2 3q 2 p q 3 , , 4q 2 2 pq p 2
2
65
4q 2 2 pq p 2 13 3q 2 p q 13,
2
:
4q 2 2qp p 2 13, k 1, 2q p 5. :
p 2q 5 4q 2 2q 2q 5 2q 5 13 p 2q 5, 2q 2 5q 2 0
2
p 2q 5, q 2 p 1, q 2 .
3
p 1 8n 25 1
, : 8 8n 25 n 5 n 3 .
q 8 n5 8
2
(2) n ,
:
5 5q 3 p 3
n . (4)
8q 3 p 3
d 5q 3 p 3 ,8q 3 p 3 . d 5q 3 p 3 8q 3 p 3 13q 3 p, q 1
d 13 .
8q 3 p3
5 8q 3 p 3 5 13 2q p 4q 2 2 pq p 2 65 .
d
3
4q 2 2 pq p 2 3q 2 p q 1 mod 3
2

4q 2 2 pq p 2 3q 2 p q 3 , , 4q 2 2 pq p 2
2
65
4q 2 2 pq p 2 13 3q 2 p q 13.
2
(5)
(5) q 2 , :
q 0 q 1 , p q 13 p q 10 , p, q .
2 2

q 2 , p q 1, :
2

p, q 1, 2 p, q 1, 2 p, q 3, 2 p, q 3, 2 .
(2q p) 65 , p, q 1,2 p, q 1, 2 ,
n 3 .
3
n n , ,
, . S1
S 2
. n
, , :
S1 39
.
S2 64
39
S1 S1 S2 . :
103
n 2 n 2 1
S1 S2 1 2 n
2
2
S1 ,
n 2 n 2 1
103 . 103 4+3, 103
2

n 1 . n 2 ,
2
103 n . n , 206,
: n 206k , k * .
206
. S1 :
n2 n2
1
n2 2 2 A,
1 2
2 2
:
n2 n2
1 1 n B .
2
2 2
4
,
39
A S1 S1 S2 B
103
S1
A, B , A 1
n2 n2
1, 2,..., 1, 1 . O A 2
2 2
n2 n2
1, 2,..., 1, 2 ,
2 2
.
n2
1, 2,..., 1, n 2 , ,
2
n2 n2 2
1, 2,..., 2, , n ,
2 2
2 2
n n
1, 2,..., 2, 1, n 2 , .
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1, ,
.
4
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r , 0 r R ), c ( O , R ) , C D ( C
AB ). B , BE
BF c1( A,r ) , E , F , E
c ( O , R ) . EC DF
M . BCFM .
(1 )
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: AEB AFB 90o ) c2 . CD
c ( c1 ) . AB
c ( c2 ) . EF ( c1 )
( c2 ) . , L ,
.
AB EBF ( BE BF
c1( A,r ) ). AB CBD ,
ABC ABD c O, R
AC
.
AD . EBC FBD
5
, BCE
EBC FBD
BFD . :
BC BF a y
xy a 2 ,
BE BD x a
( ): BE BF a , BC x BD y .
LCB LAD :
LC CB LC x
(1) .
LA AD LA r
LCA LBD , :
LB BD LB y
(2) .
LC CA LC r
1 2 :
LB xy
(A) .
LA r 2
ABE , AL ,
:
LB EB 2 a 2
(B) .
LA EA2 r 2
A B : xy a 2 .
BCE BFD , (
). BCE BFD ,
: C F . BCFM .
2 .
Q EF , CD Pascal
EEDFFC , T
6
ED, CF , T , B, M . ,
ECFD , T , M Q
. TM Q ,
AQ ( ),
90 . , EF TM AB EF ,
ABT
MEF
BMC CFB ,
.
BCE BFD ,
BEDM .

( ) 34 1 Street
34, Panepistimiou (leftheriou Venizelou)
. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025 Tel. 3616532 - 3617784 - Fax: 3641025

32
" "
28 2015

.

.
1
( x, y, p ) , p ,

xy 3
= p.
x+ y

d = ( x, y ) o x, y .
a, b
x = da, y = db, ( a, b) = 1.
:
d 3 ab3
= p. (1)
a+b
, ( a, b ) = 1 , (a, a + b) = 1 (b3 , a + b) = 1 ,
(1) : a + b | d 3 .
d3
=k , (2)
a+b
k . (1) : kab3 = p , b3 | p .
b = 1 ka = p . , :
d3
(i) k = p, a = 1 , (2) = p , 2 p = d 3 , 2 | d 8 | d 3
2
8 | 2 p , .
(ii) k = 1, a = p . (2) d 3 = p + 1 d 3 1 = p (d 1)(d 2 + d + 1) = p .
, d 1 = 1, d 2 + d + 1 = p ( d 2 + d + 1 > d 1 ), d = 2, p = 7 ,
: ( x, y, p ) = (14, 2, 7 ) .
2
P ( x ) = ax3 + ( b a ) x 2 (c + b) x + c Q ( x ) = x4 + ( b 1) x3 + (a b) x2 (c + a) x + c
x , a, b, c
2
b > 0 . P ( x ) x0 , x1 , x2 ,
Q ( x ) , :
() : abc > 28 .
() a, b, c b > 0 , ;
() P ( x ) 0
1,
P ( x ) = ax3 + ( b a ) x 2 (c + b) x + c = ( x 1) ( ax 2 + bx c )
x0 = 1 , Vieta :
b c
x1 + x2 = x1 x2 = 0, (1)
a a
x1 , x2 0.
, x0 , x1 , x2
F ( x ) = Q ( x ) P ( x ) = x 4 + ( b a 1) x 3 + 2 ( a b ) x 2 + ( b a ) x
= x ( x 3 + ( b a 1) x 2 + 2 ( a b ) x + b a )
= x x 3 x 2 + ( b a ) ( x 2 x ) + ( a b )( x 1)
= x ( x 1) x 2 + ( b a ) x + ( a b ) .
F ( x ) = 0 x = 0 x = 1 x 2 + ( b a ) x + ( a b ) = 0 x0 , x1 , x2 0 ,
:
x0 = 1, x1 + x2 = a b, x1 x2 = a b . (2)
(1) (2) :
b c
a b = =
a a
b=c (3) a 2 ab = b (4)
(3) (4) :
a2
a 2 = b ( a 1) a > 1 ( b > 0) b = c = .
a 1

( x + 1)
2 5
a2 a5 x = a 1> 0
x 5 + 5 x 4 + 10 x3 + 10 x 2 + 5 x + 1
abc = a =
a 1 ( a 1)
2 = x2
=
x2
1 5
abc = x 3 + 5 x 2 + 2 + 10 x + + 10. (5)
x x
:
1
( )
2
x 3 > 0, 5 x 2 + > 4 5 x 4
4 x 2
+ 1 > 0 x 4
+ 2 x 2
1 > 0, ,
x2
x >0
5
10 x + > 14 10 x 2 14 x + 5 > 0, = 4 < 0.
x
(5) : abc > 28 .
3
1
() () b = a + 1 + , b, a + 1
a 1
1
, , :
a 1
a2
a 1 = 1 a = 0 (, a 0) a = 2. b = c = = 4.
a 1

P ( x ) = ax3 + ( b a ) x 2 (c + b) x + c = 2 x3 + 2 x 2 8 x + 4 = 2 ( x 1) ( x 2 + 2 x 2 )
x0 = 1, x1,2 = 1 3
F ( x ) = Q ( x ) P ( x ) = x ( x 1) ( x 2 + ( b a ) x + ( a b ) ) = x ( x 2 + 2 x 2 ) ,
Q ( x ) = F ( x ) + P ( x ) .
3
= 105o .
= 45o . :
() , = 30o
() = 30o , .
(1 )
. . : = 30o .
= 180o (105o + 45o ) = 30o .

B.
= = 2
= 60o .
,
= = (1)
=
= 60 o
(2)

, = 90 , : = 45 .
o o
, , ,
4

= = .
2

= 45o = . (3)
= 90 .
o
= 90 , : .
o
=
(4)
, (1) (3) = ,

= (5)
(4) (5)

= = 30 = 15o ,
o
=

2 2
:
= 180o ( +
)
= 180o 105o ( 30o + 15o ) = 30o .
. = 30o. .
= 180o (105o + 45o ) = 30o

= 45o .

.
= = 2 = 60o .
,
= = (1)
= = 60
= o
(2)

, = 90 , : = 45 .
o o
,
= = 45o , (3)

= 2 = 90 .
o
(4)
. , (4)
.
5
, (3) =
= 45o = = ,
. = = 60o
=
= = 60o . = = 60o ,
.
,
, .
2

() = 30 ( 3). K
.

= 60 , = 45 , = 45

. = = 45 ,
. ,
= = , , = ,

= 60 , , = (1). ,

= 30 , , = (2). (1),(2)
= .
4
6
() ( 4).

= 45 . () ,

= 30 , , / / .
= 180o (105o + 45o ) = 30o
=
3 ():

= x . :

= = .
30 105 2105
(45 x)
: = .
x
, :
(45 x)
= 2105 45( x x) = x
x 2105
2105 45 x = (1 + 2105 45) x
:
3 +1
2 45105 = 2 45 ( 60o + 45o ) = ( 45) 2 ( 60 + 60) = ,
2
:
3 +1
3 +1 1 x < 45
2 = x = x x = x = 30 .
3 +1 3 (1 + 3 ) 3
1+
2
4
ABCD n 2 ()
, (
n = 5 ).
ABD
.
A , (

).
A C ;
5
7
AB AD .
.
( 1) F (1, 0) , (
A (0, 0) ) 3 .
H (0,1) ,
( A (0, 0) ) 3 .
G (1,1) ( H (0,1) ) 3
. G (1,1) (
(0, 0) ) 32 ( ), , ,G .
G (1,1)
( , F ,G ) 32 .
G (1,1) 2 3 2 .
( i , j ) (
ABD )
i + j i+ j i + j i+ j
3 = 3 ( (0, 0) ).
i j
BD (
(0, n) , (1, n 1) ), (2, n 2) ,...., (n 1,1) , (n, 0)
n n n n n n n n n n
3 , 3 , 3 ,...., 3 , 3 .
0 1 2 n 1 n
(
ABD ),
. ( i , j )
( i + k , j + m ) ( ),
k + m k + m
= .
k m
n
(0, n) ( n ,n )
0
.
8
n
(1, n 1) ( n ,n )
1
.
n
(2, n 2) ( n ,n )
2
.
..................
n
(n 1,1) ( n ,n )
n 1
.
n
(n, 0) ( n ,n ) .
n
C ( n , n ) , A :
n 2 n 2 n 2 n n n 2n
2 2
3 + + +L +
n
+ = 3 .
0 1 2 n 1 n n

2
n + n
,
n
C.
, 2n ,
n n .
,
. n 2n .
2n
.
n
, BD ( k , n k ) ,
k + n k = n .
, n ,
, 3
. , 3n .
2n
,
n
2n
3n .
n
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33 " "
27 2016

1
( x, y, z ) x y ,
:
x 2 y 2 3 2016z 77

:
z 0 , x 2 y 2 80 .
x, y 4, x 4a, y 4b , 0 a b ,
a 2 b 2 5 (a, b) (1,2) , ( x, y) (4,8) .
z 0 , 7 | 2016 z ( 7 | 2016 ) 7 | 77 , 7
, 7 | x 2 y 2 . 7
02 ,12 ,22 ,32 ,42 ,52 ,62 0,1,2,4 . ,
7 | x 2 y 2 7 | x, 7 | y x 7x1 y 7 y1 , 0 x1 y1 .
(1) 49( x12 y12 ) 3 2016 z 77 .
z 2 , 49 | 2016 z , , 49 | 77 ,
.
z 1 , 49( x12 y12 ) 3 7 288 77 7(3 288 11) 7 7 125 .
x12 y12 125 . x1 y1 , 2 y12 125 y1 8 . y1 8,9,10,11 ,
( x1 , y1 ) {(5,10),(2,11)}
:
( x, y) {(4,8),(35, 70),(14,77)} .
2
P x , Q x ,
1 :
( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 2

2 P( x) Q Q 2 , x , P 1 1 ,

2
P x Q x .

Q( x) x n an1 x n1 ... a0 .
( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 2
Q Q
2 2
n n
( x 1) 2 ( x 1) 2

.
2 2
2nx 2 n 1 2nx 2 n 1 4n 2 n 1
n x (1).
2n 2n 2
2,
4n
n 2 2 n1 4n . 2 n1 4n n 3 , n 1 n 2 (1)
2
P 2 1 1 2 2 1 3 .
x 0 2P(0) Q(1 / 2) Q(1 / 2) 0 , P(0) 0 .
n 1 , P( x) ax P(1) 1,
P( x) x Q x x a0 , a0 .
n 2 , Q( x) x 2 bx c , :
( x 1)2 ( x 1) 2 1
( x 1) ( x 1) ( x 1) ( x 1)
b
2P x Q Q
4 4 2 2
2 2 4 2
1 b
(8 x3 8 x) (4 x) 2 x3 2(1 b) x.
4 2
, P( x) x (1 b) x . P(1) 1 , b 1 ,
3
P( x) x 3 Q x x 2 x c, c .
3
( ) .
c2 (, ) ,
c1 ( B, B) . c 1 .
:
450 , () , ,
()
() .
() : 1 900
.
c1 c 2 .
,
( ) : 1 1 2 900 ,

.
1 2 (1)
: 1 1 2 2 1 900
,

1 450 . (2)
2
:

900 .
(3)
2
(1),(2),(3) :

900 450 450 .
(2),(3)
1 2

2 1 2
2 2
1
() 1 c1 ,
.
( c
1 1 2

). , ,
1 1
, , .
900
() .
2
: 2 90 , .
1 2

, 450 ,
2
, .
/ / ( ).
4
2
ABCD n () ,
.
. , :

,
ABCD .
n ( ) ,
n 2 .
,
.
, .

2s 2t s t .

2s 2t
2s 2s .
n 2k

1,2,3,...,2k 1
, 1,2,3,...,2k 1 .
2s 2t
2
.
k
. ,
2
k 1
.
2
k k 1
k 2 .
2 2
, k 2 . k 2 k 2 k 4 2s 2t .
2s 2s . 2 2
(n 2 1) 2 (2k 2 1) 2 . 4 4 (n 4 1) 2 (2k 4 1) 2 . 2s 2s
(n 2s 1) 2 (2k 2s 1) 2 .
k k
(2k 2s 1) 2 (2k 1) 2 4s(2k 1) 4s 2

s 1 s 1
k (k 1)(2k 1) k (2k 1)(2k 1)

k (2k 1) 2 2(2k 1)k (k 1) 4
6 3
k (2k 1)(2k 1) k (k 1)(3k k 1)
2
: k 4 .
3 3
k 1 k 1
n 2k 1, k (k 1)
2 2
k (k 1)
. (k (k 1)) 2s 2t
2
2s 2s (n 2s 1) 2 (2k 1 2s 1) 2 (2k 2 2s) 2 .
k k
(2k 2 2s) 2 (2k 2) 2 4(2k 2)s 4s 2

s 1 s 1
k (k 1)(2k 1) 2k (k 1)(2k 1)
k (2k 2) 2 2(2k 2)k (k 1) 4
6 3
, :
2k (k 1)(2k 1) k (k 1)(3k 2 k 2)
(k (k 1))
2

3 3
2
1 .
,

2
.
3 4
(
ABCD ).
2 x 4 2 x 4 .
2 x 6 2 x 6
,
( 2 m ) x( 2 k ) , m ,k 1 m k l , n 2l .
m 1 k 2 , :
2 , n 1 ( ).
4 , n 3 ( D ).
2 x 4 (
4 x 2 ) ( n 1 )( n 3 ) .
m 1 k 3 , :
2 , n 1 ( ).
6 , n 5 ( D ).
2 x 6 (
6 x 2 ) ( n 1 )( n 5 ) .
m 1 k l , :
2 , n 1 ( ).
2l , n 2l 1 1 (
D ).
2 x( 2 l ) (
( 2 l ) x 2 ) ( n 1 )( n 2l 1 ) ( n 1 ) 1 .
,
2 , : S 2 2( n 1 )( n 3 ) ( n 1 )( n 5 ) ( n 1 ) 1
2( n 1 )( n 3 ) ( n 5 ) 1
1 ( n 3 ) n 2 ( n 1 )( n 2 )2
2( n 1 ) .
2 2 2
m 2 k 3 , :
4 , n 3 ( ).
6 , n 5 ( D ).
4 x6 (
6 x 4 ) ( n 3 )( n 5 ) .
m 2 k 4 , :
4 , n 3 ( ).
8 , n 7 ( D ).
4 x 8 (
8 x 4 ) ( n 3 )( n 7 ) .
m 2 k l , :
4 , n 3 ( ).
2l , n 2l 1 1 (
D ).
4 x( 2 l ) (
( 2 l ) x 4 ) ( n 3 )( n 2l 1 ) ( n 3 ) 1 .
,
4 , : S 4 2( n 3 )( n 5 ) ( n 3 )( n 7 ) ( n 3 ) 1
2( n 3 )( n 5 ) ( n 7 ) 1
( n 3 )( n 4 )2
.
2
:
( n 1 )( n 2 )2
, n 2l
S 2 2( n 1 )( n l 1 )( l 1 ) 2
( n 3 )( n 1 ) ,
2
n 2l 1
2
( n 3 )( n 4 )2
, n 2l
S 4 2( n 3 )( n l 2 )( l 2 ) 2
( n 5 )( n 3 ) ,
2
n 2l 1
2
( n 5 )( n 6 )2
, n 2l
S6 2( n 5 )( n l 3 )( l 3 ) 2
( n 7 )( n 5 ) ,
2
n 2l 1
2

5 42 3 22
, n 2l , n 2l 0, n 2l
2
S2 l 4 S2 l 2 2 S 2l 2 4 2
68 ,
2
46 ,
2
, n 2l 1
n 2l 1, n 2l 1, 2
2 2
( n 2l ) :
( n 1 )( n 2 )2 ( n 3 )( n 4 )2 5 42 3 22
S S 2 S 4 S 2 l 2
2 2 2 2 .
(n 2) (n 2)
3 2
(n 4) (n 4)
3 2
4 4
3 2
2 2
3 2
...
2 2 2 2
n 2l , :
8( l 1 )3 4( l 1 )2 8( l 2 )3 4( l 2 )2 8 23 4 22 8 4
S ...
2 2 2 2
4(( l 1 )3 ( l 2 )3 ... 1 ) 2(( l 1 )2 ... 1 )
( l 1 )l( 2l 1 ) 2l 1 l( l 1 )( 3l 2 l 1 )
l( l 1 ) 2 l( l 1 ) l( l 1 )
2
6 3 3
( n 2l 1 )
:
( n 3 )( n 1 )2 ( n 5 )( n 3 )2 4 6 2 2 42
S S 2 S 4 S 2 l 2 S 2l
2 2 2 2
n 2l 1 , :
(2l 2)(2l ) 2 (2l 4)(2l 2) 2 4 62 2 4 2 .
S ...
2 2 2 2
4(l 3 l 2 ) 4((l 1)3 (l 1) 2 ) ... 4(33 23 ) 4(2 3 2 2 ) 4(13 12 )
4((l 3 (l 1)3 ... 1) (l 2 (l 1) 2 ... 1))
l (l 1)(2l 1) l (l 1)(3l 2 l 2)
(l (l 1))2 2 .
3 3
:
n 1 n 1 n n 3
2
2 2 3 2 2
.
3
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34 " "
4 2017
1
C < C < BC, c(O,R).
c1 ( A, AC ) c(O,R) D
C . c(O,R) F G
, FEDG
.
(1 )

1
=C
AFBC (c), : F1 = ACB .
AEC ( C (c1)) :
=C
E1 = ACB .
F1 = E 1 , BEF
:
BE=BF (1).
= 2x , ( ),
C1 = x (c1) EAD

+ BAD
EAB = 2x (2)
, (c) :
BAD =C =x (3)
1
(2) (3) EAB = BAD = x ,

EAD. ED,
=D. (4)
(1) (4), ( )
BE=BG , BE = BF = BG = BD, DEFG
.
2 . AFBC (c), :
=C
F1 = ACB .
AEC ( C (c2)) :
=C
E1 = ACB .
F1 = E 1 , BEF
:
BE = BF (5).

ABDC : D1 = ABC = B .

ADC : D1 = ACD ,
=B
ACD
=B
C C .
1
: A =B - E = B , : A
C =C =B
C
1 1 1 1
A ,C
(c), :
1 1
BD = BF (6).
(5) (6), ( )
BE=BG , BE = BF = BG = BD, DEFG
.
2

6 . 5 .
30 6
. 1000
( 6 )
.
6 ,
, ( ) .
2
6
6 = 20 .
3
.
,
. , , C ,

A.
3 , 5 5
BC 2 5 .
3 2 53 = 6 53 A .
( ),
. CBD
EFG.
CBD 5 5 5 = 53 A EFG
5 5 5 = 53 A.
2 53 A.
, 6 53 + 2 53 = 8 53 = 1000
A .
3
( a, b, c ) a > 0 > b > c,
= 2017 a3b b3c c3a .
a + b + c = 0 ,
a 3b + b3c + c3a = a 3b + b3 ( a b) + ( a b)3 a = b 4 2b3a 3a 2b 2 2a 3b a 4 =
= (a 2 + ab + b 2 ) 2 (1)
3 3 3 2
, 2017 a b b c c a = k ,
2017 + ( a 2 + ab + b 2 ) 2 = k 2 ( k a 2 ab b 2 )( k + a 2 + ab + b 2 ) = 2017 (2)
2017 ,
k a 2 ab b 2 = 1 k a 2 ab b 2 = 1 a 2 + ab + b 2 = 1008

2 2
k + a + ab + b = 2017 2k = 2018 k = 1009
(3)

a 2 + ab + b 2 = 1008 (4)
a, b , , .
, 9 |1008 , 9 | a 2 + ab + b 2 , 3 | a 3 | b . .
a, b 6, a = 6m b = 6n , (1)
m2 + mn + n2 = 28 (5)
, m, n , m = 2 x n = 2 y . (7)
x 2 + xy + y 2 = 7 (6)
y
. = x 2 4( x 2 7) = 28 3 x 2 , :
x2 = 1 x2 = 4 x2 = 9 .
, a > 0 x > 0 , x {1, 2,3} . y < 0 ,
( x, y ) {(1, 3), (2, 3), (3, 2), (3, 1)} , , a = 12 x, b = 12 y
( a, b ) {(12, 36 ) , ( 24, 36, ) , ( 36, 24 ) , ( 36, 12 )}
a + b + c = 0 a > 0 > b > c ,
( a, b, c ) = ( 36, 12, 24 ) .
4. x 2 + x 4 = 0 .
P ( x ) = an x n + an 1 x n 1 + ... + a1 x + a0 , n ,
P ( ) = 2017 .
(i) N : a0 + a1 + ... + an 1( mod 2 )
(ii) : a0 + a1 + ... + an .
1 + 17
(i) = F ( x ) = P ( x ) 2017
2
,
1 17
, ( x ) = x 2 + x 4 .
2

F ( x ) = P ( x ) 2017 = ( x 2 + x 4 ) Q ( x ) + x + ,
x = + = 0 ,
= = 0, .
Q ( x ) :
F ( x ) = P ( x ) 2017 = ( x 2 + x 4 ) Q ( x )
an x n + an 1 x n 1 + ... + a1 x + a0 2017 = ( x 2 + x 4 ) Q ( x ) (1)

(1) x = 1 :
a0 + a1 + ... + an 2017 = 2Q (1)
a0 + a1 + ... + an = 2017 2Q (1) 1( mod 2 )
(ii) {a0 , a1 ,..., an }
:
() an n + an 1 n 1 + ... + a1 + a0 = 2017
() a0 + a1 + ... + an .
:
0 ai 3, i = 1, 2,..., n 2.
, i = 1, 2,..., n 2 ,
{a0 ,..., ai 1 , ai 4, ai +1 + 1, ai + 2 + 1, ai +3 ,...an }
, (),
{a0 , a1 ,..., an } , .
Q ( x ) = bn 2 x n 2 + bn 1 x n 1 + ... + b1 x + b0 .
an x n + an 1 x n 1 + ... + a1 x + a0 2017 = ( x 2 + x 4 )( bn 2 x n 2 + bn 3 x n 3 + ... + b1 x + b0 )
:
a0 2017 = 4b0 a0 2017 = 4b0
a = 4b1 + b0 = 4b1
1 a1 b0
a2 = 4b2 + b1 + b0 a2 b1 b0 = 4b2

a3 = 4b3 + b2 + b1 a3 b2 b1 = 4b3

.............................................. ......................................
an 2 = 4bn 2 + bn 3 + bn 4 an 2 bn 3 bn 4 = 4bn 2

an 1 = bn 2 + bn 3 an 1 bn 2 = bn 3
a = bn 2 a = bn 2
n n
: ai + 2 bi +1 bi = 4bi + 2 , i = 0,1,..., n 4
0 ai 3, i = 1, 2,..., n 2,
a0 = 1 b0 = 504 .
a1 = 0 b1 = 126 . a2 = 2 b2 = 157.

{b0 , b1 , b2 ,...b14 } = {504,126,157, 70,56,31, 21,13,8,5,3, 2,1, 0, 0}
{a0 , a1 , a2 ,...a14 } = {1, 0, 2, 3, 3, 2, 3, 0, 2, 1, 1, 0, 1, 3, 1}
a0 + a1 + ... + an 23.

Θέματα & Λύσεις Θαλή, Ευκλείδη 2006-17, Αρχιμήδη 2009-17

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Θέματα & Λύσεις Θαλή, Ευκλείδη 2006-17, Αρχιμήδη 2009-17

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- 2006 - 2017

2006-07 67/09-12-06 2006:

20153 20133 20163 20123 18 2014 4 2014 2014 3 5 2014 1

2005-06 66/21-06-06 2006:

( + )( + )( + )( + )( + )=( +)( + )( +)( +)( + );

() = 4031 4033 32256 + 32256

1. , , , , < < < <

g(x) = x3 + x2f(x) 2xf 2 (x) + 3

3. =27p+1 . p=2 =27 2+1=55=5 11 ,

f ( f ( x)) = f ( x) f ( f ( x)) = x f (0), x \

= 1225 + 782 1 = 2007.

= 1002 + 502 + 2 249 10000 = 10000 + 502 + 498 10000 = 1000

(1) (3) (5)

x = 2010, y = 2008 = 2010.

n ( n + 1) > 333, n + 1 2 10 n > 18, n 19 n = 18 n = 19.

= 220 264 2108 2182 = 210.

= 3 ( 22 33 121) = 3 22 33 1211 = 22 32 112.

10, 2 154 110

120 230 340 450 560 670 780 890

119, 229, 339, 449, 559, 669,

ABTC , : A 1 2 180 (1) .

3a5b 3959 3960

n = 2014 : = (n + 3)(n + 2)(n + 1)(n 1)(n 2)(n 3)

> ( 2 + 1) > 4 ( + 1) 4 2 + 4 + 1 > 4 2 + 4 ,

4. 1) f(a) = -1, 2 = 0. 2) A f() = 0, f( + 1) = -1. 1).

1. f(f(1)) = 1 f(1) = f(f(f(1))) =(f(1))3 2(f(1))2 + 3f(1) 1.

5 / > 5 5 / 3 = 2 5 / 3 > 1 > 1 / 4 .

4 + 90D + = 180D 5 = 90D

2000043 1999963 24 2000002 64

= 16k 2 + 8k + 1 16k 2 16k 4 16k 2 24k 9 + 16k 2 + 32k + 16

2n 1+1000 2n 1 = k ( 2n 1+1000 21000 ) .

GREEK MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY

a + 2 {2, 0, 2} a {4, 2, 0} 2a {2, 0, 2} a {1, 0, 1}

r 4 2ar 3 + a 2 r 2 + 2br 2 2abr + b 2 ( r ar + b )

GREEK MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY

( y 1)( y 2 ) < 0 1 < y < 2.

27 x 3 15ax 2 21bx 18c 3 x 3 x 2

27 x 3 15ax 2 21bx 18c 3 x 9 x 2 12 x 4

9 (11 1 + 0 ) = 99 9 (11a + b ) 9 (11 9 + 9 ) = 972

, a 2 > b . x1 < x2 < 0 ,

x14 + x13 + x24 + x23 + ... + x2017

2008-09 26 / 21-02-2009 2009: - -

3192 2913 279

(7), (8) (9) =

() a + d 10 b + c < 10 . , a > b > c > d > 0 , :

GREEK MATHEMATICAL SOCIETY

3xy x y 3xy z 3xyz. (5)

N  &   ( '  Q ' $

JJJG JJJJG JJJJG JJJJG

AC1 AC 2 = AB1 AB2 = AI AL1 .

a 2 + 2bc = 1, b 2 + 2ca = 1, c 2 + 2ab = 1

%'   0.' ^ p, q` 1 , #

%' p    #!  !, #

#     #  k n . +  # ! /! (3)  *$  :

  %    #  &$ p, q n  1, n 2  n  1 

min deg Q x 1  min deg P x 3.

     $ ' ! " &$ "

N  &   ( '  Q ' $

 ;! D1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 " DQ 1 , %#   / 

 &$  *$  

6''*/4% ' #'&/'%: S 1 3  2 4  "  (m  1)(m  3) .

m(m  1)(2m  1) m(m  1) m(m  1)(2m  7)

41 ,..., 80 , 1121 ,..., 1160

N & ( ' Q ' $

%' 0.' ^ p, q` 1 , #

%' p #! !, #

# # k n . + # ! /! (3) *$ :

% # &$ p, q n 1, n 2 n 1

min deg Q x 1 min deg P x 3.

$ ' ! " &$"

N & ( ' Q ' $

;! D1 D 2 D 3 D 4 D 5 " DQ 1 , %# /

&$ *$

6''*/4% ' #'&/'%: S 1 3 2 4 " (m 1)(m 3) .

m(m 1)(2m 1) m(m 1) m(m 1)(2m 7)