egeme Feileunnaall University of Mines and Technology (UMaT), Tarkwa MC 377 Mechanics of Machines Quizt “ 0 V hour 9,81 ms° for the acceleration due to gravity. September, 2 “Answer all questions, Use a vaive of g Amower questions £ to 5, by responding either true (T) oF false (F) against the statements. 1. in reciprocating engines it is possiblé to have the length ofthe connestng rod being the same as the crank radius. 2. tn reciprocating eigines when the erankis atthe inner dead centr, the erank angle 0 iszero. 7 3, In reciprocating engines when the crank is at the-inner ‘dad vente; the net force on the piston is twice the thrust in the connecting 104: 4. In geared systems) rotation of the input and output shafis is always in opposite directions. T 5. In geared systems the ratio of angular velcity of the input and output shafts must be ‘resume as the ratio of the rate of change of their angular velocities, ~F+ “Answer questions 6 to 10, by circling the correct options. = 6 in the slider crank mechanism the angular velocity of the connecting rod in terms of the crank angle (), the angular velocity ofthe erank («) and the factor miss veos® in i ome ef oS @ 4, Which ofthe following statements is not true ofa gear ratio between (wo gears A and BB, where the symbols have their usual meanine? fay ms (a) Caor os Osx (0) Alllof the above @ None of the above8. Ina reciprocating engine at inner dead centre the difference of pressure on the nwo sides of the piston = 16 bar, area of piston = 100 cm’, mass of piston I kg, crank radius = 10 em. The engine nuns at 400 rad/sec. What will be the rotative force on the crank? @0n (b) 16000N (© 8000N (d) 4000. 98:10 The crank radius and the connecting rod length of a reciprocating engine are 20 em and 100) em respectively. If the engine runs at 360 revimin, answer questions 9 and 10. 9.° The erank angle when the piston attains its maximum velocity is? Os & Bx © 379° (@) 39.8 40. The velocity of the piston at the instant considered is? (a) 12.67 m/s (0) 6.87 nv (©) 7.16 mis @& 7.68 mis Answer questions 11 to 15, by completing the sentences; that is by providing the mis: words. i LL. In the analysis of the slider crank mechanism, kinematics of the slider will invalve the and _ gues determination of _clujivepett whey of the slider. 12, In vertical-engines, on the upward stroke the inertia force due to reciprocating masses the force on the piston, but on the downward stroke it the force on the piston. 13. In geared systems if there is to be no angular acceleration of the system then the i, on the system must be zero. 14, In geared systems the direction of a holding torque which will prevent the system from rotating depends on the _seaSeu) and veg ntiee. of the input and output torques 15, In hoisting systems the moments of inertia of the various gears may be reduced to fi shaft or sleet moment of inertia on the 1. shaft Page 2 of 2oD Answer questions 1 to 5, by responding either tru statements. 7 @ U sity of Mi and Technol ‘UMaT), Tark Iniversity of Mines and Technology (UMaT), Tarkwa 20) MC 377 Mechanics of Machines I Quiz October, 2011 Uhour Answer all questions. Use a value of g= 9.81 ms? for the acceleration due to gravity: (T) or false (F) against the 1. In the study of kinematies of a slider crank mechagfism, it is always taken that the crank rotates with uniform angular velocity. T \_/ 2. Inreeiprocating engines, the net load on the crank pin isthe foad on the gudgeon pin 3. Inreciprocating engines, the net engine force is exerted along the axis of the eytndey 4. In geared systems, if there is to be no} angular acceleration of the system then the torque on the system must be zero. Tf ~ / 5. In geared systems the ratio of angular velocity of the input and output ott must be the same as the rato ofthe rate of change oftheir angular velocities. “[_} Answer questions 6 to 10, by cireling the correct options. 66. In reciprocating vertical engines the inertia force due to reciprocating masses help the piston effort during? wi (a) Induction stroke (b) Power stroke (Q. allofthe above (one of the above 7. In reciprocating vertical engines when the crank is atthe inner dead centre, the torque ‘on the crank shaft is equal (0? (a). The faye on the connecting rod (©) The/net torque on the piston @ Note of the above »re Fe: cad | ms ‘Questions 810! 6% 4 In a reciprocating engine at inner dead centre the difference of pressure on the two sides of the piston = 10 bas, area of piston = 100 em’, mass of piston 1 kg, crank radius = 10 cm and the connecting rod length = 40 cm, ‘The engine runs at 100 radisee, Use the information « answer questions 8 (0 10. 8 Whats the roative force onthe crank? @gn () 250N (©) 1000N @ 8750N 9. What is the piston effort or the axial force on the piston? g (@ ON (b) 250N (e) 1000N @ prson 710. The thmustin the connecting ro is? |U (a) ON (6) 250N (©) 1000N @ Won Answer questions 11 to 15, by completing the sentences; that is by providing the missing words, 11, In regiprocating “gAaines, the net force’ fon the piston is the force duc to erga ir i Geel. 7 KEVF _ on the piston 12, In reciprocating engines the force acting along the connecting “ is resolved expen diculax fto the erank (tangential force); and __jacq «Al le | to the crank (radially inward force). 13, In gear systems, the output Gea¥EGSHVE torque is always in opposite direction to the output civiix ye velo aw 14. In hoisting systems, the torque obtained as referred/to the input shaft or the output shaft is the torque required for the _ Gece xy. 2. of the gdars and for j overcoming the extemal _¢% __ torques. | 15, In hoisting systems the momenls of inet of the various gears may fe reduced 0 HUGE OY moment of inertia on the__ tobe shaft or eee shal. Page 2 of 2ARRAS University of Mines and Technology (UMaT}, Tarkwa MC 377 Mechanics of Macitines U1 Lf Quiz it Getober, 2010 T hour Answer all questions. Use a value of g= 9.81 ms” forthe acceieration due to gravity. Answer questions 1 to 5, by res ponding either tree (T) or false (F) ageinst the statements, The torque on the crankshaft ofa reciprocating engine depends on the postion ofthe ‘rank and the pressure in the cylinder. | 2. A flywheel on an engine helps the engine to maintain constant speed by red variations inthe engine speed. ing tine 3. An in-line engine may be preferred to a v ~ engi igine of the same number of eylinders beeause the in-line engine is compact in size and has a greater stiffness, F 4. Av — engine consists essential ly of two in-line engines operating on a common creakshafl. F Jn many vibration problems, the exciting forces are harman. Answer questions 6 to £0, by circling the correct options, 6. The function of a flywheel j@on an engine; (@)_t0 match input energy tothe en revolution per minute, 40) to smoothen the cyclic variations of speed of the engine 40) smoothen te cyclic variations cf energy outpot fui the engine (2) to maintain constant uniform speed ofthe engin. igine to output energy fiom the engine at constant 1 {the ratio ofthe length ofthe connecting rod to the crank radi of an increases; (8) primary unbalanced forces increase. (b) primary unbalanced forces decrease, (©). secomidary unbalanced forces increase, \(@) secondary unbalanced forces decrease, tions 8&9 Figure Q8229 shows the turning moment dia (oans gram of an engine fora cycle of operations; use it ver questions 8 and 9, a 8. The maxinun fluctuation of energy is (@) 628m ©) 3141Nn fe) 157 ; (@) 57.1 N-m Page 1 of 2enon * M200)(n) = tg) Ce) Tone? 00 He “et od) z se ! = 80)5¢ (200) E Tai + $0 Ne ws 1 (270-8 vo Bh 4 Vs Torque ¢ re i. ! as Cyne WJ 200 Wet tans Eni — L=] a. ue - 1200 t qe oN “TK, : 9 Toy Taha cs : 800} 1 2 Cet t Cons MO eam oe SS Sie 0,90 180 270 360 Crk Angle ea! eR Dame) qe, Fig, Qa9 a” 9. Ifthe moment of inertia of the ywheel is 0.1 kem? nd mean speed of the prime mover is 600 rp.m. the variation of the speed during the cycles? _, siecnavy og ual ae one (@) 123 rad/s (b). 100 rads ©, 50 radis (@) 314 radis Ie e 10. A 3-spring mass system has two springs of stitfness 25 Nm and 15 Nim in parallel and combined in series with the third spring of stiffness 10 Nim. What isthe overal! BS equivalent stiffness ofthe system? 33 te () 194Nim (6) 1S.0Nim ——(@)- 8ONm (@ 53Nim ANT os 7 quESISHS I TO 13; Uy CoRspletg te senencess tuatis by providing the missing 11. The speed of flywheel on an engine increases during peiod of _@xcesS torque during a cycle and falls during the period of _'f lesS _ torque, 12. The coefficient of Muctuation of energy is the o_o the maxiaum __ of _eneegy during a cycle tothe aye ‘done during the eyele, 18. InmuliceylindeFin-tine engines two oF more _ CRAKS are arranged on a Game ___ crankshaft and the pistons reciprocate slong —pacll _ Fines in a plate containing the crankshaft ‘5 Vibration in reciprocating engines isasa sult of unbulanced _ gar. and unacceptable _ #17 ag i ae . 1S, In two degrees of freedom systems the two motions are in general not sinusoidal and the system will move with harmonic motion only if the masses are in one of theEtoexpe- Sere Adjes " Layesto} (ap University of Mines and Technology (UMaT), Tarkwa |“ —> 0 — MC 377 Mechanics of Machines IT QUIZ 11 ‘November, 2011 Vhour ‘Answer all questions. Use a value of g = 9.81 ms for the acceleration due to gravity. "Answer questions 1 to 5, by responding either true (T) or false (F) against the statements. 1. In multi-cylinder engipies the pistons reciprocate along parallel lines in a plane containing, the crank shaft. “Y 2. Ina fourstoke, six-cylinder engine the interval between the cranks is normally 120°. @ i 3. Indtine engines/are stiffer and more compacy than V-engines of the same number of 0 cylinders. | 4. The difference between the maximum and/minimum speeds during a eycle is known as G the coetficient of fluctuation of specd. ‘The arca under the mean torque line of an engine is the tta amount of work required to overcome the resisting moments during (revolution. Answer questions 6 to 10, by cireling the correct options. 6. Ifthe ratifofthe length of the connecting rod to crank radius of an engine increases; fondary unbalanced forces increase. ondary unbalanced forces decrease. ‘Question 78:8 ‘When the torque in (Nm) is plotted against erank angle in radians) fora two-stroke one-cylinder engine, the areas under the turning moment diagram obtained in order are as follows: + 52,—70, +140, ~ 45 Ifthe mean torque is 77 N-m, Use the information to answer 77. What is the maximum fluctuation of energy of the efgine? (@) 70Nm (®) 95 Nm (@) J40N-m @ 199m 8. Whats the coefficient of fluctuation of energy? (@) 0.145 () 0.196 © 0289 (ox Page 1 of 2‘Question 98:10 ‘The total mass and radius of gyration of a flywheel and crankshaft of an engine are 25 kg and | 1.2 m respectively. The engine operates between speeds 100 rpm and 120 rpm, and starting tonque of 150 N-m, Use the informatjon to answer questions 9 and 10. 9. What is the change ! Ss @) 73.455 | O 10, Ifthe angular acceleration of the system is 20.94 rad/s?, What will be the final torque on kinetif energy of the engine during its operation? 68.75 J (©) 895.433 (@ 903.803 the engific? B.80N-m — (b) 89543N-m — (c) 868.7SN-m_—(d)_- 723.45. Nm. Answer questions 11 to 15, by completing the sentences; that is by providing the missing words. 11. Inreciprocating engines, the primary forces are duc to_\xo_AD force of the reciprocating masses whiles the secondary forces are due to 2 of the connecting rod, 12, Secondary force is a centrifugal force produced by an equivalent 22 having an equivalent radius and running at ___ the spéed of the primary foree. are arranged in such a way a 2 OL in the engine cycle is as as possible. 4, ‘the maximum and mininfum energy in a eyele is known as the 6 13, In multi-eylinder engines of energy. 15, Stresses normally iquced in a flywheel rim are tensile stresses due to Conde fvqat foes Page 2 of 2fue Se Ate Bajo -0% Univer ity of Mines and ‘Technology (UMaT), Tarkw: 6 MC 377 Mechanics of Machines II QUIZ. 11 Graed : December, 2011 hour Answer all questions, Use a value of g = 9.81 ms” for the acceleration due ta gravity. Answer questions I to 5, by responding either true (T) oF false (F) agaigst the statements. 1, When the torque produced by an engine is greater Ahan that refuired by the load the engine develerates, but when itis less the engine a oO 2. A stable governor may x(t be isochronous. “| 0 3. A govemor action only possible for the range of speeds in which the sleeve is able to l nove. Zp |. Hunting in governors may become severe if the spgéd of the close to the natural frequency of the governor. | | | fMuctuates at a rate 5. A mobile-phone vibrate system isan example of free vibration Answer questions 6 on the question paper in the space provided. Show all workings, 6. Find the vertical height of a Watt governor rotating at 65 rpm. AAlso determine the change in height corresponding to 1 rpm inerease in the speed. Can this govemor be used for high speeds? Explain, hed. QUAsES< Pm we ~ c= ETE Ia(GSV = G-Sotred (Ss 62 € Le S, Weeetly a ee NS Sil ee By Saary = Qn) = OF Deed 60 & h= 4 298 WVSb- oe oe he3, = a8] : yy lo SpyBRS hb Ad pro — 2-298 = o- off 0 pewee The Watt Gotemec Gast foe Wel Me Suen ok Xs Jeceds Loos As Speec is ned teak “bethe. WEARS q Katt: Thriefee teataus Wale speed ye + a Rare ne . a EES coda GtEn Ia { Q Ayo veel Weight aftects The metihe ca Meo See ted rer thes he as INR Answer questions 7 to L1, by completing the sentences; that is by providing the/missing words. 7. Vibration in reciprocating engines is A a result of unbalayced and unacceptable {« 8 ‘The action of all mechanjéal governors is, fotott speed of rotation, sed on the inertia forces that are set up by when there is an alteration in the 9. The function of 9 flywheel and a governor is to speed within prescribed limits. 10. The power of a governor is defined as the work done by the fora given percentage change of Speech aN will move with harmonic motion only if the masses are_ SCout one of the__ ocean modes. Page 2 of 2Mechanics of Machine II Questions A rope lifting a load of 240 kg is wound round a 1.2-m diameter drum. The drum mass is 40 kg and its radius of gyration is 520 mm, The bearing friction torque on the drum shaft is 80 Nm. The drum is driven by an electric motor through a two-stage reduction wear, The rotating parts of the intermediate shaft have a moment of inertia of 3 kg m2 and experience a frictional torque of 25 Nm. The intermediate shaft runs four times the drum speed. The rotating parts of the motor have a moment of inertia of 0.6 kg m2, and a fictional torque oF 4 Nm. The motor exerts a torque of 70 Nm. Find: (a) The gear ratio between the motor and the intermediate shalt for maximum acceleration of the load, and (b) This acceleration. he tuming moment diagram for a petrol engine is drawn to the following scales: Turing moment | mm = 5 Nm; crank angle | mm = 1°. The turning moment diagram, repeats itself at every half-revolution of the, engine and the areas above and below the mean turning moment line, taken in order, are 295, 685, 40, 340, 960, 270 mm”. ‘The rotating parts are equivalent to a mass of 36 kg at a radius of gyration of 150 mm Determine the coefficient of fluctuation of speed when the engine runs at 1800 rev/min The variation of crankshaft torque of a 4 — eylinder petrol engine may be approximately represented by taking the torgue as zero for crank angles of 0° and 180° and as 260 Nm for crank angles 20° and 45°. the intermediate portions of the torgue graph being straight lines. The eycle is repeated every haif ~ revolution. ‘The average speed is 600 rev/min. Supposing that the engine drives a machine requiring a constant torque. find the mass of the flywheel, of radius of gyration 250 mm, which must be fitted in order that total variation of speed shall be 1 per cent. A porter governor has 300 mm arms and the rotating balls each have a mass of 1.8 kg. At the mean speed of 120 rev/min, the arms make 30° to the vertical, Determine the central dead load and the sensitivity of the governor ifthe sleeve moves +25 mm, in a Hartnell governor the length of the ball arm is190 mm, that of the sleeve arm is 140 mm_and the mass of the ball 2.7 ky. The distance ofthe pivot of each bell erank fever m the axis of rotation is 170 mm, and the speed, when the ball arm is vertical, is 300 rev/min. The speed is to inerease (1,6% for a lilt of 12 mm of the sleeve, (a) Neglecting the load on the sleeve. find the necessary stiffness of the spring and the required initial compression, (b) What spring stiffness and initial compression would be required ifthe speed is to remain the same for the changed position of the sleeve (i.e. the wvernor is to be isochronous).