vRrykd+q ejZkrkfu Q+belkdqe fcev+#fQ+u vkSrLjhgqe fcbg+lku0

rhu rykd+
dk
kjbZ g+y
d+qjku o vg+knhl dh jkskuh esa
,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+sa g+jke gSa
,d oD+r esa rhu rykd+sa nsus ij
,d gh okd+Sv+ gksrh gS
eqv+fYyQ+
Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh
09897626182
 vRrykd+q ejZkrkfu Q+bElkdqe fcev+#fQ+u vkSrLjhgqe fcbg+lku0

rhu rykd+
dk
kjbZ g+y
d+qjku o vg+knhl dh jkskuh esa
,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+sa g+jke gSa
kymvgrfd

,d oD+r esa rhu rykd+sa nsus ij

,d gh okd+Sv+ gksrh gS
eqv+fYyQ+
Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh
09897626182
 c tqeyk gqd+wd+ ukfkj ds fy;s eg+Qwt+ gSa

uke fdrkc& rhu rykd+ dk kjbZ g+y

eqv+fYyQ+& Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh

ut+js lkuh& gkfQt+ o d+kjh tukc odhymn~nhu lkgc

lus bkkv+r& flrEcj&2017 eqgjZeqy g+jke&1439 fg0

dEiksft+ax& eq0 t+quSn & eq0 tS+uqy vkcnhu

d+her& 50 :i;s

&% feyus ds irs %&

enkj cqd fMiks tkosn cqd lsyj

eduiqj dkuiqj djgy eSuiqjh
09695661767 09634447000

vuokj mnwZ cqd fMiks mnZw cqd gkml

fclkr [kkuk eSuiqjh rykd egy dkuiqj
09319086703 09389837386]09559032415
u0
Q+sgfjLr et+kehu
kqekj LkQ++g+k
01& g+Enks luk -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 01
02& rEghn --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 02
03& rykd+ dh vd+lke -------------------------------------------------------- 05
04& rykd+ dh eq[+rfyQ+ lwjrsa ------------------------------------------ 07
05& rykd+ uk ilanhnk Q+sv+y gS -------------------------------------- 09
06& ,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+sa ------------------------------------- 09
07& rhu rykd+ dk kjbZ g+y -------------------------------------------- 12
08& d+qjku esa rykd+ dk gqDe --------------------------------------------- 22
09& nks rykd+ dk lccs uqt+wy ------------------------------------------- 27
10& rhu bdV~Bh rykdsa nsus ij ,d gh
okdS+v+ gksrh gS d+qjku dh jkskuh esa ----------------------- 28
11& rhu bdV~Bh rykd+sa nsus ij ,d gh
okdS+v+ gksrh gS vg+knhl dh jkskuh esa ------------------ 33
12& g+ykyk kjbZ --------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
13& cx+Sj g+ykyk igys kkSgj
ls fudkg+ tkbt+ ugha -------------------------------------------------- 51
14& rykd+ lqUur d+qjku dh jkskuh esa ------------------------- 51
15& rykd+ lqUur vg+knhl dh jkskuh esa --------------------- 52
16& rykd+ o jqtwv+ ij xokg cukuk -------------------------------- 56
17& v+kSjr dks rykd+ dk bf[+r;kj nsuk -------------------------- 57
18& rykd+ dgykdj Hkstus ls rykd+ okd+Sv+ ---------------- 58
19& glh et+kd+ esa rykd+] fudkg+
o jtv+r dk c;ku ----------------------------------------------------- 58
20& oD+r eqd+jZjk ;k fdlh vEj ds
ckbl rykd+ dk c;ku ----------------------------------------------- 58
21& uks esa eqfCryk k[+l dh rykd+ -------------------------------- 59
22& tcjnLrh ;k Hkwydj rykd+
nsus dk c;ku ----------------------------------------------------------------- 60
u0
kqekj LkQ+g+k
23& okfyn ds gq+De ij csVs dks pkfg;s
fd choh dks rykd+ ns ns ------------------------------------- 61
24& ikx+y ukckfyx+ o lksus okys dh
rykd+ dk c;ku ----------------------------------------------------- 62
25& vxj enZ rykd+ dk bUdkjh gks -------------------------- 63
26& rw vius ?kj okyksa esa tkdj jg
dgus ls rykd+ okd+Sv+ ugha gksrh ------------------------ 63
27& v+kSjr dks vius ij g+jke djuk ---------------------- 64
28& Q++L[ks+ fudkg+ ------------------------------------------------------------- 65
29& [k+qyv+ -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
30& ykv+u -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 72
31& bZyk ------------------------------------------------------------------------------73
32& ft+gkj -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 75
33& eqrYyd+k en[k+wyk dh b+n~nr -------------------------------77
34& eqrYyd+k x+Sj en[k++wyk dh b++n~nr ----------------------- 80
35& eqrYyd+k viuh b+n~nr dgk Xqt+kjs--------------------- 80
36& csok dh b+n~nr dk c;ku -------------------------------------- 83
37& csok b+n~nr dgk Xkqt+kjs ------------------------------------------ 85
38& b+n~nr g+keyk ------------------------------------------------------------ 89
39& vb;kes b+n~nr v+kSjr fdu
mewj ls btfrukc djs ------------------------------------------ 90
40& csok o eqrYyd+k nkSjkus b+n~nr t+:jr
ds fy;s edku ls fudy ldrh gS ------------------- 91
41& eqrYyd+k dk uku o uQ+d+k --------------------------------- 93
42& csok v+kSjr dk uku o uQ+d+k ------------------------------- 96
43& g+keyk v+kSjr dk uku o uQ+d+k -------------------------- 97
44& csok g+keyk v+kSjr dk uku o uQ+d+k ----------------- 98
45& eqrYyd+k dk NksVk cPpk fdlds ikl jgs ------- 99
 1

&% g+Enks luk %&

vYg+Enq fyYykfg jfCcy v+kyehu oLlykrq oLlykeq v+yk
lb;fny eqjlyhu vEek ckv+n Q+vktw fcYykfg feu''kSrk&
fujZthe fcLfeYykfgjZ jg+ekfujZjg+he0

reke rkjhQ+sa vYykg rv+kyk ds fy;s gh lt+kokj gSa

ftlus reke dk;ukr dh r[k+y+hd+ dh tks eqnksZa dh ft+Unksa ls
vkSj ft+Unksa dks eqnksZa ls fudkyrk gS tks cM+k esgjcku fugk;r
dje Q+jekus okyk gS oks viuh reke flQ+kr esa vdsyk gS
d+k;ukr dh gj kS% mlds rkcSv+ vkSj d+Ct+s dqnjr esa gS oks
okfgn gS mldk dksbZ kjhd ugha d+k;ukr ds fut+ke dks pykus
okyk gj tkunkj dks fjT+d+ Q+jkge djus okyk reke [kwfc;ksa dk
ekfyd gj t+jkZ ftldk ft+ cqyUn djrk gS gj kS% dh [k+cj
j[kus okyk dksbZ pht+ mlls e[+Q+h ugha oks fnyksa dh /kM+du ls
Hkh T+;knk d+jhc gS vkSj dksbZ jkt+ ,slk ugha ftl ij oks
eqRrykv+ ugha mlds jgeks dje dh dksbZ bfUrgk ugha oks dkfQ+j
o eqkfjd dks Hkh fjT+d+ v+rk djrk gS vkSj eksfeu dks Hkh v+rk
djrk gS lcls csgrj balkQ+ djus okyk vius cUnksa dh HkykbZ
pkgus okyk FkksM+s ls usd v+ey ij jkt+h gksus okyk xqukgxkjksa
dks c[+kus okyk vius cUnksa ls eqgCcr djus okyk lcdk ekfyd
Ikkd ijojfnxkj ftldh rkjhQ+ yk eg+nwn gS

vkSj nq:nks lyke gks vYykg rv+kyk egcwc ljdkjs nks

v+kye lYyYykgq v+ySg olYye ij vkSj jg+er vkSj cjdr gks
vkSj lyke gks lb;fny eqjlyhu uch djhe lYyYykgq v+ySg
olYye dh vt+okts eqrg~jkr vkSj vgys cSr vrg~kj ij vkSj
reke vkys jlwy ij vkSj reke lwfQ+;k&,&fdjke o vkSfy;k&,
&bt+ke ij vkSj mu ij tks vYykg rv+kyk ds eqd+jZchu usd
lkfyghu cUns gSaA
 2

&% rEghn %&

fcfLeYykfgjZ jg+ekfujZg+he
rRyhd+ lyklk rhu rykd+ ds elys ij yk b+Yeh
ds ckbl yksx ,slh dSfQ+;kr ls xqt+j jgs gSa ftlesa eq[+rfyQ+
eqfdykr o nqokfj;k gSa gkykfd vYykg rv+kyk us feYyrs
bLykfe;k esa vokeqUukl ds fy;s vklkuh vkSj lgwfy;rsa j[kh gSa
blds ckotwn yksx vYykg rv+kyk dh v+rk dnkZ lgwfy;rksa ls
eg+:e gSa vkSj fcnv+r o g+jke Q+sv+y ds ckbl xqukg ds
eqjrfdc gksrs gSa bldh lcls cM+h vkSj [k+kl otg voke dh
nhuh b+Ye ls cs jx+crh vkSj vgys b+Ye dk [k+klks v+ke rd
t+:fj;krs m+ywe dk u igqpkuk Hkh kkfey gS gkykfd t+:fj;krs
nhuh m+ywe dk lh[kuk gj eqlyeku ij Q+t+Z gS vkSj vgys b+Ye
ij okft+c gS fd nhuh m+ywe o elkby vius c;kukr o
f[k+rkckr o nhxj t+jk;v+ ls v+oke rd igqpk;sa rkfd yksx kjbZ
vg+dkekr ij eqRrykv+ gksa vkSj nhuh m+ywe dh tkfuc mudh
jx+cr c<+s rkfd mudh bLykg gks tk;s vkSj oks kjbZ vg+d+ke ds
eqrkfcd+ vius reke dkeksa dks vUtke nsaA

vkt gkykr ;s gSa vDlj yksx rykd++ ds vg+dke o

elkby ls d+rbZ vUtku gSa vkSj oks ;s le>rs gSa rhu rykd+ nsus
ls gh rykd+ okdS+v+ gksrh gS vkSj vxj rhu ls de rykd+ nha rks
rykd+ okdS+v+ ugha gksrh ;s ckr vDlj v+oke ds t+guks esa iq[+rxh
ds lkFk iSoLr gS vkSj Q+sv+ys rykd+ esa dljr ds lkFk jkbt gks
pqdh gS ftldh bLykg nqjLrxh djuk eqfdy rks gS exj uk
eqfEdu ugha gS gkykfd ;dckjxh rhu rykd+ nsuk fcnv+r o
g+jke vkSj Qs+v+ys xqukg vkSj dqjku o lqUur dh f[k+ykQ+ ot+hZ gS
ysfdu vDlj yksx ;s le>rs gSa fd ,d oD+r esa ,d rykd+ nsuk
dksbZ ek;us ugha j[krk tc rd fd rhu bdV~Bh rykd+s u nh
tk;sa vkSj yksx ,d etkfyl dh rhu rykd+ksa dks tkbt+ le>rs
vkSj mlh ij v+ey djrs vkSj xqukgxkj gksrs gSaA
 3

tcfd g+d+hd+r blds cjv+Dl gS fd ,d oD+r esa rhu rykd+

nsuk xks;k vYykg rv+kyk dh ukQ+jekuh vkSj gqtwj lYy0 ds
gqDe dh f[k+ykQ+ ot+hZ gS g+kykr dSls Hkh gksa ,d oD+r esa g+kyrs
rqgj esa tcfd ml rqgj esa ftekv+ ge fcLrjh u fd;k gks rks
ml rqgj ikdh esa ,d rykd+ nsuk d+qjkuks lqUur ds eqokfQ+d+ gS
rkfd d+qjku o lqUur dh f[k+ykQ+ ot+hZ Hkh u gks vkSj g+jke
Q+sv+y ls btfrukc dh lwjr esa xqukgxkj gksus ls Hkh eg+Qwt+ jgk
tk lds vkSj ckt+ vkSd+kr g+Lcs t+:jr Q+sv+ys g+ykyk jkbtk tks
fd ,d keZukd o yv+urh Q+sv+y gS blls cpk tk ldsA

t+:fj;krs nhu ds nhxj kjbZ vg+dke ds lkFk&lkFk bl

oD+r fugk;r t+:jr bl ckr dh gS fd rykd+ ls eqrv+fYyd+
reke kjbZ vg+dke ij t+ksjks rjthg nsrs gq;s yksxksa rd igqpk;sa
rkfd yksx d+qjkuks lqUur ds eqrkfcd+ g+Lcs t+:jr rykd+ nsa vkSj
blls okcLrk kjbZ vg+dke o elkby ij v+ey iSjk gksa rkfd
rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ nsus ds lcc gksus okyh reke eqfdykr vkSj
nqokfj;ksa ls yksx futkr ikrs gq;s g+d+s jqtwv+ dk bLrseky dj
ldsa tks g+d+ vYykg rv+kyk us gesa v+rk fd;k gS vkSj viuh
choh dks jtv+r ds t+fj;s fQj ls viuh t+ksft;r esa ysdj vius
vgy o v+;ky ds lkFk viuh ft+Unxh dks vkckn o [kqkgky
dj ldsa lqUur rjhd+s ij rykd+ nsus ls ;kuh ,d oD+r esa g+kyrs
rqgj esa ftlesa ftekv+ u fd;k gks ,d rykd+ nsus dh lwjr esa
enZ dks g+d+s jqtwv+ g+kfly jgrk gS vkSj vxj enZ pkgs rks b+n~nr
rhu gS+t+ ;k g+St+ u vkus dh lwjr esa rhu eghuk ds vUnj choh
dks jtv+r ds t+fj;s viuh t+ksft;r esa ysus dk g+d+ j[krk gS
vkSj vxj b+n~nr xqt+j tk;s vkSj jqtwv+ u gks lds rc Hkh ckn
b+n~nr choh dh jt+keUnh ls tnhn u;s fudkg+ ds lkFk kkSgj
viuh choh dks viuh t+ksft;r esa ys ldrk gS vkSj bu et+dwjk
lwjr esa Q+sv+ys g+ykyk Hkh g+kby ugha gksrkA

Q+sv+ys g+ykyk ftl ij vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds jlwy

lYy0 us yv+ur Q+jekbZ ftldks lgkck ft+uk kqekj djrs
Fks g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 Q+jekrs vxj esjs ikl g+ykyk djus okyk
 4

vkSj ftlds fy;s g+ykyk fd;k tk;s mu nksuksa dks yk;k tk;s
rks eSa mu nksuksa dks jTe d: ;kuh laxlkj djuk] iRFkj ekj
dj gykd djuk ,d g+nhl esa vYykg ds jlwy lYy0 us
g+ykyk djus okys dks m/kkj ds lkM ls rkchj Q+jek;k rks oks
fdl fd+Le dk g+ykyk gS ftlds eqrv+fYyd+ vYykg o jlwy us
yv+ur Q+jekbZ vkSj lgkck us ftls ft+uk kqekj fd;k vkSj
bldh et+Eer dh xbZ rks ,sls g+ykys ds eqrv+fYyd+ geus vkxs
lQ+kr ij eqLrun nykby ds lkFk ckcs g+ykyk jd+e fd;k gS
et+hn rykd+ ls okcLrk vg+dke o elkby vkSj rhu bdV~Bh
rykd+ nsus ij ,d gh okd+Sv+ gksrh gS bl elys ij dqjku o
vg+knhl dh jkskuh esa rQ+lhyh cgl jd+e dh gS vYykg
rv+kyk ge reke eqlyekuksa dks vius egcwc uch djhe lYy0
ds lnd+s vkSj rqQ+Sy dqjku o lqUur ij v+ey iSjk gksus dh
rkSQ+hd+ ejg+Er Q+jek;sA vkehu

uksV& bl fdrkc dh rckv+r esa vxj dksbZ y+t+h x+yrh gks rks
cjk,s dje eqRrykv+ Q+jek;saA

Mk0 vkt+e csx d+knjh

Mob-09897626182
 5

&% rykd+ dh vd+lke %&

1&rykd+ jtb+Z %&rykd+ jtbZ oks rykd+ gS ftlesa nkSjkus b+n~nr
[k+kfoUn jqtwv+ dj ldrk gS [k+kfoUn viuh choh dks ,sls vb;ke
esa rykd+ ns ftlesa eqckkjr ge fcLrjh u dh gks vkSj oks
gkyrs rqgj ikdh esa gks ;kuh g+St+ ls ikd gksus ds ckn ds
vb;ke esa flQ+Z ,d rykd+ ns ;s rjhd+k d+qjku o lqUur ds
eqokfQ+d+ gS bl ,d rykd+ ds ckn [k+kfoUn b+n~nr rhu gS+t+ ;k
rhu eghus ds vUnj cx+Sj fdlh krZ o cx+Sj choh dh jt+keUnh
ds Hkh viuh choh ls jqtwv+ dj ldrk gS rykd+ jtbZ xks;k ,d
eqv+Yyd+ rykd+ gS b+n~nr ds nkSjku mls okil fy;k tk ldrk
gS ysfdu ckn b+n~nr ;gh rykd+ ckbu gks tkrh gS fQj v+kSjr
dh jt+keUnh ls tnhn fudkg+ o egj ls nksckjk vius [k+kfoUn
dh t+ksft;r esa vk ldrh gS ;gk ,d ckr le>uk t+:jh gS fd
vxj g+kyrs g+St+ esa ,d rykd+ nh rks oks rykd+ jtbZ okd+Sv+
gksxh gkykfd g+kyrs g+St+ esa rykd+ nsus dh eqekfu;r gSA

2&rykd+ ckbu%&rykd+ ckbu oks rykd+ gS ftlesa [k+kfoUn jqtwv+

ugha dj ldrk vyCcrk b+n~nr ds nkSjku ;k ckn b+n~nr choh
dh jt+keUnh ls nksckjk fudkg+ dj ldrk gS elyu fudkg+ ds
ckn jq[k+lrh ls igys ;k [k+Yors lg+hg+k eqckkjr ls igys ,d
rykd+ ns ;k choh dh rjQ+ ls ekyh eqv+kot+k ysdj mls rykd+
ns ;kuh [k+qyv+ ;k rykd+ jtbZ ds ckn b+n~nr xqt+j tk;s rks
bu lc lwjrksa esa rykd+ ckbu ckd+Sv+ gks tkrh gS Q+L[k+s fudkg+
Hkh rykd+ ckbu ds gqDe esa gSA

3&rykd+ eqx+fYyt+k cRrk%& rykd+ eqx+fYyt+k oks rykd+ gS

ftlesa u jqtwv+ gks ldrk gS u nksckjk fudkg+ tkbt+ gS xks;k ;s
rykd+ fe;k choh ds njfe;ku d+rbZ rQ+jhd+ dk ckbl cu tkrh
gS ,slh eqrYyd+k rykd+ ikbZ gqbZ v+kSjr fdlh lwjr esa vius
kkSgj dh t+ksft;r esa nkf[k+y ugha gks ldrh tc rd g+ykyk
kjbZ ls u xqt+j tk;s ;kuh fQj oks eqrYyd+k v+kSjr fdlh
 6

nwljs k[+l ds lkFk ft+Unxh xqt+kjus o vkckn jgus dh fu;r ls

fudkg+ djs fQj mlls eqckkjr Hkh okd+Sv+ gks fQj bRrQ+kd+u
fdlh otg ls ;k ckge fuckg u gksus ds lcc rykd+ gks tk;s
;k mlds kkSgj dh oQ+kr gks tk;s rks bl lwjr esa v+kSjr vius
igys [k+kfoUn ls fudkg+ dj ldrh gS vkSj vxj fudkg+ esa fu;r
;s gks fd nwljs k[+l ls fudkg+ fQj eqckkjr ds ckn ;kuh
g+ykyk dh krZ dks iwjk djus ds ckn oks igys kkSgj ds fy;s
g+yky gks tk;sxh ;kuh fQj nwljs kkSgj ds rykd+ nsus ds ckn
fQj oks igys kkSgj ls fudkg+ djds mldh t+ksft;r esa nkf[k+y
gks tk;sxh rks ,slh fu;r ls fudkg+ djuk uktkbt+ vkSj ,slk
fudkg+ ckfry gS vkSj ,slk g+ykyk d+kfcys et+Eer o yv+ur o
rkt+hj dk eqLrfg+d+ gS
 7

&% rykd+ dh eq[+rfyQ+ lwjrsa %&

1&rykd+ vglu%&[k+kfoUn viuh choh dks g+kyrs rqgj esa ftleas
ftekv+ ge fcLrjh u fd;k gks ,d rykd+ ns fQj mls NksM+ ns
g+Rrk fd mldh b+n~nr eqd+Eey gks tk;s ;k b+n~nr xqt+jus ls
igys jqtwv+ dj ysA

2&rykd+ glu%& ,sls rqgj esa rykd+ ns ftlesa ftekv+ u fd;k

gks fQj nwljs rqgj esa nwljh rykd+ ns vkSj fQj rhljs rqgj esa
rhljh rykd+ nsA

3&rykd+ fcnv+r%& ,d gh y+t+ ;k ,d gh tqeys esa

eqrv+n~nr pUn] cgqr] dbZ rykds+sa ns ;k eq[+rfyQ+ tqeys
bfLreky djds eqrv+n~nr rykds+a ns ;k ,sls rqgj esa rykd+ ns
ftlesa eqckkjr dh gks ;k g+kyrs g+St+ ;k fuQ+kl esa rykd+ ns ;k
rhu rykds+a ,d gh rqgj esa vyx&vyx oD+rksa esa nsA

4&rykd+ jtbZ%& igyh ejrck vkSj nwljh ejrck rykd+ jtbZ

gksrh gS ;kuh muesa nkSjkus b+n~nr [k+kfoUn dks jqtwv+ djus dk
g+d+ g+kfly jgrk gSA

5&rykd+ ckbu%& A lqx+jk %& ;kuh ,d rykd+ nsus ds ckn

[k+keksk jgs ;gk rd fd b+n~nr iwjh gks tk;s vc v+kSjr ckbuk gks
xbZ vc oks ftlls pkgs fudkg+ dj ldrh gS vkSj igyk [k+kfoUn
Hkh mldh jt+keUnh o btkt+r ls fudkg+ dj ldrk gS bl lwjr
esa fudkg+ b+n~nr ds ckn u;s v+D+n o u;s egj ls gks ldrk gSA

B dqcjk%& eq[+rfyQ+ v+kSd+kr esa ;k eqrQ+fjZd+ etfyl esa ;kuh

vyx&vyx oD+rksa esa rhu rykd+sa iwjh dj ns g+Rrk fd [k+kfoUn
dks jqtwv+ dk g+d+ ckd+h u jgs ,slh lwjr esa oks v+kSjr fdlh vkSj
k[+l ls ckd+k;nk vkckn jgus dh fu;r ls fudkg+ djs fQj
bRrQ+kd+u fdlh otg ls rykd+ gks tk;s ;k [k+kfoUn dh oQ+kr
 8

gks tk;s vkSj oks v+kSjr ogk ls Q+kfjx+ gks tk;s rks igys kkSgj ls
fudkg+ dj ldrh gSA

6&rykd+ ljhg+ %& okts+g+ vkSj lkQ+ vYQ+kt+ ls rykd+ nsukA

7&rykd+ fduk;k%& ;kuh bkkjru ,sls vYQ+kt+ ls rykd+ nsuk
tks rykd+ vkSj x+Sj rykd+ nksuksa ds ek;uh ds eqgrfey gks ;kuh
,sls vYQ+kt+ ls rykd+ nsuk fd ftlesa bgfreky kd o oge
ik;k tk;s fd rykd+ nh ;k ugha nh elyu vxj dksbZ k[+l ;s
dgs fd eSaus rq>s NksM+ fn;k ;k rw vius ?kj okyksa ds lkFk
feydj jg ;k rw vius ?kj okyksa esa fey tk ;k vius ?kj pyh
tk rks ,slh lwjr esa [k+kfoUn dh fu;r dk ,srokj fd;k tk;sxk
vxj dksbZ k[+l viuh choh dks fdlh ,slh [k+krwu ls rkfc;k ns
ftlls geskk fudkg+ g+jke gS elyu vxj dgs fd rw esjs fy;s
esjh ek ;k cgu tSlh gS rks bl tqeys esa fu;r rykd+ gS rks
rykd+ ckbu okd+Sv+ gksxh vkSj vxj fu;r rykd+ ugha rks ;s
ft+gkj ds gqDe esa gS ;kuh ,d xqyke vkt+kn djus dk d+Q+kjk
vnk djuk gksxk tc rd d+Q+kjk vnk ugha djsxk rc rd
viuh choh ls eqckkjr ugha dj ldrkA

8&rykd+ eqv+Yyd+%& fdlh dkS+y o Q+sv+y ds lkFk ek:r

fdlh krZ ij ekSd+wQ+ djds rykd+ nsuk elyu vxj rw Qqyk
ds ?kj xbZ ;k rwus Qqyk dke fd;k ;k Qqyk oD+r tc vk;s rc
rq>s rykd+A

9&rykd+ cRrk%& dkV nsus okyh ;k tqnk dj nsus okyh ;kuh

rhljh rykd+A

+
 9

&% g+yky dkeksa esa lcls T+;knk ukilan

vYykg ds ut+nhd rykd+ gS %&
g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej jft+0 ls ejoh gS fd uch djhe
lYy0 us bjkkn Q+jek;k& g+yky fd;s x;s dkeksa esa vYykg
rv+kyk ds ut+nhd lcls T+;knk uk ilanhnk pht+ rykd+ gSA
bCus ektk&lquu&2@80&g0 &2018
vcw nkn&lquu& 2@663&g0 &2177
g+kfde&vyeqLrnjd&2@234&g0 &2853

&% ,d etfyl dh rhu rykdsa+ %&

;d ckjxh ;k ,d tqeys ;k eq[+rfyQ+ vYQ+kt+ksa ;k ,d etfyl
esa rhu rykds+a nsuk fcnv+r o g+jke gSa vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dh
ukQ+jekuh vkSj gqtwj lYy0 ds gqDe dh f[k+ykQ+ ot+hZ gS uch
djhe lYy0 ds t+ekuk eqckjd vkSj g+t+jr vcw c fln~nhd+
jft+0 ds nkSjs f[k++ykQ+r vkSj g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 ds nkSjs
f[k+ykQ+r ds bfCrnkbZ nks ;k rhu lky rd ,d etfyl dh rhu
rykd+ksa dks ,d gh kqekj djrs gq;s ,d dh tkfuc ykSVkrs gq;s
Q+Slyk fn;k tkrk Fkk ;kuh ,d etfyl dh bdV~Bh rhu rykd+ksa
dks ,d gh rlyhe fd;k tkrk Fkk vkSj ,d etfyl esa nh gqbZ
rhu rykd+sa ,d gh okd+Sv+ gksuk d+jkj ikrh Fkha vkSj vDlj bl
lwjr esa [k+kfoUn vkSj choh ds njfe;ku jqtwv+ gks tkrk Fkk D;ksafd
,d rykd+ jtbZ dh lwjr esa enZ dks g+d+s jqtwv+ g+kfly jgrk gS
ftlds rgr oks viuh choh ls jqtwv+ dj ysrk FkkA

gt+jr m+ej jft+0 ds bfCrnkbZ nks ;k rhu lky rd ds

nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r esa ;gh rjhd+k jkbt Fkk ;kuh ,d oD+r dh rhu
rykd+ksa dks ,d gh okd+Sv+ gksuk d+jkj nsrs gq;s QS+lyk fd;k tkrk
Fkk vycRrk gt+jr m+ej jft+0 ds nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r esa tc yksx
dljr ls ,d oD+r esa rhu rykd+sa nsus yxs ;kuh vYykg rv+kyk
 10

dh ukQ+jekuh vkSj gqtwj lYy0 ds gqDe dh f[k+ykQ+ ot+hZ djus

yxs rks vki g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 ds t+gu esa ;s ckr vkbZ fd
ftlesa vYykg rv+kyk us yksxksa ds fy;s lgwfy;r o eqgyr vkSj
vklkuh Q+jekbZ Fkh fd rhu rqgjksa esa rykd+ nsrs fd blesa jqtwv+
dh xqatkbk Fkh fd vYykg rv+kyk [k+kfoUn vkSj choh ds
njfe;ku jqtwv+ dh dksbZ lwjr iSnk dj ns exj yksxksa us dqjku
dh ukQ+jekuh dh vkSj f[k+ykQ+s lqUur ,d oD+r esa rhu bdV~Bh
rykdsa+ nsuk kq: dj fn;kA

;kuh ,d oD+r esa rhu rykds+a nsus dh tc dljr gks

xbZ rks g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 us bl elys ij btfrgkn fd;k
vkSj mUgksaus vius b+Yeh o Q+Uuh d+;kl ds ,rokj ls ;s [+;ky
fd;k fd vxj ge ,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+ksa dks rhu gh
okd+Sv+ gksus dk yksxksa ij gqDe ukfQ+t+ dj nsa rks eqfEdu gS fd
yksx dqjku o lqUur ds eqokfQ+d+ rykd+ nsuk kq: dj nsa vkSj
muds fy;s crkSj ;s rkt+hj lt+k Hkh gksxh tks yksx ;dckjxh
rhu rykd+sa nsrs gSa rks muds jqtwv+ dh lwjr lkfd+r gks tk;sxh
vkSj oks d+s jqtwv+ ls eg+:e gks tk;saxs D;ksafd tc ,d oD+r dh
rhu rykd+sa rhu gh kqekj dh tk;saxh rks t+kfgj gS [k+kfoUn o
choh ckge jqtwv+ u dj ldsaxs vkSj v+kSjr cx+Sj g+ykyk fQj ls
vius [+kkfoUn dh t+ksft;r esa nkf[k+y u gks ldsxh bl rjg dh
lwjrs gky vkSj dSfQ+;kr ls yksx Mj tk;saxs vkSj g+d+s jqtwv+
lkfd+r gksus vkSj Q+sv+ys g+ykyk g+kby gksus dh otg ls yksx
bl rkt+hj ls cpus ds fy;s dqjkuks lqUur ds eqrkfcd+ ,d oD+r
esa ,d gh rykd+ nsus yxsaxs vkSj bl fcn~v+r o g+jke Q+sv+y ls
yksx btfrukc djus yxsaxs vkSj ,d oD+r esa ,d gh rykd+ nsaxs

gt+jr m+ej jft+0 dk ;s Q+Slyk dqjkuks lqUur ds f[k+ykQ+

u Fkk cfYd dqjkuks lqUur ds eqokfQ+d+ kjbZ cqfu;kn ij Fkk
D;ksafd gt+jr m+ej jft+0 ls dqjkuks lqUur ds f[k+ykQ+ dksbZ Hkh
Q+Slyk lkfnj gksus dk rlOoqj Hkh ugha fd;k tk ldrk vkSj ;s
dkuwu mu yksxksa ds fy;s oD+rh rkSj ij Fkk tks ;d ckjxh rhu
rykd+sa nsrs Fks mUgsa rkt+hj lt+k nsus ds fy;s vkidk ;s Q+Slyk
 11

btfrgknh o rkt+hjh o fl;klh vkSj kjbZ Fkk u f[k+ykQ+s lqUur

vkSj vkids rykd+ lyklk rhu rykd+ dk dkuwu ukfQ+t+ djus
dk ed+ln yksxksa dh bLykg djuk Fkk rkfd yksx rykd+ ds
ekeys esa [kwc vPNh rjg x+kSj o fQ+ djrs gq;s rykd+ nsa
D;ksafd ,d oD+r dh rhu rykd+ksa dks rhu gh okdS+v+ gksuk d+jkj
nsus dk dkuwu ukfQ+t+ gksus ds ckn fdlh dks jqtwv+ dk ekSd+k
ugha feysxk vkSj mldk g+d+s jqtwv+ lkfd+r gks tk;sxk vkSj
[k+yhQ+k&,&oD+r dks ;s g+d+ vkSj bf[+r;kj gksrk gS fd oD+r vkSj
g+kykr ds rd+kt+s dks ns[krs gq;s yksxksa dks dqjku o lqUur dh
rjQ+ jx+cr fnykus vkSj dqjku o lqUur dh tkfuc ekby djus
ds fy;s dksbZ Hkh u;k dkuwu ukfQ+t+ dj ns vkids bl
btfrgknh] rkt+hjh o fl;klh vd+nke ds lcc cgqr yksxksa dh
bLykg gks xbZ Fkh fQj ckn esa vDlj eqtrgnhu us bl oD+rh o
rd+kt+h vkSj rkt+hjh dkuwu dks kjbZ dkuwu kD+y ns nhA
 12

&% rhu rykd+ dk kjbZ g+y %&

rRyhd+ lyklk rhu rykd+ ds elys ij vkbEek o m+Yek
g+t+jkr dk bf[+rykQ+ gS gkykfd ;dckjxh rhu rykd+ nsus ij
rhu gh okd+Sv+ gksxh bl rjQ+ vDlfj;r ikbZ tkrh gS vkSj gekjs
beke vkt+e vcw g+uhQ+k jg+0 dk elyd Hkh ;gh gS D;ksafd
vkius g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 dh rd+yhn djrs gq;s rhu bdV~Bh nh
gqbZ rykd+ksa dks rhu gh okd+Sv+ gksuk rlyhe fd;k gS bl fygkt+
ls beke vkt+e vcw g+uhQ+k us bl elys dks fQ+d+bZ o kjbZ
kD+y nh gS vkSj blesa dksbZ kdks kqck cfYd x+yrh ;k Hkwy ds
bedku dk bgfreky Hkh ugha fd;k tk ldrk fd beke vkt+e
dk dksbZ Hkh fQ+d+bZ elyk f[k+ykQ+s lqUur gS vkSj eSa jkfd+e tks
fd lqUuh g+uQ+h gS vkSj eSa g+d+ ds lkFk bl ckr dks rlyhe
djrk gw eqtrgnhu ds reke fQ+d+bZ o kjbZ elkby dqjku o
vgknhl o lgkckfdjke vkSj b+Yeh o Q+Uuh d+;kl ls ek[kwt+ gSaA

exj oD+r vkSj g+kykr ds rd+kt+s dks en~ns ut+j j[krs gq;s
reke m+Yek g+t+jkr dks bl elys ij x+kSj djrs gq;s ,slk
QS+lyk ysus dh fugk;r t+:jr gS tSlk fd Q+Slyk g+t+jr m+ej
jft+0 us vius nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r esa oD+r ds rd+kt+s dks ns[krs gq;s
fy;k Fkk rkfd yksx dqjku o lqUur dh rjQ+ jqtwv+ djsa vkSj
dqjku o lqUur ds eqrkfcd+ g+Lcs t+:jr rykd+ nsus dh yksxksa esa
jx+cr iSnk gks vkSj g+ykyk tks fd ,d uk ilanhnk o yv+urh
Q+svy+ gS blls yksx eg+Qwt+ jgsa vkSj yksxksa ds ?kj cckZn gksus ds
ctk; vkckn gksaA

gekjs nhu bLyke dk Hkh ;gh iSx+ke gS fd Q+jhd+Su dks

feykus dh g+Rry bedku gj dksfkk dh tk;s u fd mUgsa tqnk
djus dh Q+jhd+Su dks feykuk gj lwjr lckcs nkjSu gS ckrsZ
nk;js kjhv+r ds rgr gks vxj dqjku o lqUur dh jkskuh esa
fdlh Hkh lwjr ds rgr vxj rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ dks ,d
rlyhe djrs gq;s ,d kjbZ dkuwu ukfQ+t+ dj fn;k tk;s rks gj
lwjr esa yksxksa ds g+d+ esa csgrj lkfcr gksxk vkSj yksxksa ds ?kj
 13

ccZkn gksus dh ctk; vkckn gksaxs vkSj mudh vkSyknsa eqUrfkj

gksus dh ctk; vius ek cki ds lkFk vPNh rkyhe o rjfc;r
ds lkFk ,d vPNh o [kqkgky ft+Unxh clj djsaxs vkSj rhu
bdV~Bh rykd+ ds ckn njisk vkus okyh reke eqfdykr o
ijskkfu;ksa ds g+y esa lgwfy;r o vklkuh gksxh vkSj reke
eqfdykr o ijskkfu;ksa ls futkr feysxhA

lcls igys t+:jr bl ckr dh gS fd yksxksa dks lqUur

rjhd+s ij rykd+ nsus ij eqRrykv+ djus ds fy;s reke t+:jh
m+ywe mu rd igqpk;s tk;sa et+hn rd+kjhj] f[k+rkckr] ckv++t+ o
dqrqc o nhxj t+jk,s ls mudks elyk&,&rykd+ ij dqjku o
lqUur dh rjQ+ jkfx+c fd;k tk;s rkfd yksx g+Lcs t+:jr g+kyrs
rqgj esa ftlesa ftekv+ u fd;k x;k gks ;kuh lqUur rjhds+ ij
,d oD+r esa ,d rykd+ nsa rkfd mUgsa g+d+s jqtwv+ gkfly jgs vkSj
rhu rykd+ nsus ls ckt+ vk tk;saA

tSlk fd bjkkns [kq+nkoUnh gS&

,s uch eqlyekuksa ls Q+jek nsa tc rqe v+kSjrksa dks rykd+ nsuk
pkgks rks muds rqgj ds t+ekus esa mUgsa rykd+ nks lw0&rykd+&1

rRyhd+ lyklk elys ij nks tekv+rksa esa bf[+rykQ+ gS

ysfdu nksuksa g+d+ ij gSa ftl rjg gekjs pkj beke gSa vkSj pkjksa
g+d+ ij gSa tcfd muesa vDlj fQ+d+bZ elkby esa bf[+rykQ+ gS
Bhd blh rjg rRyhd+ lyklk elys ij Hkh bf[+rykQ+ gS ,d
tekv++r ftudh rknkn dlhj gS oks dgrs gSa ,d oD+r dh nh
gqbZ rhu rykd+sa rhu gh okd+Sv+ gksaxh vkSj oks dqjku o vg+knhl
vkSj lgkck fdjke ds d+kSy o Q+sv+y dh lun ds lkFk
bLrnyky djrs gSa vkSj nwljh tekv+r ftudh rknkn d+yhy gS
oks dgrs gSa fd ,d oD+r dh rhu rykds+a ,d gh okd+Sv+ gksxh
vkSj ;s tekv+r Hkh dqjku o vg+knhl vkSj lgkck ds d+kSy o
Q+sv+y dh ds lkFk bLrnyky djrs gSa gkykfd bl ,srokj ls
nksuksa Q+jhd+Su g+d+ ij gSa tSlk fd g+nhl ikd esa gSA
 14
g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 ls fjok;r gS ljdkjs nks v+kye lYy0 us
Q+jek;k& eSaus vius jc ls vius lgkck ds bf[+rykQ+ ds
eqrv+fYyd+ loky fd;k tks esjs ckn gksxk rks esjh rjQ+ ogh gqbZ
,s eqgEen lYy0 rqEgkjs vlg+kc esjs ut+nhd vkleku ds
flrkjksa dh rjg gSa fd ckt+&ckt+ ij d+oh gSa ysfdu lc uwjkuh
gSa ftlus buesa ls fdlh ds Hkh ekSfd+Q+ dks bf[+r;kj fd;k oks esjs
ut+nhd fgnk;r ij gS jkoh dk c;ku gS fd uch djhe lYy0
us Q+jek;k&esjs lgkck flrkjksa dh ekfuUn gSa rqe muesa ls fdlh
dh Hkh iSjoh djksxs fgnk;r gh ikvksxsA
fedkr&ckc&eukfd+c lgkck&3@222&g0&5762

vc bu nksuksa tekv+rksa ds ekSfd+Q+ ij x+kSj djks fd rRyhd+

lyklk ds elys ij nksuksa g+d+ ij gSa exj mu nksuksa esa ls dkSu
lcls csgrj vkSj voke ds g+d+ esa Q+k;nsean gS rks t+kfgj gS fd
tks ;s dgrs gS fd ,d oD+r dh rhu rykd+ ,d gh okd+Sv+ gksxh
;s ekSfd+Q+ vkSj elyd lcls csgrj gS D;ksafd rhu rykd+ksa dks
,d kqekj djus dh lwjr esa [k+kfoUn vkSj choh ds njfe;ku jqtwv+
dh dljr c<+sxh vkSj blesa et+hn bt+kQ+k gksxk vkSj muesa tqnkbZ
o v+ySg+nxh dh lwjr u ds cjkcj jg tk;sxh muds ?kj cckZn
gksus dh ctk; vkckn gksaxs vkSj mudh vkSyknsa nj nj dh u
gksaxh yksxksa us dqjku o lqUur ds gqDe ds eqrkfcd+ ;kuh ,d oD+r
esa ,d rykd+ nsus dh rjQ+ jx+cr c<+sxh D;ksafd tc ;dckjxh
nh gqbZ rhu rykd+ksa dks ,d gh okd+Sv+ gksuk d+jkj fn;k tkus
yxsxk rks yksxksa ds t+gu esa ;s ckr vPNh rjg cSB tk;sxh fd
,d oD+r esa ,d rykd+ nks ;k rhu rykd+sa nks rlyhe rks ,d
gh dh tkrh gS tks dqjku o lqUur ds eqokfQ+d+ gS rks fQj rhu
rykd+sa D;ksa nh tk;sa vkSj ckn rykd+ njisk vkus okyh reke
eqfdykr vkSj ijskkfu;ksa ls futkr gkfly djsaxs vkSj [kkldj
[k+okrhu jkgr eglwl djsaxhaA
tc ,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+ksa dks ,d kqekj djus
dk kjbZ dkuwu gksxk fQj vxj dksbZ tgkyr ;k ykb+Yeh ds
lcc ;dckjxh rhu rykd+sa nsxk rks bl lwjr esa mldh nh gqbZ
rhu rykd+sa ,d gh kqekj dh tk;sxh tks rykd+ jtbZ gksxh vkSj
bl kjbZ dkuwu ls voke dks dlhj Q+okbn gkfly gksaxsA
 15

igyk Q+kbnk %&fd yksxksa ds t+gu esa ;s ckr vPNh rjg cSB
tk;sxh fd bl u;s kjbZ dkuwu ds rgr ,d oD+r dh rhu
rykd+ksa dks ,d gh d+jkj fn;k tkrk gS ;kuh kjhv+rs eqrg~jk us
gesa ,d oD+r esa ,d gh rykd+ nsus dk gqDe fn;k gS blfy;s
rhu rykd+ dks ,d dh tkfuc ykSVk fn;k tkrk gS ,d oD+r esa
,d gh rykd+ nsuk dqjkuks lqUur ds eqokfQ+d+ o gqDes kjhv+r gS

bjkkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

rykd+ jtbZ nks nQ+k gS ;k rks fQj vPNs rjhd+s ls jksd ysuk gS
;k fQj kk;Lrxh vPNs lqywd o HkykbZ ds lkFk NksM+ nsuk gSA
lw0&cd+jkg&229

vycRrk vDlj voke rks ;gh le>rh gS fd rykd+ rks

rhu nsus ls gh okd+Sv+ gksrh gS vxj ,d rykd+ nh rks gksxh gh
ugha ;kuh voke dh ut+j esa ,d rykd+ dksbZ ek;us ugha j[krh
bl ykb+Yeh dh otg ls vDlj yksx rhu bdV~Bh rykd+sa nsrs gSa
ysfdu tc bl rjg yksx vg+dkes kjhv+r o lqUur ds eqrkfcd+
rykd+ jtbZ ;kuh ,d oD+r esa ,d rykd+ nsus dh rjQ+
ekby gksaxs rks /khjs&/khjs ;gh lqUur rjhd+k voke esa jkbt gks
tk;sxk rks lcls igys gesa t+:jr bl ckr dh gS fd yksxksa ds
t+guksa ls bl ckr dks fudkysa fd ,d rykd+ nsus ls rykd+ ugha
gksrh vkSj mUgsa rykd+ ls okcLrk reke m+ywe mu rd igqpk;sa
vkSj mUgsa le>k;sa fd tc ,d rykd+ nsus ls Hkh rykd+ gks tkrh
gS tks fd lqUur rjhd+k gS rks fQj rhu rykd+sa D;ksa nh tk;sa tks
fd g+jke gSa vkSj ,d rykd+ ds ckn Hkh v+kSjr ckn b+n~nr vius
[k+kfoUn ls ckbuk tqnk gks tkrh gSA

nwljk Q+kbnk %& ,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+ksa dks vxj ,d

kqekj fd;k tk;s rks oks rykd+ jtbZ gksxh ftldh b+n~nr rhu
g+St+ gS+t+ u vkus dh lwjr esa rhu eghuk gksxh nkSjkus b+n~nr
kkSgj dks g+d+s jqtwv+ g+kfly jgrk gS vxj [k+kfoUn pkgs rks viuh
choh dks cx+Sj mldh jt+keUnh ds jqtwv+ djds fQj ls viuh
t+ksft;r esa ysus dk g+d+ j[krk gS A
 16

vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&

vkSj bl eqn~nr ds vUnj muds kkSgjksa dks mUgsa fQj ls viuh
t+ksft;r esa ysus dk iwjk g+d+ gSA lw0&cd+jkg&228
nkSjkus b+n~nr ;kuh rhu g+St+ ;k rhu eghus es jqtwv+ dh et+hn
Lwkjrsa gSaA

igyh lwjr %& [k+kfoUn o choh ds njfe;ku jqtwv+ gksus o fjrk

t+ksft;r cjd+jkj jgus dh cgqr T+;knk mEehn gksrh gS D;ksafd
[k+kfoUn o choh dqN ;k T+;knk oD+r ,d lkFk xqt+kjrs gSa vkSj
nksuksa ds fnyksa esa FkksM+h ;k T+;knk eqgCcr ,d nwljs ds fy;s
t+:j gksrh gS vkSj ;gh eqgCcr mUgsa fQj ls ,d djus ds fy;s
etcwj djrh gS ckt+ vkSd+kr vxj mudh vkSykn gks rks vkSykn
dh eqgCcr fe;k&choh dks fQj ls feykus ds fy;s etcwj djrh
gS vkSj [k+kfoUn bl lcc ls viuh choh ls jqtwv+ dj ysrk gSA

nwljh lwjr %& nkSjkus b+n~nr vYykg rv+kyk mu nksuksa ;kuh

[k+kfoUn vkSj choh ds njfe;ku bRrsgkn dh dksbZ lwjr iSnk
Q+jeka ns vkSj v+kSjr fQj ls vius [k+kfoUn dh t+ksft;r esa vk
tk;s ;kuh vYykg rv+kyk choh o kkSgj ds fnyksa esa fQj ls ,d
lkFk ft+Unxh xqt+kjus vkSj vkckn jgus dh jx+cr iSnk Q+jeak ns
vkSj [k+kfoUn jqtwv+ djds viuh choh dks fQj ls viuh t+ksft;r
esa ys ys vkSj mudk ?kj fQj ls vkckn o [kqkgky gks tk;sA

dqjku ethn esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&

vYykg mlds rykd+ nsus ds ckn jqtwv+ dh dksbZ ubZ lwjr iSnk
Q+jeka nsA lw0&rykd+&1

rhljh lwjr %& clk vkSd+kr rykd+ dh otg xq+Llk o ukjkt+xh

gksrh gS vkSj gj pht+ dh ,d gn eqv+b;u gksrh gS il xq+Lls dh
Hkh ,d g+n gS vkSj oD+r vkSj g+kykr ds lkFk&lkFk x+qLlk o
ukjkt+xh esa rdQ+hQ+ deh gksrh gS vkSj x+qLlk /khjs&/khjs vius
bf[+rrke dh rjQ+ c<+rs gq;s ,d oD+r ,slk vkrk gS fd x+qLlk
 17
eqRyd+u [k+Re gks tkrk gS fQj mUgsa vius fd;s ij iNrkck gksrk
gS vkSj oks vius fd;s ij ukfne kfeZUnk gksrs gSa vkSj [k+kfoUn
jqtwv+ djds viuh choh dks fQj ls viuh t+ksft;r esa ysuk
pkgrk gS exj krsZ g+ykyk mUgsa ,slk djus ls jksd nsrk gS vxj
rhu bdV~Bh nh gqbZ rykd+ksa dks ,d d+jkj nsrs gq;s Q+Slyk fd;k
tkus yxs tks fd dqjku o lqUur ls lkfcr Hkh gS rks ,d oD+r
dh rhu rykd+ksa ds ckn Hkh g+ykyk kjbZ g+kby u gksxk vkSj
[k+kfoUn o choh dh jtv+r ds njfe;ku g+ykyk o g+ykyk tSlh
dksbZ nhokj u gksxh vkSj [k+kfoUn viuh choh dks ckn jtv+r
viuh t+ksft;r es ys ldrk gS vkSj [k+kfoUn o choh nksuksa viuh
ft+Unxh dks [kqfk;ksa o ekjZrksa ds lkFk vkckn dj ldrs gSaA

pkSFkh lwjr %& ckn rykd+ tc ;s [k+cj ?kj ls ckgj enZ ds ?kj
okys o fjrsnkj v+t+ht+ vd+kfjc vkSj v+kSjr ds vgy ?kj okys
o fjrsnkj rd igqprh gS rks ckn rykd+ vDlj yksx ;gh
pkgrs gSa fd mu fe;k&choh dk ?kj fdlh rjg vkckn gks tk;s
vkSj kjhv+r esa jqtwv+ dh dksbZ lwjr rykk djrs gSa vkSj ckt+
vkSd+kr rks [kqn [k+kfoUn vkSj choh Hkh tc mudh ukjkt+xh vkSj
x+qLlk [k+Re gks tkrk gS ;k dHkh ;s [+;ky vkrk gS fd gekjs
cPpksa dh ft+Unxh [k+jkc vkSj nqokj gks tk;sxh rks bl rjg
muds vUnj Hkh lqyg dh [+okfgk iSnk gksrh gS ysfdu tc
m+Yek g+t+jkr ls bl elys ds ckcr nj;k+r fd;k tkrk gS rks
muds ikl flQ+Z ,d gh tokc gksrk gS fd rhu bdV~Bh rykd+
nsus ij rhu gh okdS+v+ gksaxh vkSj vc cx+Sj g+ykyk kjbZ ds
v+kSjr vius [k+kfoUn dh t+ksft;r esa ugha vk ldrh vkSj mudh
tqnkbZ dk Q+jeku tkjh dj fn;k tkrk gSA

vkSj ckt+ yksx rks viuh choh dks g+ykyk ls xqt+kjus ds

ckn fQj ls fudkg+ djds viuh t+ksft;r esa ys ysrs gS gkykfd
jkbtk g+ykyk x+Sj kjbZ cqfu;knksa ij eqrfey gS ftl ij
vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy us yv+ur Q+jekbZ gS vkSj vDlj yksx
[k+kfoUn o choh esa lqyg vkSj jqtwv+ ds njfe;ku g+ykyk dh
otg ls tqnk gks tkrs gS vkSj muesa ckge jqtwv+ ugha gks ikrk
 18
vkSj mudk [kq'kgky o vkckn ?kj mtM+ tkrk gS vDlj ns[kus
dks feyrk gS fd rykd+ ds ckn ;k rks fe;k&choh [kqn pkgrs gSa
fd jqtwv+ dh dksbZ lwjr iSnk gks rkfd gekjs njfe;ku tqnkbZ u
gks vkSj ge fe;k&choh igys dh rjg vkckn gksdj ,d [kqkgky
ft+Unxh xqt+kjsa vxj fdlh otg ls kkSgj o choh ;k flQ+Z kkSgj
;k choh ;kuh nksuksa esa ls dksbZ ,d lqyg dh [+okfgk u j[krk
gks rks ,slh lwjr esa enZ ;k v+kSjr ds vg~y ?kj okys v+t+ht+
vd+kfjc mu nksuks fe;k&choh dks le>krs vkSj lqyg dh rx+hZc
nsrs vkSj mudh dksfkk ds urhts esa nksuksa fe;k&choh ds
njfe;ku lqyg dh jx+cr iSnk gksrh gS vkSj enZ jqtwv+ djds gj
lwjr viuh choh dks viuh t+ksft;r esa ysuk pkgrk gS exj fQj
ogh krsZ g+ykyk mUgsa ,slk djus ls jksd nsrk gS vxj ,d
etfyl dh rhu rykd+ksa dks ,d rlyhe djus dk kjbZ dkuwu
cuk fn;k tk;s rks ;s isphnk elyk cM+h vklkuh ls g+y gks
tk;sxk blds v+ykok jqtwv+ dh eq[+rfyQ+ et+hn lwjrsa gSa ftuds
ckbl jqtwv+ dh rjQ+ yksx ekby gksaxs vkSj muesa jtv+r dh
rjQ+ jx+cr c<s+xh vkSj [k+kfoUn fQj ls viuh choh dks jqtwv+
djds viuh t+ksft;r esa ys ysxkA
rhljk Q+k;nk %&dqjku o vg+knhl dh jkskuh esa ;s ckr okt+sg gS
fd ,d oD+r esa ,d rykd+ nh tk;s vxj dksbZ tgkyr ;k
csb+Yeh ds lcc ,d oD+r esa rhu rykd+s ns ns rks mls ,d dh
tkfuc ykSVkbZ tk;s tSlk fd gqtwj lYy0 ds v+g+ns eqckjd o
vcw c fln~nhd+ jft+0 ds nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r vkSj g+t+jr m+ej
jft+0 ds bfCrnkbZ nks ;k rhu lky ds nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r esa ,slk
vEj Fkk fd vxj dksbZ k[+l ;d ckjxh rhu rykds+ ns nsrk rks
,d gh rlyhe dh tkrh Fkh vkSj mls jqtqv+ djus dh rjx+hc
nh tkrh Fkh il blh rjg vxj ;s dkuwu kjbZ dkuwu dh
gS+fl;r ls ukfQ+t+ dj fn;k tk;s rks ckn rykd+ jqtqv+ djus
okyksa dh dljr gksxh vkSj fe;k choh ds njfe;ku tqnkbZ o
yv+urh Q+sv+y g+ykyk esa rdQ+hQ+ deh gksxh vkSj tgk rd
esjk fotnku vkSj d+;kl dgrk gS fd 99 Q+hln rykd+sa kD+ys
jqtqv+ bf[+r;kj djsaxhA
 19

pkSFkk Q+k;nk %& ,d oD+r dh rhu rykd+ dks ,d dh tkfuc

ykSVkuk ;kuh ,d kqekj djuk vxj ;s dkuwu kjbZ dkuwu dh
kD+y esa ukfQ+t+ dj fn;k tk;s rks jkbtk g+ykyk x+Sj kjbZ tks
fd ,d ukilanhnk o yv+urh Q+sv+y gS blls yksxksa dks vkt+knh
o jkgr vkSj futkr fey tk;sxh vkSj jqtwv+ ds njfe;ku g+ykys
dh nhokj u gksxh tks fe;k choh ds lqyg vkSj jqtwv+ esa jksd cu
lds gkykfd tSlk g+ykyk vktdy jkbt gS oks x+Sj kjbZ o
uktkbt+ gS fd ml g+ykys esa fu;r ;s gksrh gS fd eSa Q+qyk
v+kSjr ls bl otg ls fudkg+ dj jgk gw fd eqckkjr ds ckn
bldks rykd+ ns nwxk rkfd ;s igys [k+kfoUn ds fy;s g+yky gks
tk;s vkSj ,slh fu;r ls fudkg+ ckfry o uktkbt+ gSA

blds v+ykok ;g ,d ,slh chekjh gS tks ykbykt gS blds

vljkr rkmez enZ o v+kSjr ds njfe;ku g+kby gksrs vkSj ft+Unxh
Hkj rdyhQ+ igqpkrs gSa muds [+okcks o [+;kyks esa bldh rdyhQ+
o keZlkjh dh xwt oD+ru Q+oD+ru lqukbZ nsrh gS vkSj muds
t+guksa esa ;s [+;ky geskk rdyhQ+ igqpkrk gS fd esjh chch Qq+yk
enZ ds lkFk ,d ;k dqN fnu jkr jgh gS vkSj bl njfe;ku
eqckkjr Hkh gqbZ gS vkSj blh rjg ds [+;kykr choh ds fny esa
Hkh vkrs gSa ftlds ckbl oks bl rdyhQ+ vkSj keZlkjh dks rk
mez vius t+guksa o fnyksa ls ugha fudky ikrs vxj rhu rykd+
ij dqjkuksa lqUur ds eqrkfcd+ tnhn kjbZ dkuwu tkjh dj fn;k
tk;s ftlesa ,d oD+r dh rhu rykd+ksa dks ,d kqekj fd;k tk;s
rks ;s elyk [kqn o [kqn g+y gks tk;sxk vkSj yksx ft+Unxh Hkj
dh rdyhQ+ o keZlkjh ls futkr ik tk;saxsaA
ikpoka Q+k;nk %& vYykg rv+kyk bkkZn Q+jekrk gS&
rykd+ ;k+rk v+kSjrsa vius vkidks rhu g+St+ rd jksds j[ksaA
lw0&cd+jkg&228
nwljs ed+ke ij vYykg rv++kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&
rqe mu eqrYyd+k rykd+ ;k+rk v+kSjrksa dks ogh j[kks tgk rqe
jgrs gksA lw0&rykd+&5
 20
et+dwjk vk;rs djhek dk eQ+gwe bl ckr ij nykyr djrk gS
fd vYykg rv+kyk dh eUkk ;gh gS fd tks enZ v+kSjr ,d ckj
fjrk&,&t+ksft;r esa nkf[k+y gksa tk;sa rks fQj muessa tqnkbZ u
gks vYykg rv+kyk dk gqDe fd rykd+ ;k+rk v+kSjrsa vius
vkidks rhu gS+t+ rd jksds j[ksa ;kuh rhu eghus dh eqgyr o
lgwfy;r vYykg rv+kyk us blfy, nh rkfd rhu eghus esa
fe;k choh ds njfe;ku vYykg rv+kyk jqtwv+ dh dksbZ lwjr iSnk
Q+jekns ns D;ksafd nkSjkus b+n~nr [k+kfoUn jqtwv+ dk g+d+ j[krk gS
vkSj jqtwv+ ds fy;s v+kSjr dh jt+keUnh dh Hkh t+:jr ugha gksrhA

vkSj nwljh vk;r esa vYykg rv++kyk us gqDe Q+jek;k

fd rqe mu eqrYyd+k rykd+ ;k+rk v+kSjrksa dks ogha j[kks ;kuh
nkSjkus b+nn~r tgk rqe jgrs gks blesa fg+ders bykgh ;s gS fd
vYykg rv+kyk pgrk gS fd nkSjkus b+nn~r rhu ekg fe;k choh
,d gh ?kj esa jgsa rkfd mudh ckgeh eqgCcr esa bt+kQ+k vkSj ,d
nwljs ds fy;s jx+cr iSnk gks vkSj muesa fdlh ckr dks ysdj
xq+Llk o ukjkt+xh gks rks oks /khjs&/khjs [k+Re gks tk;s vkSj muesa
lqyg dk jkLrk [kqy tk;s vkSj vlckc o gkykr mUgsa eqRrfgn
gksus ij etcwj dj nsa vkSj bl njfe;ku muesa fdlh rjg jqtwv+
gks tk;sA
rks okt+sg gqvk fd vYykg rv+kyk dh eUkk ;gh gS fd
,d ckj tks fjrk t+ksft;r d+k;e gks tk;s muesa dHkh tqnkbZ u
gks rks vYykg rv+kyk dh eUkk dks ge d+k;e rHkh j[k ldrs gSa
fd ;k rks lqUur rjhd+s ls ,d oD+r esa ,d rykd+ nsa fQj vxj
dksbZ ;dckjxh rhu rykd+sa ns ns rks mls dqjku o vg+knhl ds
eqrkfcd+ ,d rykd+ jtbZ kqekj djsa vkSj mls jqtwv+ ds rjQ+
jkfx+c djsa rkfd vYykg rv+kyk dh tks eUkk gS mldh rdehy
gks tk;s vkSj tks vYykg rv+kyk dh eUkk esa gks ogha vEj gj
k[+l ds fy;s csgrj o [k+Sj vkSj Q+k;nseUn gksrk gSA

NBk Q+k;nk %& ckn rykd+ nkSjkus b+n~nr fe;k&choh ls fdlh

otg ls jqtwv+ u dj lds vkSj rhu g+St+ rhu eghus xqt+j tk;sa
rks ckn b+n~nr [k+kfoUn viuh choh dh jt+keUnh ls tnhn u;s
 21
v+D+ns fudkg+ ds t+fj;s fQj ls viuh choh dks viuh t+ksft;r
esa ys ldrk gS vkSj fe;k&choh ckge viuh ft+Unxh dks fQj ls
vkckn dj ldrs gSa ;kuh gj lwjr rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ dks ,d
jtbZ rykd++ d+jkj nsuk gj gky esa csgrj vkSj uQ+k c[+k gSA

vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&

vkSj tc rqe v+kSjrksa dks rykd+ nks vkSj oks viuh b+n~nr dks vk
igqps rks tc oks kjbZ nLrwj ds eqrkfcd+ ckge jt+keUn gks tk;s
rks mUgsa vius iqjkus ;k u;s kkSgjksa ls fudkg+ djus ls er
jksdksA lw0&cd+jkg&232
 22

&% dqjku esa rykd+ dk gq+De %&

vRrykd+q ejkZrkfu Q+bElkdqe fcekv++:fQ+u vkSrLjhg+qe fcbg+lku0
lw0&cd+jkg&229

rtqZek& rykd+ jtbZ nks nQ+k gS ;k rks fQj vPNs rjhd+s ls jksd
ysuk gS ;k fQj HkykbZ vPNs lqywd ds lkFk NksM+ nsuk gSA

et+dwjk vk;rs djhek ls igys dh rykd+ dh reke

lwjrsa eUlw[k+ gks x;ha vYykg rv+kyk us rykd+ dh rhu g+nsa
eqrv+b;u Q+jekbZ gSa vxj enZ us viuh choh dks rhu rykd+
eqrQ+kfjZd+ vkSd+kr esa u nh gksa rks tc rd oks b+n~nr esa gS rks
enZ dks jqtwv+ djus dk iwjk g+d+ gSA

beke ulkbZ] bCus ektk] vkSj cSgd+h us bCus el+n

jft+0 ls fjok;r fd;k gS Q+jekrs gSa v+kSjr ds g+St+ ls ikd gksus
ds ckn ftekv+ ge fcLrjh ls igys ,d rykd+ ns fQj tc
mls g+St+ vk;s rks ckn g+St+ g+kyrs rqgj esa nwljh rykd+ ns fQj
mls NksM+ j[ks g+Rrk fd fQj oks rhljs g+St+ ls ikd gks tk;s rks
mlds ckn vxj pkgs rks rhljh rykd+ ns ;k u nsa vkSj jqtwv+
djds choh dks viuh t+ksft;r esa ys ys
beke tykyq}hu l;wrh&nqjsZ eUlwj&1@716

rkjhg%& rykd+ jtbZ flQ+Z nks ckj rd gS ;kuh vxj dksbZ

k[+l viuh choh dks rykd+ nsus dk bjknk djrk gS rks mlds
fy;s kjbZ gqDe ;s gS fd oks g+kyrs rqgj ikdh esa ftles
ftekv+ u fd;k x;k gks ,d rykd+ ns ns vkSj mls NksM+ j[ks
fQj v+kSjr vius kkSgj ds ?kj esa b+n~nr rhu gS+t+ ;k rhu ekg
;kuh ftldks g+St+ vkrk gks oks rhu g+St+ b+n~nr iwjh djs vkSj
ftls g+St+ u vkrk gks ;kuh ukckfyx+ yM+dh ;k oks v+kSjr
ftldk gS+t+ vkuk cUn gks x;k gks oks rhu ekg b+n~nr xqt+kjs
 23
b+n~nr ds njfe;ku [k+kfoUn vxj pkgs rks choh dh btkt+r ds
cx+Sj jqtwv+ dj ldrk gSA

tSlk fd bjkkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

bl eqn~nr ds vUnj muds kkSgjkSa dks mUgsa fQj ls viuh
tksft+;r esa ykSVkus dk iwjk g+d+ gSA lw0&cd+jkg&228

vkSj vxj jqtwv+ u fd;k gks rks ckn b+n~nr choh kkSgj
ds fy;s ckbuk tqnk gks tk;sxh fQj kkSgj vxj pkgs rks tnhn
u;s fudkg+ o egj vkSj choh dh btkt+r o jt+keUnh ls choh
dks viuh t+ksft;r esa ys ldrk gSA
bjkkns [kqnkoUnh gSa&
vkSj tc rqe v+kSjrksa dks rykd+ nks vkSj oks viuh b+n~nr dks vk
igqps rks tc oks kjbZ nLrwj ds eqrkfcd+ ckge jt+keUn gks tk;sa
rks mUgsa vius iqjkus ;k u;s kkSagjksa ls fudkg+ djus ls er
jksdksA lw0&cd+jkg&232

enZ vxj pkgs rks ,d eghus esa ,d rykd+ g+kyrs rqgj esa
vkSj nwljs eghus esa nwljh rykd+ vkSj rhljh eghus esa rhljh
rykd+ ns ldrk gS vycRrk nwljh vkSj rhljh rykd+ dh dksbZ
gktr ugha jgrh D;kasfd ,d rykd+ ds ckn b+n~nr xqt+jus ds
ckn v+kSjr ckbuk tqnk gks tkrh gS vkSj enZ dk g+d+s jqtwv+
lkfd+r gks tkrk gS ;kuh ckn b+n~nr kkSgj viuh choh ls jqtwv+
ugha dj ldrk vxj enZ us rhu rykd+s eqrQ+fjZd+ vkSd+kr esa
;kuh gj eghus esa ,d rykd+ ;k ft+Unxh esa vyx&vyx oD+rks
esa rhu rykdsa+ nsrk gS rks ftl oD+r oks rhljh rykd+ nsxk rks
oks rykd+ eqx+fYyt+k okd+Sv+ gksxh ftlds ckn enZ u rks jqtwv+
dj ldrk gS vkSj u fudkg+ tc rd v+kSjr g+ykyk kjbZ ls u
xqt+j tk;sA
vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&
fQj vxj mlus rhljh erZck rykd+ ns nh rks oks mlds fy;s
g+yky u gksxh ;gk rd fd oks fdlh vkSj kkSgj ds lkFk fudkg+
u dj ysAlw0&cd+jkg&230
 24

&% eqrQ+fjZd+ rQ+klhj %&

vk;rs djhek **vRrkykd+q ejkZrkfu&&&&&&&&ls eqjkn bl rjQ+
bkkjk gS fd ,d gh oD+r esa nks nQ+k rykd+ nsuk tkbt+ ugha ;s
dyek rQ+jhd+ vkSj v+nn ij nykyr djrk gS urhtk d+;kl ;s
gS fd kjv+u nks ;k rhu bdV~Bh rykd+sa nsuk fcnv+r o g+jke gSa
kjv+u rykd+ nsus dk rjhd+k ;s gS fd eqrQ+fjZd+ rqgjksa esa ,d ds
ckn ,d rykd+ gks ;kuh nks ;k rhu rykd+sa tek u gksa nks ;k
rhu rykd+ksa dks ,d y+t+ ds lkFk ;k eq[+rfyQ+ vYQ+kt+ ds
lkFk tek djuk fcnv+r o g+jke gSa vkSj xqukg esa eqfCryk djus
okyk gS vkSj gktr rks ,d ls gh iwjh gks tkrh gS rks fQj rhu
rykd+ D;kssaA
uht+ vk;rs djhek esa vkSrLjhgqe fc bg+lku---------------- ls
eqjkn ;s gS fd nks rykd+ksa ds ckn pkgs rks NksM+ ns ;gk rd fd
mldh b+n~nr xqt+jus ds lcc ls oks mlls tqnk gks tk;s ;gk
;s t+:jh ugha fd mls rhljh rykd+ nh tk;s gkykfd enZ vxj
pkgs rks rhljh rykd+ ns ldrk gS ysfdu csgrj ;s gS fd rhljh
rykd+ u ns fd rykd+ ,d gks ;k nks choh rks ckn b+n~nr vius
[k+kfoUn ls tqnk gks tkrh gS fQj rhljh rykd+ dh g+tr ugha
jgrh gkfly urhtk ;s gS fd nks rykd+ksa ds ckn enZ vxj pkgs
rks viuh choh dks HkykbZ ds lkFk jksd ys ;k ,g+lku ds lkFk
;kuh dqN eky o erkv+ nsdj vPNs lqywd ds lkFk mls
eqRyd+u tqnk dj ns rhljh rykd+ ns ;k u ns nksuksa lwjrksa esa
rhljh rykd+ u nsuk csgrj gSA
**vkSrLjhgqe fcbglku^^ dk ek;uh rhljh rykd+ u gks
D;ksafd vxj blls ek;uh rhljh rykd+ fy;k tk;s rks bl
vk;r ds ckn lw0&cd+jkg&230 esa vYykg rv+kyk Q+jekrk gS&
**Q+bu rYyd+kgk Q+yk rfg+Yyq^^ fQj vxj mlus rykd+ ns nh
rks fQj ;s pkSFkh rykd+ gksxh D;ksafd **Q+^^ rv+d+hc ds fy;s gS
;kuh fdlh pht+ dks fdlh ds ckn djuk vkSj blds ckn ubZ
rykd+ dk rd+kt+k djrh gS rks blls lkfcr gqvk fd d+kSy ckjh
rv+kyk **vkS rLjhgqe fobg+lku^^ ls eqjkn v+kSjr dks NksM+ nsuk gS
;gk rd fd mldh b+n~nr xqt+j tk;s r+lhj dqjrch&2@169
 25
vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&
vkSj tc rqe v+kSjrksa dks rykd+ nks vkSj oks viuh b+n~nr iwjh
gksus dks vk igqps rks mUgsa vPNs rjhd+s ls viuh t+ksft;r esa
jksd yks ;k mUgsa vPNs rjhd+s ls NksM+ nks egt+ rdyhQ+ nsus ds
fy;s u jksds j[kks fd mu ij T+;knrh djrs jgks vkSj tks dksbZ
,slk djs il mlus viuh tku ij t+qYe fd;k gS vkSj vYykg
rv+kyk ds vg+dke dks et+kd+ u cuk yksA lw0&cd+jkg&231

kjbZ rykd+ ,d rykd+ ds ckn eqrQ+fjZd+ rkSj ij

rykd+ nsuk gS u fd bdV~Bh vkSj u gh ,d y+t+ ls vkSj
^^vRrykd+q ejkZrkfu** ls eqjkn rlfu;k nks xquk ugha gS cfYd
nQ+k erZck eqjkn gS tSls lw0&eqYd+ esa vk;r u0&4 ^^lqEej
ftv+y cljk djkZrSfu** ;kuh djkZ ckn djkZ** ,d erZck ds ckn
nwljh erZck u fd nks erZck r+lhj enkfjd&1@320
bl vk;r esa gekjh nyhy gS fd nks rykd+ksa vkSj rhu
rykd+ksa dks bdV~Bk ,d gh rqgj esa nsuk fcnv+r gS D;ksafd
vYykg rv+kyk us gesa vyx&vyx djds rykd+ nsus dk gqDe
fn;k gS ^^vRrykd+q ejkZrkfu** fd rykd+ jtbZ nks ckj rd gS
D;ksafd rhljh rykd+ ds ckn jqtwv+ ugha ^^fcev+:fQ+u** fQj
nLrwj ds eqokfQ+d+ j[kuk gS ;kuh jqtwv+ djds eryc ;s gS fd
rqe ij nLrwj ds eqokfQ+d+ jksds j[kuk ykft+e gS ^^vkS rLjhgqe
fcbglku** ;k gqLus lqywd ls jq[k+lr dj ns ;kuh jqtwv+ u djs
;gk rd fd oks b+n~nr ls ckbuk tqnk gks tk;sA
r+lhj enkfjd&1@321

^^vRrykd+q ejkZrkfu** ls eqjkn nks ckj gS vkSj bl vk;r esa

rykd+ jtbZ dh g+n crkuk ed+lwn gS vkSj ejkZrku ls eqjkn
ckj&ckj rykd+ nsuk gS ;kuh rykd+ kjbZ v+ySg+nk&v+ySg+nk nsuk
gS u fd ,d ne nks ;k rhu vkSj ^^bElkd** ds ek;uh jksduk gS
rykd+ ds eqd+kfcy vkSj ^^rljhg** ;kuh vkt+kn NksM+uk vkSj
v+ySg+nk djuk vkSj ^^bglku** ls eqjkn v+kSjr dk egj vkSj
g+qd+wd+s b+n~nr vnk djuk ;kuh nks rykd+ rd enksZa dks nks g+d+
g+kfly gSa mUgsa jksd ysuk vkSj rykd+ ls jqtwv+ dj ysuk ;k
HkykbZ ds lkFk NksM+ nsukA r+lhj ubZeh&2@415
 26

beke vkt+e vcw g+uhQ+k ds ut+nhd nks ;k rhu ;dckjxh

rykd+ okd+Sv+ djuk g+jke gSA r+lhj :gqy c;ku&1@316

et+dwjk vk;rs djhek dh rQ+klhj ls okt+sg gqvk fd

^^vRrykdq ejkZrkfu** ls eqjkn nks eqrQ+fjZd+ vyx&vyx rqgjksa
esa rykd+ nsuk gS vkSj rhljh rykd+ dk rt+fdjk Q+kSju ckn gS
^^Q+ bu rYyd+kgk Q+yk rfg+Yyw&&&&&&&**lw0&cd+jkg&230
;kuh fQj vxj mlus rhljh erZck rykd+ ns nh rks mlds ckn
oks v+kSjr mlds fy;s g+yky u gksxh ;gk rd fd oks fdlh
nwljs kkSgj ds lkFk fudkg+ dj ys fQj vxj oks nwljk kkSgj
Hkh rykd+ ns ns rks vc bu nksuksa ;kuh igys kkSgj vkSj mldh
choh ij dksbZ xqukg ugha vxj oks nksckjk fjrk t+ksft;r esa
iyV tk;sa igyh vk;r esa ^^vRrykdq ejkZrkfu** lw0&cd+jkg&
&229 esa flQ+Z nks rykd+ksa dk ft+ gS tks eqrQ+fjZd+ rqgjksa esa nh
tk;sa vkSj nwljh vk;r ^^Q+bu rYyd+kgk Q+yk rfg+Yyw&&&&**
lw0&cd+jkg&230 esa rhljh rykd+ dk ft+ gS tks nks ds ckn
rhljh rykd+ gS tks eqrQ+fjZd+ rqgj esa nh tk;sA
 27

&% nks rykd+ dk lcls uqt+wy %&

mEeqy eksfeuhu g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft++0 ls fjok;r gS
Q+jekrh gSa fd yksx t+ekuk tkgfy;r esa ,sls Fks fd kkSgj viuh
choh dks ftruh pkgrk mruh rykd+ ns nsrk Fkk vkSj nkSjkus
b+n~nr oks jqtwv+ dj ysrk Fkk fQj oks choh mlh kkSgj ds ikl
jgrh Fkh ;gk rd fd ,d enZ us viuh choh ls dgk vYykg
dh d+le u rks eSa rq>s ,slh rykd+ nwxk fd rw eq>ls tqnk gks
tk;s vkSj u gh rq>ls dHkh feywxk mlus dgk fd ;s D;ksadj
gksxk kkSgj us dgk eSa rq>s rykd+ nwxk fQj b++n~nr reke gksus
ls igys rq>ls jtv+r d:xk vkSj blh rjg geskk djrk jgwxk
;gk rd fd oks v+kSjr g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 ds ikl
g+kft+j gqbZ vkSj bl ckr dh [kc+j nh lks mEeqy eksfeuhu g+t+jr
vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 pqi jgha ;gk rd fd gqtwj lYy0
rkjhQ+ yk;s rks mudks bl ckr dh [k+cj nh il vki lYy0
pqi jgs ;gk rd fd ;s vk;rs djhek ukft+y gqbZ& ^^vRrykd+q
ejkZrkfu&&&&&&** lw0&cd+jkg&229 ;kuh rykd+ nks ckj
rd gS vkSj mlds ckn choh dks nLrwj ds eqokfQ+d+ j[k ysuk ;k
HkykbZ ds lkFk mldks jq[k+lr dj nsuk gS ;kuh ml dks rhljh
rykd+ ns dj ;k bl rjg dh jtv+r u djs vkSj b+n~nr reke
gks tk;s g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd++k jft+0 us Q+jek;k& fQj fljs
ls yksxksa us rykd+ dk fglkc j[kk ftlus rykd+ nh Fkh mlus
Hkh vkSj ftlus rykd+ ugha nh Fkh mlus HkhA
frfeZt+h&1@657&g0&1192
 28

&% rhu bdV~Bh rykd+sa nsus ij

,d gh okd+Sv+ gksrh gS %&
&% d+qjku ls bLrnyky %&
vYykg rv+kyk us y+t+s rykd+ rQ+jhd+ ds lkFk ft+
fd;k gS il vYykg rv+kyk us Q+jek;k& ^^vRrykd+q ejkZrkfu**
lw0&cd+jkg&229 blls eqjkn rykd+ nks ckj gS ftlds ckn
nkSjkus b+n~nr jqtwv+ gks ldrk gS vkSj d+kSy ckjh rv+kyk
^^vkSrLjhgqe fc bg+lku** ds ek;uh gSa fd oks mls cx+Sj jqtwv+
fd;s mlh g+kyr ij NksM+s j[ks ;gk rd fd mldh b+n~nr xqt+j
tk;s vkSj mlesa ml ij ,g+lku ;s gS fd vxj mu nksuksa ds
njfe;ku unker okd+Sv+ gks vYykg rv+kyk us Qjek;k ^^yk
rnjh yv+YyYykgk ;qg+fnlw cv+nk tkfydk vEjk**lw0&rykd+&1
;kuh vYykg rv+kyk mlds rykd+ nsus ds ckn jqtwv+ dh dksbZ
ubZ lwjr iSnk Q+jeka nsA blls eqjkn Qq+jd+r tqnkbZ] v+ySg+nxh
ij unker vkSj jtv+r esa jx+cr j[kuk gS vkSj rhu dks okd+Sv+
djuk vPNk ugha gS D;ksafd blesa oqlv+r xqatkbk dks rdZ
djuk gS tks muds ckjs esa vYykg rv+kyk us v+rk Q+jekbZ gS il
vYykg rv+kyk dk rykd+ dks eqrQ+jZd+u ft+ djuk bl ckr
ij nykyr djrk gS fd tc mUgsa tek fd;k tk;s rks oks y+t+s
okfg+n gS fygkt+k ,d gh okdS+v+ gksxhA elyu vxj dksbZ fdlh
,d dke ds fy;s ;s dgs fd eSaus Qqyak dke fd;k gS vkSj bl
tqeys dks oks rhu ckj dgs rks tc bu tqeyksa dks tek fd;k
tk;s rks ek;uh ;gh fudysxk fd mlus Qqyk dke ,d ckj
fd;k gS u fd rhu ckjA r+lhj dqjcrh&2@173

bl vk;rs djhek esa dyek ^^ejkZrku** tks fd ejkZg dk

rlfu;k gS vkSj ejkZg ds ek;uh ,d ckj ;k ,d nQ+k gS rks
ejkZrku dk ek;uh gqvk ejkZg ckn ejkZg ;kuh ,d nQ+k ds ckn
nwljh nQ+k u fd nksuksa ,d gh ckj felky ds rkSj ij lw0&uwj
&vk0&58 esa vYykg rv+kyk Q+jekrk gS ^^,s bZeku okyks rqEgkjs
 29

xq+yke] ykSafMa;k vkSj rqEgkjs ukckfyx+ cPps rhu oD+rksa esa btkt+r
ysdj rqEgkjs ikl vk;k djsa uekt+s Q+Tj ls igys] nksigj ds
oD+r tc rqe vkjke ds fy;s vius diM+s mrkjrs gks vkSj bkk
dh uekt+ ds ckn ;s rhu oD+r rqEgkjs insZ ds vkSd+kr gSa**A

bl vk;r esa ^^lykl ejkZg** rhu nQ+k dk ek;uh

okt+sg fd;k x;k gS vkSj ;s rhu eqrQ+fjZd+ vkSd+kr gS u fd
okfg+n blls okt+sg gqvk fd ^^vRrykdq ejkZrkfu** esa y+t+s
ejkZrku esa rQ+jhd+ dk eQ+gwe kkfey gS fygkt+k bl d+k;ns ds
eqrkfcd+ ^^vRrykdq ejkZrkfu** ls ;gh ek;uh fudyrk gS fd
rykd+ eqrQ+fjZd+ vkSd+kr vyx&vyx oD+rksa esa nh tk;s u fd
nks bdV~Bh rykd+sa nh tk;sa vkSj rykd+ ,d Q+sv+y gS tks fd
okdS+v+ gksrk gS d+kSy vkSj Q+sv+y esa Q+d+Z gksrk gSA

felky ds rkSj ij vxj dksbZ k[+l ;s dgs fd eSa

vkt Qqyk txg x;k Fkk vkSj bl tqeys dks rhu ckj dgs rks
;s tqeyk rkdhn ds rkSj ij rhu ckj dgk x;k gS rks tc bu
tqeyksa dks tek fd;k tk;s rks ek;uh ;gh fudysxk fd oks
k[+l vkt Qqyk txg ,d ckj x;k Fkk u fd rhu ckj blh
rjg vxj dksbZ k[+l rhu ckj bdV~Bh rykd+ nsrk gS rks rhu
ckj crkSj rkdhn ds kqekj fd;k tk;sxk D;ksafd rykd+ ,d
Q+sv+y gS rks bl d+k;ns ds eqrkfcd ,d gh rykd+ okdS+v+ gksxhA

dqjku ethn esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS

^^luqv+fTt oqgqe ejkZrSfu&&**lw0&rkSck&101;kuh v+ud+jhc ge
mUgsa nqfu;k esa gh nks erZck v+t+kc nsaxs bl vk;r esa dyek
ejkZrSu es rQ+jhd+ dk eQ+gwe kkfey gS ;kuh nks eqrQ+fjZd+
vkSd+kr esa v+t+kc fn;s tkus dk ft+ gS rks bl vk;rs djhek ls
okt+sg vkSj lkfcr gqvk fd rykd+ ,d oD+r esa ,d gh gSA

dqjku o vg+knhl dh jkskuh esa ,d etfyl dh rhu

rykd+sa ,d gh okd+Sv+ gksus ds gqDe esa gS rykd+ [+okg t+qckuh]
dykeh] fdrkch ;k rgjhjh lwjr esa gks ftlesa enZ dks eqdEey
 30

jqtwv+ dk g+d+ g+kfly gS vkSj b+n~nr xqt+jus ds ckn tnhn

fudkg+ ls choh fQj ls vius [k+kfoUn dh t+ksft;r esa nkf[+ky gks
tk;sxh ;gh elyd lcls csgrj gS rkfd cckZn gksus okys ?kj
fQj ls vkckn gks tk;sa vkSj nks fnyksa dh rQ+jhd+ o uQ+jr vkSj
v+nkor eqgCcr o bfRrgkn dh lwjr esa rCnhy gks tk;s vkSj
x+et+nk eqj>k;s fny [kqfk;ksa vkSj ekjZrksa ls f[ky mBsaA

vkSj vYykg rv+kyk Hkh ;gh pkgrk gS vkSj mldh eUkk

;gh gS fd tks fjrk t+ksft;r [k+kfoUn o choh ds njfe;ku gS
oks geskk d+k;e cuk jgs vkSj muesa ckge tqnkbZ u gks vkSj
vYykg rv+kyk jqtwv+ dks ilUn Q+jekrk blfy;s vYykg rv+kyk
us dqjku ethn esa dbZ ed+kekr ij viuh nh gqbZ lgwfy;rsa vkSj
eqgyrsa vkSj xqatkbk dk ft+ fd;k gS fd fdlh rjg [k+kfoUn
vkSj choh ds njfe;ku ckn rykd+ jqtwv+ dh lwjr iSnk gks vkSj
nksuksa ckge fjrk&,&t+ksft;r dks cjd+jkj j[ksa vkSj vYykg
rv+kyk jqtwv+ dks ilan Q+jekrk gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk dqjku
ethn esa dbZ ed+kekr ij gesa bl ckr dh rkdhn Q+jekrk gS
fd geus tks rqEgsa tks eqgyr] lgwfy;r o xqatkbk nh fd rqe
bl eqgyr o lgwfy;r esa viuh rykd+ ;k+rk choh ls jqtwv+
djyks ;k ckn b+n~nr tnhn fudkg+ ls fQj ls viuh t+ksft;r
esa ys yks pUn vk;rs djhek eqUnjtk t+Sy gSa&

1 ^^vRrykdq+ ejkZrkfu&&&&&**lw0&cd+jkg&229 bl vk;rs

djhek ds vYQ+kt+ bl ckr dh nyhy gSa fd nks rykd+sa
eqrQ+fjZd+ vkSd+kr esa nh tk;sa rkfd jqtwv+ dh lwjr ckd+h jgs
vkSj enZ vius g+ds+ jqtwv+ ds t+fj;s viuh choh dks fQj ls viuh
t+ksft;r esa ys ysA

2 ^^o bt+k rYyd+rqequ fulkvk&&&&&&**lw0&cd+jkg&231

vkSj tc rqe v+kSjrksa dks rykd+ nks vkSj oks viuh b+n~nr iwjh&
gksus dks vk igqps rks mUgsa vPNs rjhd+s ls viuh t+ksft;r esa
jksd yks ;k mUgsa vPNs rjhd+s ls NksM+ nks et+dwjk vk;rs djhek
dk bkkjk Hkh rykd+ jtbZ dh rjQ+ gSA
 31

3 ^^o bt+k rYyd++rqequ fulkvk Q+ckyX+uk vtkykgqUuk&&&&**

lw0&cd+jkg&232 vkSj tc rqe v+kSjrksa dks rykd+ nks vkSj oks
viuh b+n~nr iwjh gksus dks vk igqps rks tc oks kjbZ nLrwj ds
eqrkfcd+ ckge jt+keUn gks tk;s rks mUgsa vius kkSgjksa ls fudkg+
djus ls er jksdksA et+dwjk vk;rs djhek dk bkkjk Hkh rykd+
jtbZ dh rjQ+ gSA

4 ^^Q belkdqe fcev+:fQu vkSrLjhg+qe fc bg+lku** lw0&

cd+jkg&229 fQj ;k rks choh dks vPNs rjhd+s ls t+ksft;r esa
jksd ysuk ;k HkykbZ ds lkFk NksM+ nsuk gSA et+dwjk vk;rs djhek
dk bkkjk Hkh rykd+ jtbZ dh rjQ+ gSA

5 **;k vb;qgUuchb;q bt+k rYyd+rqequ fulkvk QrfYyd+w gqUuk

fyb+n+nfr fgUuk^^ lw0& rykd+&1
,s uch lYy0 eqlyekuksa ls Q+jeknsa tc rqe v+kSjrkaas dks rykd+
nsuk pkgs rks muds rqgj ds t+ekus esa mUgsa rykd+ nks vkSj b+n~nr
dks kqekj djks vkSj vYykg ls Mjrs jgks tks rqEgkjk jc gS vkSj
mUgsa muds ?kjksa ls ckgj er fudkyks vkSj u oks [kqn fudysaA
et+dwjk vk;rs djhek Hkh rykd+ jtbZ ds rjQ+ bkkjk dj jgh gS
uht+ gqDes [kq+nkoUnh fd mUgsa mudsa ?kjksa ls u fudkyks bl ckr
dh rjQ+ bkkjk gS fd rykd+ ds ckn fe;k choh nksuksa ,d gh ?kj
esa jgsaxs rks muesa lqyg o jtv+r dh lwjr iSnk gksus dk et+hn
bdeku gS fd vYykg rv+kyk jqtwv+ dh dksbZ lwjr iSnk Q+jekns
tSlk fd blh vk;r esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gSA

6 **yk rnjh yv+YyYkkgk ;qgfnlq cv+nk t+kfydk vEjk^^ kk;n

vYykg rv+kyk mlds rykd+ nsus ds ckn jqtwv+ dh dksbZ ubZ
lwjr iSnk Q+jeak nsA

7 **Q+ bt+k cyX++uk vtkykgqUuk QvfEldw gqUuk fcev+:fQu^^

lw0&rykd+&2 fQj tc oks viuh eqd+jZjk fe;kn ds [k+Re gksus
ds d+jhc igqp tk;sa rks mUgsa HkykbZ ds lkFk viuh t+ksft;r esa
 32

jksd yks ;k mUgsa HkykbZ ds lkFk tqnk dj nksA et+dwjk vk;rs

djhek dk bkkjk Hkh rykd+ jtbZ dh rjQ+ gSA
ftl rjg fudkg+ esa enZ o v+kSjr rhu erZck y+t+s dqcwy
nksgjkrs gSa rks muds rhu ckj fudkg+ dqcwy gS dgus ls fudkg+
rks ,d gh gksrk gS u fd rhu rks okts+g+ gqvk fd rhu ckj
fudkg+ dqcwy dk nksgjkuk crkSj rkdhn gksrk gS blh rjg ,d
oD+r esa rhu ckj rykd+ dguk Hkh crkSj rkdhn gksrk gS ;kuh
,d oD+r esa rhu rykd+sa nsus ij ,d gh okd+Sv+ gksxhA

vYykg rv+kyk us gesa rykd+ ds ckn dbZ lgwfy;rsa

vkSj jkLrs vkSj rjhd+s Q+jkge fd;s gSa fd fdlh rjg fe;k choh
dk fjrk t+ksft;r d+k;e jgs vkSj muesa tqnkbZ u gks ysfdu
v+Yykg rv+kyk ds Q+jkge dnkZ lgwfy;rsa vkSj rjhd+ksa dks ge
njfdukj dj nsrs gSa vkSj ,d oD+r dh rhu rykd+ksa dks rhu gh
okd+Sv+ d+jkj nsrs gq;s fe;k choh esa ckge tqnkbZ djk nsrs gSa vkSj
enksZa ls mudk g+d+s jqtwv+ Nhu ysrs gSa tks vYykg rv+kyk us
mUgsa v+rk fd;k gS dqjku ethn esa dksbZ ,slh vk;r ekStwn ugha
fd ,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+ksa dks rhu gh okdS+v+ gksuk d+jkj
nsrh gks vkSj reke dqrcs vg+knhl esa dksbZ ,slh g+nhl ekStwn
ugha ftlesa ,d oD+r dh rhu rykd+ksa dks gqtwj lYy0 us rhu
gh d+jkj fn;k gks gkykfd rhu rykd+ksa ds ft+ okyh dbZ
vg+knhl okfjn gSa ysfdu muesa rhu rykd+ksa dk [kqyklk c;ku
ugha gS fd rhu rykd+sa ,d etfyl esa nh xbZa ;k eqrQ+fjZd+
vkSd+kr esa nh xbZa blds vykok rykd+ cRrk dk vg+knhl esa
rt+fdjk feyrk gS exj rykd+ cRrk rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ dks
Hkh dgrs gSa vkSj rhljh rykd+ dks Hkh dgrs gSa tks eqrQ++fjZd+
vkSd+kr esa nks ds ckn rhljh rykd+ nh tkrh gS ;kuh rykd+
cRrk dk Hkh [k+qyklk ugha fd rykd+ cRrk ,d etfyl esa rhu
rykd+sa nh xbZ ;k ,d rykd+ nh xbZ vkSj rykd+ cRrk dk
ek;uh gS tqnk dj nsus okyh ;k dkV nsus okyh ;kuh v+kSjr dks
rykd+ ds Q+kSju ckn tqnk dj nsrh gSA
 33

&% rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ nsus ij ,d gh okdS+v+ gksrh gS %&

&% vg+knhl ls bLrnyky %&
bCus rkl vius okfyn ls c;ku djrs gS fd vcw lg~ck
g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ds ikl vk;s vkSj v+t+Z fd;k fd ,s
bCus v+Cckl jft+0 D;k rqe blls okfd+Q+ ugha fd uch djhe
lYy0 ds v+gns eqckjd esa vkSj vcw c fln~nhd+ jft+0 ds
nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r esa vkSj g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 ds nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r ds
bfCrnkbZ nks ;k rhu lky rd rhu rykd+sa ,d dh tkfuc
ykSVkbZ tkrh Fkha bl ij g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 us Q+jek;k
th gk okd+bZ ykSVkbZ tkrh Fkha vkSj jn~n dh tkrh Fkha rhu
rykd+sa ,d gh tkfuc
ulkbZ&lquu&2@464&g0&3438
eqfLye&lg+h& 4@99&g0&3674
vcwnkn&lquu&2@682&g0&2200
v+Cnqy jT+t+kd&vyeqlfUuQ+&6@392&g0&11337
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@456&g0&14973
g+kfde&vyeqLrnjd&2@234&g0&2851
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@398&g0&18178
nkjdqruh&lquu&3@281&g0&4019
tykyqn~hu l;wrh&nqjsZ eUlwj&1@721
beke kkQ+bZ&vyeqLun&1@428&g0&1242

&% et+dwjk g+nhl ij ,rjkt+ %&

igyk ,rjkt+%& et+dwjk g+nhl ds eqrv+fYyd+ ckt+ yksx ;s

dgrs gSa fd ;s g+nhl eUlw[k+ gks xbZ rks esjk muls ,d loky gS
fd oks dkSu lh ukfl[k+ eUlw[k+ djus okyh g+nhl gS ftlus bl
g+nhl dks eUlw[k+ dj fn;k ;k oks dkSu lh dqjvkuh vk;r gS
ftlus bl g+nhl dks eUlw[k+ dj fn;kA
 34
nwljk ,rjkt+%& ckt+ yksx ;s dgrs gSa fd lquu vcwnkn esa
blh rjg dh ,d eq[+rfyQ+ g+nhl&u0&2199 et+dwj gS ftlesa
rkl dgrs gSa fd vcw lg~ck ukeh ,d k[+l tks g+t+jr bCus
v+Cckl jft+0 ls cgqr T+;knk loky fd;k djrk Fkk mlus dgk
D;k vkids b+Ye esa gS fd dksbZ vkneh viuh choh dks eqckkjr
ls igys rhu rykd+sa ns nsrk gS rks ,slh rykd+ dks gqtwj lYy0
o g+t+jr vcw c fln~nhd+ vkSj 'kq# nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r g+t+jr m+ej
jft+0 ,d gh kqekj fd;k djrs Fks rks bCus v+Cckl jft+0 us
dgk gkA ckt+ yksx bl gnhl dks nyhy cukdj isk djrs gSa
fd bl rjg dh rhu rykd+ksa dks ,d d+jkj fn;k tkrk Fkk rks
blds rhu tckc gSa&

igyk tckc%& nksuksa g+nhlsa eqf[+rfyQ+ gSa igyh g+nhl esa vcw
lg~ck dk loky en[k+wyk dh rhu rykd+ ds eqrv+fYyd+ Fkk vkSj
nwljh g+nhl esa vcw lg~ck dk g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls
loky x+Sj en[kw+yk dh rhu rykd+ ds eqrv+fYyd+ Fkk ;kuh nks
loky vyx&vyx oD+rksa esa g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls fd;s
x;s vkSj nksuksa ds vyx&vyx tokc g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0
us Q+jkge fd;s tSlk fd g+nhl ikd esa et+dwj gS fd vcw lg~ck
ukeh k[+l tks g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls cgqr T+;knk loky
fd;k djrk Fkk rks t+kfgj gS fd vcw lg~ck us en[k+wyk vkSj x+Sj
en[kw+yk nksuksa ds eqrv+fYyd+ g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls
eqrQ+fjZd+ vkSd+kr esa loky fd;k gks vkSj g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl
jft+0 us nksuksa rjg ds lokyksa dk tokc eqrQ+fjZd+ vkSd+kr esa
vyx&vyx fn;k vkSj bRrsQ+kd+ ls nksuksa rjg ds lokyks dk
tokc ,d gh gS ;kuh en+[k+wyk vkSj xS+j en+[kw+yk dh rhu rykd+sa
gqtwj lYy0 vkSj g+t+jr vcw c fln~nhd+ vkSj g+t+jr m+ej
jft+0 ds bfCrnkbZ nks ;k rhu lky rd ,d oD+r dh rhu
rykd+sa ,d gh kqekj dh tkrh FkhaA

nwljk tokc%& tks g+nhl ,rjkt+ ds rkSj ij nyhy cukdj isk

dh tkrh gS oks flQ+Z ,d txg ntZ gS tcfd esjh et+dwjk
g+nhl lquu ulkbZ es ,d vcwnkn esa ,d vkSj eqfLye esa rhu
 35
Okkfjn gSa ftlesa okts+g c;ku gS fd en[kw+yk eqrYyd+k dh rhu
bdV~Bh rykdsa+ ,d dh tkfuc ykSVkbZ tkrh Fkha ;kuh ,d
etfyl dh rhu rykd+sa ,d gh rlyhe dh tkrh Fkh vkSj ,d
ij ikp g+nhl dks Q+kSfd+;r g+kfly gS vkSj ;s d+oh vkSj eqd+n~ne
ds njts esa vkrh gSa rks lkfcr gqvk fd vcwnkn esa okfjn x+Sj
en[kw+yk dh rhu rykd+sa ,d cuk nh tkrh Fkh t+bZQ+ ds ntsZ eas
vkrh gSA

rhljk tokc%& rhljh nyhy lgh eqfLye esa g+nhl ds jkoh

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 gSa rks lgh vkSj t+bZQ+ dh rQ+jhd+ esa
[k+kl k[+l vke k[+l ij Q+t+hyr j[krk gS rks bl fygkt+ ls
Hkh tks g+nhl bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls fjok;r gS oks eksv+roj vkSj
lg+hg+ ds ntsZ esa gS ftlesa ljhg vkSj okt+sg c;ku gS fd en[kw+yk
eqrYyd++k dh rhu rykdsa+ gqtwj lYy0 ds v+gns eqckjd vkSj
nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r g+t+jr vcw c fln~nhd+ vkSj g+t+jr m+ej jft+0
ds nkSjs f[kykQ+r ds bfCrnkbZ nks ;k rhu lky rd rhu bdV~Bh
rykd+sa ,d dh tkfuc ykSVkbZ tkrh FkhaA

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 c;ku djrs gSa fd gqtwj

lYy0 ds t+ekuk v+gn eqckjd esa vkSj vcw c fln~nhd+
jft0 ds t+ekuk f[k+ykQ+r esa vkSj gt+jr m+ej jft+0 ds
t+ekuk f[k+ykQ+r esa nks ;k rhu cjl rd ,slk vEj Fkk fd tc
dksbZ ;dckjxh rhu rykd+sa ns nsrk Fkk rks oks ,d gh kqekj dh
tkrh Fkh fQj g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 us dgk fd yksxks us tYnh
djuk kq: dh mlesa ftlesa mudks eqgyr feyh Fkh lks ge
mldks vxj tkjh dj nsa rks equkflc gS fQj mUgksausa tkjh dj
fn;k ;kuh gqDe ns fn;k fd tks ,d ckjxh rhu rykd+ ns rks
rhuks okdS+v+ gks xbaZA
eqfLye&lg+h&4@100&g0&3673 nkjdqruh&lquu&3@283&
g0&4028 g+kfde&vyeqLrnjd&2@234&g0&2852 cSgd+h&
lquu dqcjk&9@456&g0&14972 vLd+ykuh&cqywx+qyejke&
&2@698&g0&917 r+lhj&dqjrch&&2@170 r+lhj&
&et+gjh&1@430 tykyqn~nhu l;wrh&nqjsZ eUlwj&1@720
 36
et+dwjk g+nhl ikd ds et+ewu okts+g gqvk fd g+t+jr m+ej
jft+0 dk ;s [kqn dk Q+Slyk Fkk fd vxj fdlh us ,d oD+r esa
rhu bdV~Bh rykd+sa nh rks rhu gh okd+Sv+ gks tk;saxh vkius ;s
ugha Q+jek;k fd ;s QS+lyk uch djhe lYy0 dk Q+Slyk Fkk
vkSj vkius oD+r vkSj g+kykr ds rd+kt+s ds eqrkfcd+ ;s QS+lyk
fy;k tks kjbZ cqfu;kn ij Fkk fd tc yksx dqjku ls [ksyus yxs
vkSj vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds jlwy gqtwj lYy0 ds gqDe dh
ijokg fd;s cx+Sj f[k+ykQ+s lqUur rjhd+s ls rhu bdV~Bh rykd+sa
nsus yxs rks vkius mudks rkt+hj lt+k nsus dh fu;r o ed+ln
ls ;s Q+Slyk fy;k rkfd yksx dqjku o lqUur ds f[k+ykQ+ rykd+
nsus ls ckt+ vk tk;sa vkSj vYykg o jlwy dh ukQ+jekuh ls
btfrukc djrs gq;s dqjku o lqUur ds eqrkfcd+ rykd+ nsa vkSj
bl QS+lys esa rkt+hj ;s Fkh fd tc rhu rykd+ksa dks rhu gh
okdS+v+ d+jkj fn;k tk;sxk rks mudk g+d+s jqtwv+ lkfd+r gks
tk;sxk vkSj oks jqtwv+ u dj ldsaxs vkSj muds fy;s ;s rkt+hj
gksxh vkidk ;s vd+nke rkt+hjh o btfrgknh o fl;klh vkSj
nk;js kjhv+r ds eqrkfcd+ Fkk u fd f[k+ykQ+s lqUurA

&% et+dwjk g+nhl ij ,rjkt+ %&

ckt+ yksx ;s dgrs gSa fd vxj bl g+nhl dks lg+hg+ eku
Hkh fy;k tk;s fd uch djhe lYy0 ds v+gns eqckjd vkSj
g+t+jr vcw c fln~nhd+ jft+0 ds nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r vkSj g+t+jr
m+ej jft+0 ds nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r ds nks ;k rhu lky rd ,d
etfyl dh rhu rykd+ksa dks ,d gh kqekj fd;k tkrk Fkk rks
D;k g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 us f[k+ykQ+s lqUur dke fd;k tks rhu
rykd+ksa dks rhu gh okdS+v+ gksus dk gqDe lkfnj Q+jeka fn;kA
tokc%& g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 us d+rbZ f[k+ykQ+s kjv+ dke ugha
fd;k cfYd nk;js dqjkuks lqUur ds rgr vius reke mewj dks
vUtke fn;k ftl rjg gqtwj lYy0 dh g;krs rb;ck esa ;s
okD+;k isk vk;k fd ,d k[+l us viuh choh dks ,d etfyl
esa rhu bdV~Bh rykd+sa ns nh tc vki lYy0 dks bl ckr dh
[k+cj gqbZ rks ;s ckr lqudj vki [kM+s gks x;s vkSj xqLls esa
 37

Q+jekus yxs fd D;k dqjku ls [ksyk tk jgk gS gkykfd eSa rqEgkjs

njfe;ku vHkh ekStwn gw bl rjg ds g+kykr fnu c fnu c<+rs
pys x;s g+Rrk fd g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 ds nkSjs f[k+ykQ++r esa rhu
bdV~Bh rykd+ nsus okyksa dh dljr gks xbZ vkSj yksx dqjku o
lqUur ds f[k+ykQ+ rykd+ nsus yxs rks g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 tks
fd ml oD+r [k+yhQ++k Fks vkius yksxksa dks vYykg o jlwy dh
ukQ+jekuh ls btfrukc djus vkSj dqjku o lqUur ds eqrkfcd+
rykd+ nsus dh yksxksa es jx+cr iSnk djus ds lcc rkt+hjh o
btfrgknh o kjbZ cqfu;kn ds rgr ;s QS+lyk ukfQ+t+ dj fn;k
fd vxj fdlh us ,d oD+r esa rhu rykd+sa nha rks rhu gh okdS+v+
gks tk;asxha vkSj oks g+d+s jqtwv+ ls eg+:e dj fn;s tk;saxs rkfd
yksx Mj tk;sa vkSj dqjku o lqUur dh rjQ+ ekby gksa vkSj mlh
ds eqrkfcd+ rykd+ nsa vkidk ;s QS+lyk g+d+ o nqjLr vkSj dqjku
o lqUur ds eqokfQ+d+ Fkk u fd f[k+ykQ+s lqUur Fkk g+t+jr m+ej
jft+0us kjhv+r esa dbZ u;s vEj tkjh fd;s tks fd gqtwj
lYy0 dh g;krs rb;ck esa u Fks elyu uekt+s rjkohg dk
ck tekv+r ls vnk djuk gkykfd uch djhe lYy0 ds v+gns
eqckjd esa uekt+s rjkohg tekv+r ds lkFk ugha i<+h tkrh Fkh
ysfdu g+t+jr m+ej us gqtwj lYy0 ds folky eqckjd ds ckn
uekt+s rjkohg dks tekv+r ds lkFk vnk djus dk QS+lyk fy;k
tks fd eqlyekuksa ds g+d+ esa csgrj vkSj uQ++kc[+k vkSj ckbls
vTjks [k+Sj lkfcr gqvk Bhd blh rjg g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 dk
dksbZ QS+lyk f[k+ykQ+s lqUur u Fkk cfYd eqlyekuksa dh jkguqekbZ
vkSj bLykg ds fy;s FkkA
&% nwljk ,rjkt+ %&
ckt+ yksx ;s dgrs gSa fd g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 ds bl
Q+Slys ij tqeyk lgkck&,& fdjke dk btekv+ gks x;k Fkk
vkSj fdlh us Hkh bl QS+lys dh eq[k+kfyQ+r ugha dh blfy;s vc
Hkh bl Q+Slys dh eq[k+kfyQ+r nqjLr ughaA

tokc%& oD+r ds rd+kt+s o g+kykr ds en~nsut+j tks QS+lys fy;s

tkrs gSa ;k tks btfrgknh vd+nke yksxksa dh bLykg ds lcc
 38
mBk;s tkrs gSa rks oks t+:jh ugha fd geskk nk;e o d+k;e jgsa
oD+r vkSj g+kykr ds rdkt+s ds eqrkfcd+ muesa rCnhfy;k Hkh dh
tkrh gSa vkSj vkt g+kykr ;s gSa fd elyk&,&rykd+ ij dqjkuks
lqUur dh jkskuh esa rCnhyh ,d vge t+:jr gS vkt fdrus
?kj gSa tks cckZn gks jgs gSa fdrus cPps vius ek ;k cki ls tqnk
gks jgs gSa vkSj oks vius g+d+ ls eg+:e gSa mUgsa vius ek cki dh
v+ySg+nxh dh lwjr esa mudk I;kj vkSj csgrj rkyhe vkSj
rjfc;r e;Llj ugha eqrYyd+k v+kSjrksa dks nksckjk vPNk kkSgj
rykk djus esa knhn ijskkfu;ksa vkSj nqokfj;ksa ls nks pkj gksuk
iM+ jgk gS ckt+ vkSd+kr rks v+kSjr dks vPNk kkSgj u feyus dh
lwjr esa bfUQ+jknh rdyhQ+ o eqfdykr vkSj ijskkfu;ksa Hkjh
ft+Unxh xqt+kjuk iM+ jgh gS vkSj ckt+ vkSd+kr eqrYyd+k rykd+
;k+rk v+kSjrksa dks csgrj [k+kfoUn u feyus dh lwjr esa fQj oks
et+cwju ,sls [k+kfoUn ls fudkg+ dj ysrh gS tks mUgsa d+rv+u
ilUn ugha ;k tks muds vg~y ugha vkSj bl rjg eqrYyd+k
v+kSjrksa dh ft+Unxh cckZn gks tkrh gSA

feYyrs bLyke gesa ;s rjx+hc vkSj rYd+hu djrk gS

fd Q+jhd+Su dks eqRrfgn djks u fd muesa ckge rQ+jhd+ ;k
tqnkbZ vkSj gekjs nhu bLyke dk rjhd+k gS fd nks fnyksa dks
tksM+dj fQj ls feykuk u fd muesa cqX+t+ o uQ+jr iSnk djuk
vkSj rQ+jhd+ o tqnkbZ dh nhokj [kM+h djuk blfy;s bu reke
g+kykr ds en~ns ut+j vkSj oD+r ds rd+kt+s dks t+gu es j[krs gq;s
ge reke vgys b+Ye dks pkfg;s elyk&,&rykd+ ij x+kSj djrs
gq;s dqqjku o vgknhl dh jkskuh es rhu rykd+ dks ,d rlyhe
djus vkSj ,d gh okdS+v+ djus dk gqDe ukfQ+t+ djsa rkfd yksx
g+d+s jqtwv+ ls eg+:e u gksa vkSj fe;k&choh es rQ+jhd+ dh ctk;
jqtwv+ dh rjQ+ jx+cr c<+s vkSj jqtwv+ djus okyksa dh rknkn esa
dlhj bt+kQ+k gks vkSj fe;k&choh vkSj mudh vkSykn ,d
[kqkgky o vkckn ft+Unxh xqt+kjsaA

g+t+jr egewn fcu ychn jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd

uch djhe lYy0 dks fdlh vkneh ds eqrv+fYyd+ ;s [k+cj nh
xbZ fd ml k[+l us viuh choh dks ,d gh oD+r esa rhu rykd+sa
 39

ns Mkyh gSa ;s ckr lqudj vki lYy0 [kM+s gks x;s vkSj xqLls
esa Q+jekus yxs fd D;k fdrkcYykg dqjku ls [ksy gks jgk gS
gkykfd eSa vHkh rqe yksxksa ds njfe;ku ekStwn gw ;s ckr lqudj
,d k[+l [kM+k gqvk vkSj v+t+Z djus yxk ;k jlwyqYykg eSa
mldk d+Ry dj MkywA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@462&g0&3433 vLd+ykuh&cqywx+qyejke&
2@699&g0&918 nkj dqruh&lquu&3@257&g0&2945
fedkr&2@132&g0&3150 r+lhj et+gjh&1@430
r+lhj bCus dlhj&2@331

ot+kgr%& et+dwjk g+nhl ls okt+sg gqvk fd ,d etfyl dh

rhu rykd+sa kjhv+r dh fuxkg esa knhn tqeZ gS ,d etfyl esa
rhu rykd+sa nsus ij uch djhe lYy0 dk xqLlk vkSj ukjkt+
gksuk bl ckr dh rjQ+ bkkjk dj jgk gS fd ,d etfyl dh
rhu rykd+sa vYykg o jlwy ds ut+nhd l[+r uk ilanhnk vkSj
vEjs xqukg o g+jke gSa vkSj ,sls Q+sv+y ds eqjrfdc dks lgkck dk
d+Ry ds fy;s vkeknk gks tkuk Hkh bl rjQ+ bkkjk dj jgk gS
fd rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ nsus okyk eqtfje o l[+r xqukgxkj gS
D;ksafd oks vYykg o jlwy dh ukQ+jekuh vkSj f[k+ykQ++ ot+hZ
djus dk eqjrfdc gSA

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls ejoh gS fd g+t+jr jqdkuk

jft+0 us viuh choh dks ,d etfyl esa rhu rykd+sa ns nh fQj
oks l[+r x+exhu gq;s tc uch djhe lYy0 dks ;s [k+cj gqbZ rks
g+t+jr jqdkuk ls nj;k+r Q+jek;k&fd rqeus fdl rjg rykd+
nh gS v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg lYy0 eSaus rhu rykd+sa ns nh gSa
vki lYy0 us Q+jek;k&D;k ,d etfyl esa nh gSa g+t+jr
jqdkuk us tokc fn;k gk ,d etfyl esa nh gSa fQj vki
lYy0 us Q+jek;k ;s rhu rykd+sa ,d etfyl dh ,d gh gqbZ
gSa vxj rw pkgrk gS rks choh ls jqtwv+ djys g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl
jft+0 tks g+nhl ds jkoh gSa Q+jekrs gSa fd g+t+jr jqdkuk jft+0
us jqtwv+ dj fy;kA ;s g+nhl lun ds ,rokj ls fcYdqy lg+hg+
gS vkSj ;s g+nhl ul ljhg+ dh g+Sfl;r j[krh gSA
 40

vg+en fcu g+Ecy&vy eqLun&2@165&g0&2387 cSgd+h&

lquu dqcjk&9@463&g0&14987 tykyqn~nhu l;wrh&nqjsZ eUlwj
&1@721 fQ+d+k&vg+efn;k&2@80
beke g+kfQt++ bCus g+tj v+Ld++ykuh Q+Rg+qy ckjh esa blh
g+nhl ds eqrv+fYyd+ fy[krs gSa fd ,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+
ds ,d gksus esa ;s g+nhl ,slh ul lg+hg+ gS ftlesa rkohy dh
xqat+kbk ugha tks nwljksa esa dh tkrh gS vkSj ;s rykd+ lyklk
rhu rykd+ ds ,d rykd+ gksus dk csgrjhu lcwr gSA
Q+Rg+qyckjh&22@26
&% et+dwjk g+nhl ij ,rjkt+ %&
vDlj eq[k+kfyQ+hu dgrs gSa fd g+t+jr jqdkuk jft+0 dks ckt+
yksx vius nkos esa isk djrs gSa mudk ;s bLrnyky x+yr o cs
cqfu;knh gS fd g+t+jr jqdkuk us viuh choh dks rhu bdV~Bh
rykd+sa nha rks gqtwj lYy0 us mls ,d d+jkj fn;k ;s fjok;r
t+bZQ+k gS D;ksafd vly okD+;k bl rjg gS fd ukQ+Sv+ fcu m+t+Sj
fcu ;t+hn fcu jqdkuk ls ejoh gS fd g+t+jr jqdkuk us viuh
choh lqgsek dks rykd+ cRrk nh fQj uch djhe lYy0 dks
bldh [k+cj nh xbZ vkSj g+t+jr jqdkuk us dgk vYykg dh
d+le eSaus mlls ,d rykd+ dk gh bjknk fd;k Fkk rks gqtwj
lYy0 us Q+jek;k d+le ls rwus flQ+Z ,d dk gh bjknk fd;k
Fkk rks g+t+jr jqdkuk us dgk vYykg dh d+le eSaus ,d gh dk
bjknk fd;k Fkk rks uch vdje lYy0 us mldh choh dks ml
ij ykSVk fn;k FkkA vcw nkn&6@686&g0&2206

il ;s nyhy gS fd vxj rhu eqjkn yh gksrh rks rhu gh

okdS+v+ gksrh ojuk d+le ysus ds D;k ek;uh vkSj oks fjok;r tks
eq[k+kfyQ+hu c;ku djrs gSa oks fjok;r t+bZQ+k gS vkSj ;s fjok;r
lg+hg+ gS ftldks geus eqd+n~ne fd;k gS vkSj gks ldrk gS fd
fjok;r t+bZQ+k okys us ;s le>rs gq;s fd y+t+ cRrk rhu rykd+
dk Hkh rd+kt+k djrk gS ;s ek;uh le>rs gq;s mlus rhu rykd+
ls fjok;r dj nh gkykfd blesa mUgksaus x+yrh dh gSA
 41

tokc%& et+dwjk reke nykby x+Sj eqv+rcj vkSj lg+hg+ dh

nyhy ds fy;s dkQ+h ugha gSa et+dwjk g+nhl t+bZQ+ gS ftlesa
jqdkuk dh d+le dk ft+ gS vkSj ;s g+nhl d+oh vkSj gqTtr
ugha cu ldrh D;ksafd lquu vcw nkn esa gh nwljh ,d vkSj
g+nhl ekStwn gS ftlesa vcw jqdkuk us mEes jqdkuk dks ,d
etfyl esa rhu rykd+sa nh Fkh ftldks gqtwj lYy0 us ,d
d+jkj nsrs gq;s vcw jqdkuk ls Q+jek;k fd viuh choh ls jqtwv+
dj yks bl rjg ls nks vg+knhl dk et+ewu ,d tSlk gh gS fd
,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+ksa dks gqtwj lYy0 us ,d d+jkj
nsrs gq;s jqtwv+ dh jx+cr fnykbZ tcfd ,d g+nhl esa d+le ysus
ds ckn rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ksa dks ,d dh tkfuc ykSVk;k rks
okts+g+ gqvk fd tc nks vg+knhl ds et+ewu dk ek;uh vkSj
eQ+gwe ,d gh rjQ+ bkkjk dj jgk gks rks nks ij ,d Q+kSfd+;r
ugha ys ldrh tcfd lg+hg+ vkSj gd+hd+r ;s gS fd ,d ij
nks geskk eqd+n~ne vkSj d+oh gksrs gS bl ljhg vkSj okt+sg+
nyhy ls lkfcr gqvk fd gqtwj lYy0 ,d etfyl dh rhu
rykd+ksa dks ,d gh rykd+ d+jkj nsrs vkSj rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ksa
dks ,d dh tkfuc ykSVk nsrs FksA nwljh g+nhl eqUnjtk t+Sy gS&

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls ,d rohy g+nhl esa fjok;r gS&

fd vcw jqdkuk us viuh choh dks rykd+ ns nh rks uch djhe
lYy0 us Q+jek;k fd jqtwv+ dj yks rks oks dgus yxs fd ,s
vYykg ds jlwy eSaus mls rhu rykd+sa nh gSa fQj vki lYy0
us Q+jek;k eq>s ekywe gS mlls jqtwv+ dj yks vkSj ;s vk;r
frykor Q+jekbZ&^^bt+k rYyd+rqequ fulkvk Q+rfYyd+w gqUuk fy
b+n~nfr fgUuk**&&&&lw0&rykd+&1 tc rqe v+kSjrksa dks rykd++
nsuk pkgks rks b+n~nr ds oD+r rykd+ fn;k djksA
vcw nkn&lquu&2@676&g0&2196
v+CnqjZTt+kd&vy eqlfUuQ+&6@390&g0&11334
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@462&g0&14986
vLd+ykuh&cqywx+qyejke&2@700&g0&919
 42
eqgEen fcu v+Cckn fcu tkQ+j c;ku djrs gSa fd eq>s eqRrfyc
fcu g+Urc us cryk;k fd mUgksaus viuh choh dks rykd+ cRrk
nh fQj oks g+t+jr m+ej fcu [k+Rrkc jft+0 ds ikl vk;s vkSj
muls bl ckr dk rt+fdjk fd;k rks vki jft+0 us Q+jek;k&
fdl ckr us rqEgsa ,slk djus ij mHkkjk gS dgrs gSa fd eSus dgk
vius bjkns ls gh fd;k gS rks g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 us Q+jek;k&
fd viuh choh dks vius ikl gh jksds j[kks D;ksafd ,d rykd+
fjrs dks ugha rksM+rhA eqLun beke kkQ+bZ&1@442

Q+okbn o elkby%&rykd+ cRrk ;kuh ,slh rykd+ ftlesa jqtwv+

dk g+d+ dV tk;s cRrk dk ek;uh dkV nsuk] VqdMs+&VqdM+s dj
nsuk] tqnk dj nsuk gS v+gns fjlkyr esa rykd+ cRrk dk y+t+
,d gh erZck rhu rykd+sa nsus ds eQ+gwe esa bLrseky gksrk Fkk
bl ,rokj ls ,d oD+r esa rhu rykd+sa nsuk ;k rykd+s cRrk
nksuksa dk eryc ,d gh gS rykd+ nsus okyk ;s dgs fd eSa rq>s
rykd+ cRrk nsrk gw ;kuh ,slh rykd+ ftles jqtwv+ ugha ;kuh
viuk rv+kYyqd+ iwjh rjg ls dkVrk gw blls eqjkn rhu rykd+
;k vk[k+jh rhljh rykd+ gS ftlds ckn choh ckbuk gks tkrh gSA
rRyhd+ lyklk elys ij eq[k+kfyQ+hu ds dbZ ,rjkt+kr
vkSj nykby gS exj oks uk dkQ+h o det+ksj vkSj x+Sj eqv+rcj gSa
tks lg+hg+ gqTtr dh cqfu;kn ij csvlj vkSj t+bZQ+ gSa ftuesa
pUn eqUnjtk t+Sy gSa&
&% eq[k+kfyQ+hu ds nykby %&
nyhy u0 1 %&
gt+jr moSfej jft+0 gqtwj lYy0 dh f[k+ner esa g+kft+j gq;s
vkSj v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg Q+jekb;s fd vxj dksbZ k[+l
viuh choh ds lkFk fdlh vtuch dks ik;s rks D;k djs mls
d+Ry dj ns ;k D;k djs uch djhe lYy0 us Q+jek;k fcyk
kqck vYykg rv+kyk us rsjs vkSj rsjs choh ds eqv+keys esa dqjku
ukft+y Q+jeka fn;k il tk vkSj mls ys vk pqukpk mu nksuks us
ykv+u fd;k tc oks nksuks Q+kfjx+ gks x;s rks moSfej us dgk fd
,s vYykg ds jlwy vxj eSa vc bldks vius ikl j[kwxk rks
 43
bldk eryc ;s gksxk fd eaSus blds ckcr >wB cksyk gS gkykfd
eSaus bl ij >wB ugha cksyk gS fQj gqtwj lYy0 ds gqDe nsus
ls igys gh moSfej us viuh choh dks rhu bdV~Bh rykd+sa ns nha
vcw nkn&lquu&2@712&g0&2245

il vc vxj dksbZ et+dwjk g+nhl dks nyhy cuk;s vkSj

dgs fd gqtwj lYy0 ds lkeus rhu rykd+sa bdV~Bh nh xbZa
vkSj gqtwj lYy0 us mls ,d rykd+ dh tkfuc ugha ykSVk;kA

tokc%& bldk tokc ;s gS fd ykv+u nk;eh rykd+ ds gqDe esa

gS ykv+u ds ckn tks tqnkbZ gksrh gS oks rykd+ eqx+fYyt+k ls Hkh
T+;knk knhn rj gS ykv+u enZ ds ,d ;k rhu rykd+ nsus dh
d+rv+u eqg+rkt ugha cfYd mUgksaus rhu rykd+ nsdj vius fny
dh HkM+kl vkSj xq+Llk t+kfgj fd;k ykv+u ds ckn cx+Sj rykd+
ds Hkh tqnkbZ gks tkrh gS ykv+u ds ckn mu fe;k&choh ds
bdV~Bk gksus dh dksbZ lwjr ugha cprh g+Rrk fd ykv+u dh lwjr
esa v+kSjr dks erkv+ Hkh ugha fn;k tkrk vkSj vkSykn dk ulc Hkh
eqUrfd+y gks tkrk gSA

nyhy u0&2 %&

g+t+jr Q+kfrek fcUrs dS+l jft+0 Q+jekrh gSa eq>s esjs kkSgj us
rhu rykd+sa nha rks gqtwj lYy0 us esjs fy;sesjs kkSgj ds ft+Ees
u fjgk;k j[kh vkSj u uQ+d+k ulkbZ lquu&2@464&g0&3436

il et+dwjk nyhy ls okt+sg+ gS fd uch djhe lYy0

us Q+kfrek fcUrs d+Sl dh rhu rykd+ksa dks rhu gh rlyhe fd;k
vxj rhu dh otk; ,d rlyhe dh tkrh rks g+t+jr Q+kfrek
fcUrs dS+l dks mlds kkSgj dh rjQ+ ls uku o uQ+d+k nsus dk
gqDe gksrkA

tokc%& g+t+jr Q+kfrek fcUrs dS+l ds kkSgj us g+t+jr Q+kfrek

fcUrs dS+l dks rhljh vkSj vkf[k+jh rykd+ nh Fkh tks fd eqUnjtk
t+Sy gS&
 44
g+t+jr ve: g+t+jr v+yh jft+0 ds lkFk ;eu x;s vkSj viuh
choh Q+kfrek fcUrs dS+l dks dgyk Hkstk ,d rykd+ tks mldh
rykd+ksa esa ckd+h Fkh ;kuh nks igys nh tk pqdh Fkha vkSj gkfjl
vkSj v+;kk nksuksa dks dgyk Hkstk fd mldks uQ+d+k nsuk mu
nksuksa us dgk fd rq>s uQ+d+k ugh igqprk fd tc rd rw g+keyk
u gks fQj oks uch djhe lYy0 dh f[k+ner esa g+kft+j gqbZ vkSj
muls g+kfjl oxS+jkg dh ckr dk ft+ fd;k rks vki lYy0 us
Q+jek;k&rq>dks uQ+d+k ugha vkSj mUgksaus nwljs ?kj pys tkus dh
btkt+r pkgh vki lYy0 us Q+jek;k&mEes eDrwe ds ?kj pyh
tk oks ukchuk gSaA eqfLye&lg+h&4@12&g0&3704

et+dwjk g+nhl ls okt+sg vkSj lkfcr gqvk fd g+t+jr

Q+kfrek fcUrs d+Sl ds kkSgj us rhu rykd+sa eqrQ+fjZd+ vkSd+kr esa
nh Fkha vkSj jgk loky uku o uQ+d+k dk rks blesa vlgkc dk
bf[+rykQ+ gS g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 rhu rykd+ okyh dks uku o
uQ+d+k fnyokrs Fks vkSj Q+jekrs Fks fd ge ugha NksM+rs vYykg
dh fdrkc vkSj vius uch dh lqUur ,d v+kSjr ds d+kSy ls fd
gedks ekywe ugha fd mlus ;kn j[kk ;k Hkwy xbZ vkSj mEeqy
eksfeuhu g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 us Q+kfrek fcUrs dS+l
dh bl ckr dk bUdkj fd;k fd eqrYyd+k rykd+ ;k+rk dks
uQ+d+k o lduk ugha feysxkA

et+dwjk vg+knhl o nykby ls lkfcr gqvk fd gqtwj

lYy0 ds v+gns eqckjd esa rhu bdV~Bh rykd+sa ,d gh d+jkj
ikrh Fkha vkSj mUgsa jqtwv+ dh rjQ+ jx+cr fnykbZ tkrh Fkh vki
lYy0dh f[k+ner es rhu rykd+ ds ftrus Hkh ekeys isk gq;s
muesa rhu eqrkQ+fjZd vkSd+kr esa nh gqbZ rhu rykd+ksa dks rhu
kqekj fd;k x;k vkSj rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ksa dks ,d gh kqekj
fd;k x;k fdlh g+nhl esa ljhg+ rkSj ij bl ckr dk [kq+yklk
ugha gS fd rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ksa dks gqtwj lYy0 us rhu gh
rlyhe fd;k gks tcfd bl ckr dk okt+sg+ c;ku vkSj [kq+yklk
dbZ vg+knhl esa et+dwj gS fd ,d oD+r dh rhu rykd+ksa dks
gqtwj lYy0 us ,d rykd+ jtbZ d+jkj fn;kA
 45
m+Eer ds fy;s gqTtr kjZbv+k flQ+Z vkSj flQ+Z uch djhe
lYy0 dk eqckjd nkSj gS tcfd kjhv+r ukft+y vkSj eqdEey
gqbZ g+t+jr beke ekfyd jg+0 Q+jekrs gSa bl m+Eer dk vkf[k+jh
nkSj Hkh mlh ls bLykg it+hj gksxk ftlds t+fj;s ls mlds
vOoy dh bLykg gqbZ Fkh v+gns fjlkyr ekc lYy0 o v+gns
vcw c fln~nhd+ o v+gns m+ej jft+0 ds bfCrnkbZ nks rhu
lky rd ,d etfyl dh rhu rykd+ksa dks ,d gh kqekj fd;k
tkrk Fkk blfy;s ;gh elyd lg+hg+ vkSj csgrj gS vkSj elyk&
,&rRyhd+ lyklk ij voke dh bLykg dk g+y Hkh ;gh gS
vDlj yksx rykd+ ds lqUur rjhd+s ls cs [k+cj gksus ds lcc
,d oD+r esa rhu rykd+sa nsrs gS blfy;s rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ksa dks
,d gh kqekj djus dk kjbZ dkuwu ukfQ+t+ fd;k tk;s vkSj enZ
dks jqtwv+ dk g+d+ fn;k tk;s ;s reke m+Eer ds g+d+ esa csgrj
vkSj Q+k;nsean lkfcr gksxkA
dqjku ethn esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&
fQj vxj fdlh vEj esa rqe ckge bf[+rykQ+ djus yxks rks ml
vEj dks vYykg vkSj jlwy dh rjQ+ gokyk dj fy;k djks vxj
rqe vYykg ij vkSj ;kses d+;ker ij bZeku j[krs gks ;s mewj
lc ls csgrj gSa vkSj budk vUtke [kqkrj gSA lw0&fulk&59

&% g+ykyk 'kjbZ %&

Q+bu rYyd+kgk Q+yk rfg+Yyw ygw fee ckv+fn g+Rrk rfUdg+k
t+kstu x+Sjkg0&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&lw0&cd+jkg&230
rtqZek&fQj vxj mlus rhljh erZck rykd+ ns nh rks mlds
ckn oks mlds fy;s g+yky u gksxh ;gk rd fd oks fdlh vkSj
ds lkFk fudkg+ dj ys fQj vxj oks nwljk kkSgj Hkh rykd+
ns ns rks vc bu nksuksa ;kuh igyk kkSgj vkSj mldh choh ij
dksbZ xqukg u gksxk oks nksckjk fjrk t+ksft;r esa iyV tk;asA

uch vdje lYy0 us yv+ur Q+jekbZ xqnokus okyh

ij vkSj ckyksa esa cky feykus okys vkSj feykus okyh ij vkSj lwn
[kkus okys vkSj lwn f[kykus okys ij vkSj g+ykyk djus okys ij
 46
vkSj ftlds fy;s g+ykyk fd;k tkrk gS ml ij yv+ur Q+jekbZA
ulkbZ &lquu&2@469&g0&3448
cSgd+h& lquu dqcjk&90@155&g0&14185

ot+kg+r%& et+dwjk ckyk g+nhl dk eQ+gwe bl rjQ+ bkkjk dj

jgk gS fd ftl g+ykys dh fu;r nqjLr u gks ;kuh oks g+ykyk
tks g+hyk vkSj Q+jsc ij eqrfey gks rks oks v+Yykg vkSj mlds
jlwy ds ut+nhd yv+urh o uk ilanhnk Q+sv+y gS elyu vxj
dksbZ k[+l fdlh eqrYyd+k rykd+ ;k+rk v+kSjr ls bl fu;r
vkSj bjkns ds lkFk fudkg+ djs fd ckn eqckkj+r mldks rykd+
ns nwxk rkfd eqrYyd+k v+kSjr vius igys [k+kfoUn ds fy;s g+yky
gks tk;s rks ,slk g+ykyk djus okys vkSj ftlds fy;s g+ykyk
fd;k x;k gks mu nksuks ij vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy dh yv+ur
gS tks enZ ;k v+kSjr flQ+Z g+ykyk dh fu;r ls fudkg+ djs oks
vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds gchc lYy0 dh yv+ur dk
eqLrfg+d+ gS vkSj vxj dksbZ enZ ;k v+kSjr g+ykyk dh fu;r ls
fudkg+ u djs cfYd rk mez vkckn jgus dh fu;r vkSj jx+cr
ls fudkg+ djs vkSj bRrQ+kd+u rykd+ gks tk;s rks oks bl yv+ur
ls [k+kfjt+ gSA

vDlj m+Yek ,d oD+r dh rhu rykd+ksa dks rhu gh

okd+Sv+ d+jkj nsrs gq;s fe;k&choh ds njfe;ku rQ+jhd+ tqnkbZ
dk QS+lyk tkjh dj nsrs gS ;k fQj enZ dks g+ds+ jqtwv+ ls eg+:e
djrs gq;s g+ykyk kjbZ djus dh jk; nsrs gSa tcfd vktdy
jkbt Q+sv+ys g+ykyk x+Sj kjbZ cqfu;knksa vkSj g+hyk o Q+jsc ij
ecuh x+Sj kjbZ mewj ij eqrfey gksrk gS ;kuh fudkg+ bl
xjt++ vkSj fu;r ls fd;k tk;s fd v+kSjr igys kkSgj ds fy;s
g+yky gks tk;s rks ,slk fudkg+ egt+ ckfry vkSj ,slk g+ykyk
flQ+Z ft+uk gS ftldh vg+knhl esa dljr ls et+Eer vkbZ gSA
vycRrk fudkg+ jx+cr o rk mez lkFk ft+Unxh xqt+kjus vkSj
vkckn jgus dh fu;r ls fd;k tk;s fQj bRrQ+kd+u rykd+ gks
tk;s ;k kkSgj dh oQ+kr gks tk;s rks ,slk g+ykyk nqjLr vkSj
lg+hg+ gSA vkSj blh dks g+ykyk kjbZ dgrs gSaA
 47

&% g+ykyk dh et+Eer esa pUn vgknhl %&

g+t+jr ekSyk v+yh jft+0 Q+jekrs gSa uch djhe lYy0 us
g+ykyk djus okys vkSj djokus okys ij yv+ur Q+jekbZ gSA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@154&g0&14183

g+t+jr tkfcj vkSj g+t+jr ekSyk v+yh jft+vYykgq rv+kyk vUgqe

Q+jekrs gSa fd uch vdje lYy0 us g+ykyk djus okys vkSj
djokus okys ij yv+ur Q+jekbZ gSA frfet+hZ&1@616&g0&1119
bCus ektk&lquu&2@48&g0&1935

g+t+jr md+ck fcu vkfej jft+0 Q+jekrs gSa fd uch djhe

lYy0 us Q+jek;k&D;k eSa rqEgsa m/kkj yk;s x;s lkM ds ckjs esa
c;ku u d: lgkck us v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg D;ksa ugha oks
dkSu gSa vki lYy0 us Q+jek;k g+ykyk djus okyk uht+
Q+jek;k&vYykg rv+kyk us g+ykyk djus okys vkSj g+ykyk
djokus okys ij yv+ur Q+jekbZ gSA cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@156
&g0&14187 g+kfde&vy eqLrnjd&2@238&g0&2863]2864
bCus ektk&lquu&2@48&g0&1936

ukQs+v+ vius okfyn ls ud+y Q+jekrs gSa fd ,d

k[+l g+t+jr bCus m+ej jft+0 ds ikl vk;k vkSj ,sls vkneh ds
eqrv+fYyd+ loky fd;k ftlus viuh choh dks rhu rykd+sa ns nha
Fkha rks mlds HkkbZ us cx+Sj ekojs ls ml v+kSjr ls kknh dj yh
rkfd vius HkkbZ ds fy;s g+yky dj ns rks D;k oks igys kkSgj ds
fy;s g+yky gS rks vius Q+jek;k&ugha exj fudkg+ jx+cr ls gks
ojuk ml fudkg+ dks ge gqtwj lYy0 ds v+gns eqckjd esa ft+uk
kqekj djrs FksA cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@156&g0&14189
g+kfde&vy eqLrnjd&2@238&g0&2865

v+Cnqy efyd fcu eqx+hjk g+t+jr bCus m+ej jft+0 ls ud+y

Q+jekrs gSa fd muls v+kSjr dks [k+kfoUn ds fy;s g+yky djus ds
 48

ckjs esa iwNk x;k rks Q+jek;k&;s ft+uk gSA

cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@156&g0&14190

d+chlk fcu tkfcj Q+jekrs gSa fd g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 us

Q+jek;k&tks g+ykyk djus vkSj djokus okyk esjs ikl yk;k x;k
rks eSa mu nksuksa dks jTe d:xk jTe&iRFkj ekj&ekj dj
gykd djuk] laxlkj djuk
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@156&g0&14191

,d k[+l g+t+jr m+leku fcu v++Q+ku jft+0 ds nkSjs f[k+ykQ+r

esa muds ikl vk;k vkSj v+tZ+ fd;k fd esjs ge lk;s us viuh
choh dks x+qLls dh g+kyr esa rykd+ ns nh gS vc oks ijskku gS
eSaus bjknk fd;k vkSj eSaus ml v+kSjr ls kknh dj yh rkfd oks
igys [k+kfoUn ds ikl okil pyh tk;s rks g+t+jr m+Leku
jft+0 us Q+jek;k&jx+cr ls fudkg+ djks ojuk nqjLr ughaA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@157&g0&14192

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 Q+jekrs gSa fd jlwys vdje lYy0

us yv+ur Q+jekbZ g+ykyk djus okys vkSj g+ykyk djokus okys
ij bCus ektk&lquu&2@47&g0&1934

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu eln jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe

lYy0 us g+ykyk djus okys vkSj djokus okys ij yv+ur
Q+jekbZ gSA frfet+hZ&1@617&g0&1121 fedkr&2@132&g0
&3154 nkjeh&lquu&2@190&g0&2304

g+t+jr lqyseku fcu ;lkj jft+0 Q+jekrs gSa fd g+t+jr m+Leku

fcu v+Qku ds ikl ,d vkneh dk eqv+keyk yk;k x;k ftlus
fdlh v+kSjr ls fudkg+ bl x+jt+ ls fd;k Fkk fd oks v+kSjr dks
mlds [k+kfoUn ds fy;s g+yky dj ns rks mUgksaus nksuks esa rQ+jhd+
djk nh vkSj Q+jek;k&jx+cr ls fudkg+ djks mldks va/ksjs esa j[ks
cx+SjA cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@157&g0&14193
 49

rkjhg %& ftl Qs+v+y ij vYykg rv+kyk vkSj mlds gchc

lYy0 yv+ur Q+jek;sa oks Qs+v+y tkbt+ ugha gks ldrk
et+dwjk reke vg+knhl bl ckr ij nykyr djrh gS fd ftl
fudkg+ esa fu;r vkSj bjknk ;s gks fd ckn eqckkjr rykd+ nwxk
rkfd v+kSjr igys enZ ds fy;s g+yky gks tk;s rks ,slk fudkg+
eg+t+ ckfry o Q+kfln vkSj uktkbt+ o g+jke gS D;ksafd g+jke
;k uktkbt+ Qs+v+y ds eqjrfdc ij gh vYykg o jlwy dh
yv+ur dk bedku gS vkSj fdlh tkbt+ ;k eqckg ;k lqUur
Q+sv+y ij vYykg o jlwy dh yv+ur dk bedku fdlh lwjr
ugha gks ldrk ckt+ m+Yek Q+jekrs gSa vxj fudkg+ esa vkckn
jgus dh jx+cr u gks rks bl rjg v+kSjr igys [k+kfoUn ds fy;s
g+yky ugha gksxh vkSj ,slk g+ykyk x+Sj kjbZ o uktkbt+ gS vkSj
x+Sj jx+cr ls fd;k x;k fudkg+ Q+kfln vkSj ckfry gSA

;gk ,d ckr d+kfcys roTtkS gS fd g+ykyk kjbZ tks

fd dqjku o lqUur ls lkfcr gS vkSj v+kSjr dk igys [k+kfoUn
dk t+ksft;r esa tkus ds fy;s krZ gS rks tkbt+ o eqckg vEj ij
yv+ur D;ksa Q+jekbZ xbZ gkykfd kjhv+rs bLykfe;k esa fdlh
tkbt+ o eqckg vEj ij uk ilanhnxh rks gS vycRrk ykur ugha
gS ,d oks dke tks kjhv+r esa dqjku o lqUur ds eqokfQ+d+
tkbt+ Hkh gks vkSj yv+urh Hkh gks ;s dSls eqfEdu gks ldrk gSS
rks bl vkd+ky dk tokc ;s gS&

fd oks fudkg+ tks jx+cr vkSj rk ft+Unxh vkckn jgus

dh fu;r ls fd;k tk;s vkSj fQj bRrQ+kd+u fdlh vucu ;k
fuckg u gksus dh lwjr ;k nhxj dksbZ vkSj lwjr ds lcc kkSgj
rykd+ ns ns ;k kkSgj dh oQ+kr gks tk;s fQj oks v+kSjr b+n~nr
ls Q+kfjx+ gksus ds ckn igys kkSgj ds fy;s g+yky gks tk;sxh
bl lwjr dks g+ykyk kjbZ dgrs gSa tks dqjku o lqUur ds
eqokfQ+d+ gS ftldk kjhv+rs eqrg~jk us geas gqDe fn;k gS vkSj
bl g+ykyk kjbZ ds ckn v+kSjr vius igys kkSgj ls fudkg+
djds mldh t+ksft;r esa fQj ls nkf[k+y gks ldrh gSA
 50
vxj fudkg+ esa jx+cr o rk mez vkckn jgus dh fu;r u gks
vkSj fudkg+ eg+t+ bl x+jt+ ls fd;k tk;s fd ckn eqckkjr
rykd+ nsus ds ckn v+kSjr igys [k+kfoUn ds fy;s g+yky gks
tk;sxh rks ,slk fudkg+ Q+kfln o ckfry vkSj uktkbt+ gS vkSj
bl lwjr esa g+ykyk kjbZ Hkh ckfry gks tkrk gS vkSj ,sls g+ykys
ij vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy us yv+ur Q+jekbZ gS g+t+jr bCus
m+ej jft+0 bl fd+Le ds g+ykys dks ft+uk kqekj djrs Fks vkSj
gqtwj lYy0 us g+ykyk djus okys dks m/kkj ds lkM ls rkchj
fd;k vkSj g+t+jr m+ej us g+ykyk djus okys vkSj djokus okys ds
fy;s jTe dh lt+k eqd+jZj dh Fkh g+t+jr m+Leku jft+0 us ,sls
g+ykys ds ckn fd;s x;s fudkg+ ds ckn Q+jhd+Su ds njfe;ku
rQ+jhd+ djk nh rks t+jk lkspks vkSj x+kSj djks fd ge yksxksa dks
fdl xUnxh vkSj xqukg vkSj cqjkbZ dh rjQ++ <+dsy jgs gSaA

vkt lwjrs gky ;s gS fd tc yksx ,d oD+r esa rhu

rykd+sa ns nsrs gSa fQj m+Yek ls elyk iwNrs gSa rks gekjs m+Yek
mUgsa g+ykyk dh lykg nsrs gSa gkykfd vxj rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ksa
dks ,d gh d+jkj nsrs gq;s QS+lyk fn;k tkus yxs tks fd dqjku
o lqUur ls lkfcr Hkh gS rks lkjs isphnk elkby g+y gks tk;saxs
vkSj g+ykyk dh ukscr gh ugha vk;sxh vkSj blh esa yksxksa dh
HkykbZ vkSj csgrjh gS D;ksafd tc ,d oD+r dh rhu rykd+ksa dks
,d rykd+ jtbZ kqekj fd;k tk;sxk rks enZ dks jqtwv+ dk g+d+
g+kfly gksxk vc vxj kkSgj pkgs rks jqtwv+ dj ys ;k pkgs rks
NksM+ j[ks ckn b+n~nr v+kSjr ckbuk tqnk gks tk;sxh vkSj bl
rjg x+Sj kjbZ g+ykyk ds bjfrdkc ls yksx egQwt+ jgsaxsA

blfy;s reke m+Yek g+t+jkr dks pkfg;s fd bl elys

ij [k+kl roTtS nsa vkSj yksxksa dks rykd+ dk lqUur rjhd+k crk;sa
vkSj fQj Hkh vxj dksbZ tgkyr ;k csb+Yeh dh otg ls rhu
bdV~Bh rykd+sa ns ns rks ,d rlyhe djrs gq;s ,d gh okdS+v+
gksus dk Q+Slyk nsa rks bkkavYykg yksxksa ds t+gu esa /khjs&/khjs ;s
ckr vPNh rjg cSB tk;sxh fd ,d rykd+ nsus ls Hkh rykd+ gks
tkrh gS vkSj choh ckn b+n~nr vius kkSgj ls tqnk gks tkrh gS
rkfd voke esa ,d rykd+ nsus dh dljr gks tk;s ;gk ,d&
 51
d+kfcys x+kSj ckr ;s gS fd rhu bdV~Bh rykd+ nsus dk xqukg rks
enZ djs vkSj lt+k v+kSjr dks kD+ys g+ykyk feys D;k ;s lg+hg+ o
nqjLr vkSj bUlkQ+ dh ckr gS cfYd ;s rks [k+okrhu ij t+qYe o
T+;knrh gSA
&% cxS+j g+ykyk igys kkSgj ls fudkg+ tkbt+ ugha %&
g+t+jr bCus m+ej jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd mUgksaus gqtwj lYy0
ls lquk fd ,d k[+l dh ,d choh Fkh ml choh dks mlds
kkSgj us rykd+ ns nh fQj ml [k+krwu ls nwljs k[+l us Hkh cx+S+j
ge fcLrjh ds mldks rykd+ ns nh fQj ml [k+krwu us igys
kkSgj dh rjQ+ nksckjk okil tkuk pkgk rks vki lYy0 us
Q+jek;k ;s eqfEdu ugha ftl oD+r rd oks [k+krwu ml nwljs
kkSgj ls lqgor ge fcLrjh u dj ysA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@468&g0&3446

Q+k;nk%&;kuh tc rd nwljk kkSgj ml v+kSjr ls ge fcLrjh u

dj ys rc rd g+ykyk nqjLr u gksxk vkSj v+kSjr kkSgj vOoy
ds fy;s g+yky u gksxh vkSj ckn g+ykyk v+kSjr dk b+n~nr
xqt+kjus ds ckn gh kkSgj vOoy ls fudkg+ tkbt+ o g+yky gksxk

&% rykd+ lqUur dq+jku dh jkskuh esa %&

;k vb;qgu uchb;q bt+k rYyd+rqequ fulkvk Q+rfYyd+w gqUuk fy
b+n~nfr fgUuk o vg+lqy b+n~nkg0&&&&&&&&&lw0&rykd+&1
rtqZek& ,s uch lYy0 eqlyekuksa ls Q+jeka nsa tc rqe v+kSjrksa
dks rykd+ nsuk pkgks rks muds rqgj ds t+ekus esa mUgsa rykd+ nks
vkSj b+n~nr dks kqekj djks iwjs rhu rqgj ;k rhu gS+t+

lqUur ds eqrkfcd+ rykd+ ;gh gS fd g+kyrs rqgj ikdh

esa ftlesa ftekv+ ge fcLrjh u fd;k gks ,d rykd+ ns vkSj
bl ij nks xokg eqd+jZj djs vxj dksbZ k[+l ,d rqgj es pUn
rykd+ksa dk bLrseky djrk gS rks oks ljhg+ gqjer dk bjfrdkc
djrk gS ;kuh dkuwus [kq+nkoUnh dks rksM+rk gSA
 52
yqx+r esa rykd+ ds ek;uh cUn [kksy nsuk vkSj NksM+ nsuk gS vkSj
kjhv+r dh bfLrykg+ esa bls rykd+ dgrs gSa dHkh rykd+ g+jke
gksrh gS tSls f[k+ykQs+ lqUur rykd+ nh tk;s elyu g+kyrs g+St+
esa ;k g+kyrs rqgj esa ftlesa eqckkjr dh gks ;k rhu rykd+ ,d
gh erZck ns nsuk vkSj dHkh rykd+ ed:g gksrh gS tc fcyk
otg egt+ kgor ;k ubZ v+kSjr dh [+okfgk esa nh tk;s vkSj
dHkh okftc gksrh gS tc choh vkSj [k+kfoUn esa eq[k+kfyQ++r bl
g+n rd igqp tk;s fd muesa ckge fdlh rjg esy ;k fuckg
u gks lds rks rykd+ gks tkuk equkflc gS dHkh rykd+ eqLrg+c
gksrh gS tc v+kSjr usd pyu u gks vkSj dHkh eqckg gksrh gS tc
u+l v+kSjr dh rjQ+ [+okfgk u djsA

&% rykd+ lqUur vg+knhl dh jkskuh esa %&

vDlj voke rykd+ dk kjbZ o lqUur rjhd+s ls ukokfd+Q+

o vUtku gSa vkSj yksx flQ+Z bruk b+Ye j[krs gSa fd ,d rykd+
nsus ls rykd+ ugha gksrh tc rd fd rhu bdV~Bh rykd+sa u nh
tk;sa blds dbZ vlckc gSa ftuesa lcls igyh otg ;s gS fd
vDlj yksxksa dh rjthg nqU;koh rkyhekr vkSj nqU;koh m+ywe dks
g+kfly djus dh tkfuc gS vkSj nhuh rkyhekr dh rjQ+ vDlj
yksxksa dh rjthg u ds cjkcj gS gkykfd b+Yes nhu dk lh[kuk
gj eqlyeku enZ] v+kSjr ij Q+t+Z gS bl b+Ye ls eqjkn oks b+Ye
gS tks gekjh t+:fj;kr o gktkr dh t+n esa vkrs gSa elyu
fQ+d+bZ m+ywe o dqjku vkSj vg+knhl ds oks m+ywe tks gekjh
ft+Unxh esa g+Lcs t+:jr oD+ru Q+oD+ru dke vkrs gSa vkSj nwljh
otg ;s gS fd ge vg~ys b+Ye dk t+:jr ds m+ywe o elkby
dk voke rd u igqpkuk Hkh kkfey gS blfy;s vDlj yksx
viuh yk b+Yeh ds lcc dqjku o lqUur dh f[k+ykQ+ ot+hZ djrs
gq;s rykd+ nsrs gS vkSj xqukgxkj gksrs gSA

dqjku o lqUur ds eqrkfcd+ rykd+ dk kjbZ rjhd+k ;s gS fd tc

v+kSjr g+St+ ls ikd gks tk;s ;kuh g+kyrs rgkjr ikdh esa ,d
ckj rykd+ ns ckrsZ bl rqgj esa v+kSjr ls lqgor ge fcLrjh u
 53
dh xbZ gks vkSj v+kSjr dks b+n~nr rhu g+St+ ds fy;s NksM+s j[ks
vkSj ftldks gS+t+ u vkrk gks mldh b+n~nr rhu ekg gS vkSj
vxj v+kSjr g+keyk gS rks ml dh b+n~nr ot+v+ g+ey cPpk
tuus rd gS bl b+n~nr ds vUnj [k+kfoUn vxj viuh choh ls
jtv+r djuk pkgs rks cxS+j choh dh jt+keUnh ls jtv+r dj
ldrk gS vkSj viuh choh dks fQj ls viuh t+ksft;r esa ys
ldrk gS vxj b+n~nr xqt+j tk;s vkSj jqtwv+ u fd;k gks rks ckn
b+n~nr v+kSjr dh jt+keUnh ls tnhn vD+ns fudkg+ dj ldrk gS
vkSj choh dks fQj ls viuh t+ksft;r esa ys ldrk gSA

vc ;gk ;s t+:jh ugha fd v+kSjr ls fjrk t+ksft;r

d+rk rv+kYyqd+ djus ds fy;s ,d eghus eas ,d rykd+ fQj
nwljs eghus esa nwljh rykd+ vkSj rhljs eghus esa rhljh rykd+
nh tk;s D;ksafd v+kSjr ,d rykd+ ds lkFk viuh b+n~nr ds ckn
kkSgj ls ckbuk tqnk gks tkrh gS rks fQj nwljh vkSj rhljh
rykd+ nsus dk dksbZ ek;us vkSj eryc ugha curkA ,d rykd+
eqv+Yyd+ jgrh gS ;kuh enZ ml rykd+ dks okil ys ldrk gS
vkSj viuh choh ds lkFk fQj ls fjrk t+ksft;r d+k;e dj
ldrk gS fQj ft+Unxh esa nksckjk fdlh otg ls enZ g+kyrs rqgj
esa ftlesa ftekv+ ge fcLrjh u fd;k gks ,d rykd+ ns nsrk gS
rks ;s mldh nwljh rykd+ kqekj dh tk;sxh bl rykd+ es Hkh
ml enZ ij ogh reke kjbZ dkuwu tkjh gksaxs tks igyh rykd+
ds ckn gq;s Fks ;k b+n~nr ds nkSjku jqtwv+ djys ;k ckn b+n~nr
v+kSjr dh jt+keUnh ls u;k fudkg+ djsA

fQj vxj enZ ft+Unxh es fdlh eqrQ+fjZd+ ekSd+s ij

g+kyrs rqgj esa ftles ftekv+ u fd;k x;k gks ,d ckj rykd+
ns ;kuh rhljh rykd+ rks ;s rykd+ eqx+fYyt+k okdS+v+ gksxhA bl
rykd+ ds ckn fdlh lwjr v+kSjr vius [k++kfoUn dh t+ksft;r esa
nkf[k+y ugha gks ldrh flok; g+ykyk kjbZ ds ;kuh eqrYyd+k
rykd+ ;k+rk v+kSjr viuh b+n~nr ls Q+kfjx+ gksdj fdlh nwljs
k[+l ls vkckn jgus dh fu;r o jx+cr ls fudkg+ djs fQj
fuckg u gksus dh lwjr ;k nhxj vlckc okdS+v+ gksus dh lwjr
esa bRrQ+kd+u nwljk kkSgj Hkh rykd+ ns ns vkSj rykd+ ds ckn
 54
jtv+r u djs ;k 'kkSgj dh oQ+kr gks tk;s fQj b+n~nr ls Q+kfjx+
gksdj fQj vxj v+kSjr pkgs Rkks vius igys [k+kfoUn dh t+ksft;r
esa ckge jt+keUnh ls tnhn vD+ns fudkg+ o egj ls nkf[k+y gks
ldrh gS rykd+ dk ;gh rjhd+k lqUur gS tks dqjku o vg+knhl
ls lkfcr gS vycRrk vxj dksbZ k[+l g+kyrs g+St+ ;k g+kyrs
rqgj es ftlesa ftekv+ fd;k x;k gks mles rykd+ nsrk gS rks oks
rykd+ kqekj dh tk;sxh gkykfd ,slh rykd+ f[k+ykQ+s lqUur gS
vkSj fonv+r o g+jke gSA
&% rykd+ ls eqrkv+fYyd+ pUn vg+knhl %&
g+t+jr v+CnqYyk Q+jekrs gSa tks k[+l lgh ek;us esa rykd+ nsuk
pkgrk gS rks mls pkfg;s fd flQ+Z ,d rykd+ nsdj v+kSjr dks
NksM+ ns vkSj rhu g+St+ xqt+jus nsA
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@373&g0&18036

g+t+jr tkfcj jft+0 ls loky fd;k x;k fd g+keyk dks dSls

rykd+ nh tk;s rks mUgksaus Q+jek;k fd ,d rykd+ nsdj otv+
gey cPps tuus rd mls NksM+s j[ksA
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@374&g0&18045

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 Q+jekrs gS rykd+ pkj otwgkr

dh fcuk ij gksrh gS nks otg g+yky gSa vkSj nks g+jke gSa g+yky
;s gS fd vkneh ,sls rqgj esa rykd+ ns ftlesa ftekv+ u fd;k
x;k gks uht+ g+ey okt+sg gks rc rykd+ ns vkSj g+jke ;s gS fd
v+kSjr dks gS+t+ esa rykd+ ns ;k ftekv+ okys rqgj esa rykd+ ns
vkSj mls ekywe u gks fd jge esa vkSykn gS ;k ughaA
nkj dqruh&lquu&3@241&g0&3890

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu eln jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd rykd+

lqUur bl rjhd+s ls gS fd bUlku cxS+j ftekv+ fd;s v+kSjr dks
ikdh dh g+kyr esa ,d rykd+ ns fQj ftl oD+r mldks g+St+ vk
tk;s vkSj oks v+kSjr ikd gks tk;s rks ml oD+r mldks nwljh
rykd+ ns ns fQj ftl oD+r mldks gS+t+ vk tk;s vkSj oks ikd gks
 55

Tkk;s rc mldks ,d vkSj rykd+ ;kuh rhljh rykd+ ns ns fQj

mlds ckn v+kSjr ,d g+St+ b+n~nr xqt+kjsA
bCus ektk&2@81&g0&2021 ulkbZ&lquu&2@459&g0&3426

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd mUgksaus

viuh choh dks g+kyrs g+St+ es rykd+ nh rks g+t+jr m+ej jft+0
us gqtwj lYy0 dh f[k+ner es bl ckr dk rt+fdjk fd;k
;kuh ;s ckr nj;k+r dh fd g+t+jr v+CnqYyk jft+0 dk ;s
rykd+ nsuk nqjLr gS ;k ugha vki lYy0 us g+t+jr m+ej
jft+0 ls Q+jek;k&fd rqe v+CnqYyk ls ;s ckr c;ku djks fd
oks vius d+kSy ls jqtwv+ djys ;kuh bl rykd+ dks rksM+ ns vkSj
oks ml v+kSjr dks viuh t+ksft;r esa ys ys fQj mldks ikd gksus
rd NksM+ ns ftl oD+r oks vius gS+t+ ls ikd gks tk;s vkSj fQj
nwljh erZck g+kbt+k gksdj ikd gks tk;s rc vxj mldk fny
pkgs rks oks mlls v+ySg+nxh bf[+r;kj djys lqgor djus ls
igys igys vkSj vxj NksM+us dks fny uk pkgs rks j[k ys
blfy;s fd vYykg rv+kyk cqtq+xhZ vkSj bT++t+r okys us [k+okrhu
dks mudh b+n~nr ds eqrkfcd+ rykd+ nsus dk gqDe Q+jek;k gS
,d nwljh fjok;r esa gS fd bl ekSd+s ij vki lYy0 us ;s
vk;r frykor Q+jekbZ&;k vb;qgUuchb;q bt+k rYyd+rqequ
fulkv+k Q+rfYyd+w gqUuk fyb+n~nfr fgUuk o vglqy b+n~nkg&&&
;kuh&,s uch lYy0 eqlyekuksa ls Q+jeknsa fd tc rqe v+kSjrksa
dks rykd+ nsuk pkgks rks muds rqgj ds t+ekus es mUgsa rykd+ nks
vkSj b+n~nr dks kqekj djksA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@457&g0&3421
eqfLye&lg+h&4@93&g0&3653
bCus ektk&lquu&2@81&g0&2019
frfeZt+h&1@647&g0&1176
cq[k+kjh&lg+h&7@28&g0&5251
eqLun vg+en&3@18&g0&4500
vcw nkn&lquu&2@666&g0&2182
nkj dqruh&lquu&3@245&g0&3903
nkjeh lquu&2@194&g0&2308
 56

&% rykd+ o jqtwv+ ij xokg cukuk %&

Q+ bt+k cyx+uk vtkykgqUuk Q+ vfEldw gqUuk fc ev+:fQ+u vkS
Q+kfjd+w gqUuk fc ekv+:fQ;ksa o vkfgnw t+oh v+nfye feudqe o
vd+h eqkgknrk fyYykfg0&lw0&rykd+&2

rtZqek& fQj tc oks viuh eqd+jZjk fe;kn ds [k+Re gkssus ds

d+jhc igqp tk;sa rks mUgsa HkykbZ ds lkFk viuh t+ksft;r esa
jksd yks ;k mUgsa HkykbZ ds lkFk tqnk dj nks vkSj viuks esa ls
nks v+kfny enksZa dks xokg cukyks vkSj xokgh vYykg ds fy;s
d+k;e fd;k djksA

g+t+jr bejku jft+0 ls loky fd;k x;k fd ,d vkneh

viuh choh dks rykd+ nsrk gS fQj mlls eqckkjr dj ysrk gS
exj rykd+ nsus ;k mlls jqtwv+ djus ij xokg ugha cukrk rks
mUgkasus dgk fd mlus f[k+ykQ+s lqUur rykd+ nh vkSj f[k+ykQ+s
lqUur gh jqtwv+ fd;k choh dks rykd+ nsrs oD+r xokg cukvks
vkSj jqtwv+ ds oD+r Hkh xokg cukvksA
vcw nkn&2@670&g0&2186
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@542&g0&15189
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@380&g0&18082
 57

&% v+kSjr dks rykd+ dk bf[+r;kj nsuk %&

mEeqy eksfeuhu g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 ls fjok;r gS
uch djhe lYy0 us viuh vt+okt eqrg~jkr jft+0 dks
bf[+r;kj ns fn;k vkSj bf[+r;kj nsus ls mudks rykd+ ugha gqbZ
blfy;s fd ftl oD+r mudks bf[+r;kj ns fn;k x;k rks mUgksaus
gqtwj lYy0 dks bf[+r;kj dj fn;kA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@481&g0&3474
frfeZt+h&1@650&g0&1179
cq[k+kjh&lg+h&7@40&g0&5262
vcw nkn&lquu&2@685&2203

Q+okbn o elkby%& ftl oD+r fdlh v+kSjr dks mldk kkSgj

;s bf[+r;kj ns ns ;kuh v+kSjr ls bl rjhd+s ls dgs fd rq>s esjh
rjQ+ ls bf[+r;kj gS vxj rw esjh rjQ+ ls rykd+ pkgrh gS rks
rw rykd+ okd+Sv+ djys bl ij v+kSjr dgs fd eSa rqedks NksM+dj
ugha tkrh ;k eSa rykd+ ugha pkgrh ;k bl bf[+r;kj dks rqEgsa
okil djrh gw rks v+kSjr ij fdlh fd+Le dh rykd+ okdS+v+ ugha
gksxhA

nwljh lwjr ;s gS fd v+kSjr vius kkSgj ls g+d+s rykd+

g+kfly dj ys ;kuh kkSgj viuh choh dks bl rjg g+d+s rykd+
liqnZ dj ns vkSj dg ns fd esjh rjQ+ ls rq>dks vius ij
rykd+ dk g+d+ g+kfly gS rks bl lwjr esa [k+kfoUn ftl d+nj
rykd+ dk g+d+ nsxk v+kSjr dks mlh d+nj rykd+ dk g+d+ g+kfly
gksxk vkSj v+kSjr vius kkSgj dh rjQ+ ls fn;s x;s g+ds+ rykd+
ds eqrkfcd+ vius ij rykd+ okdS+v+ dj ldrh gSA
 58

&%rykd+ dgykdj Hkstus ls rykd+ gks tkrh gS%&

g+t+jr Q+kfrek fcUrs d+Sl jft+0 ls fjok;r gS c;ku djrh gSa
fd eq>dks esjs kkSgj us rykd+ dgyokdj Hksth fQj eSaus vius
diMs+ vks<+ fy;s vkSj eSa f[k+ners ucoh esa g+kft+j gqbZ vki
lYy0 us Q+jek;k rq>dks rsjs kkSgj us fdruh rykd+sa nh gSa eSaus
v+t+Z fd;k rhu rykd+sa nh gSa bl ij vki lYy0 us Q+jek;k
rqEgkjs okLrs uku o uQ+d+k ;kuh v+kSjr dk [k+pkZ rqEgkjs kkSgj
dh tkfuc ls ugha feysxk fQj vki lYy0 us Q+jek;k rqe
vius ppkt+kn HkkbZ ds ?kj ;kuh v+CnqYyk fcu eDrwe ds ?kj
b+n~nr xqt+kjks D;ksafd oks ,d uchuk k[+l gS fQj tc rqEgkjh
b+n~nr iwjh gks tk;s rks rqe ml oD+r eq>dks eqRrykv+ djukA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@470&g0&3450
bCus fgCcku&lg+h&5@325&g0&4289

Q+okbn o elkby%& rykd+ t+ckuh] rgjhjh] ;k fdlh k[+l ds

t+fj;s dgykdj Hkstus ls rykd+ okdS+v+ gks tkrh gSA

&% galh et+kd+ es rykd+] fudkg+ o jtv+r dk c;ku %&

g+t+jr vcw gqjSjk jft+0 ls ejoh gS uch vdje lYy0 us
Q+jek;k&rhu ckrksa esa et+kd+ Hkh ,slk gksrk gS tSls gd+hd+r vkSj
gd+hd+r esa dguk rks cgjgky gd+hd+h rkSj ij eqrlfOoj gksrk
gS 1 fudkg+ 2 rykd+ 3 jtv+rA bCus ektk&lquu&2@93
&g0&2039 frfeZt+h&1@653&g0&1184 vcw nkn&lquu&
&2@675&g0&2194 cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@466&g0&14993

&% oD++r eqd+jZjk ;k fdlh vEj ds ckbl rykd+ dk c;ku %&

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu eln jft+0 ,sls k[+l ds ckjs es ud+y
Q+jekrs gSa ftlus viuh choh ls dgk vxj mlus ;s vkSj ;s dke
 59
fd;k rks mls rykd+ vxj oks ;s dke dj ysrh gS rks Q+jekrs gSa
rks mldks ,d rykd+ gksxh vkSj [k+kfoUn jqtwv+ dk g+d+ j[krk
gSA cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@504&g0&15090

gEekn fcu lqyseku] g+t+jr bczkghe ls ,sls k[+l ds ckjs esa

c;ku djrs gSa fd tks viuh choh ls dgrk gS fd ,d lky ds
ckn mls rykd+ Q+jekrs gSa fd ;s mldh choh gS mldk [k+kfoUn
,d lky rd mlls Q+k;nk mBk ldrk gS vkSj ,d lky ds
ckn ml v+kSjr dks ,d rykd+ okd+Sv+ gks tk;sxh
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@504&g0&15091

Q+okbn o elkby%& vxj dksbZ k[+l viuh choh ls dgs fd

vxj rw Qqyk ds ?kj xbZ ;k rwus Qqyk dke fd;k rks rq>dks
rykd+ rks vxj choh us Qqyk dke fd;k ;k Qqyk ds ?kj xbZ rks
mls ,d rykd+ okd+Sv+ gks tk;sxh ;k [k+kfoUn viuh choh ls dgs
fd jet+ku ;k Qqyk eghus esa rq>dks rykd+ rks tc oks eghuk
kq: gksxk rks mldh choh dks ,d rykd+ iM+ tk;sxhA
&% uks esa eqfCryk k[+l dh rykd+ %&
mu g+t+jkr dk c;ku ftuds ut+nhd ukss dh g+kyr esa rykd+
okd+Sv+ gks tkrh gS&
g+t+jr eqtkfgn] g+t+jr bczkghe] g+t+jr g+lu] g+t+jr lbZn fcu
eqlb;c] g+t+jr v+Cnqy jg+eku fcu gjeyk] g+t+jr eSewu] g+t+jr
lqyseku fcu ;lkj] g+t+jr t+gjh] g+t+jr kv+ch] gt+jr g+de]
g+t+jr kqjSr jg+0 us uks esa eqfCryk k[+l dh rykd+ dks okd+Sv+
d+jkj fn;k bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@412&g0&18358

mu g+t+jkr dk c;ku ftuds ut+nhd uks dh g+kyr esa rykd+

okd+Sv+ ugha gksrh&
g+t+jr m+leku] g+t+jr tkfcj fcu tS+n] g+t+jr vdjek] g+t+jr
v+rk] g+t+jr rkl] g+t+jr d+kfle] g+t+jr m+ej fcu v+Cnqy
v+t+ht+ jg+0 ds ut+nhd uks dh g+kyr esa nh gqbZ rykd+ okd+Sv+
ugha gksrhA bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@413&g0&18275
 60

g+kfly urhtk %& g+kyrs ukk bl g+n rd igqp tk;s fd enZ

vius gksk o gokl es u jgs vkSj mldh v+D+y bl d+nj t+kby
gks tk;s fd bfUrgk dks igqp tk;s rks bl lwjr esa nh gqbZ rykd+
okd+Sv+ u gksxh vkSj vxj ;s lwjr u ik;h tk;s rks rykd+ okd+Sv+
gks tk;sxhA
&% t+cjnLrh ;k Hkwydj rykd+ nsus dk c;ku %&
dqjku ethn esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&
ftls etcwj fd;k x;k vkSj mldk fny bZeku ij eqrebZu gS&
lw0&ugy&106

gt+jr vcwt+j x++Q+kjh jft+0 ls ejoh gS fd jlwys vdje

lYy0 us Q+jek;k&vYykg rv+kyk us esjh m+Eer ls Hkwypwd
vkSj t+cjnLrh dks ekQ+ Q+jeak fn;k gSA
bCus ektk&lquu&2@94&g0&2043

g+t+jr vcw gqjSjk jft+0 ls ejoh gS fd uch djhe lYy0 us

Q+jek;k& vYykg rv+kyk us nj xqt+j Q+jek;k&esjh m+Eer ls
ml dke ololksa dks tks muds fnyksa esa vk;sa ysfdu oks mu
ij v+ey iSjk u gksa ;k t+qcku ls t+kfgj u gksaA
bCus ektk&lquu&2@94&g0&2044
vcw nkn&lquu&2@688&g0&2209

lg+h cq[k+kjh dh fjok;r esa bruk bt+kQ+k gS fd d+rknk jft+0

us dgk fd vxj fdlh us viuh choh dks vius fny esa rykd+
ns nh rks mldk ,rokj ugha gksxk tc rd t+qcku ls u dgsA
cq[k+kjh&lg+h&7@49&g0&5269

mEeqy eksfeuhu g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 ls ejoh gS uch

djhe lYy0 us Q+jek;k&t+cjnLrh djus dh lwjr esa rykd+
o v+rkd+ vkt+knh ugha gSA bCus ektk&lquu&2@95&g0&2046
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@506&g0&15097
 61

&% Okkfyn ds gqDe ij csVs dks pkfg;s choh dks rykd+ ns ns %&
g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej jft+0 c;ku djrs gSa fd esjs fudkg+
esa ,d v+kSjr Fkh vkSj eSa mldks eqgCcr djrk Fkk vkSj esjs okfyn
g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 mldks cqjk tkurs Fks vkf[k+j mUgksaus gqtwj
lYy0 ls ft+ fd;k rks vki lYy0 us eq>s gqDe fn;k fd
ml v+kSjr dks rykd+ ns nks fQj eSaus mls rykd+ ns nhA
bCus ektk&lquu&2@112&g0&2088
frfeZt+h&lquu&1@655&g0&1189
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@423&g0&14893
bCus vch kSck&vyeqlfUuQ+&5@606&g0&19397
 62

&% ikxy] uk ckfyx+] o lksus okys dh rykd+ %&

g+t+jr ekSyk v+yh jft+0 ls fjok;r gS& uch djhe lYy0 us
bjkkn Q+jek;k&rhu rjg ds yksxksa ls d+ye mBk fy;k x;k&
1 uk ckfyx+ 2 nhokus ls 3 vkSj lksus okys lsA
bCus ektk&lquu&2@94&g0&2042
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@510&g0&15109

g+t+jr v+CqnYyk fcu m+ej jft+0 c;ku djrs gSa fd g+t+jr m+ej
jft+0 dh rgjhj esa ;s ns[kk fd tc vkneh fQ+t+wy g+jdkr djs
rks mldk oyh mldh rjQ+ ls rykd+ ns ldrk gSA
nkj dqruh&lquu&3@289&g0&4052
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@407&g0&18230

bCus kq,sc jg+0 c;ku djrs gSa fd g+t+jr m+ej fcu [k+Rrkc
jft+0 dh g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej jft+0 ds uke rgjhj esa
geus ;s i<+k fd tc nhokuk ikxy viuh choh dks rax djs rks
mlds oyh dks ;s gqDe gS fd mldh txg oks [kqn rykd+
ns nsA nkj dqruh&lquu&3@289&g0&4053
 63

&% vxj enZ rykd+ dk bUdkjh gks %&

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej fcu vYv+kl jft+0 ls ejoh gS fd
tc v+kSjr ;s nkok djs fd mlds kkSgj us rykd+ ns nh gS vkSj
rykd+ ij ,d eqv+rcj k[+l dks xokg Hkh cuk;s rks mlds
[k+kfoUn dks d+le nh tk;sxh vxj oks d+le [kkys fd eSaus
rykd+ ugha nh rks ml xokg dh xokgh ckfry gks tk;sxh vkSj
vxj oks kkSgj d+le u [kk;s rks mldk d+le ls bUdkj djuk
nwljs xokg ds feLy gksxkA vkSj rykd+ eqv+fLlj vlj djus
okyh gks tk;sxhA bCus ektk&lquu&2@93&g0&2038

rw vius ?kj okyks esa tkdj jg dgus ls rykd+ okd+Sv+ ugha

gksrh %&
g+t+jr v+Cnqy jg+eku fcu dv+c jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd eSus
g+t+jr dv+c fcu ekfyd jft+0 ls lquk oks viuk ml oD+r dk
gky c;ku djrs gSa ftl oD+r oks uch djhe lYy0 dks x+t+ck
&,&rcwd esa NksM+dj x;s Fks jkoh c;ku djrs gSa fd fQj mUgksaus
iwjk okD+;k g+t+jr dv+c fcu ekfyd jft+0 ls ud+y Q+jek;k
vkSj oks Q+jekus yxs esjs ikl ftl oD+r uch djhe lYy0 dk
d+kfln g+kft+j gqvk vkSj oks dgus yxk fd gqtwj lYy0 us
rqEgkjs okLrs ;s gqDe Q+jek;k gS fd rqe viuh choh ls fdukjk
dkh bf[+r;kj dj yks g+t+jr d+v+c jft+0 us nj;k+r fd;k
fd fdukjk djus ls D;k eqjkn vkSj ed+ln gS d+kfln us dgk
fd rykd+ nsuk eqjkn ugha cfYd v+ySg+nk jgus ds fy;s gqDe
Q+jek;k gS vkSj mlds ut+nhd tkus ls euk Q+jek;k gS g+t+jr
dv+c fcu ekfyd jft+0 Q+jekrs gSa fd eSus viuh choh ls dgk
fd rqe tkvks vkSj vius ?kj okyks ds ikl tkdj jgks vkSj rqe
ogk ls esjs ikl u vkuk tc rd fd vYykg bT+t+r vkSj cqtq+xhZ
okyk bl elys es dksbZ gqDe lkfnj u Q+jeak nsA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@473&g0&3455
 64
Q+okbn o elkby%& vxj dksbZ k[+l viuh choh ls dgs fd rw
vius ?kj okyksa es tkdj jg rks mlds ;s dgus ls rykd+ ugha
gksrh tc rd fd rykd+ dh fu;r u gks ;k bl tqeys ls
feyrk tqyrk tqeyk elyu dgs fd rw vius ?kj okyksa es fey
tk ;k rw vius ?kj tk vkSj ;gk u vkuk oxS+jkg dgs rks vxj
fu;r rykd+ u gks rks rykd+ okdS+v+ u gksxh vkSj vxj et+dwjk
tqeyksa es fu;r rykd+ gks rks rykd+ okd+Sv+ gks tk;sxhA

&% v+kSjr dks vius ij g+jke djuk %&

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd ,d k[+l muds
ikl g+kft+j gqvk vkSj mlus v+t+Z fd;k fd eSaus viuh vgfy;k
choh dks vius ij g+jke dj fy;k gS g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl
jft+0 us Q+jek;k& rw >wB cksy jgk gS oks v+kSjr rqEgkjs fy;s
g+jke ugha gS fQj vkius ;s vk;r frykor Q+jekbZ& ;k
vb;qgUuchb;q fyek rqg+fjZew ek vg++YyYykgq yd&&&&&&&&
lw0&rgjhe&1 vkSj Q+jek;k&rqEgkjs okLrs ykft+e gS fd ,d
l[+r d+Q+kjk ;kuh ,d xq+yke vkt+kn djukA ulkbZ&lquu&
2@471&g0&3452 cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@491&g0&15057

ot+kg+r%& et+dwjk ckyk g+nhl ikd ds vkf[k+j esa xq+yke vkt++kn

djus ls eqrv+fYyd+ bjkkn Q+jek;k x;k gS rks bldk eQ+gwe ;s
gS fd rqEgkjs ft+Ees ,d l[+r fd+Le dk d+Q+kjk vnk djuk
ykft+e gS vkSj ;s d+Q+kjk nwljs d+Q+kjksa ls T+;knk l[+r o fxjka
gS vkSj ;s vk;r djhek dk g+kfly eQ+gwe ;s gS fd rqEgkjs fdlh
pht+ ds g+jke djus ls dksbZ pht+ g+jke ugha gks tkrh vycRrk
rqEgkjs bl rjg ds v+ey ls rqe ij ,d d+Q+kjk ykft+e gks
tkrk gSA
elyk%& vxj dksbZ k[+l x+qyke vkt+kn djus dh dq+njr u
j[krk gks rks oks nks eghus jkst+s j[ks vkSj vxj bldh Hkh rkd+r
u gks rks lkB feLdhuksa dks [kkuk f[kyk;s d+Cy viuh choh ls
eqckkjr dsA
 65

&% Q+L[k+s fudkg+ %&

v+kSjr ;k enZ ds eqrkyck djus ij ckt+ vlckc ds rg+r d+kt+h
fe;k choh ds njfe;ku v+ySg+nxh dk Q+Slyk dj ldrk gS bl
v+ySg+nxh dks kjhv+r dh bfLrykg+ esa Q+L[k+s fudkg+ dgrs gSaA

Q+L[k+s fudkg+ pUn lwjrksa vkSj otwgkr ds rg+r fd;k

tkrk gS elyu [k+kfoUn ukenZ gks ;k ,slh chekjh esa eqfCryk gks
tks enZ ls v+kSjr esa Hkh vkus dk vanskk gks elyu] Vh-ch- ;k
dqB jksx] Nqvk Nwr dh chekjh esa eqfCryk gks tks reke gnksa ls
c<+us okyh gks ;k [k+kfoUn ykirk x+k;c gks tk;s vkSj lky chr
tk;s vkSj mldk dgha irk u pys ;k [k+kfoUn yEcs v+jls ds
fy;s tsy esa d+Sn dj fn;k tk;s ;k [k+kfoUn v+kSjr dks uku o
uQ+d+k u nsrk gks ;k fcyk otg fdlh cqjs Q+sv+y ds lcc ;kuh
kjkc ds uks esa v+kSjr dks vfT+t+;r igqpkrk gks ;k [k+kfoUn
viuh choh dk g+d+s t+ksft;r vnk u djrk gks ;k uk ilanh ds
lcc viuh choh ls lqgor u djrk gks ;k [k+kfoUn bZyk ;k
ft+gkj djs vkSj pkj ekg dh eqn~nr ds vUnj viuh d+le ls
jqtwv+ u djs ;k [k+kfoUn vkSj choh esa ykv+u gksA

;k et+dwjk enZ dh chekfj;ksa ds feLy v+kSjr esa chekfj;k

ik;h tkrh gksa ;k v+kSjr eqckkjr djus dh vg~y u gks ox+Sjkg
bu reke lwjrksa esa d+kt+h fe;k choh ds njfe;ku v+ySg+nxh dk
QS+lyk nsdj fudkg+ Q+L[+k dj nsxk Q+L[k+ dk ek;uh rksM+ nsuk]
eUlw[k+ dj nsuk] ckfry dj nsuk gS Q+L[ks+ fudkg+ dh lwjr esa
v+ySg+nxh rykd+ ckbu ds gqDe esa gS flok; ykv+u ds D;ksafd
ykv+u ds ckn v+ySg+nxh nk;eh rykd+ ds gqDe essa gS ftlds ckn
fdlh lwjr fudkg+ tkbt+ ugha gksrkA

Q+okbn o elkby%& d+kt+h ls Q+L[k+s fudkg+ dk eqrkyck enZ o

v+kSjr nksuks esa ls dksbZ Hkh dj ldrk gS vkSj d+kt+h [k+kfoUn o
choh esa v+ySg+nxh djk nsrk gS vkSj d+kt+h ds ekStwn u gksus dh
 66

lwjr esa dksbZ Hkh v+kfny vg~ys b+Ye Q+L[k+s fudkg+ dj ldrk gS
Q+L[k+s fudkg+ dh b+n~nr flQZ+ ,d g+St+ gS ;k ,d ekg vkSj vxj
choh g+keyk gks rks mldh b+n~nr ot+v+ g+ey ;kuh cPpk turs
gh b+n~nr [k+Re gks tkrh gS Q+L[k+ dh ckt+ lwjrksa esa choh
v+ySg+nxh Hkh g+kfly djrh gS vkSj egj dh Hkh g+d+nkj gksrh gS
vkSj ckt+ lwjrksa esa flQ+Z v+ySg+nxh g+kfly djrh gks exj egj
dh g+d+nkj ugha gksrhA

elyu vxj uqDl o ,Sc flQ+Z enZ esa gks ;k oks otwgkr
ftudk ft+Eesnkj flQZ+ enZ gks rks ,slh lwjr esa Q+L[k+s fudkg+ ds
ckn vkSjr v+ySg+nxh ds lkFk&lkFk egj dk Hkh g+d+ j[krh gS
vkSj uqDl o ,Sc ;k ,slh chekjh ftlds ckbl v+kSjr lqgor
djus dh vg~y u gks rks ,slh lwjr esa Q+L[k+s fudkg+ ds ckn
v+kSjr flQ+Z v+ySg+nxh g+kfly djsxh egj dh g+d+nkj u gksxhA
 67

&% [kq+yv+ %&

choh tc vius kkSgj ds lkFk fdlh lwjr jgus dks rS;kj u gks
vkSj gj lwjr kkSgj ls v+ySg+nxh pkgrh gks vkSj kkSgj choh dks
rykd+ nsus ij jkt+h u gks rks ,slh lwjr esa oks viuk eqv+keyk
d+kt+h ds lkeus isk djs fQj oks vgoky okd+bZ ds isksut+j
v+kSjr ds v+ySg+nxh ds eqrkycs dh fcuk ij v+kSjr ls dgs fd
viuk g+d+ egj ;k eky oxS+jkg tks mlus vius kkSgj ls fy;k
gS oks okil djs fQj oks d+kt+h muds fudkg+ dks Q+L[k+ dj ns
rks bl lwjr dks kjhv+r dh bfLrykg+ esa [k+qyv+ dgrs gSa blesa
rykd+ [k+kfoUn dh rjQ+ ls gksrh gS vkSj [k+qyv+ dk eqrkyck
v+kSjr dh rjQ+ ls gksrk gS [kq+yv+ ds ckn b+n~nr flQ+Z ,d g+St+
gksrh gS D;ksafd ;s Q+L[k+s fudkg+ gS ;kuh rksM+uk] eUlw[k+ djuk
;k ckfry djuk [kq+yv+ rykd+ ckbu ds gqDe esa gS ckn b+n~nr
[k+kfoUn viuh choh dh jt+keUnh ls u;k fudkg+ dj ldrk gS
vkSj nksckjk viuh choh dks viuh t+ksft;r esa ys ldrk gS ftl
rjg rykd+ nsuk enZ dk g+d+ gS mlh rjg [k+qyv+ dk eqrkyck
djuk v+kSjr dk g+d+ gSA

dqjku ethn esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&

oyk ;fg+Yyw ydqe vu rk[kq+tw&&&rv+rnwgk0 lw0&cd+jkg&229
rtqZek%& vkSj rqEgkjs fy;s tkbt+ ugha fd tks pht+s rqe mUgsa ns
pqds gks mlesa ls dqN okil yks flok; blds fd nksuks vanskk gks
fd vc fjrk t+ksft;r cjd+jkj j[krs gq;s nksuks vYykg rv+kyk
ds g+qnwn dks d+k;e u j[k ldsaxs fQj vxj rqEgsa vanskk gks fd
nksuks vYykg ds gq+nwn dks d+k;e u j[k ldsaxs lks bl lwjr
mu ij dksbZ xqukg ugha fd choh [kqn cnyk nsdj bl
rdyhQ+ nkg cU/ku ls vkt+knh ys ysA

bjkkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

o bu f[k+rqe fkd+kd+k&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&v+yheu [k+chjk0
lw0&fulk&35
 68

rtqZek %& vkSj vxj rqEgsa mu nksuksa ds njfe;ku eq[k+kfyQ+r dk

vanskk gks rks rqe ,d eqfUlQ+ enZ ds [k+kunku ls vkSj ,d
eqfUlQ+ v+kSjr ds [k+kunku ls eqd+jZj dj yks vxj oks nksukas
eqfUlQ+ lqyg djkus dk bjknk j[ks rks vYykg rv++kyk mu
nksuksa ds njfe;ku eqokfQ++d+r iSnk Q+jeka nsxk cskd vYykg
rv+kyk [kwc tkuus okyk gSA

ot+kg+r%& enZ o v+kSjr dh rjQ+ ls ,d&,d k[+l nksuksa fe;k&

choh esa lqyg dh x+jt+ ls cSBsa vkSj nksuksa fe;k&choh esa lqyg
djkus dh g+Rry bedku dksfkk djsa fd fdlh rjg bu nksuksa
esa lqyg gks tk;s buds njfe;ku g+kby uk bRrQ+kd+h o
ukjkt+xh dks nwj djus dh gj eqfEdu dksfkk dh tk;s rkfd
mu nksukas fe;k&choh esa eqokfQ++d+r gks tk;s vxj lqyg vkSj
eqokfQ+d+r dh dksbZ lwjr u cus rks nksuks iap eqfUlQ+ mu nksukas
fe;k&choh esa v+ySg+nxh dk QS+lyk ns ldrk gS vkSj mu nksuksa
esa tqnkbZ djk nh tk;sxh vkSj mudk fudkg+ Q+L[k++ gks tk;sxkA

&% v+kSjr ds fy;s [kq+yv+ ysus dh djkgr %&

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls ejoh gS uch djhe lYy0 us
Q+jek;k&v+kSjr vius [k+kfoUn ls rykd+ dk eqrkyck u djs tc
rd fd cgqr etcwj u gks tk;s vkSj fcyk etcwjh tks v+kSjr
,slk djsxh oks tUur dh [kqkcw Hkh u ik;sxh vkSj tku yks
tUur dh [kqkcw pkyhl cjl dh elkQ+r nwjh ls vkrh gSA
bCus ektk&lquu&2@98&g0&2054
vcw nkn&lquu&2@700&g0&2226

g+t+jr lwcku jft+0 c;ku djrs gS fd uch vdje lYy0 us

Q+jek;k& tks v+kSjr fdlh rdyhQ+ ds cx+Sj vius kkSgj ls
rykd+ eakxs ml ij tUur dh [kqkcw g+jke gSA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@412&g0&14860
nkjeh&lquu&2@199&g0&2316
 69

&% [kq+yv+ ds cnys [k+kfoUn viuk eky okil ys ldrk gS %&

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls ejoh gS fd g+t+jr lkfcr fcu

dS+l jft+0 dh vgfy;k choh f[k+ners ucoh esa g+kft+j gqbZ vkSj
oks dgus yxh vYykg dh d+le eSa lkfcr ij nhu ;k [kq+Yd+
vknr dh cqjkbZ ls xq+Llk o ukjkt+ ugha gw ysfdu eSa l[+r
d+ckg+r eglwl djrh gw fd eqlyeku gksdj eSa kkSgj dh uk
kqh d: eSa D;k d: oks eq>s gj gky esa uk ilan gS fQj vki
lYy0 us lkfcr fcu dS+l jft+0 ls Q+jek;k fd rqe viuk
ckx+ ys yks vkSj bldks ;kuh viuh choh dks ,d rykd+ ns nksA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@492&g0&3495 bCus ektk&lquu&2@99&g0
&2056 cq[k+kjh&lg+h&7@53&g0&5273 vcw nkn&lquu&2@
700&g0&2227 cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@404&g0&14838
bCus fg+Ccku&lg+h&5@315&g0&4280

g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 ls ejoh gS fd g+chck fcUrs

lgy g+t+jr lkfcr fcu dS+l fcu kEekl jft+0 dh t+ksft;r
esa Fkh fd g+t+jr lkfcr fcu kEekl jft+0 us viuh vgfy;k
^tehyk* v+CnqYyk fcu vch dh yM+dh dks ekjk vkSj mldk gkFk
rksM+ fn;k mlds HkkbZ us jlqyqYykg lYy0 ls bldh fkdk;r
dh rks vki lYy0 us g+t+jr lkfcr jft+0 dks ryc Q+jek;k
ftl oD+r g+t+jr lkfcr jft+0 g+kft+j gq;s rks vki lYy0 us
Q+jek;k rqe bl [k+krwu ls viuh pht+ okil ys yks vkSj bldk
jkLrk NksM+ nks ;kuh bldks v+ySg+nk dj nks g+t+jr lkfcr
jft+0 us v+tZ+ fd;k fd cgqr csgrj gS fQj g+t+jr lkfcr us
dgk eSus bldks egj esa nks ckx+ fn;s Fks oks blh ds d+Ct+s esa gSa
vki lYy0 us Q+jek;k oks nksuks ckx+ ys yks vkSj bls v+ySg+nk
dj nks fQj vki lYy0 us ml [k+krwu dks ,d gS+t+ dh b++n~nr
xqt+kjus ds fy;s okfynSu ds ?kj pys tkus dk gqDe Q+jek;kA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@508&g0&3530 frfeZt+h&1@654&g0&1185
vcw nkn&lquu&2@701&g0&2228 cSgd+h&lquu cqdjk&9@
410&g0&14856
 70

&% gkfde ds cx+Sj [k+qyv+ djus dk gqDe %&

g+t+jr mokZg fcu tqcSj jft+0 Q+jekrs gSa fd ,d k[+l us
viuh v+kSjr ls g+t+jr m+Leku jft+0 dh f[k+ykQ+r esa cx+Sj
crk;s [kq+yv+ fd;k rks g+t+jr m+Leku jft+0 us mldks nqjLr
d+jkj fn;kA cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@412&g0&14859

&% [k+qyv+ rykd+ gS ;k Q+L[k+s fudkg+ %&

bczkghe fcu lkv+n us g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu v+Cckl jft+0 ls
,slh v+kSjr ds ckjs esa loky fd;k ftlds [k+kfoUn us nks rykd+sa
nh fQj v++kSjr ls [k+kfoUn us [kq+yv+ dj fy;k rks D;k [k+kfoUn
ml v+kSjr ls fudkg+ dj ldrk gS g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0
Q+jekrs gSa fd igyh vk;r lw0&cd+jkg&229 esa vYykg rv+kyk
us rykd+ dk ft+ fd;k gS vkSj vkf[k+j esa vkSj njfe;ku esa
[k+qyv+ dk rt+fdjk fd;k rks [kq+yv+ rykd+ ugha gS ;kuh Q+L[k+s
fudkg+ gS oks fudkg+ dj ldrk gSA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@413&g0&14863

&%[kqyv+ ;k+rk v+kSjr dk [k+kfoUn mlls jqtwv+ ugha dj ldrk%&

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu vch vkSQ+h jft+0 g+t+jr g+chc fcu
esgjcku] g+t+jr bczkghe] g+t+jr fgkke] g+t+jr t+gjh] g+t+jr
eSewu fcu esgjku jg+0 Q+jekrs tc enZ us v+kSjr ls [kq+yv+ ds
t+fj;s rykd+ nh rks fQj vxj enZ jqtwv+ djuk pkgs rks cx+Sj
fudkg+ jqtwv+ ugha dj ldrkA
bCus vch kSck&vyeqlfUuQ+&5@505&g0&18822
&% [k+qyv+ ds ckn b+n~nr esa rykd+ gks tkrh gS %&
g+t+jr bejku] g+t+jr bCus eln] g+t+jr vcw njnk jft+0
g+t+jr t+g~gkd] g+t+jr lbZn fcu eqlb;c] g+t+jr bczkghe]
g+t+jr tgjh] g+t+jr ;l:d jg+0 Q+jekrs gSa fd [kq+yv+ ds
ckn b+n~nr esa rykd+ gks tkrh gSA
 71

bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@501&g0&18790

&% [kqyv+ ds ckn b+n~nr esa rykd+ okd+Sv+ ugha gksrh %&
g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl] g+t+jr bCus tqcSj jft+0 g+t+jr v+rk]
g+t+jr rkl] g+t+jr kv+ch] g+t+jr vdjek jg+0 Q+jekrs
[k+qyv+ ds ckn b+n~nr esa rykd+ nsus ls rykd+ okdS+v+ ugha gksrh
vxj [kq+yv+ dh etfyl esa rykd+ nh rks rykd+ okdS+v+ gksxh
ojuk ughaA bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@503&g0&18804

[kq+yv+ ysus okyh v+kSjr dk uQ+d+k nkSjkus b+n~nr enZ

&% ij ykft+e gksxk %&

g+t+jr bczkghe] g+t+jr kv+ch] g+t+jr g+Eekn] g+t+jr d+rknk

jg+0 Q+jekrs gSa fd [k+qyv+ ysus okyh v+kSjr dks fjgk;k o
uQ+d+k feysxk D;ksafd vxj v+kSjr pkgs rks b+n~nr esa vius kkSgj
ls fudkg+ dj ldrh gSA
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@504&g0&18811

g+t+jr vcw vkfy;k] g+t+jr kqjhg] g+t+jr bczkghe] g+t+jr v+rk]

g+t+jr d+kfle] g+t+jr g+Eekn] g+t+jr t+gjh jg+0 Q+jekrs gSa fd
[kq+yv+ ysus okyh v+kSjr dks uQ+d+k feysxk vycRrk vxj mlus
u ysus krZ dks dqcwy dj fy;k rks fQj ugh feysxkA
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@535&g0&19003
 72

&% ykv+u %&

Ykkv+u mldks dgrs gS fd tc dksbZ k[+l viuh choh ij ft+uk
dh rqger yxk;s ;k cPps ds iSnk gksus ij dgs fd ;s cPpk esjk
ugha gS vkSj v+kSjr ft+uk dk bUdkj djs rks ykv+u okftc gksrk gS
ykv+u dh fl+Q+r o rjhd+k dqjku ethn esa et+dwj gSA

vkSj tks yksx viuh chfo;ksa ij cndkjh dh rqger yxk;sa vkSj

muds ikl flok;s viuh t+kr ds dksbZ xokg u gks rks ,sls fdlh
Hkh ,d k[+l dh xokgh fd oks [kqn pkj erZck vYykg dh
d+le [kkdj xokgh ns fd oks bYt+ke yxkus es lPpk gS vkSj
ikpoh erZck ;s dgs ml ij vYykg dh ykv+ur gks vxj oks
>wBk gks vkSj blh rjg ;s ckr ml v+kSjr ls Hkh lt+k dks
Vky ldrh gS fd oks pkj erZck vYykg dh d+le [kkdj [kqn
xokgh ns fd oks enZ ;s rqger yxkus es >wBk gS vkSj ikpoh
erZck ;s dgs fd ml ij ;kuh eq> ij vYykg dk xt+c gks
vxj ;s enZ bl bYt+ke yxkus es lPpk gSA lw0&uwj&6rk&9

bl ykv+u esa ;s krZ gS fd nksuks kgknr ds lkFk ;ehu

Hkh gksa fd d+le vYykg dh fd eSa xokgh nsrk gw ;k xokgh nsrh
gw bldk gqDe ;s gS fd bldh otg ls ykv+u ds ckn choh ls
orh vkSj bfLrQ+knk Q+k;nk g+kfly djuk g+jke gks tkrk gS
[+okg d+kt+h us rQ+jhd+ tqnkbZ ;k v+ySg+nxh u Hkh dh gks ;k
enZ us rykd+ u nh gksA
vxj enZ rqger yxkus ds ckn ykv+u u djs rks d+kt+h mls
d+Sn djsxk ;gk rd fd ;k ykv+u djs ;k [kqn dks >qByk;s vkSj
mls g+ns d+ft+Q+ yxs vxj enZ us ykv+u dj fy;k rks v+kSjr ij
ykv+u okftc gksxk vxj ugha djsxh rks d+kt+h mls dS+n djsxk
;gk rd fd ;k ykv+u djs ;k enZ dh ckr dh rLnhd+ djs vkSj
mls gns ft+uk yx tk;sxh ;kuh cPpk ek ds gokys vkSj mldk
ulc cki ls ugha cfYd ek ls eqrv+fYyd+ dj fn;k tk;sxk oks
cPpk ek dk okfjl gksxk ykv+u nk;eh rykd+ ds gqDe esa gS
nksckjk fudkg+ ugha gks ldrk vkSj ykv+u ls tks tqnkbZ gksrh gS
oks rykd+ eqx+fYyt+k ls Hkh T+;knk knhn rj gSA
 73

&% bZyk %&

kjhv+r dh bfLrykg+ esa bZyk mldks dgk tkrk gS fd dksbZ
k[+l bl ckr dh d+le [kkys fd oks kkSgj dh g+Sfl;r ls choh
ds ikl ugha tk;sxk vkSj mlls vyx jgsxk exj m+Yek dh jk;
bl ckjs esa ;s gS fd choh ls vyx jguk fdlh ukjkt+xh dh
otg ls gks rks mls bZyk dgsaxs vxj ukjkt+xh dh otg ls u
gks rks mls kjhv+r dh bfLrykg+ esa bZyk ugha dgsaxs bZyk dh
fed+nkj pkj ekg gS vkSj pkj ekg ds vUnj choh ds ikl ugha
x;k rks choh Q+L[ks+ fudkg+ dk eqrkyck djsxh vkSj rykd+ ckbu
okdS+v+ gks tk;sxhA

dqjku ethn esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&

vkSj mu yksxksa ds fy;s tks viuh chfo;ksa ds d+jhc u tkus dh
d+le [kkys pkj ekg dh eqgyr gS il vxj oks bl eqn~nr esa
jqtwv+ dj ysa rks cskd vYykg cM+k c[+kus okyk esg+jcku gS vkSj
vxj mUgksaus rykd+ dk iq[+rk bjknk dj fy;k gks rks cskd
vYykg [kwc lquus okyk tkuus okyk gSA lw0&cd+jkg&226
%& bZyk ls eqrv+fYyd+ pUn vg+knhl %&
g+t+jr bCus m+ej jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd tc pkj ekg xqt+j
tk;sa rks bZyk djus okys dks g+kfdes oD+r ds ikl yk [kM+k fd;k
tk;s vkSj ml oD+r rd mls NksM+k u tk;s tc rd fd oks
v+nkyr ds :c: rykd+ u ns ns vkSj rykd+ fn;s cxS+j ml ij
rykd+ okd+Sv+ u gksxhA cq[k+kjh&lg+h&7@62&g0&5290
v+Ld+ykuh&cqywxqyejke&2@709&g0&931

rkjhg%& pkj eghus xqt+jus ds ckn enZ ls eqrkyck c rd+kt+k

fd;k tk;sxk fd oks choh ls rv+kYyqd+ et+cwr djys ;k fQj
rykd+ ns ns et+dwjk gnhl dh rjQ+ ckt+ lgkck o vkbEek vkSj
vkbEek esa beke ekfyd] beke kkQ+bZ vkSj beke vg+en jg+0
ox+Sjkg x;s gSa fd flQ+Z pkj ekg dh eqn~nr xqt+jus ls rykd
+okd+Sv+ u gksxh tc rd fd bZyk djus okyk rykd+ u ns vkSj
 74

beke vkt+e vcw g+uhQ+k jg+0 vkSj muds vlg+kc dgrs gSa fd
eqn~nr bZyk xqt+jus ls rykd+ okdS+v+ gks tkrh gSA

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls ejoh gS fd tkgfy;r dk bZyk

lky nks lky rd gksrk Fkk vYykg rv+kyk us bldh eqn~nr pkj
ekg eqd+jZj Q+jekbZ gS vc vxj pkj ekg ls de eqn~nr gks rks
oks bZyk kqekj u gksxkA
vLd+ykuh&cqywx+qyejke&2@710&g0&933 cSgd+h

g+t+jr uqv+eku fcu ckkhj jft+0 us viuh choh ls bZyk fd;k

rks g+t+jr bCus eln jft+0 us Q+jek;k&fd tc pkj eghus
xqt+j x;s rks v+kSjr ,d rykd+ ds lkFk ckbuk gks xbZA
bCus vch kSck&vyeqlfUuQ+&5@512&g0&18863

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk jft+0 Q+jekrs gSa tc vkneh us bZyk fd;k vkSj

pkj eghus xqt+j x;s rks v+kSjr ,d rykd+ ds lkFk ckbuk gks
xbZA bCus vch kSck&vyeqlfUuQ+&5@513&g0&18864

g+t+jr lbZn fcu tqcSj jg+0 ls iwNk x;k D;k bCus v+Cckl
jft+0 ,sls Q+jekrs Fks fd tc pkj ekg xqt+j tk;sa rks ,d
ckbu rykd+ gks tk;sxh vkSj v+kSjr ij b+n~nr Hkh ugha gksxh oks
pkgs mlh oD+r kknh dj ldrh gS rks mUgksaus dgk&th gkA
nkj dqruh&lquu&3@287&g0&4047

g+t+jr m+Leku vkSj g+t+jr tS+n fcu lkfcr jft+0 Q+jek;k

djrs Fks fd tc pkj ekg xqt+j tk;sa vkSj [k+kfoUn choh ds
d+jhc u tk;s rks rykd+ ckbu gks tk;sxhA
nkj dqruh&lquu&3@287&g0&4044

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 Q+jekrs gSa tc bZyk esa pkj eghus
xqt+j tk;sa rks ,d rykd+ ckbu gS vkSj v+kSjr ij rhu g+St+
b+n~nr xqt+kjuk ykft+e gSA
bCus vch kSck&vyeqlfUuQ+&5@518&g0&18901
 75

&% ft+gkj %&

kjhv+r dh bfLrykg+ esa ft+gkj viuh choh dks fdlh ,slh [k+krwu
ls rkfc;k nsus dks dgrs gSa ftlls geskk fudkg+ g+jke gS
elyu dksbZ k[+l viuh choh ls bl rjhd+s ls dgs fd rw esjs
okLrs esjh ek cgu tSlh gS rks bldk gqDe ;s gS fd vxj bl
tqeys ls mldk bjknk rykd+ nsus dk u gks rks bls ft+gkj dgrs
gSa vkSj ml oD+r rd [k+kfoUn viuh choh ls eqckkjr ugha dj
ldrk tc rd fd oks ft+gkj dk d+Q+kjk vnk u dj ns ft+gkj
dk d+Q+kjk ;s gS fd ,d x+qyke ;k cknh dks vkt+kn djuk
vxj mlesa bldh dq+njr u gks rks oks nks eghus eqrokfrj
yxkrkj jkst+sa j[ks vkSj vxj bldh Hkh dq+njr u gks rks lkB
feLdhuksa dks [kkuk f[kyk;sA

vxj mldh fu;r rykd+ Fkh rks mldh choh dks

rykd+ ckbu okdS+v+ gksxh ft+gkj dh lwjr esa [k+kfoUn ls dgk
tk;sxk fd pkj ekg dh eqn~nr ds vUnj d+Q+kjk vnk djs pkj
ekg dh eqn~nr xqt+jus ds ckn v+kSjr Q+L[ks+ fudkg+ dk eqrkyck
dj ldrh gSA

dqjku ethn esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&

cskd vYykg rv+kyk us ml v+kSjr dh ckr lqu yh gS tks vkils
vius kkSgj ds ckjs esa bd+jkj dj jgh Fkh vkSj vYykg rv+kyk ls
Qf+j;kn dj jgh Fkh vkSj vYykg rv+kyk vki nksuks ds ckgeh
loky o tokc lqu jgk Fkk cskd vYykg rv+kyk [kwc lquus
okyk [kwc ns[kus okyk gS rqeesa ls tks yksx viuh chfo;ksa ls
ft+gkj dj cSBs gSa ;kuh ;s dg cSBs gSa fd rqe eq> ij esjh ek dh
rjg gks rks ;s dgus ls oks mudh ek ugha gks tkrh mudh
ek,sa rks flQ+Z ogh gSa ftUgksus mudks tuk gS vkSj cskd oks yksx
cqjh vkSj >wBh ckr dgrs gSa vkSj cskd vYykg rv+kyk t+:j nj
xqt+j Q+jekus okyk cM+k c[+kus okyk gS vkSj tks yksx viuh
chfo;ksa ls ft+gkj dj cSBs fQj tks dgk gS mlls iyVuk pkgsa rks
 76

,d xjnu xq+yke ;k cknh dks vkt+kn djuk ykft+e gS d+Cy

blds fd oks ,d nwljs dks el djsa rqEgsa bl ckr dh ulhgr
dh tkrh gS vkSj vYykg rv+kyk mu dkeksa ls [kwc vkxkg gS tks
rqe djrs gks fQj ftls xqyke ;k cknh e;Llj u gks rks nks
ekg eqrokfrj jkst+sa j[kuk ykft+e gS d+Cy blds fd oks ,d
nwljs dks el djsa fQj tks k[+l bldh Hkh rkd+r u j[krk gks
rks lkB feLdhuksa dks [kkuk f[kykuk ykft+e gS ;s blfy;s fd
rqe vYykg vkSj mlds jlwy ij bZeku j[kks vkSj ;s vYykg
rv+kyk dh eqd+jZj dnkZ gq+nwn gSa vkSj dkfQ+jksa ds fy;s nnZukd
v+t+kc gSA lw0&eqtkfnyk&1&rk&4

&% ft+gkj ls eqrv+fYyd+ pUn vg+knhl %&

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd ,d k[+l us viuh
choh ls ft+gkj fd;k vkSj fQj mlls ftekv+ dj fy;k fQj uch
djhe lYy0 dh f[k+ner es g+kftj gqvk vkSj v+t+Z fd;k fd
eSus d+Q+kjk dh vnk;xh ls igys viuh choh ls eqckkjr dj
yh gS vki lYy0 us Q+jek;k vc ml oD+r rd mlds ikl u
tk tc rd vYykg rv+kyk dk bjkkn iwjk u dj ysA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@489&g0&3490
frfeZt+h&1@661&g0&1199
vLd+ykuh&cqywxqyejke&2@710&g0&934

uch djhe lYy0 ls v+tZ+ fd;k x;k fd tks ft+gkj

djus okyk fd lqgor dj cSBs d+Cy d+Q+kjk nsus ls rks vki
lYy0 us Q+jek;k&ml ij ,d gh d+Q+kjk gSA
frfeZt+h&1@661&g0&1198
 77

&% eqrYyd+k en[kw+yk dh b+n~nr %&

bjkkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&
vkSj rykd+ ;k+rk v+kSjrsa vius vkidks rhu gS+t+ rd jksds j[ksa
lw0&cd++jkg&228

vkSj rqEgkjh v+kSjrksa es tks gS+t+ ls ek;wl gks pqdh gksa

vxj rqEgs kd gks fd mudh b+n~nr D;k gksxh rks mudh
b+n~nr rhu eghus gS vkSj oks v+kSjrsa ftUgsa vHkh gS+t+ ugha vk;k
mudh Hkh b+n~nr ;gh gS lw0&rykd+&4

&% b+n~nr ls eqrv+fyd+ pUn vg+knhl %&

v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej jft+0 ls fjok;r gS tc v+kSjr rhljs gS+t+ esa
nkf[k+y gks tk;s rks ml [k+kfoUn ds fy;s ml ij jqtwv+ ughaA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@640&g0&15388

mEeqy eksfeuhu g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 ls fjok;r gS

fd tc rykd+ kqnk v+kSjr rhljs gS+t+ esa nkf[k+y gks tk;s rks oks
mlls cjh gksxhA cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@638&g0&15384

g+t+jr v+yh fcu vcw rkfyc jft+0 us Q+jek;k&tc vkneh

viuh choh dks rykd+ ns ns rks oks mldk T+;knk g+d+nkj gS tc
rd fd oks rhljs gS+t+ dk xq+Ly u dj ysA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@643&g0&15395

g+t+jr m+ej o g+t+jr v+CnqYyk vkSj g+t+jr vcw ewlk jft+0 ls

ml k[+l ds ckjs esa fjok;r gS ftlus viuh choh dks rykd+ nh
fQj oks g+kbt+k gks xbZ tc oks rhljs gS+t+ dks igqph rks mlus
mlls jqtwv+ dj fy;k mlds xq+Ly djus ls igys Q+jekrs gSa fd
oks mldk T+;knk g+d+nkj gS tc rd fd oks rhljs g+St+ dk xq+Ly
 78

u dj ysA cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@643&g0&15397

g+t+jr bczkghe] g+t+jr vcw fdykck] g+t+jr g+lu] g+t+jr lbZn

fcu eqlb;c jg+0 Q+jekrs gSa vxj vkneh us viuh choh dks
gj gS+t+ ij ,d rykd+ nh rks mldh b+n~nr igyh rykd+ ls
gksxh vxj bl njfe;ku jqtwv+ u fd;k gksA
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@378&g0&18065

g+t+jr bCus m+ej jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd rykd+ kqnk v+kSjr

vkSj oks v+kSjr ftldk [k+kfoUn Q+kSr gks tk;s oks mlh fnu ls
b+n~nr kqekj djs ftl fnu mldk [k+kfoUn Q+kSr gqvk Fkk ;k
ftl fnu mls rykd+ nh xbZ gksA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@662&g0&15445

&% ftl gS+t+ esa rykd+ nh xbZ mls b+n~nr esa

kqekj ugha fd;k tk;sxk %&
tks k[+l viuh v+kSjr dks g+kyrs gS+t+ esa ;k g+kyrs fuQ++kl esa
rykd+ ns rks ml v+kSjr ij rhu g+St+ b+n~nr gS ml [kwu ds
vykok ftlesa mldks rykd+ nh xbZA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@645&g0&15403

&% g+keyk g+kbt+k ugha gksrh %&

mEeqy eksfeuhu g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 ls fjok;r gS
,d v+kSjr vkids ikl vk;h vkSj dgk eSa g+kbt+k gw vkSj eSa
g+keyk Hkh gw g+t+jr vk;kk jft+0 us Q+jek;k rw xq+Ly dj vkSj
uekt+ i<+ g+keyk v+kSjr g+kbt+k ugha gksrhA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@658&g0&15433
 79

Q+okbn o elkby%& vxj tqnkbZ [kq+yv+ ;k Q+L[ks+ fudkg+ dh

lwjr esa gks rks b+n~nr ,d gS+t+ gS vkSj gS+t+ u vkus dh lwjr esa
b+n~nr ,d eghuk gS vkSj g+keyk pkgs csck gks ;k eqrYyd+k
rykd+ ;k+rk mldh b+n~nr ot+v+ g+ey gS ;kuh cPpk turs
gh b+n~nr [k+Re gks tkrh gS vkSj x+Sj en[k+wyk pkgs csck gks ;k
eqrYyd+k dh dksbZ b+n~nr ugha rykd+ jtbZ ;k eqx+fYyt+k dh
b+n~nr rhu g+St+ gS vkSj gS+t+ u vkus dh lwjr esa rhu eghuk
d+ejh b+n~nr gS csck dh b+n~nr pkj ekg nl fnu gS vxj
dksbZ v+kSjr b+n~nrs rykd+ ;k b+n~nrs Q+L[k+s fudkg+ xqt+kj jgh gS
vkSj bl nkSjku mldk [k+kfoUn Q+kSr gks tk;s rks mldh lkfcd+k
b+n~nr lkfd++r gks tk;sxhA

vkSj vc mlds fy;s b+n~nr oQ+kr ;kuh pkj ekg nl

fnu xqt+kjuk okftc gksxk vkSj oks [k+kfoUn dh fojklr ls fgLlk
Hkh ik;sxh b+n~nr pkgs dksbZ lh gks nkSjkus b+n~nr fudkg+ tkbt+
ugha vxj dksbZ k[+l yk b+Yeh dh otg ls nkSjkus b+n~nr
fudkg+ djs vkSj rv+kYyqd+krs t+ksft;r Hkh d+k;e djs rc Hkh
Q+jhd+Su ds njfe;ku rQ++jhd+ tqnkbZ ykft+e gksxh vycRrk
ckn b+n~nr vxj oks 'k[+l pkgs rks nksckjk fudkg+ dj ldrk gSA
 79

Q+okbn o elkby%& vxj tqnkbZ [kq+yv+ ;k Q+L[ks+ fudkg+ dh

lwjr esa gks rks b+n~nr ,d gS+t+ gS vkSj gS+t+ u vkus dh lwjr esa
b+n~nr ,d eghuk gS vkSj g+keyk pkgs csck gks ;k eqrYyd+k
rykd+ ;k+rk mldh b+n~nr ot+v+ g+ey gS ;kuh cPpk turs
gh b+n~nr [k+Re gks tkrh gS vkSj x+Sj en[k+wyk pkgs csck gks ;k
eqrYyd+k dh dksbZ b+n~nr ugha rykd+ jtbZ ;k eqx+fYyt+k dh
b+n~nr rhu g+St+ gS vkSj gS+t+ u vkus dh lwjr esa rhu eghuk
d+ejh b+n~nr gS csck dh b+n~nr pkj ekg nl fnu gS vxj
dksbZ v+kSjr b+n~nrs rykd+ ;k b+n~nrs Q+L[k+s fudkg+ xqt+kj jgh gS
vkSj bl nkSjku mldk [k+kfoUn Q+kSr gks tk;s rks mldh lkfcd+k
b+n~nr lkfd++r gks tk;sxhA

vkSj vc mlds fy;s b+n~nr oQ+kr ;kuh pkj ekg nl

fnu xqt+kjuk okftc gksxk vkSj oks [k+kfoUn dh fojklr ls fgLlk
Hkh ik;sxh b+n~nr pkgs dksbZ lh gks nkSjkus b+n~nr fudkg+ tkbt+
ugha vxj dksbZ k[+l yk b+Yeh dh otg ls nkSjkus b+n~nr
fudkg+ djs vkSj rv+kYyqd+krs t+ksft;r Hkh d+k;e djs rc Hkh
Q+jhd+Su ds njfe;ku rQ++jhd+ tqnkbZ ykft+e gksxh vycRrk
ckn b+n~nr vxj oks 'k[+l pkgs rks nksckjk fudkg+ dj ldrk gSA
 80

&% eqrYyd+k xS+j en[k+w+yk dh b+n~nr %&

vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&
,s bZeku okyks tc rqe eksfeu v++kSjrksa ls fudkg+ djks fQj rqe
mUgsa rykd+ ns nks d+Cy blds fd rqe mUgsa el djks ;kuh
[k+Yor lg+hg+k djks rks rqEgkjs fy;s mu ij dksbZ b+n~nr okftc
ugha gS fd rqe mls kqekj djus yxksA lw0&vg+t+kc&49

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd n[k+ksy ls igys

ftl v+kSjr dks rykd+ ns nh xbZ gks mlds fy;s flQ+Z vk/kk
egj gS vkSj ml ij b+n~nr ughaA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@661&g0&15443

&% eqrYyd+k viuh b+n~nr dgk xqt+kjs %&

bjkkns ckjh rv+kyk gS& vkSj mUgsa muds ?kjksa ls ckgj er

fudkyks vkSj u oks [kqn ckgj fudys flok;s blds fd oks [kqyh
csg;kbZ dk bjfrd+kc dj cSBsa vkSj ;s vYykg dh eqd+jZjk g+nsa
gSa vkSj tks k[+l vYykg dh gnwn ls rtkoqt+ djs gn ls vkxs
c<+ tk;s rks cskd mlus viuh tku ij tq+Ye fd;k gSA
lw0&rykd+&1

,d vkSj ed+ke vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&

rqe mu eqrYyd+k v+kSjrksa dks ogha j[kks tgk rqe viuh oqlv+r
ds eqrkfcd+ jgrs gks vkSj mUgsa rdyhQ+ er igqpkvks fd mu ij
jgus dk fBdkuk rax dj nksA lw0&rykd+&6

&% b+n~nr xqt+kjus ls eqrv+fYyd+ pUn vgknhl %&

d+kfle fcu eqg+Een o lqyseku fcu ;lkj c;ku djrs gSa fd
;kg~;k fcu lbZn fcu vYv+kl us v+Cnqy jg+eku fcu g+de dh
 81

Lkkg+ct+knh dks rykd+ ns nh Fkh vkSj muds cki v+Cnqy jg+eku

mUgsa muds 'kkSgj ds ?kj ls ys vk;s b+n~nr ds vb;ke xqt+jus
ls igys g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd++k jft+0 dks tc ;s ekywe gqvk
rks mUgksus ejoku fcu g+de ds ;gk tks ml oD+r enhus dk
g+kfde Fkk dgyok;k&fd vYykg ls Mjks vkSj yM+dh dks mlds
?kj tgk mls rykd+ gqbZ igqpknksA cq[k+kjh&lg+h&7@84&g0&
&5321 vcw nkn&lquu&2@750&g0&2295
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@681&g0&15491

Q+kfrek fcUrs d+Sl jft+0 ls fjok;r gS eq>s esjs [k+kfoUn us rhu

rykd+ ns nh eSaus eqUrfd+y gksus dk bjknk fd;k vkSj eSa
jlwyqYykg lYy0 ds ikl vk;h rks vki lYy0 us Q+jek;k
rw bCus eDrwe ds ?kj eqUrfd+y gks tk bLgkd+ dgrs gSa tc
bldks kv+ch us c;ku fd;k rks vLon us mldks dadjh ekjh
vkSj dgk rsjs fy;s gykdr gks rw c;ku djrk gS ;k Q+rok nsrk
gS oks g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 ds ikl vk;h rks g+t+jr m+ej jft+0
us dgk vxj rw nks xokg yk;s vkSj xokgh ns fd mu nksuksa us
gqtwj lYy0 ls lquk gS ugha rks ojuk ge ,d v+kSjr ds d+kSy
dh otg ls vYykg rv+kyk dks ugha NksM+ ldrs vkSj vYykg
rv+kyk dk d+kSy gS&fd mUgsa muds ?kjksa ls ckgj er fudkyks
vkSj u oks [kqn ckgj fudysaA lw0&rykd+&1
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@676&g0&15479
nkj dqruh&lquu&3@261&g0&3961

bCus eSewu oks vius okfyn ls ud+y Q+jekrs gSa fd eSus lbZn
fcu eqlb;c ls dgk fd rykd+ lyklk rhu rykd+ okyh
v+kSjr b+n~nr dgk xqt+kjs rks Q+jek;k&vius ?kj esa b+n~nr xqt+kjs
eSus dgk D;k jlwyqYykg lYy0 us Q+kfrek fcUrs d+Sl dks gqDe
ugha fn;k fd oks bCus eDrwe ds ?kj esa b+n~nr xqt+kjs Q+jek;k&;s
oks v+kSjr gS ftlus yksxksa dks fQ+Rus es Mkyk gqvk Fkk vkSj oks
vius tsB ij cn t+ckuh fd;k djrh Fkh rks gqtwj lYy0 us
gqDe fn;k fd bCus eDrwe ds ?kj b+n~nr xqt+kj oks uchuk vkneh
gSaA cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@682&g0&15493
 82

mokZg fcu tqcSj us g+t+jr vk;'kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 ls dgk fd

vki Qqykuk fcUrs g+de dk ekeyk ugha ns[krh fd muds 'kkSgj
us mUgsa rykd+ ckbuk ns nh vkSj oks ogk Lks fudy vk;ha b+n~nr
xqt+kjs cx+Sj g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 us Q+jek;k tks
dqN mlus fd;k cgqr cqjk fd;k mokZg us dgk vkius Q+kfrek
fcUrs d+Sl jft+0 ds okfd+;s ds eqrv+fYyd+ ugha lquk vkius
Q+jek;k fd mlds fy;s bl g+nhl dks ft+ djus esa dksbZ [+kSj
ugha gS Q+kfrek fcUrs dS+l jft+0 ,d mtkM+ txg esa Fkh vkSj
mlds pkjks rjQ+ [k+kSQ+ vkSj cgkr cjlrh Fkh blfy;s uch
djhe lYy0 us ogk ls eqUrfd+y gksus dh mUgsa btkt+r ns
nh FkhA
cq[k+kjh&lg+h&7@85&g0&5325
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@531&g0&18976

fgkke fcu mokZg vius okfyn ls ud+y Q+jekrs gSa fd mEeqy

eksfeuhu g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 us Q+kfrek fcUrs d+Sl
jft+0 dh gnhl ij knhn ,Sc yxk;k vkSj Q+jek;k fd oks
ohjku edku esa Fkh mlds fdukjs ij [k+kSQ+ eglwl fd;k x;k
blfy;s gqtwj lYy0 us mls ogk ls :[k+lr nhA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@682&g0&15495
 83

&% csck dh b+n~nr dk c;ku %&

vkSj rqe esa ls tks Q+kSr gks tk;sa vkSj viuh chfo;k NksM+ tk;sa
rks oks vius vki dks pkj ekg nl fnu bfUrt+kj esa jksds j[ksaA
lw0&cd+jkg&234

vkSj rqe esa ls tks yksx Q++kSr gks tk;sa vkSj viuh chfo;k NksM+
tk;sa mu ij ykft+e gS fd ejus ls igys viuh chfo;ksa ds fy;s
mUgsa ,d lky rd dk [k+pkZ nsus vkSj vius ?kjksa ls u fudkys
tkus dh olhv+r dj tk;sa fQj vxj oks [kqn viuh et+hZ ls
fudy tk;sa rks nLrwj ds eqrkfcd+ tks dqN Hkh oks vius g+d+ esa
djsa rqe ij bl eqv+keys esa dksbZ xqukg ughaA lw0&cd+jkg&240

&% csck dh b+n~nr ls eqrv++fYyd+ pUn vgknhl %&

gt+jr mEes g+chck jft+0 Q+jekrh gSa fd uch djhe lYy0 us
bjkkn Qjek;k&vYykg rv+kyk vkSj d+;ker ds fnu ij bZeku
ykus okyh fdlh [k+krwu ds fy;s tkbt+ ugha fd oks fdlh ds
bfUrd+ky ij rhu fnu ls T+;knk x+e euk;s vycRrk kkSgj dh
oQ+kr ij pkj ekg nl jkst+ rd b+n~nr xqt+kjsA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@510&g0&3533 frfeZt+h&lquu&1@659&
g0&1195 cq[k+kjh&lg+h&7@90&g0&5334 vcw nkn&lquu
&2@752&g0&2299 nkjeh&lq u u&2@207&g0&2329

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls fjok;r gS oks bl vk;rs eqckjdk

oYyt+huk ;qrko+Qwuk feUdqe&&&&&lw0&cd+jkg&240 ls
eqrv+fYyd c;ku djrs gSa fd ;s vk;rs djhek ehjkl dh vk;rs
djhek lw0&fulk&12 ls eUlw[k+ gS ftlesa choh dks pkSFks vkSj
vkBosa fgLls dk rt+fdjk gS uht+ ,d lky rd b+n~nr esa jgus
dk gqDe Hkh pkj ekg nl fnu ls eUlw[k+ gks x;k gSA
 84

ulkbZ&lquu&2@528&g0&3576
vcwnkn&lquu&2@749&g0&2291] 2@752&g0&2298
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@666&g0&15461

elkby%& [k+kfoUn dh oQ+kr ds ckn mldh fojklr esa ls

mldh choh dks vkBok fgLlk feyrk gS vxj [k+kfoUn dh
vkSykn gks rks vkSj vxj [k+kfoUn dh vkSykn u gks rks [k+kfoUn
dh fojklr esa ls pkSFkk fgLlk feyrk gS tSlk fd lw0&fulk esa
vk;r u0&12 ij et+dwj gSA

g+t+jr bCus m+ej jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd rykd+ kqnk

v+kSjr vkSj oks v+kSjr ftldk [k+kfoUn Q+kSr gks tk;s oks mlh fnu
ls b+n~nr dks kqekj djs ftl fnu mldk [k+kfoUn Q+kSr gks ;k
ftl fnu mls rykd+ nh xbZ gksA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@662&g0&15445
 85

&% csok viuh b+n~nr dgk xqt+kjs %&

bjkkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&
vkSj mUgsa vius ?kjksa ls u fudkys tkus dh olhv+r dj tk;s
fQj vxj oks [kqn viuh et+hZ ls fudy tk;s rks nLrwj ds
eqrkfcd+ tks dqN Hkh oks vius g+d+ esa djsa rqe ij bl eqv+keys esa
dksbZ xqukg ughaA lw0&cd+jkg&240

ot+kg+r%& et+dwjk vk;rs djhek dk bkkjk ;s gS fd ftl v+kSjr

dk [k+kfoUn Q+kSr gks tk;s rks ml v+kSjr csok dks ?kj ls u
fudkyk tk;s ;kuh csok viuh pkj ekg nl fnu dh b+n~nr mlh
?kj esa iwjh djs tgk oks vius [k+kfoUn ds lkFk jgrh Fkh vycRrk
csok vxj viuh et+hZ ls vius [k+kfoUn ds ?kj ls fdlh nwljh
txg eqUrfd+y gksuk pkgs rks gks ldrh ;kuh csok viuh et+hZ ds
eqrkfcd+ tgk pkgs b+n~nr xqt+kjs pkgs vius [k+kfoUn ds ?kj pkgs
vius eak;ds esa ;k fdlh fjrsnkj ds ;gk b+n~nr xqt+kjus dk g+d+
j[krh gS vkSj et+dwjk vk;rs djhek ds eqrv+fYyd+ vke
eqQ+fLljhu dk d+kSy ;s gS fd ,d lky dh b+n~nr okyh vk;r
lw0&cdjkg&240 eUlw[k+ gS vkSj pkj eghuk nl fnu dh
b+n~nr okyh vk;r lw0&cd+jkg&234 mldh ukfl[k+ eUlw[k+
djus okyh gS igys ,d lky dh b+n~nr dk gqDe gqvk Fkk fQj
vYykg rv+kyk us csok dh b+n~nr dh eqn~nr ,d lky ls
?kVkdj pkj eghuk nl fnu j[khA

vycRrk csok pkj eghuk nl fnu b+n~nr xqt+kjus ds

ckn Hkh lkr eghuk chl fnu vkSj llqjky esa jguk pkgs ;kuh
,d lky iwjk gksus rd vxj csok viuh llqjky esa jguk pkgs
rks llqjky okys mls fudky ugha ldrs vkSj oks mlh edku esa
b+n~nr xqt+kjs tgk oks kkSgj ds lkFk eqd+he FkhA

g+t+jr QqjSv+k fcUrs ekfyd ls ejoh gS esjk [k+kfoUn

vius xq+ykeksa dks <w<us fudyk vkSj bykd+k d+nwe ds fdukjs
 86

enhuk equOojk ls N% ehy nwj ,d txg mudks ik;k ysfdu

x+qykeksa us mUgsa ekj Mkyk eSa uch djhe lYy0 ds ikl vk;h
vkSj v+t+Z fd;k ;k jlwyqYykg esjs [k+kfoUn dh ekSr dh bfRryk
vk;h gS vkSj eSa nwljs ?kj esa gw tks nwj gS esjs vkSj esjs Hkkb;ksa ds
?kj ls vkSj esjs [k+kfoUn us dqN ojlk ejus okys dk eky ugha
NksM+k ftldks [k+pZ d: ;k okfjl cuwa u gh esjk t+krh ?kj gS
vc vxj vki btkt+r Q+jek;sa rks eSa fjrsnkjksa vkSj Hkkb;ksa ds
?kj pyh tk ;s eq>s equkflc yxrk gS fd blls eq>s lgwfy;r
gks tk;sxh vki lYy0 us Q+jek;k&mlh ?kj esa jg tgk rsjs
[k+kfoUn ds ejus dh [k+cj vk;h ;gk rd fd dqjku dh crkbZ
gqbZ eqn~nr iwjh gks tk;sA bCus ektk&lquu&2@89&g0&2031
frfeZt+h&lquu&1@665&g0&1204 vcw nkn&lquu&2@754
&g0&2300 cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@483&g0&15497 bCus
vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@567&g0&19188 bCus fgCcku&
lg+h&5@327&g0&4292 nkjeh&lquu&2@209&g0&2333
fedkr&2@146&g0&31887

ckt+ vkSd+kr dksbZ ,slk m+T+j nkSjkus b+n~nr g+kby gks rks
csok v+kSjr ml edku ls eqUrfd+y gks ldrh gS elyu fe;k&
choh fdjk;s ds edku esa jgrs Fks [k+kfoUn dh oQ+kr ds ckn
vkenuh ds t+jk, eg+nwn gks x;s ;k edku ekfyd us edku
[kkyh djk fy;k ;k edku esa v+t+ht+ o vd+kfjc us bruk rax
fd;k fd ogk vb;kes b+n~nr xqt+kjuk eqfdy gks tk;s rks oks
fdlh nwljs edku esa b+n~nr xqt+kj ldrh gSA

g+t+jr v+rk c;ku djrs gSa fd g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0

us Q+jek;k vk;rs djhek x+Sjk b[+jkt&&&&&lw0&cd+jkg&240
us v+kSjr ds fy;s kkSgj ds ?kj esa b+n~nr xqt+kjus dks eUlw[k+ dj
fn;k lks csok tgk pkgs b+n~nr xqt+kjs v+rk us bl d+kSy dh
ot+kgr esa dgk pkgs rks kkSgj ds ?kj b+n~nr xqt+kjs tSlk fd
mlds fy;s olhv+r gS vkSj pkgs rks :[k+lr gks tk;s D;ksafd
vYykg rv+kyk us Q+jek;k&Q+bu [k+jtuk Q+yk tqukg+k&&&&&
&lw0&cd+jkg&240 v+rk dgrs gS fQj vk;r ehjkl ukft+y gqbZ
 87

lw0&fulk&12 il oks lduk fjgk;k Hkh eUlw[k+ gks x;k rks

tgk pkgs b+n~nr xqt+kjsA vcw nkn&lquu&2@756&g0&2301
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@686&g0&15506

ot+kg+r%& [k+kfoUn dh oQ+kr ds ckn v+kSjr ds fy;s elyk&,&

b+n~nr lw0&cd+jkg dh nks vk;kr esa ft+ gqvk gS igyh vk;r
&234 esa&vkSj tks yksx rqeesa ls Q+kSr gks tk;sa vkSj NksM+ tk;sa
viuh chfo;k rks pkfg;s fd v+kSjrsa vius vki dks pkj ekg nl
fnu rd jksds j[ksa fQj mlds ckn vk;kr u0&240 esa gS fd
rqeesa ls tks yksx Q+kSr gks tk;sa vkSj NksM+ tk;sa viuh chfo;k rks
mu ij ykft+e gS fd viuh chfo;ksa ds fy;s olhv+r dj tk;sa
fd mUgsa ,d lky rd [k+pZ nsuk gS vkSj ?kj ls fudkyuk Hkh
ugha vxj oks [kqn fudy tk;sa vkSj vius g+d+ esa Hkyh ckr djsa
rks mldk rqe ij dksbZ xq+ukg ughaA

rks et+dwjk nksuks vk;kr ls g+kfly ,d ekSfd+Q+ ;s gS

fd ,d lky rd uQ+d+k o lduk [k+pkZ o fjgk;k dk gqDe
igys dk gS fQj mls eUlw[k+ dj fn;k x;k vkSj kkSgjksa ij tks
ikcUnh Fkh fd ,d lky rd dk [k+pkZ vkSj lduk ns rks oks
fojklr ds vg+dke lw0&fulk&12 ukft+y gksus ij ;s Hkh
eUlw[k+ gks x;k vkSj v+kSjr csok mlh ?kj esa b+n~nr xqt+kjs tgk
oks vius kkSgj ds lkFk eqd+he Fkh vkSj mldh b+n~nr ,d lky
ls ?kVkdj pkj ekg nl fnu dj nh xbZA

nwljk ekSfQ+d+ ;s gS fd nksuks vk;kr esa ls ,d Hkh

eUlw[k+ u gqbZ ;kuh igyh vk;kr lw0&cd+jkg&234 esa csck dh
b+n~nr pkj ekg nl fnu eqd+jZj gqbZ vkSj nwljh vk;kr
lw0&cd+jkg&240 esa csok v+kSjrksa ds eqrv+fYyd+ bruk bt+kQ+k
fd;k x;k fd kkSgjksa ds okfjlksa dks olhv+r ds eqrkfcd+ ,d
lky rd [k+pZ o lduk nsuk vkSj csok dk viuh et+hZ ls vius
kkSgj ds edku ls eqUrfd+y gksus dk ft+ gS ;kuh csok dk
fojklr esa fgLlk ysus ds ckn Hkh mls olhv+r ds eqrkfcd+ ,d
lky rd [k+pkZ fn;k tk;s vkSj mUgsa edku ls u fudkyk tk;s
 88

vxj oks [kqn fudy tk;sa rks dksbZ xqukg ugha vkSj vxj kkSgj us
ejus ls igys olhv+r u dh gks rks csok dks ,d lky rd [k+pkZ
kkSgjksa ds okfjlksa ij ykft+e ugha gS gk vxj ,d lky rd csok
dks [k+pkZ fn;k tk;s rks csgrj gS D;ksafd v+kSjr dks ,d lky rd
[k+pZ vkSj jgus dks fjgk;k dk bfUrt+ke djuk ;s v+kSjr ds lkFk
gqLus lqywd djus dk t+k;n usd v+ey gS tks ckbls vTjks lokc
gS vxj csok dks mlds ejgwe kkSgj dh ehjkl esa fgLlk Hkh feys
vkSj ,d lky rd [k+pZ Hkh eb;r ds eky ls feys rks ;s et+hn
csgrj gSA
 89

&% b+n~nr g+keyk %&

dqjku ethn esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&
vkSj g+keyk v+kSjrsa rks mudh b+n~nr ot+v+ g+ey gSA
lw0&rykd+&4

lqcSv+k fcUrs gkfjl us [k+kfoUn dh oQ+kr ds chl fnu

ds ckn cPpk tuk tc oks fuQ+kl ls Q+kfjx+ gqbZ rks mUgksusa
cukvks flaxkj fd;k rks yksxks dks vpEHkk gqvk vkSj mUgksusa uch
djhe lYy0 ls mldk g+ky c;ku fd;k rks vki lYy0 us
Q+jek;k&cskd oks flaxkj djs fd mldh b+n~nr eqdEey gks
pqdhA
bCus ektk&lquu&2@88&g0&2027
cq[k+kjh&lg+h&7@82&g0&5318
eqflye&lg+h&4@128&g0&3732
frfeZt+h&lquu&1@65&g0&1193
vcw nkn&lquu&2@760&g0&2306
fedkr&2@145&g0&3184
bCus fg+Ccku&lg+h&5@329&g0&4294
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@670&g0&15468
nkjeh&lquu&2@207&g0&2327

g+keyk [+okg csok gks ;k eqrYyd+k rykd+ ;k+rk mldh b+n~nr

cPps tuus ds lkFk gh [k+Re gks tkrh gSA
 90

&% vb;kes b+n~nr v+kSjr fdu mewj ls

btfrukc djs %&
g+t+jr mEes v+rh;k jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd uch djhe lYy0
us Q+jek;k v+kSjr fdlh eb;r ij rhu fnu ls T+;knk lksx u
djs dksbZ jaxhu diM+k u igus exj oks diM+k ftldh fcukbZ gh
jaxhu /kkxksa ls gks u lqjek yxk;s u ts+cj igus vkSj u gh [kqcw
dk bLrseky djs exj gS+t+ ls rgkjr ds oD+r ekewyh dqLr o
vt+Q+kj dh [kqkcw bLrseky dj ldrh gSA
vcw nkn&lquu&2@757&g0&2302
nkjeh&lquu&2@209&g0&2332
bCus fg+Ccku&lg+h&5@339&g0&4305
fedkr&2@119&g0&3187

Q+okbn o elkby%& lksx ds ek;uh gS x+e o jat vkSj nkSjkus

lksx t+Sc o t+hur dks rdZ dj nsuk ,d nwljh fjok;r esa
vb;kes b+n~nr esa esagnh yxkus dh eqekfu;r gS ftl v+kSjr dk
kkSgj Q+kSr gks tk;s mlds fy;s gqDe gS fd kkSgj dh oQ+kr ds
ckn nkSjkus b+n~nr v+kSjr dk lqjek yxkuk] f[k+t+kc yxkuk] jaxhu
fyckl iguuk] [kqcw yxkuk tkbt+ ugha vycRrk g+St+ ls ikd
gksus ij FkksM+h [kqcw yxk ldrh gS vkSj rykd+ eqx+fYyt+k okyh
v+kSjr Hkh tS+c o t+hur ds gqDe esa csok dh rjg gS vkSj rykd+
jtbZ okyh v+kSjr tS+c o t+hur dks bf[+r;kj djsA
 91

&% csok o eqrYyd+k nkSjkus b+n~nr t+:jr ds

fy;s edku ls fudy ldrh gS %&
g+t+jr tkfcj fcu v+CnqYyk jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd mldh
[kkyk dks rykd+ nh xbZ rks mUgksusa vius [k+t+wjksa ds ckx+ esa tkus
dk bjknk fd;k vkSj oks f[k+ners ucoh esa g+kft+j gqbZa rks vki
lYy0 us Q+jek;k rqe vius ckx+ esa pyh tkvks vkSj rqe mlds
Qy rksM+ks rkfd rqe ln~d+k nks ;k dksbZ vkSj usd dke djksA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@531&g0&3583 eqfLye&lg+h&4@127&g0
&3721 bCus ektk&lquu&2@91&g0&2034 vcw nkn&lquu
&2@751&g0&2297 fedkr&2@145&g0&3183 nkjeh&
lquu&2@210&2334 cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@689&g0&15511

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd fdlh v+kSjr

ds fy;s tkbt+ ugha fd oks ,d jkr vius ?kj ls ckgj xqt+kjs
tc oks vius [k+kfoUn dh oQ+kr dh b+n~nr esa gks ;k b+n~nrs
rykd+ esa flQZ fnu dks t+:jr ds fy;s fudy ldrh gS
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@690&g0&15513

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd

rykd+ kqnk v+kSjr vkSj oks v+kSjr ftldk [k+kfoUn Q+kSr gks pqdk
gks oks fnu esa fudys vkSj eqdEey jkr vius ?kj ds vykok
fdlh nwljs ?kj esa u xqt+kjsA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@690&g0&15514

;g~;k fcu lbZn ls fjok;r gS fd ,d csok v+kSjr

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej jft+0 ds ikl vk;h vkSj mlus vius
[k+kfoUn dh oQ+kr dk rt+fdjk fd;k vkSj viuh [ksrh dk Hkh
ft+ fd;k tks dukg ukeh txg esa Fkh rks mldks ogk jkr
xqt+kjus ds fy;s euk fd;k x;k fQj oks enhuk ls lqcg lgjh
ds oD+r fudyrh vkSj oks fnu viuh [ksrh esa xqt+kjrh vkSj tc
 92

'kke gks tkrh rks oks enhuk equOojk esa nkf[k+y gks tkrh vkSj
jkr vius ?kj esa xqt+kjrhA
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@691&g0&15515

csok vkSj eqrYyd+k nkSjkus b+n~nr tkbt+ o t+:jr ds

fy;s fnu esa ?kj ls fudy ldrh gS vycRrk mldks jkr gj
g+ky esa vius ?kj esa xqt+kjuh gksxhA
 93

&% uku o uQ+d+k %&

&% eqrYyd+k dk uku o uQ+d+k %&
[k+kfoUn viuh choh ds uQ+d+s dk d+Q+hy ft+Eesnkj gS flok;s
blds fd choh [k+kfoUn ds f[k+ykQ+ fdlh kjbZ m+T+j ds cx+S+j
mlls v+ySg+nk fjgk;k bf[+r;kj dj ys ;k uqkwt+ dh eqjrfdc
gks v+kSjr dk uqkwt+ ;s gS fd oks vius [k+kfoUn ls cqX+t+ j[ks ;k
ukQ++jekuh djs ;k viuh vk[kssa x+Sj enZ dh rjQ+ mBk;sA

dqjku ethn esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&

enZ v+kSjrksa ij eqg+kfQ+t+ vkSj eqUrft+e gSa blfy;s fd vYykg
rv+kyk us muesa ckt+ dks ckt+ ij Q+t+hyr nh gS vkSj bl otg
ls Hkh fd enZ mu ij viuk eky [k+pZ djrs gSa il usd
chfo;k brkv+r fkv+kj gksrh gaSA lw0&fulk&34

,d vkSj ed+ke ij vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS fd

lkfg+cs oqlv+r dks viuh oqlv+r ds fyg+kt+ ls [k+pZ djuk
pkfg;s vkSj ftl k[+l ij mldk fjT+d+ rax dj fn;k x;k gks
rks oks mlh jkst+h es ls crkSj uQ+d+k [k+pZ djs tks mls vYykg
rv+kyk us v+rk Q+jekbZ gSA lw0&rykd+&7

,d vkSj nwljs ed+ke ij bjkkns ckjh rv+kyk gS rqe ij

bl ckr esa Hkh dksbZ xqukg ugha fd vxj rqeus viuh eUdwgk
v+kSjrksa dks muds Nwus ;k muds egj eqd+jZj djus ls Hkh igys
rykd+ ns nh gS rks mUgsa ,slh lwjr esa equkflc [k+pkZ nks oqlv+r
okys ij mldh gSfl;r ds eqrkfcd ykft+e gS vkSj rax nLr
ij mldh gSfl;r ds eqrkfcd+ ;s [k+pkZ equkflc rjhd+s ij fn;k
tk;s ;s HkykbZ djus okyksa ij okftc gS vkSj vxj rqeus mUgsa
Nwus ls igys rykd+ ns nh tcfd rqe mudk egj eqd+jZj dj
pqds Fks rks ml egj dk tks rqeus eqd+jZj fd;k Fkk mldk fuLQ+
vk/kk nsuk t+:jh gS flok;s blds fd oks viuk g+d+ [kqn ekQ++
 94

dj ns ;k oks 'kkSgj ftlds gkFk esa fudkg+ dh fxjg gS ekQ+

dj ns ;kuh ctk; fuLQ+ ds T+;knk ;k iwjk vnk dj ns vkSj
,s enksZ vxj rqe ekQ+ dj nks rks ;s rd+ck ds d+jhc rj gS vkSj
vkil esa ,g+lku djuk u Hkwyk djksA lw0&cd+jkg&236] 237

lw0&fulk esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&

,s bZeku okyks rqEgkjs fy;s ;s g+yky ugha fd rqe t+cjnLrh
v+kSjrksa ds okfjl cu tkvks vkSj mUgsa bl x+jt+ ls u jksd j[kks
fd tks eky rqeus mUgsa fn;k Fkk mlesa ls dqN okil ys yks
flok; blds fd oks [kqyh cndkjh dh eqjrfdc gksa vkSj muds
lkFk vPNs rjhd+s ls cjrko djks fQj vxj rqe mUgsa uk ilan
djrs gks rks eqfEdu gS fd rqe fdlh pht+ dks uk ilan djks
vkSj vYykg rv+kyk mlesa rqEgkjs fy;s cgqr lh HkykbZ j[k ns
vkSj vxj rqe ,d choh ds cnys nwljh choh cnyuk pkgks vkSj
rqe <sjks eky ns pqds gks rc Hkh mlesa ls dqN okil er yks
D;k rqe ukg+d+ bYt+ke vkSj ljhg+ xqukg ds t+fj;s oks eky
okil ysuk pkgrs gks vkSj rqe dSls okil ys ldrs gks gkykfd
rqe ,d nwljs ls igyw ck igyw fey pqds gks vkSj oks rqels
iq[+rk v+gn Hkh ys pqdh gSA lw0&fulk&19 rk 21

bjkkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

vkSj rykd+ ;k+rk v+kSjrksa dks Hkh equkflc rjhd+s ls [k+pkZ fn;k
tk;s ;s ijgst+xkjksa ij okftc gS blh rjg vYykg rv+kyk
rqEgkjs fy;s vius vg+d+ke okt+sg+ Q+jekrk gS rkfd rqe le>
ldksA lw0&cd+jkg&241] 242

lw0&vg+t+kc esa vYykg rv+kyk Q+jekrk gS&

,s bZeku okyks tc rqe eksfeu v+kSjrksa ls fudkg+ djks fQj rqe
mUgsa rykd+ ns nks d+Cy blds fd rqe mUgsa el djks ;kuh
[k+Yor lg+hg+k djks rks rqEgkjs fy;s mu ij dksbZ b+n~nr
okftc ugha gS fd rqe mls kqekj djus yxks il mUgsa dqN
eky o erkv+ nks vkSj mUgsa vPNh rjg gqLus lqywd ds lkFk
:[k+lr djksA lw0&vg+t+kc&49
 95

&% eqrYyd+k ds uku o uQ+d+s ls eqrv+fYyd+

pUn vg+knhl %&
g+t+jr Q+kfrek fcUrs dS+l jft+0 ls fjok;r gS fd jlwys vdje
lYy0 us bjkkn Q+jek;k&ftl [k+krwu dks rhu rykd+s nh xbZa
gksa mldks enZ dh tkfuc ls u rks edku fn;k tk;sxk vkSj uku
o uQ+d+kA eqfLye&lg+h&4@120&g0&3698
ulkbZ&lquu&2@464&g0&3436
bCus ektk&lquu&2@92&g0&2035
frfeZt+h&1@650&g0&1180

eq>ls fg+Ccku fcu ewlk us c;ku fd;k dgk gedks v+CnqYyk fcu
eqckjd us [k+cj nh dgk gedks bCus tqjSt+ us [k+cj nh mUgsa bCus
fkgkc us mUgsa m+okZg us fd g+t+jr vk;kk fln~nhd+k jft+0 us
Q+kfrek fcUrs dS+l jft+0 dh bl ckr dk bUdkj fd;k fd
eqrYyd+k dks uQ+d+k o lduk ugha feysxkA
cq[k+kjh&lg+h&7@86&g0&5327vcw nkn&2@749&g0&2293

Q+kfrek fcUrs dS+l jft+0 dks muds kkSgj us rykd+ fn;k uch
djhe lYy0 ds t+ekus eqckjd esa lks vki lYy0 us Q+jek;k
rsjs kkSgj ij u rsjs fy;s ?kj okftc gS u jksVh diM+k dgk
eqx+hjk us fQj ft+ fd;k eSus mldk bczkghe ls rks mUgksaus dgk
fd Q+jek;k gt+jr m+ej jft+0 us fd ugha NksM+rs ge vYykg
dh fdrkc dq+jku vkSj vius uch dh lqUur ,d v+kSjr ds d+kSy
ls fd gedks ekywe ugha fd mlus gqtwj lYy0 ds gqDe dks
;kn j[kk Fkk Hkwy xbZ lks g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 fnyokrs Fks rhu
rykd+ okyh dks jksVh diM+k vkSj jgus dks edku b+n~nr rdA
frfeZt+h&lquu&3@261&g0&3963
nkj dqruh&lquu&3@261&g0&3963
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@531&g0&18976
nkjeh&lquu&2@204&g0&2322
 96

et+dwjk dqjku o vg+knhl ds nykby ls lkfcr gS fd eqrYyd+k

dks uku o uQ+d+k o lduk mldh b+n~nr rd kkSgj dh tkfuc
ls fn;k tk;sxkA

&% csok v+kSjr dk uku o uQ+d+k %&

bjkkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&

vkSj rqeesa ls tks yksx Q+kSr gksa vkSj viuh chfo;k NksM+ tk;ssa
mu ij ykft+e gS fd ejus ls igys viuh chfo;ksa ds fy;s
mUgsa ,d lky rd [k+pkZ nsus vkSj vius ?kjksa ls u fudkys
tkus dh olhv+r dj tk;saA lw0&cd+jkg&240

lw0&fulk esa vYykg rv+kyk bjkkn Q+jekrk gS&

vkSj rqEgkjh chfo;ksa dk rqEgkjs NksM+s gq;s eky esa pkSFkk fgLlk gS
ckZrs ;s fd rqEgkjh dksbZ vkSykn u gks fQj vxj rqEgkjh dksbZ
vkSykn gks rks muds fy;s rqEgkjs rjds esa ls vkBok fgLlk gSA
lw0&fulk&12

g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl jft+0 ls fjok;r gS oks bl vk;rs eqckjd

oYyt+huk ;qrko+Q+wuk feUdqe&&&&&&&&&&&cd+jkg&240 ls
eqrkv+fYyd+ c;ku djrs gSa fd ;s vk;rs djhek ehjkl dh vk;rs
djhek lw0&fulk&12 ls eUlw[k+ gS ftlesa choh ds pkSFks vkSj
vkBosa fgLls dk rt+fdjk gS uht+ ,d lky rd b++n~nr esa jgus
dk gqDe Hkh pkj ekg nl fnu ls eUlw[k+ gks x;kA
ulkbZ&lquu&2@528&g0&3576
vcw nkn&lquu&2@749&g0&2291
cSgd+h&lquu dqcjk&9@666&g0&15461
 97

&% g+keyk v+kSjr dk uku o uQ+d+k %&

bjkkns ckjh rv+kyk gS&
vkSj vxj oks g+keyk gks rks mu ij [k+pZ djrs jgks ;gk rd fd
oks viuk cPpk tu ysa fQj vxj oks rqEgkjh [k+kfrj cPps dks nw/k
fiyk;sa rks mUgsa mudk eqv+kot+k vnk djrs jgksA lw0&rykd+&6

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk jft+0 Q+jekrs gSa fd tks k[+l choh dks g+kyrs
g+ey esa rykd+ ns vYykg mls ukfne djsxk vkSj g+kyrs g+ey
vkSj g+kyrs jtkv+r cPps dks nw/k fiykus dh eqn~nr esa oks [k+pZ
djsxk ;gk rd fd cPps dk nw/k NqM+ok nsA
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@534&g0&18996
 98

&% csok g+keyk v+kSjr dk uku o uQ+d+k %&

g+t+jr ekSyk v+yh] g+t+jr bCus m+ej] g+t+jr bCus v+Cckl vkSj
g+t+jr tkfcj jft+0 Q+jekrs gSa fd g+keyk v+kSjr dk [k+kfoUn
Q+kSr gks tk;s rks mls uQ+d+k ugha feysxk cfYd ml ij mlds
fojklrh fgLls esa ls [k+pZ fd;k tk;sxkA bCus vch kSck&
&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@591&g0&19320] 5@589&g0&19310

ot+kg+r%& v+kSjr [+okg csok gks ;k csok g+keyk mldks uQ+d+k

nsuk ,d csgrjhu v+ey gS gkykfd csok dks [k+kfoUn dh ehjkl
esa ls pkSFkk ;k vkBok fgLlk feyrk gS exj ckt+ vkSd+kr
vlokc ,sls gksrs gS fd [k+kfoUn dk NksM+k gqvk rjdk ;k rks
cgqr de gksrk gS ;k rks dqN Hkh ugha gksrk ftlds ckbl v+kSjr
dh tkbt+ gktkr ds iwjk gksus es nqokfj;k o eqfdykr njisk
vkrs gSa ,slh lwjr esa v+kSjr viuh [k+kl t+:jr dh Hkh rdehy
ugha dj ldrh vkSj ckt+ vkSd+kr ns[kk tkrk gS fd [k+kfoUn ds
NksM+s gq;s rjds esa eky :i;k iSlk cgqr de gksrk gS vkSj tks
gksrk gS oks mldh rnQ+hu o Q+kfrg+k oxS+jkg esa [k+pZ gks tkrk gS
flQ+Z ;k rks edku cprk gS ;k ckt+ vkSd+kr edku Hkh fdjk;s
dk gksrk gS rks ,slh lwjr esa csok dks l[+r rdyhQ+ks ijskkuh ls
nks pkj gksuk iM+rk gS blfy;s csgrj vkSj vQ+t+y ;gh gS fd
csok gks ;k csok g+keyk mls [k+pkZ fn;k tk;s vkSj ;s v+kSjr ls
vPNk lqywd djus dh v+yker gS tks ckbls tt+k,s [kS+j gSA
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g+t+jr m+ej jft+0 us mEes vkfle dks Q+jhd+ cukdj g+t+jr
vkfle dh ijofjk dk elyk g+t+jr vcw c fln~nhd+ jft+0
ds ikl isk fd;k mUgksus Q+Slyk Q+jek;k fd cPpk g+t+jr mEes
vkfle vkfle dh ek ds ikl jgsxk tc rd ckfyx+ u gks
tk;s ;k tc rd kknh u dj ys vkSj Q+jek;k ek cPps ij
T+;knk egjcku] jge djus okyh] uje fny vkSj kQ+d+r djus
okyh gksrh gSA
bCus vch kSck&vy eqlfUuQ+&5@619&g0&19455

g+t+jr v+CnqYyk fcu m+ej jft+0 c;ku djrs gSa fd ,d v+kSjr

us dgk ,s vYykg ds jlwy esjk ;s csVk esjk isV blds fy;s
cjru gS esjk lhuk blds fy;s ekdht+k gS vkSj esjk nkeu
blds fy;s iukgxkg jgk gS blds cki us eq>s rykd+ ns nh gS
vkSj pkgrk gS fd bldks eq>ls Nhu ys vki lYy0 us ml
v+kSjr ls Q+jek;k rw bldh T+;knk g+d+nkj gS tc rd fd
fudkg+ u djsA
vcw nkn&lquu&2@736&g0&2276

o vkf[k:n~v+okuk v+fuy gEnq fyYykfg jfCcy v+kyehuA

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