Power Required for Level, Unaccelerated Flight

2.1
V TR
(power required: PR )

PR TR V (2.1)

(1.3)

W
PR TR V V (2.2)
CL / CD

L W 12 V 2 S C L (2.2)

W 2W
PR
CL / CD S CL

2W 3 C D2 1
PR (2.3)
S C L3 3/ 2
C / CD
L

note
CL / CD C L3 / 2 / C D

TR D

C L2
PR TR V DV 1
V 2 S C D 0 V
2
e AR
C L2
PR 1
V 2 S C D 0 V 12 V 2 S V (2.4)
2
e AR
1 parasite power required 2 induced power required
 1.2
3000 m ( 0.9 kg/m3)

14000

power required for level flight at 3 km (N*m/s)

12000

10000

8000

6000

4000

2000

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
flight speed (m/s)

2.1 3000 m

2.2 (Thrust and power available)

2.2

Engine-Propeller Combination
power available (Pa)
thrust available (Ta)

flight speed (V) flight speed (V)

2.2
 Jet Engine

power available (Pa)

thrust available (Ta)

flight speed (V) flight speed (V)

2.3

2.3
V0
PR 0 (1.4) (2.3)
2W
V0 (2.6)
0 S CL
2W 3 C D2
PR 0 (2.7)
0 S C L3
Valt PR alt
2W
Valt (2.8)
S CL
2W 3 C D2
PR alt (2.9)
S C L3

1/ 2

Valt V0 0 (2.10)

1/ 2

PR alt PR 0 0 (2.11)


2.1
2.2 2.1
2.3
2.4
2.4.1 (L/D)max h

2.4.2

2.1

(2.4)

(W / 12 V 2 S ) 2
PR 1
V 3 S C D 0 12 V 3 S
2
e AR

d PR / d V 0

d PR W 2 / 12 V 2 S
3
V 2 S CD 0
dV 2
e AR
3
2 V 2 S (C D 0 13 C D i ) 0 , C D i C L2 / e AR

W
V2 (2.6)
1
2
S 3 C D 0 e AR

CD 0 1
3
CD i (2.5)

2.2 2.1

PR / V ( TR )

14000
power required for level flight at 3 km (N*m/s)

12000

10000

8000

6000

slope = PR / V
4000

2000 minimum slope

V(TR ) m in
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
flight speed (m/s)

2.3

2
( VR ) ( V A ) ( V )


V A ( V R )

VR r

V VA


2.4
2.4.1 (L/D)max h

L
D

flight
W path
h

D W sin
L W cos

sin D

cos L
1
tan
L/D
h R
R D

h L
R h ( L / D)

Rmax h ( L / D) max

2.4.2

1
Rmax h ( L / D) max

- ( L / D ) max
- h