adjectives with infinitive or -ing adjective + to-infi ‘© able / unable, careful, curious, due, foolish, free, inclined, prepared, ready, welcome, willing Sorry, but 'm unable to lend you the money. The tain is ready to leave. © Iesentences advisable, best / better, difficult, easy, curlous, impossible, nice, possible Its easy (for people) to make mistakes. Its curious to imagine what people once us It's best to leave before the rush hou’ ed to think, © Its hard to please you / you are hard to please Some adjectives (eg easy, good, hard, impossible) can follow this pattern: 1's Impossible (for me) to reach the top shelf. The top shelf Is Impossible (or me) to reach. Adjectives describing feelings (eg annoying, Interesting, lovely, terrific, wonderful) work in a similar way. twas Interesting to v it the castle. The ca was Interesting (0 vi However, not all alternatives work in the same context. twas wonderful to sce you. Yeu-were-wanderlulto-see: © adjective + of + person + to-infinitive 00d, great, interesting, lovely, nice, wonderful It was good of you to see me. (= thanks for seeing me) twas nice of you to think of me. (= thanks for thinking of me) Compare: it vi3s good to see you. (=! enjoyed it) adjective + that-clause or + to-infinitive © afraid, angry, annoyed, ashamed, astonished, certain, disappointed, glad, happy, pleased, shocked, sorry, sure, surprised, unhappy, upset, worried In an infinitive construction the subjects of both clauses are the same. We were afraid to go back to the house. { was pleased to see him again, © Ina that-clause, the subjects of the clauses can be different. 1 wos afraid that the bus was going to crash 'm astonished that you haven't won the p’ Note that it is possible to leave out that. | wos afrald the bus wos going t0 crash. © A past infinitive may be possible. | was disappointed not to have won adjective + that-clause o VER, Os So) PLEASE ORDER FULL VERSION & & © aware, its clear, confident, hopeful, it's obvious, | wasn’t aware that the rules had been changed. 1's clear that something has gone wrong. Note that it Is possible to leave out that. © fee! + awful, bad, good, guilty, terrible 1 felt guilty that the others had been punished. | felt good that J had been proved right. erint-arin®adjective + that-clause with should ‘© Used In more formal speech and writing, and common in it sentences. it’s absurd, it’s advisable, its alarming, I’m angry, I'm anxious, I'm ashamed, it’s awful, 'm content. I'm determined, '™m cager, it’s essential, i's fortunate, its funny, I'm keen, its natural. i's unnecessary, it's dd, it's right, it's sad, it's sily I'm sorry it's strange. it's unusual, its unfoic its vital ete 1's odd that you should say that! ! wos just thinking the same thing. {Im angry that they should take that approach t0 this We are keen that he should take up this post immediate © Past simple is also possible. twas odd that he should have forgot © These phrases can also be used informally without should. ‘'m angry that they are taking that approach ro this issue. ic was odd that he forgot. adjective +-ing # We can use busy, no good, (not) worth + ing. We can use fee! + awful, bad, good, guilty, terrible + ing. ‘Martin is busy cooking the dinner. It’s not worth seeing th ee! terrible leaving you alone lke that. adjective + to-infinitive or -ing © common in it-sentences alarming, absurd, awlul, cheap, dangerous, easy, *foolish, goud, great, hard, hopeless, lovely, nice, pleasant, puintless, *rude, *sad, safe, *silly, strange, *stupid, “unwise, useful, useless, wise, “wrong Niwas pointless to do that /doing tliat. I's better lv go uw. ewes sau to hear / hearing your bad sews. Ik was lovely (0 see / seeing you. © Those marked * can also be used with a person, with @ (o-infinitive. 3 foolish to give up his job. In sad to say / ayre You were wrong to say thal, She’ silly to spend su @ For its easy /hard see above, adjective + to-infinitive (it) makes me + adjective © (it +) make + person + adjective + to-infinitive Use to describe how something makes us feel, with adjectives describing feelings: angry, ashamed, aware, embarrassed, furious, glad, happy, miserable, nervous, sad, tired, uncomfortable, unhappy etc. We can also use it makes me fee! + adjective + to-infinitive, This news makes me feel embarrassed to be 3 Knnwing that yous lave me makes me glad to be alve! Irmakes me sad to knaw that yew feel you way you da Beene ne ccear © We can turn the it-infinitive into an ing-form and use it as the subject. Knowing that you feel you way you do makes me sad © Informally we can also use it makes me + adjective + -ing, especially with sad, hapa Iumakes me sad knowing that you fee! you way you do. be, seem, appear, look © Seem look, appear can also be used instead of be in the constructions abs ORDER FULLUnderline the correct form. a Sorry, Init I'm unable a help / helping you b It made me really angry to find out / finding out I'd been cheated. © Vthink it’s better to leave / leaving early. ff sorry, but it wasn't clear that you wanted /to want the projects finished today. © Is hard for some people understanding / to understand maths. £ It makes me angry to see / see so many people wasting their time. 9 Molen is busy getting /to get things ready tor her party h You are free to so / xoing whenever you want, 1 This buok about astrophysics is impossible fo mnderstand / understanding. J Las surprised that {found out /to find out what happened at the end of the film. Write a new sentence with the same meaning, containing should. 2 You are here at the same timel How odd H's odd that you Should be here at the Same. time, b Why talk to me like that! tt makes me angry! © Maria has won tirst prize. And that’s right. @ We have to work until 10.30! That's unfair! € No repetition of today’s unfortunate events! I’m determined ahout that {There's no securily at all in the building! That's alarming! The employees feel badly treated, That’s only natural. b You have the same initials as me! That's strange! Complete the sentences about sport training by writing one word in cach gap. The first letter of the word is written for you. 2 Wt’so, byious, that if you have a serious sporting ambition, you shou training in a serious manner, b Wse that you should follow a regular tralning pr 40 R. and then miss Qa NO wecks No mming ete) PLEASE © Ws really p to train a lot one wee d tsb to work an another area of fitness (eg gyi than do no training at all © You should also be a Uhat diet sud rest ae ing £ Too much training can m you feel exhausted MM uamoQ RIDER FULL g Wsalsoi to get nutritional advice from an o@ h Most athletes are ¢ not to train without proper Mingye-up WERSION = & i In some sports it is i to improve your perform Tput visual recording & and feedback from a coach. Se rint-arwe j sy that you should refer any injuries to a sports4. Write a new sentence with the same meaning containing the word in capitals a Vd put on plenty of sun-creamn before you yo out, if Lwere you. BEST 14's best 40 put on plenty of sun-eream before. you go out. Your bad news upset me very much, SORRY I find this bad weather depressing, MISERABLE Something will have to be done, obviously. opvious Revising for exams takes up all my time at the moment. BUSY I eally enjoyed meeting David Bowie, WONDERFUL Twas unhappy that I had to tie to her, TERRIBLE intend to make sure this doesn’t happen a DETERMINED Thanks for giving we a lift Goop 5 Complete the text with a word from the list in each gap. aware beable clear hopeful impossible possible surprised unusual unwilling unwise Science news ‘Sclentists carrying out research in SWAfgS in Sumatra have discovered the world's smallest fish. The female fs only 7.9 mm. It was thought to be a .itmpoSsible. that any ilving organism should survive in the swamps, as the wat ‘extremely BiG It is also very tow in animals and this is thought to explain why it is b for larger species to develon, Researchers exaining SGU frm Une Antarctic have boen € foie Wnt lier ore org kes and vers beneath the ISB 1's d that Antarctic ce s moving much faser han we supposed; sald Professor Susan Graham from the Antarctic Survey. She was € to say whether this would mean a more rapid ris in sea levels due to IAD ices to predict at this tage exactly what ty but it makes us g hat Antarctic ice could be melting faster than we had thou Scientists at NASA believe that they may h wsi to monitor the build up of eneray in the Earth's GBH, and s Information can be internreted by computer proarams whlch will give approxny SCRA c La Write five example sentences based on each of these patterns, 1 'm + adjective + that clause 2 It makes me + adjective + to ..4 Need more practice? Go to the Review on page 208,