1

Result (V) from -den kaynaklanmak take after : look like : Resemble : benzemek
Result in -la sonulanmak mass production seri retim
pull down : destruct : destroy : demolish : devastate : giant : gigantic : huge : enormous : tremendous : : big :
harm : damage ykmak tahrip etmek zarar massive devasa : X kk : little : small : tiny
vermek tiny particles kk paracklar partikler
push X pull itmek X ekmek bump into: crash into : run into : collide with arpmak
Proof : evidence kant delil change : alter : shift : adapt deimek deitirmek
Prove ispat etmek X disprove rtmek structure yap
Approve X disapprove onaylamak X onaylamamak construct : build X destroy : destruct inaa etmek X
Compel : force : oblige : push : drive srklemek ykmak tahrip etmek
itmek zorlamak release : emit : give out : give off yaymak salmak
Compulsory (education) : mandatory : obligatory X amount : miktar : quantity
voluntary zorunlu X gnll quality kalite
Compile : pile : accumulate : gather (together) : pick up : about : around : nearly : approximately : almost :roughly
mount ylmak toplamak yaklaik olarak
Inter- aras rough (seas) kaba dalgal
International uluslararas !!! superficial !!! yzeysel stnkr X deep :
Internet alar aras, profound (knowledge / effect)
Interview mlakat Willing : eager : glad X unwilling : !!! reluctant !!
Interdependent (species) birbirine baimli She was quite reluctant to go out with me.
Interrupt : interfere : intervene : disturb : intrude For The disabled engelli
rahatsiz etmek araya girmek mdahale etmek To : in order to : so as to + V1 mek mak iin
Interventionist mdaheleci Develop : improve : enhance : advance : get better: go
Non-interventionist serbest mdahaleci olmayan better : flourish (flower) : evolve (evrim ilermek) X get
Infer : ikarim yapmak worse : worsen ilerlemek gelimek X ktlemek
Employ : hire : recruit ie almak (kiralamak)
Hire : Rent kiralamak Horrible : terrible : awful : dreadful : dreary korkun
Employer iveren rkn
Employee alan ii
Unemployed : out of work : jobless isiz 1. once twice three times ( a week)
Unemployment (rate) isizlik oran bir kez
employment istihdam i verme Once in a century once a week
Predict : fore (before ) foretell : foresee : forecast 2. once, we were all children. bir zamanlar
tahmin etmek ngrmek Once, turkey was a small country.
Pre-war period X post-war period (nce X sonra) 3. Once you have finished your homework, you can go
out.
Once = when -dnda
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Consider : regard : take into consideration dnmek You are not like your brother.
deerlendirmek gz nnde bulundurmak X disregard : Unlike Istanbul, isparta doesnt have a small population.
ignore neglect gz ard etmek ihmal etmek - tersine - aksine
Judge yarg 3. likely (adv) muhtemel X unlikely
Pre-judge nceden yarglamak nyarg It is highly unlikely to rain tomorrow morning.
Prejudice nyarg
She can speak german fluently akc bir ekilde
Receive X send almak X gndermek Major X minor : trivial nemli X nemsiz
Resign istifa Majority X minority cogunluk X azinlik
Retire emekli olmak (tired) The majority of people voted against the new plan. =
Hand in : submit teslim etmek more than half of the people .
Run away escape flee (fled fled) kamak Experiment deney
Find out : discover :uncover: unearth ortaya karmak Experience tecrbe deneyim
kefetmek Research aratrma
Go off : spoil (meat / milk ) bozzulmak Survey anket aratrma
Bad worse (comparative) the Do : perform : carry out : (experiment / research :
worst(superlative investigation / operation / duty : responsibilities)
-er beautiful more
beautiful Vision gr bakmak
1. much 2. far 3. a lot 4. Visible X invisible grlebilirX grlemez
even (better) Archaeological
Excavate : dig : dig up kazmak
Waste israf etmek Find out : discover : uncover : unearth : reveal ortaya
Dont waste your time! karmak kefetmek
Wasteful msrif Remains : left-over : ruins kalnt enkaz
Host ev sahiplii yapmak (hostess) Refer to atfta bulunmak -den bahsetmek
Lead led led ynlendirmek yol Race yar
amak sebep olmak Race rk
Leader Racist rk
Misled yanl ynlendirmek Racism rklk
Misunderstood yanl anlamak Though : although : even though : much as -e ramen
Misbehave yaramazlk yapmak kt davranmak her nekadar
Probably : likely : possibly : may be : perhaps belki
muhtemelen Case olay vaka durum
Case study -- >vaka incelemesi
1. like (v) holanmak X dislike holanmamak Evolution : evrim
I liked your new hairstyle. Revolution devrim
2. like (adj) benzemek X unlike benzememek Whoever --< her kim
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Wherever -- >her nerede Some countries, particularly Turkey, .
However her ne kadar her nasl Insist on : persist in srarc olmak
However late it is, Persistent (problems) : insistent cough
However hard the exam is, Probably : possible : may be : perhaps : likely
muhtemelen
12.07.2011 Entertain : amuse elendirmek
Differentiate from : distinguish from : tell apart : tell the Entertaining : Amusing elendirici
difference bir eyi bir eyden ayrt etmek Fortunately ne mutlu ki
Deserve haketmek Unfortunately maalesef ki
Desert leave : abandon terketmek ayrlmak Significant : important : remarkable : substantial :
considerable :dramatic : drastic kayda deer nemli
Consume tketmek make use of faydalanmak gze arpan
kullanmak come up with (a solution / idea) ortaya karmak -le
Exhaust run out of : use up tketmek (wipe) ortaya kmak
I am exhausted! very tired ok yorgun dont let me down! : disappoint hayal krklna
Continue : go on : keep on : carry on : maintain : sustain : uratmak
retain srdrmek devam ettirmek make up form : oluturmak
Widen : enlarge :Expand : extend yaymak geniletmek make up your mind : decide : make a decision : come to a
Transmit (knowledge / data) tamak yaymak decision : reach a decision karar vermek karara
aktarmak ulamak
Income gelir Whether you are a student or a teacher, you can attend
Outcome kt this course. (ister ister ..)
Input X output girdi X kt I dont know whether she is a student or not.
Diagnose tehis etmek tan koymak Hardly : barely : rarely : scarcely : sparsely neredeyse
Look like : take after : resemble benzemek gibi hi
gzkmek I hardly have any friends.
Resemblance benzerlik Such as : like
Assign (sorumluluk / grev)vermek yklemek Some countries, such as Turkey and England, . .
Assignment grev Some countries, like Turkey and England, .
Tight : strict : inflexible : rigid : firm : X flexible : loose I completed this task as you told me.
Strong X weak sert gl X zayf elimsiz Like + NOUN
Vague : unclear net olmayan belirsiz as + CMLE (yarm cmle)
Value deer As in the 19th century.
Valuable deerli Such countries as Turkey and England
!!!! Invaluable ok deerli paha biilemez Such that o kadar ki
Worthless deersiz Such a beautiful girl that .. o kadar gzel bir kz d ki
Particular (adj) bilinen belli bal .
Particularly : especially : specially : in particular zellikle Such bylesi ylesi
 4
There are some people who talk a lot. I dislike such Earthquake deprem
people. Landslide toprak kaymas
Feature : characteristics zellik Hurricane kasrga
Moreover : furthermore : what is more : in addition + Meteor shower
CMLE dahas Famine ktlk
Due to : owing to : thanks to : because of + Ving /NOUN) Drought kuraklk
-den dolay sebebiyle Epidemic : pandemic salgn
Despite : in spite of + NOUN (Ving) -e ramen Avalanche
As well as : in addition to : besides + NOUN (Ving) yan so + adj + that o kadar ki
sra she was so beautiful that
Good value uygun ekonomik
Expenditure : spending harcama masraf gider to : in order to : So as to + V1 mek mak iin
Effect : impact : influence etki for + NOUN (Ving) mek mak iin
Error : mistake hata so that + CMLE (modal ) mek mak iin
ATTENTION CAUTION + I came here to see you.
Attentive : cautious : careful dikkatli + I came here in order to see you.
Careless : reckless dikkatsiz + I came here so as to see you.
Opportunity frsat : chance - I came here not to see you.
Defence savunma - I came here so as not to see you.
Offence saldr - I came here in order not to see you.

Hazard : danger tehlike I came here for seeing you.

Hazardous : dangerous tehlikeli X safe : secure : sound I came here so that I could see you.
safe and sound sa salim I always come here so that I can see you.
Occasion : incident : event : case : happening olay Close (friends) yakn
vaka Get close yaknlamak
Hostile unfriendly dman dmancl
Sure assure ensure make sure Host ev sahiplii yapmak (ev sahibi)
insure Impressive /(building) etkileyici
I assure you that you will all be successful in this exam. First impression ilk izlenim
garanti etmek Impress etkilemek izlenim birakmak
Make sure that you switch off all the lights before going Previously : formerly : in the past eskiden nceden
out. emin olmak Infra-red kzltesi
Insure sigortalamak Infra-structure altyap
Insurance company sigorta irketi (policy) politika Account hesap
NATURAL disaster : catastrophe : calamity Account for -karlk gelmek -oluturmak
felaket
Flood sel 1. order => sipari etmek vermek
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2. order => emir vermek (/The soldiers were ordered to cesaretlendirmek X cesaretini krmak vazgeirmek
attack!) caydrmak
3. order => sra dzen conceal : hide : cover rtmek kaplamak
Disorder bozukluk dzensizlik hastalk hidden cameras gizli kamera
Mental disorders zihinsel bozukluklar anticipate : expect : foresee : foretell : estimate : predict :
Behind gerisinde forecast : guess tahmin etmek ngrmek beklemek
Ahead ilerisinde anticipation : expectation -> beklenti
He was well / far ahead of his time. mend : fix : repair tamir etmek
Rest dinlenme voluntary X compulsory (education) : mandatory :
Have a rest dinlenme obligatory gnll X zorunlu
Rest geri kalan compel sb to do sth
Respond cevap vermek tepki vermek force sb to do sth
Curious merak oblige sb to do sth
Distinctive (features) ayrt edici (zellikler) push sb to do sth
Distinguish : differentiate : tell apart : tell the difference push sb into doing sth
occupy : inhabit : reside : dwell : Settle igal etmek
megl etmek ikamet etmek
19.07.2011 occupant : inhabitant : resident : dweller : settler
division of labour --< i blm sakinleri bir yerde yaayanlar
divide : separate ayrmak blmek what is your occupation meslek i meguliyet
labour i i gc what is your job?
gender cinsiyet Capture ele geirmek yakalamak
gender discrimination cinsiyet ayrmcl Captivity tutsaklk
hardly : barely : rarely : scarcely : sparsely neredeyse Abuse : misuse ktye kullanmak istismar etmk
hi Child abuse ocuk istismari
increase : go up X decrease : go down : decline : dwindle : Sexual abuse cinsel istismar
diminish artmak X azalmak Consider : regard : think : take into consideration
vigorously : energetically : dynamically enerjik gl dnmek deerldnirme X disregard : ignore gz ard
sert bir ekilde etmek
significant : considerable : remarkable kayda deer Neglect ihmal etmek
nemli ciddi miktarlarda (change / improvement) Negligent ihmalkar
process sre Negligible (change) ihmal edilebilir
progress (v) ilerlemek
suppose : think : varsaymak farzetmek dnmek Recall : recollect : recognize : remember hatrlama
courage cesaret farketmek tanmak
courageous : brave cesur Remind hatrlatmak
encourage sb to do sth : hearten sb to do sth X discourage
sb from doing sth : dishearten sb FROM doing sth Recite (a poem) ezberden bir eyi okumak
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Health salk The result of sth
Wealth zenginlik Her success resulted from her hard work.
Health is the biggest wealth! Her hard work resulted in her success.
Rich : well-off : well-to-do : prosperous : wealthy zengin Consider : regard : take into consideration X disregard :
varlkl ignore dnmek X gz ard etmek
Gather : (together) : pick up : collect : compile : pile : Considerable : remarkable : significant kayda deer
accumulate toplamak toplanmak ylmak Considerate dnceli
Accuse sb of doing sth Neglect ihmal etmek
Blame sb for doing sth SULAMAK Negligent ihmalkar
Charge sb with doing sth Negligible ihmal edilebilir
Indicate : show : signal iaret etmek gstermek Inequality eitsizlik
Arrest yakalamk under arrest -->tutuklu Tend to eilimli olmak meilli olmak
Release serbest brakmak Tendency eilim meil
Provide sb with sth : supply sb with sth : equip sb with sth. Between between 2 things between this and that
salamak sunmak Among among more than 2 things between these
Demand X supply talep etmek X arz etmek and those
Imitate : duplicate : replicate Fracture fragment --< para krk
Exposed to : subject to maruz kalmak Put off : postpone : delay ertelemek geciktirmek
Coral mercan Call off : cancel iptal etmek
Coral reef mercan kayalklar Solid : kat
Sensitive hassas duyarl Liquid sv
Sensible : reasonable : logical : acceptable Kabul Gas gaz
edilebilir makul mantkl Soldier asker
Sense duyu his hissetmek
26.07.2011
Dogmatic : rigid : inflexible Significant : remarkable : considerable : dramatic : drastic
Enthusiastic hevesli istekli kayda deer ciddi nemli (changes / improvement
Accurate doru net ak X inaccurate : progress)
Demanding : tiring : difficult : hard yorucu Suppose : assume : presume varsaymak farzetmek
Interrupt : interfere : intervene : disturb rahatsiz
Mass kitle ktle yn etmek araya girmek mdahale etmek
Mass media kitle medya Run away escape flee (fled fled) kamak
Mass communication kitle iletiim Responsible for sorumlu olmak
Mass transportation toplu tama Respond to : reply to : answer to tepki vermek cevap
Mass production seri retim vermek karlk vermek
Mass psychology sr psikolojisi Response (n) tepki cevap karlk
Vulnerable to : susceptible to : Defenceless savunmasz In response to sth bir eye tepki olarak karlk olarak
saldrya tehlikeye ak meilli
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Explore kefetmek explorer kaif exploration Ripe X raw olgun X ham: i (fruit / materials)
keif Raw materials ham madde
Disagreement : conflict : dispute anlamazlk Mature X immature olgun X olgun olmayan toy
Fall into conflict : fall into disagreement : fall into dispute Hostile : unfriendly dmancl
Grief : sorrow ac yas hzn
Relieve (v) rahatlatmak Require : make necessary : necessitate : call for
Relief (n) rahatlama rahatlk gerektirmek zorunlu klmak
Pain relievers ar kesiciler Expose maruz brakmak
Relief organizations yardm kurulular Be exposed to : be subject to maruz kalmak
Exit k Expose : reveal : uncover : discover : make known : make
Exist varolmak existence varlk varolu public : unearth ortaya karmak
(become) extinct : die out : wipe out : disappear : perish : Hesitate ekinmek
Vanish yok olmak nesli tkenmek Hesitant ekingen
Evidence : proof -- >kant delil adequate : Sufficient :: enough yeterli
Prove X disprove ispat etmek X rtmek Insufficient : inadequate : not enough : DEFICIENT : lacking
Approve X disapprove onaylamak X onaylamamak : short (of) ktlk eksiklik yetersizlik
Propose : offer : suggest teklif etmek nermek Lack of vitamins vitamin eksiklii
sunmak Water shortage
Proposal : offer : suggestion neri teklif Short of food
Accept : agree to X not accept : disagree : REFUSE : REJECT Vitamin deficiency vitamin eksiklii
: TURN DOWN Widespread : common : frequent yaygn sk
Be against to : be opposed to : be object to -e kar Fire : sack : dismiss : lay off : make redundant iten
olmak atmak
Dramatically : drastically : considerably : remarkably : You are fired!
significantly : notably : noticeably : markedly : Redundant gereksiz extra bo
substantially (change / improve : advance : progress / Obstacle : blockage : barrier engel
deteriorate) Obstruct : block engellemek
Modest lml mtevazi
Wide X narrow geni X dar Moderate orta halli mtevazi
Widen : enlarge : extend : expand yaymak Eradicate : wipe kkn kurutmak
geniletmek Law / rule abolish : lift yrrlkten kaldrmak X
Exactly : definitely : certainly : absolutely : clearly : totally : implement : impose : put into effect : put in practice
fully : wholly tam olarak net bir ekilde kesinlikle Come over : overcome : get over : recover stesinden
tamamen gelmek atlatmak iyilemek
You are exactly right! Take over stlenmek devralmak
The whole world the whole day the whole class Turn up : show up arrive bir yere varmak gelmek
tm btn ulamak
Rotten rk Take in : receive understand : almak anlamak
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Take in : deceive aldatmak Drug addiction alcohol addiction baimlilik
Take part in : participate in : join in : go in for yer almak Be addicted to sth : be dependent on sth baimli olmak
katlmak Loyal sadk loyalty sadakat
Appropriate : proper : suitable (for) uygun elverili Royal kraliyetle ilgili
Approximately : nearly yaklak Local yerel
As a consequence : as a result sonu Chance : opportunity ans frsat
Opponent : rival rakip Retreat : Withdraw geri ekilmek
Presume : suppose : Assume varsaymak
A number of : several + Countable plural (....s) .... are Assumption : presumption : supposition varsayim
The number of the students in this classroom is 30. The earth revolves around the sun. dnmek
Attitude (TOWARDS) tutum Orbit yrnge
Behaviour davran Follow : chase : hunt : trace (down) : track (down) : pursue
Involve iermek peinden gitmek takip etmek izini srmek
Be involved in sth dahil olmak mdahil olmak Stand : bear : tolerate : endure : put up with : withstand
karmak katlanmak kar koymak dayanmak
I was involved in a car accident yesterday. I cant stand you! I cant bear you!
The minister was involved in a bribery scandal. Explode : blow : blow up havaya uurmak
Mercy merhamet pity acmak (volcano) erupt patlamak
Merciless : pitiless : brutal : cruel : vicious zalim Volcanic eruption volkanik patlama
acmasz gaddar go through : live through : experience : undergo
Eligible uygun elverili yetkin tecrbe etmek baindan geirmek
Run risk risk tamak beneficial faydal yararl
Take risk risk almak greedy a gzl
Adverse : unfavourable olumsuz kt generous cmert
Adverse (conditions / effect ) mean cimri
Side effect yan etki extravagant : wasteful musrif savurgan
Attract : draw ekmek cezbetmek watchful : alert : attentive : careful : observant dikkatli
Hawaii islands draw millions of tourist every year. Be watchful! WATCH OUT! dikkat et!
Scene sahne Scenery manzara grnt Excellent : perfect mkemmel am
Exceed : surpass : go beyond amak tesine gemek
07.08.2011 Obey the rules : stick to : adhere to : abide by : comply
Tend to : be inclined to eilimli olmak meilli olmak with itaaat etmk uymak X disobey itaat
Disagreement : conflict : dispute anlamazlk etmememk inemek
Fall into conflict : fall into disagreement : fall into dispute Extend : expand : widen : enlarge geniletmek
anlamazla dmek yaylmak
Crucial : imperative : vital : : highly important : essential : Hinder : hamper : block : obstruct engellemek
basic : fundamental : indispensable vazgeilmez Break into : enter forcefully zorla bir yere girmek
hayati neme sahip
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Break out patlak vermek (war / fire / epidemic : Gender discrimination cinsiyet ayrmcl
pandemic / crisis) Every = each her bir her
Outbreak salgn patlak veren olay Each of OK each of my students is
Believe in : trust in : have confidence in : confide in : have Every of NO !!!
faith in inanmak gvenmek March yry : demonstration gsteri
Self-confidence zgven Admire hayran olmak
I am confident that --- eminim ki Admit Kabul etmek (itiraf etmek) X deny inkar
I am confident of --- etmek
Cause to : lead to : give way to : give rise to : bring about Isparta is located in the south of Turkey.
ortaya karmak neden olmak sebep olmak Isparta is situated at the south of Turkey.
Happen : occur : take place : come about ortaya kmak Isparta lays / lies next to Antalya.
meydana gelmek Insist on : persist in israrci olmak
Private X public : state-owned zel X halk Consist (of) : comprise of : made up of : composed of -
Differentiate from : distinguish from : tell apart : tell the den meydana gelmek
difference bir eyi bir eyden ayrt etmek Consistent (adj) tutarl
Distinctive (features) ayrt edici (zellikler) Consistency tutarllk
Imaginary : fanciful : fictional kurgusal hayali X factual Consistently tutarl bir ekilde
geree dayanan Towards -e doru
In fact aslnda gerekte Inwards ieriye doru
Fact gerek Backwards geriye doru
Accurate tam doru Southwards gneye doru
Vulnerable to : susceptible to : Defenceless : prone to Onwards : onward : on (tarihsel olarak) ileriye doru
savunmasz saldrya tehlikeye ak meilli From the 19th century onwards,
Remote : far : far away :distant uzak mesafeli From the 19th century onward,
Distance mesafe uzaklik From the 19th century on,
Virtual sanal From now on, u andan itibaren
Virtually : almost : practically neredeyse hemen hemen Lay people ordinary sradan
I almost failed the exam. Access -> erimek ulamak
Spiritual (leader) ruhani (liderler) Inaccessible locations ulalamaz : remote
Spirit ruh Through : by : by means of : via yoluyla sayesinde
Make up for : compensate for telafi etmek Digital pictures can be accessed and manipulated through
Compensation telafi tazminat : by : by means of : via a desktop computer
Receive : perceive : conceive almak alglamak Cite alntlamak alnt yapmak
Reception : perception : conception alg anlay
kavrama 14.08.2011
Visual perception grsel alg Dramatically : drastically : considerably : remarkably :
Segregate discriminate ayrmcllk yapmak significantly : notably : noticeably : markedly :
Racial segregation race discrimination rk ayrmcl
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substantially (change / improve : advance : progress / The operation was a partial success.
deteriorate) You are partially right!
Fertile : fruitful verimli retken Avoid : evade kanmak saknmak
Fertility rate doum oran Avoidable : evitable kanlabilir X unavoidable :
Infertile treatment ksrlk tedavisi inevitable kanlmaz
Fertilizer gbre Intensive care youn bakm
Futile : useless kullansz bouna Intense : dense : heavy youn
Intend to niyetlenmek Provide sb with sth : supply sb with sth : equip sb with sth
Intentionally : on purpose : purposefully : purposely : sunmak salamak
knowingly : deliberately kasten Demand : Ask for X supply talep etmek X arz etmek
By accident : accidentally kazara Law / rule abolish : lift yrrlkten kaldrmak X
By mistake hata zre implement : impose : put into effect : put in practice
By chance ans eseri Evacuate boaltmak tahliye etmek
At random : randomly : haphazardly : Arbitrary rastgele *** Evaluate assess weigh : measure
Arbitrary geliigzel keyfi deerlendirmek lmek tartmak
Press bask basklamak basmak **** Assessment : evaluation : deerlendirme
Express ifade etmek Evolve gelimek ilerlemek (evolvement evolution)
Expression ifade Value deer
Impressive etkileyici Unusual : strange : extraordinary : odd : weird : bizarre
Impress etkilemek tuhaf srad
First impression ilk izlenim It is unusual to have snow in the middle of summer.
Oppress : repress : suppress : bask kurmak bastrmak Generous cmert X mean cimri
Elaborate : detailed : comprehensive detayl kapsaml Extravagant : wasteful musrif
Comprehend : understand anlamak kavramak Exclusively for you : only for you sadece
Exclusive ayrcalkl
Particularly : in particular : especially : specially : notably Objective : purpose : aim : goal : target ama hedef
zellikle gze arpan bir ekilde gaye
Stand out : Be noted : be noticed gze arpmak Objective tarafsz
farkedilmek Objection kar kma itiraz
Outstanding (researcher) : leading (country) gze Tear yrtmak paralamak ayrmak
arpan : sekin War-torn countries savan paralad
Stand up ayaa kalmak Tear (n) --< gz ya
Pick out : select : choose semek Burst into tears gzyalarna boulmak
Pick up : collect : gather (together) : pile : compile : Burst into laughter kahkahaya boulmak
accumulate : mount toplamak toplanmak ymak Burst into flames alevler arasnda kalmak
ylmak Burst patlamak
partially : in part X totally : wholly : fully : entirely : utterly Obstacle : blockage : barrier engel
: completely
 11
Obstruct : block : halt : hinder : hamper : deter : impede Humiliate : look down on : kk grmek
engellemek nn kesmek vazgeirmek kmsemek
Nominate aday gstermek Argue : discuss : debate (OVER / about ) sth
Nominee aday Adapt : change : shift : alter deitirmek
Damage : harm : impair zarar vermek Adopt (a child) evlat edinmek
Repair : fix : mend -_> onarmak tamir etmek Adopt (a method / language) benimsemek Kabul
Genius dahi etmek
Genuine original : authentic : real gerek X artificial Person people insan insanlar
: fake : false : unreal : not real : synthetic : imitation A people peoples halk topluluk
Vital : essential : indispensable vazgeilemez hayati Determined kararl
neme sahip I am determined to pass this exam! kararlym
Gain : obtain : acquire : get elde etmek Determination kararllk azim
No pain, no gain! ac olmadan kazan olmaz Look for : search for : search aramak
Go off : spoil bozulmak (milk / meat) Look into : research : investigate aratrmak
Spoiled child yaramaz Invest yatrm yapmak
Decay rmek In search of sth bir eyin aray iinde olmak
Rot rmek Means of communication iletiim yollar
Cure : treat : heal : remedy are deva ila iyilemek Means of transportation ulam aralar
tedavi etmek Nourishment beslenme
Imitate taklit etmek Nourish beslemek nurture
Initiate balatmak : Nature or nurture
Initial ilk balangtaki
Initially : at first : in the beginning balangta 21.08.2011
Give off : give out : emit : release : spread : scatter Avoid evade -> kanmak saknmak
yaymak salmak da vermek Avoidable : evitable : escapable kanlabilir
Absorb : take in emmek iine ekmek Unavoidable : inevitable : inescapable kanlmaz
Span (v) uzamak (zaman / mekan) kaplamak Tax evasion vergi karma
Span (n) sre excess : surpass
Lifespan yaam sresi excessive ar abart
Indifferent to : listless to kaytsz ilgisiz alakasz excessively ar derecede
Reign : dominate hkm srmek
Sovereignty saltanat admire hayran olmak
Internalise iselletirmek admiration hayranlk
Magnificent muhteem achieve : succeed baarmak elde etmek
Magnify bytmek get : gain : obtain : acquire elde etmek kazanmak
Humid nemli baarmak
Humidity nem lay the foundation (of sth) bir eyin temelini atmak
pave the way : give way to bir eyin yolunu amak
 12
Assume : presume : suppose : reckon varsaymak Catch on become popular nl olmak nlenmek
farzetmek Moral ahlak ahlakla ilgili
Assumption : presumption : supposition varsaym Morale moral
Literate okur yazar X illiterate okuma yazma Proper : appropriate : suitable : Decent : convenient
bilmeyen uygun dzgn elverili
Identical (twins) - tpa tp birbrinin ayns benzer Improper : indecent : unsuitable : inappropriate :
Identify tespit etmek kimliini belirlemek inconvenient uygunsuz dzgn olmayan elverili
Handy : useful pratik kullanl olmayan
Absolute mutlak Lift : elevate kaldrmak
Absolute (zero / value / ruler) Merciless : pitiless : brutal : cruel : vicious zalim
acmasz gaddar
Humiliate : look down on : scorn : disdain : contempt : Just : only just you and me
overlook kk grmek kmsemek I have just arrived henz
Get along with sb : get on well with sb birisiyle iyi Just (adj) --> adil adaletli Be just!
geinmek Justice adalet
Get by (financially) geinmek Injustice adaletsizlik
1. take up : Start doing sth yeni bir eye balamak Judge yarg yarglamak
X give up : stop doing sth bir eyi brakmak Prejudge nyarglamak
2. take up : occupy igal etmek megl etmek (time / Prejudice nyarg
space : room) Justify hakl karmak dorulamak
Contradict elimek Boring : dull : Tedious skc X interesting : catchy
Conflict : disagreement : dispute anlamazlk atma ilgin
Fall into conflict / dispute / disagreement anlamazla Dignity saygnlk
dmek Respectively : in the given order verilen srasyla
Challenge meydan okumak sorun karmak X and y 1920 and 1924, respectively.
Apprehend : comprehend : understand : take in The former X the latter nceki X sonraki
anlamak kavramak Anticipate : Expect ummak beklemek
Reading comprehension passages Collapse --_> kmek
Look : look for : search : Search for : seek : seek for Hasty : quick : fast : swift : rapid : speedy hzl
aramak Jealous : envious kskan
Seek (sought / sought) Envy (of) kskanmak
Resort to (violence) iddete bavurmak Resent ierlemek resentment ierleme
Obvious : clear : apparent : evident ak net bariz Allow sb to do sth : enable sb to do sth :permit sb to do
gzle grlen sth izin vermek
It is evident that ....... . Let sb do sth izin vermek
Hereditary kaltsal You can call me regardless of the time.
Inborn : innate: inherited : inbred : instinct : genetic : You can call me no matter how late it is.
hereditary doutan gelen igdsel kaltsal You can call me however late it is.
 13
Acquainted with sb: familiar with sb
Regardless of + NOUN
No matter + wh- 28.08.2011
However + adj proper : appropriate : suitable : decent : convenient
Whatever her ne uygun dzgn elverili kolay
Whenever her nezaman in the short term ksa vadede X in the long term
However + ADJ / ADV her nasl her ne kadar in the short run ksa dnemde X in the long run
Toll gei creti uzun vadede
Death toll l says reverse : converse tersi evirmek
Currently : presently : right now : at the moment : now reversible tersinebilir geri dndrlebilir
PRESENT Cont. / PRESENT Simple u anda imdi irreversible (effect) geri dndrlemez
Recently : lately : in recent times son zamanlarda accordance uyum (agreement : harmony)
PRESENT PERFECT value deer
Formerly : previously : earlier : in the past eskiden valuable deerli : invaluable : priceless : precious
gemite PAST SIMPLE paha biilemeyen
Survive hayatta kalmak worthless : valueless deersiz
Revive canlanmak hayata dnmek evaluate : assess deerlendimrek
Revival of interest ilgi canlanmas optional : elective (courses) semeli
Revival of a species hayvan trnn saysnn artmas entire : utter : complete : the whole btn tamamen
Live up to (expectations) (beklentileri) karlamak komple
Busy (with) doing sth bireyle megul olmak entirely : utterly : completely : wholly : fully : totally
Help sb do sth help sb to do sth tamamen
At a time bir zamanlar evacuate tahliye etmek
At a time tek bir seferde / oturumda Casualty kazazede yaral
In the hope of doing sht bir eyi yapma umuduyla Concerned with -le ilgili olmak
Sun solar gnele ilgili Concerned about hakknda endieli olmak
Moon lunar ayla ilgili Concerns (n) endieler
Hospitable misafirperver Owe borlu olmak
Hostile dmancl Be indebted to borlu olmak (minnettar olmak)
Host ev sahiplii yapmak Debt (/n) bor
Though : although : even though : much as -e ramen I am indebted to my parents for my success.
ADJ + to V1 Own : have : possess sahip olmak
PREPOSITION + Ving Belong to ait olmak
(it is) Nice to meet you. Ambiguous : Vague belirsiz
I am happy to be here with you. Constant : steady : stable deimeyen duraan sabit
Convince sb to do sth : persuade sb to do sth ikna X fluctuate dalgalanmak
etmek X dissuade sb FROM doing sth vazgeirmek Diverse : varied eitil
caydrmak Vary : range : differ (FROM ....... TO)
 14
The ages of my students range from 20 to 50. Confide in : believe in : trust in inanmak gvenmek
Biodiversity bioeitlilik canl eitlilii Confidence gven (z gven)
Old : old-fashioned : out-of-date : obsolete dmod Be confident of sth bir eyden emin olmak
tarihi gemi eski Be confident that bireyden emin olmak
Teach taught taught retmek I am confident of your success. senin baarndan
Think thought thought eminim
dnmek I am confident that you will be successful in this exam.
Irregular verbs Deserve HAKETMEK
Seek sought sought aramak Desert terketmek (l)
Was Founded kuruldu Betray ihanet etmek
Was found bulundu Condemn ayplamak
Foundation : establishment kurulu Embrace kucaklamak kapsamak
Establish : ascertain Kabul ettirmek Kabul grmek (include)
Faint : pass out baylmak Remark ifade etmek
Pass away : die lmek Accurate : precise : exact tam doru net
Faint (adj) there was a faint of gas smell in the kitchen. Framework ereve
X strong Legal framework yasal ereve
Boast : show off hava atmak bbrlenmek Either ...... or (1) ya o ...... ya o.
Boost artrmak Neither. ...... nor (0) ne o ..... ne o
Boom explode : blow : blow up patlamak havaya Both ...... and (2) hem ..... hem
umak Not only ..... but also (2) sadece o deil...... ayn
Genuine : original : authentic orjinal X fake : false : zamanda bu
artificial : synthetic yapay sahte Not merely......... but ...... as well
False teeth takma di
detailed : comprehensive : elaborate detayl kapsaml
(animal) species tr Not ........... but o deil...... fakat bu....
Spice baharat Come to see me not ONLY on Monday, but ALSO on
Space uzay Tuesday.
Space : room alan boluk Write this letter not MERELY in English, but in Turkish, as
Spacious : roomy geni ferah well.
Particularly : in particular : especially : specifically : Only : merely : purely : solely : just
specially : notably : outstandingly zellikle Also : too : as well
Some countries, .......... Turkey and England, I came here not ONLY because I wanted to see you, but
Except hari d ALSO because I wanted to see Jane.
Exception istisna Not only jane but also alex was at the party.
Exceptional istisnai olan Both jane and alex were at the party.
Exceptionally istisnai olarak Pass (time) doing sth
She is exceptionally beautiful. Busy doing sth
 15
Tough zorlu sert
The reduction of RELATIVE CLAUSE Thorough tamamen komple ayrntl dip ke
Ving active Rough dalgal przl yaklak
V3 passive X calm smooth
Having V3 active (zaman fark var) exact
Having been V3 passive (zaman fark var) Property : feature : characteristics : trait zellik
To V1 / Ving / Traditions and customs : convention gelenek grenek
I saw him crossing the street. Traditional : customary : conventional geleneksel
I heard him singing a song yesterday. (usual )
See sb doing sth Process sre
Hear sb doing sth Proceed go on srdrmek devam ettirmek
Arbitrary keyfi casual Result (in) -le sonulanmak
Well after the operation Result (from ) -den kaynaklanmak
Well before the exam Result (n) sonu
Well ahead of his time Cause (n) sebep
Well behind the rest of the classroom Reason (n) neden
Well : Far -- <olduka endanger : threaten : put at risk : jeopardize
tehlikeye atmak riske etmek
07.09.2011 work out : figure out : sort out : make out zmek
Innovation yenilik (invention) zerinde almak anlamak
Renovation yenilik (restoration) adjust ayarlamak
Apply (for / to) a job bavurmak Recall : recollect : recognize : remember hatrlama
Apply uygulamak farketmek tanmak
Application uyguluma / bavuru Remind hatrlatmak
Solve zmek Complete --< tam tamamlamak
Solution zm Compete yarmak (rivalry : race ) yarmak
Resolution uzlama zm Competition yar
Poem iir poet air Competent kompetan usta becerikli
Author yazar Do : perform : carry out : conduct (experiment / research
Prose dz yaz : investigation / operation / duty : responsibilities /
Epic destan business ) yrtmek gerekletirmek yapmak
Literature edebiyat hayata geirmek
Certain belli bal belirli show up : turn up : arrive : appear belirmek ortaya
On certain days kmak varmak
Through boyunca fall back on : rely on dayanmak gvenmek
by means of : via : by yoluyla pretend m gibi yapmak (as if )
sayesinde prevail be dominant baskn olmak hkm srmek
Though : although : even though -e ramen reign hkm srmek
 16
prevalent dominant baskn hakim yaygn Casual (clothes / language) daily gnlk (everyday
prevalence grlme skl yaygnl language) rahat
fertile : fruitful : prosperous verimli retken zengin X Intensify younlatrmak
infertile : unfruitful : arid : barren kurak orak Obstacle : blockage : barrier engel
be home to : host : accommodate ev sahiplii yapmak PREVENT: Obstruct : block : halt : hinder : hamper : deter :
barndrmak impede : stop : keep SB FROM DOING STH engellemek
hostile dmancl : unfriendly nn kesmek vazgeirmek
find found found bulmak Complain (to / about)
found founded founded I complained about the bad service to the manager.
kurmak Attach X detach ilave etmek eklemek X koparmak
found : Establish : install : Setup kurmak ayrmak
was founded kuruldu Come over : overcome : Recover : Get over iyilemek
was found bulundu stesinden gelmek
establish Kabul ettirmek oturtmak Take over stlenmek devralmak yerine gemek
thrive zenginlemek : flourish Go over: review gzden geirmek stnden gemek
thriving gelien zenginleen tekrar etmek
Cope with : Deal with : tackle with : handle with ele
13.09.2011 almak zmeye almak uramak
Matter konu / sorun / mesele MADDE Digestive system sindirim sistemi
Habitat yaam alan Digest sindirmek
Inhabit (v) : reside : dwell : settle : occupy ikamet keep up with : catch up with: keep pace with ayak
etmek uydurmak
Inhabitant : resident : dweller : settler : occupant look up to : respect sayg duymak
sakinleri bir yerde yaayanlar look down on : humiliate : Scorn : disdain : contempt
Ancestor ata aalamak kmsemek
Descendant torun get rid of : make away with kurtulmak bandan
Colleague : co-worker i arkada meslekta atmak
College kolej get along with : get on (well) (with) sb iyi geinmek
Counterpart denk zde karlk gelen get by geinmek (financially)
Poor FAKR afford to gc yetmek
Primitive ilkel basic : simple basit set out : set off : depart : leave yola kmak ayrlmak
kolay turn up : show up : Arrive : appear unexpectedly
Sensitive hassas duyarl beklenmedik bir anda belirmek ortaya kmak
Sensible : reasonable : logical : meaningful : acceptable kagelmek
kabul edilebilir makul mantkl go by (time) years go by yllar geiyor (fly)
X non-sense : nonsense : stupid : silly : illogical : break through zoru baarmak
unreasonable : meaningless : unacceptable : ridiculous breakthrough (n) zorlu baar
Ridicule (v) alay etmek dalga gemek sample rnek
 17
evaluate : assess deerlendimrk relatively : comparatively nispeten greceli olarak
evaluation : assessment deerlendirme nispi olarak
measure : Weigh lmekl turn into : change into : transform into : convert into
evolution evrim evolve deitirmek dntrmek
revolution devrim revolt translate into tercme etmek
conversion deiim dnm
obey /the rules / : stick to : abide by : adhere to : agree to disputable : arguable : CONTROVERSIAL tartmal
itaat etmek uymak tartmaya ak
X disagree : disobey : defy : rebel : revolt : rise up incalculable invaluable priceless paha biilemez
Obedient uysal itaatkar X disobedient : defiant : ok deerli
rebellious make over : do over: redo : start again tekrar yapmak
(UN) Fortunately ne mutlu ki go over review gzden geirmek
(UN) Employment istihdam paved the way yolunu amak
Riot ayaklanma futile : useless : vain bouna beyhude fuzuli
Property mal mlk gayrimenkul toprak gereksiz
Rumours dedikodu sylenti I tried to contact her the whole weekend in vain.
Intelligence istihbarat Linguistic dilbilim
CIA central intelligence agency Bilingual 2 dil bilen
Common yaygn :frequent : widespread : extensive Multilingual ok dil bilen
geni kapsaml
Common ortak 27.09.2011
I dont have anything in common with you. Restricted to : limited to : confined to : bound to
Restrict to: limit to : confine to : bound to snrlandrmak hapsetmek
snrlandrmak hapsetmek mahkum etmek Cavemen maara adam
Offspring ocuk yavru Cave maara
Cave paintings maara resimleri
20.09.2011 Cave drawings maara izimleri
Cross out : draw out : leave out : Exclude : omit : rule out Audience viewer izleyici seyirci
atmak hari tutmak karmak Spectator izleyici taraftar
Customs (officer) gmrk (border export import) Prompt sudden : immediate : swift hzl ani
Customer mteri abuk
Customs and traditions : convention gelenek grenek Prompt (decision / response )
Agent bireyin olmasona neden olan ey etmen Came into being : came into existence var olmaya
faktor arac balamak
Came to be used kullanlmaya baland
Contemporary 1. ada modern Came to a halt durdu
2. ada ayn Came to a conclusion sonuca / karma varmak
dnemde yaam Came to a decision karara ulamak
 18
Necessarily illa ki Suspect phe duymak
Being a student doesnt necessarily mean that you have Suspicion phe : doubt
study for three hours a day. Suspicious phe
Necessitate : require : call for : make necessary I am suspicious that
gerektirmek zorunlu klmak Temperate lman
Inquire question : research : investigate : look into Temperature scaklk
aratrmak soruturmak sorgulamak Temporary geici
Inquisitive sorgulayc merakl Altitude ykseklik
Vegetation bitki rts Attitude tutum
Expose : reveal ortaya karmak plak hale getirmek Behaviour davran
The main function of the journalists in a country is to Slope eim yama
expose corruption in the society. Steep (/adj) dik
Arid : barren unfruitful : infertile kurak : orak Get : gain : obtain : acquire : elde etmek kazanmak
verimsiz baarmak ele geirmek
Shame utan Welfare refah huzur bari
Shape ekil dnemi
Shade glge Warfare sava sava dnemi
Shadow glge My being upset has nothing to do with your being here.
Sustainable agriculture srdrlebilir tarm hi alakas yok
Sustainable energy resources Studying a lot has little to do with passing this exam.
Sustainable development policies Working a lot has a lot to do with having a lot money.
Admit itiraf etmek Kabul etmek
Deny inkar etmek
Deniable inkar edilebilir
Undeniable inkar edilemez
Scholar alim
Scholarship burs
Scholarship bilim
Appreciate takdir etmek kymetini bilmek
Implicit ima edilen gizil gizli dolayl
Explicit dorudan ak bariz
Attention span dikkat sresi
Span : duration sure
Lifespan yaam sresi mr
Implication : effect etki
Implication bireyin olmas muhtemel etkileri / ortaya
kmas muhtemel durumlar
Stride byk adm (breakthrough)