20 Business English Practice and Progress 8. There ae thee roads orl and “Te mast pleasant is with he auch swith butthe sven wih * (Gedxgos Pompidou, French olin) "Tre are no secre fo tucoaes hi he eeu of and, “Gaia Powe omer 8 Sy oS) 40 “the inmate so ‘and that for some peopl tis a complete subatiui to Me (Andrew Brown, Briish write 23, Linton to four extracts trom a presentation about social inequality And ident the rhetorical tochniquos used by the speaker, Also note ‘hat words she stresses or repeats. mpsianedcamatteyaie flr, ape Extract 1 Exract2 aract 3 extract $ 24, Watch a short video about Steve Jobs’ prosontaton style and take oie of te speaker's recommendations. Giese om hp oie conch Pe SO) 25, Prepare an effective five-minute presentation ofan intresting and felevant tople and deliver Rin front of your colleagues. Mako a ‘dazzling presentation! SPEAKING - FUTURE TECHNOLOGY PREDICTIONS 4, Join the sentences on the left with those on the right In order to find out some preditions for future technology. Tener wort ost 2020 and nether wl pint | pubeatons Ee Mob Sevees—we] fow today wl become Syishintliget fasion So Tne ot a par of cungiassee Mar [Secompany an ult but also seam lr i the Pex 10 years, wel soe nore Brae machine" integraton, hepa patents [overcome parayes and che nurs Hough Tes yours fam how, ovoid oF a i ether Ive in'or pass through the clout, Improvng near “anc busmess” processes rough “loud-eased tezmlogy ‘lattorme, and. ereatng bet communteaion Ivough a, ranssion fools and personal sensors 3. Conmuneation wit ba based on online ommunty Interaction and wil aval wih us re eer we go. “ 5. Tore il be ho Tre pvaay but charges 1) income based on sharing your mada, storal, personal ffmation wih th Net the new cumency © Techs Healene Lie te sous. tastes LI 1 2, Add your own predictions forthe following hoaltheare, education, and household applances, pets: environment, 2, Look atthe pltures and guoss which futuristic product concepts they reer to, Petre A | —Pture B | Pieture C Picture DFutur and information Technology 3 Faure E Fess ore oo es ithe ce ing arapren yor Um Fon, Bag where the screen and keypad wil then light up for pias @ Fare Fare] —| Bre | Pare 4 Now match the futuristic product concepts below with thelr ‘escritions, ‘roots conputng Seven Wet conmce os parent seroen thay non Nosh ert of an eet such as © bulcing or food peaauet can retary ‘isley" Information about tho. ject, ssoonste fom te Intel via wh 2 wey day bee ses (oven reer tetrology er operon 3:50 Desddop ec dgtal stakes are paced next plans and Fey an Fansite clan's data to your computer 50 at you can se it wht your pan nsec, “Teowing gas fa. To dal you just pass ngors tough he windows” fora pone that requires no touch a al ‘5 gaae abet sa as Yar pao a TET © renal rence ts concert ston ig Ga Roo, Wis onl Jone fs for a tabetbuch au an Pac, wih Tovey creer copsbites T-aoarpowered a. Ths is a concept for a robot nat fat = laptop ristwatr, thal you can reshape fo any type ot atachmon or pacerrert Tar ce fh Wen rot Use, Rs 9 Seek nD. FVOU Be the back curtain don, the helogram can be sear more cea nfon of you 8. Googie astos I glasses that alow yout Sea UMGraAT PRS ie arving waleng, eating a mea. Trereaile cotcept 8 Tor WIR POS oF fora in which you wear tha sales ‘found your list and ean choose rom 2 downisad playat ot [even Ive intent rato, [READING ~ INNOVATION AND IT 5. Form pais Each student reads a text and answers the questions, |snmalar a c ee SOR cia as ete Se Sia fee cena ‘boom, which I agree was a hype mistaken ax innovation. Yee, eventually, SAS Rs A ee fundamental improvements in things like energy, mass transportation, of | oe Saas snoring nda ease Pts | SLT oh ES, Sa oe tl it Se he le cece a Sauna SNS IES aan i he 2 te Woo [wan nia am asa aes hues esta SV cette artes PD ne sere ee eRe nt ey pce Sac Si Ce nen Sy ne Ae i me eae ig en seh ae Ma at Rec ears RTA Sa eS er wh epg and ng om qos eae ag Dae | Sa See Ne SEES eamesBa Businoss English Pracice and rograss 4. What tie would be suitable forthe above excert? 2 Wat is tho crawoack of foay'stecnologeal Imovations according to ‘te author ofthe xeon? 2. Wh snoultum innovation info business? ‘TEXT Bi Technology In the next 100 yeas: the foturologie’s view Futuro tan Fearon discussed tchasoge of te Sure to snore hs 40 tty ed Hannon Seguin Aen ober, Be spe GPir secur este Gom smart pacer Mar cull be the bgt Stcunurt tno paid ond ges nia ne oi, | expeencs © utgermmpng for example = and reply the nto Jour ‘Siioa‘s vom, of sometne'eaea Thay wil be able el the ame | Ziretboe yor dd bony. huwold supers showing hoe sae earn tad sed fo cine skin’. Tatoos would be applied | |e akin ie pve onsen toutnecatie wine gage One | ‘Bhvbuck: Races ay toate oar sesoun aim ats Tearson sion tthe ‘gn mito in which you ws yours an | you want fornoc as jou er Andou cod me “cede also change "oak ding the da. ‘ai CE 4. Which could be the biggest secuy threat known to mankind according "0 Pestaon? 2 What cold electrics be able to do when istaled in the human body? 5. Wnst co ‘acive skin, “gal mirar” and “active makeup” mean sooardng to Pearson? Now exchange Information on the texts read with your pair member LANGUAGE NOTES - ABBREVIATIONS 1. Did yoy know that COMPUTER is an abbreviation and It stands for Common Operating Machine Parcularly Used for Trade, Educaton, find Research? What do these abbrovistions mean? Look ther up It fhe dictionary, necessary. DBA = cTo=. ism = miso: PA Nei clos Future and Information Technology 35 GRAMMAR - EXPRESSING POSSIBILITY AND IMPOSSIBILITY 8 Match the modal verb patterns below with thelr appropriate Seseription. coal mayimight venom rive [a beset o Mare PORTO 2 ean couldnt shor inte ae poesiiy [ould mayimight have > past tle 7 ean'Veouldn’t have + past ariinle ® present or ure possbity fiiapste ‘9. Put one suitable modal verb in each space. Dents have bean ung 29 ining fr 10 Yar, to make ng het realy Hilal be mace in any other way. trpatints have lost alt of faw bone Brough accent the derast ill need fo perom Complex rebulig in colaboraien wan mecalsurgeans ~ al helped by 30 madening oopla uno once SERIE nave been tol they wore unreatabe er ‘needed 18 mont of careuly staged, reconstructive Sugary, are now Being treated nous or even mines. . Graphene's many superior properties justly its nickname ofa mirecls ‘matoral” The mato Melisa have mary uses but is dlcoverers re-warring not to expect an immesiate revoluson, However, t 8 [lil arsform electial storage and production rom batories t2 solar cela, Composta mateiale comanng graphene. 6. ult Stonginen alrcrat wings and the brometdcal uses Include. tssus ‘engineering and. drug. deivery. Another promising appieaton is inurion batteries win graphene elocrodes which Jainiua (or ‘example ft the svap of you bag to recharge you calpnone while youre ou walkng, Inthe longer ter, comalax graphene deployments BEES rest even grater ume on nvesmant er sample {he heath and fe eiencas 40, Choose the most sutable modal verb to complete the sentences bbeiow, Make any sultable changes to the verbs In capitals. 1. Buin tools such as WSUS can help with Windows patching, but you all char lochs to wenlly Gat reageon pees omante ine96 ‘Busine English Pracice ard Progress 2. Its time for some corporate customers torres their desktops and \Windgwe Pro... wel te O8 of chlce. BE 3. Br and mora’ rears... I he downturn, but online retain istooming STRUGCLE 4. The dos. lo be fexble and beter value but ndusty grup Sac has warned howe are aden cots tal could ip customers UP 5, While ther eary approach to hyd HTMLSiUava Android mails SFP Tew rccups, Java developers can sil ear frm MAVE 8. iicrosot Ofcs 2013... avalble eatler than expected, but ‘rganzations arent exacly clamoring to buy the latest suit. 17. Nalttes business is booming, ana the company says it... is meteoric growth without cloud computing. FUEL 13, Intomet rire uch as Facetook 10 get permission to use data if the 20 edopts propels giving usss mere contol over personal ea. 9, Telemedicine serves... tmestrapped docs todo more wth fewer ‘Recurces, bus questons remain aut how to uso systems efecively ‘Basle 10, Radiat... the Biggest hurdle to human epace exploration beyond leweEarh obi BE 11, Tomorom, wearable computing... eventing ftom your aude {nd poste to your pubs, blood type, Meght, weigh end daily ‘eutnes, «NOW +2, The eurozone may have posted some bearish fgures in January, but many economists agre Bat Me r8gION BOTTOM ‘TRANSLATION 11. Read the English text below and Its translation into Remanian. [Usny 8 mistakes nthe Romanian version and undotine them. “The most innovative companies ofthe fture wil be priate anes, ‘which enjoy owe Boedorn tan goveraaents or listed companies. They TESLA Whe to invest im tecnologes too aly for polielans 10 orgs and tou furiati or entre caps fo fd, ‘Kiowa the fture wil be creted by Individual. Those with the most her to take om Hak and axe long-term plans, youne peop, ee cetalier ter options easehily, Eacation is ialunble Dut TiUbti debe can be eipling to enepreneuatip. The coming generation SiR nna cress wil have to rexndie the spt of esl Real orton siti re cangeous but ving without es possible “ture and information Technal sr (Cle mat fnovare compan ae witora vor fore priate, ave ge cur deli Hora dec aurea au compe Liat, He or fin unurd st fnvestenac Sn tenolog prow sacete pentru ca Dotseen a le aprobe 9 pes future pentrs ca sentine expe at Ie Enaniewe i roan dette trl v8 eat de lr panne fn, Cet coos mal mare Ibernte de wisn aval ide fece panuf pe termen Jing tiers artes a8 conadere opiule or uv ate. Edueain este depron, dar datarde de staat pot @paralaante entra. ante prayer tows Ge ie of er soba tart [pul devise, Inovaren reno ext Sissi perculoaé, Car 6B ley fete cae impos 12, Rewrta the Romanian version, correcting the mistakes 19. Translate Into Romanian: ‘uman brain project wine funding Protesr Marloam la a cheramatie newowcentet whose anbldous Tipccarstttaad “appeals aul coor song” rit SSENIcr The dia fee nto the in greets mpercomguters wil See fom eytemale analy of te soatmasn,pnear and emcee Sropetes ofc, moure ond human tren“ nng peer eerie Unt und crea we can et bt he net wong | sikelele i ce Madde ese database sd wie ud Ulogely Gea ema of {he complete human brain the project menesto oe | | Se ene far sce wl be Bug promos, Tete nude ering ‘fom neurvetiene © Sengn Ste comtare hd Tas a aro | {[Snanencl ced uresne of rue eae 14, Translate into English: {owe care ne vor schimba vielen wrmdtor cic! ant "BMS in § de anu! acetn explore nora cre wor repeat Beale | | irmatoarel ee de clea, pe care DM o dere ca Slade alee | Sounte Actectl oul ere de oan va iw, se aden | SHH gm icepe sk engerinentes lumen exact cum este tn reaitae ‘ediciones so concotrens cu recaere pean semen ol ere abate omputreor ae = ima sinus umane =i ul opm, penta vden irom, ane, gute gus ‘ecate Sapa Ge tects vr alt at Seven mai conan, mai | | Seducing ot phot “nuvor ginal in aval now: Semele Se eal Ecguve se vor juts as gacargem complstaten at tine pesel © En Tnbroojes st ialn dee so bse docunenate ane mbna sendtaten q standards devel a dope. dierne ‘rres Inclun dtante apa linge, com ineealitate,2 Business English Practice and Progress WRITING - GIVING DETAILS 45, wen defending you pont of view ether for or against a statement), Supporting dete aca early and power of conviction fo your ideas. For instance the folowing quote "Mader tochrology! Owes ecology! An Soaeay: (lan M Edison, Amtican wer can bo suetained by datas 28 te Ones Del. Complete the statements 60 a8 to be convinc = Mocern technology uses LEIA enery lett, fh, ee) which Iimtea” and te production ang dietuton of such energy Is Bisa tothe environment. — Modern technaogy typical ures harm processes jn production, for trample, Susan and ealdyprecoseos are Invelved inthe making of compute chip, et. = Mader tsomeioay generly has a fite lifetime, leaving behind Thread samy degrading pastes. ot — Feemnclogy in ganral evanges the envconment. Rar forthe beter, tnd ofen fx te wore, ths Garaging he envionment. Ths induces a baleng of ter cama, he Sound of river, oc amply the bulling FB e 46. Now give supporting detalls for the following quotations on {echnology. Writs about 60-80 words. 'A. AI of the biggest technologies Inventons created by man ~ the fipiane, the automata, te computer - say file about Ns intaligance but speak volumes about nis laziness” (Marc Kennedy, ‘Amevean poltian) cs, “Tachnotogy presumes there's jut one right way to do tings and there never" (Robert Pig, Amaccan weer and pilcsoghe!) cc. "Gvizaton advances by extending the number of Important pzralone wich we can perfor wfthout inking of them (Ares North Whtanead, Engien mathematcan and phicsopher) LISTENING = FUTURE OF CLOUD COMPUTING: ‘OVERCOMING IT COST BARRIERS 17. Liston to the extract and put te fllowing aspects in the order in ‘hich you hear them dan alata Mtn yo conte oebudAZAAT) A Though cloud computing people can save money in their IF teavrenment {1B The oud ef has the sbilty to bring new services to cents, more ui wth esa cost. [De Move sid mare people and organzatons can take advantage of me Ee Ste PO es cei Futur and formation Technology 2 1D Technology slows ideas to oursh and revolutorary things 19 be CE The end users dont even realize the complexity of this vast IT Inastctue they onl realize the ease sf use 18, Listen again and answer the following question ‘Whats exctng about cloud computing? Hon can loud compusing be used more efiiey? ‘What do 60%, 70%, 80% refer to? Wich invsry good example of how cloud computing allows Businesses io gow? VOCABULARY - IT COLLOCATIONS 49, Compound roune ke "information technology” are vey fequert in he [unguage oT Match the words on the left withthe worde on the right te form compound nouns. elven ‘rial desi Aza lelepe 20, Fillin the gaps withthe sultable compound nouns trom above, 4. When here's no knowing how big the workoad is going tobe, mobile ‘evelopere Pave no ater choice Pan Yo embrace 2, The mart fr "a exploding, butt hada lang way to go before fovea adtonal potable personal computers 3, The eonefts ot ‘are wolrdocumented but. firms Implementing tay have re appraize ra storage aptons. 4, The plonesr C10 of oaay i fonveed on revere generation through ‘hang, cath han keeping te igh on, which was the ‘ar eaonal oe ofthe deck 5 'S whore apps of data are aocessbile on the Intemst iemeloten a crgeeruemererranan.0 Businoss English Pracce and Progress (CASE STUDY - IT AND THE ENVIRONMENT ‘TASK 1: Read the following text and answor the questions below i, “Apple bows ont of program for eavironment-mindedprofucs Apples design direction is no longer in keeping withthe requirements of major prowaas devoted tothe Bstering of envitonmentlly pone | | ecwonis, according ea report, eo Tpe company has desided to stop partipatng in a major progam | devoted to the Production of enitonmentlly fnendy produc, separealy | |i hi Soin detonate Wah te Props reuiremens VSOUSTixte last month, Apple tld the nonprofit EPEAT (the Bectronic | | Product Envieenmental Aeesment Too} group tha the campaay would no “Hong eobmit i product far geen coticaton ftom EPEAT apd tat it was | pulling its cured cried products fom the grou’ regis. EPEAT receives funding fom the Eayronmental Protection Agency and calls ael "the leading global eovronmental ating system fr elecroae prods, connecting purchases to envoumentaly preferable choies and ‘enefig produces ‘who demonstrate eavioamezal tspoasiiiny and | "The USS. government requires hat 95 percent of is elecwonics Beach | EPEAT seal of approval large companies such as Ford ani Kaiser Permanente require the CIOs to tuy fom EPEAT coed fms and many ofthe gest usverlues inthe U.S prefer to buy EPEAT ‘Aen gear. "Apple sad "thee design direction was ko longer coisa: withthe [EPEAT requirements. On the otber hand, EPEAT sas They were Sporaat supporters and we are diappoined that they dont want thet prodact mearmed by ths sandadanymoe” "Among ete things, the EPEAT requirements hold that cleczoics | ast be ear to dststembe, 9 het components canbe recyeled. The Phone, {he iPad aad the new MacBook Pro with Retina display doa’ pass muse Decae of tings lk teres and pas displays at are lued fo casings and brckings Apple may soon noduce an alternate green andar f apply ts predict. "a We aT 1 Why id Apple withdraw is products fom the EPEAT regi? 2. Whitie EPEAT? 5 Which EPEAT requtement for elearoic produc does the text mention? 4. Should Apple be suciicing environmen fendiessin he mame of design? Future and Information Technology a TASK 2: Liston to the following report on Apple Jumps Back on [EPEAT and mark the statements True o Fao. Cicero ee ta ibao sss come es ek oe 7425) Statement “rue | Fatse | 4. Because of dropping EPEAT Apple was sattotose | | much of ts government end edveaon bxness 2 Apples removal of al their products forthe EPEAT regety charactraes the PR conscious | 0 | o tech gant 2. Apple isi congretulatod for power offcency, Gleemause garcine emissons mitigation ose ef| oo feneuabie an advoesey of hom. 44, Ths smnouncoment ct have te power to make epee shares rie ‘TASK 9: Got Into groups and establish the propriate order of the Top. 8 Environmentally Friendly Companies mace by {greaneridealcom given below, Tvanoo a conpany far bon encourages ooTay OKO Bo ‘green by using the information found on ts yahoo comigrean ‘obs, and tives fo make grerer decsons isl. Preset, most of data conere Use renewable energy Sources fo car) ‘th the day routine Delis planning to aiminsh Re gas eriesons by 40% anil 2016, Moreover, Dell has succesfully manufactured brand-new computers. using recy past Sportswear manufacturer Niko staiea The pUBTe a6 a RA ‘rvronmectallyrerponsiie company, wing to spare no efor Ins atempis to give something back fo the natural wore. | hesdquacers In Selglum end ine Netherande run enrely on nergy coming rom renewable sources, Intel focuses on going agaist waste ard toxhs by wlan ‘eojeing. and seeking. greener” allematves to harm Substances ‘Adobe i also very much Plast in propor dealing wih ‘rasta, tz offes bulding operations and ts product packaging ‘One of the companys Rescquaters, the one in San Jose, Caltomia, nas employees who are in the business of recjelrg| snd composing2 Business English Practice and Progress ‘TASK 4: Why green computing? Get Into groups of 4 students. Two THombers of etch group represent avery evecesul T company ane nave agus wity the otrer hwo members reresaning an invecient bank ‘hat want fo convince the forme t Invest in green computing, Both sides hive to pu reasons in oder suppor the pln of iow. Read he ole {ards ane perfom the actons. DISCUSSION STEPS | Socializing 1 Company representatives’ questions | Investment bank representatives! answers : Casing TASK 8: Exchange opinions about Inve the other grou ‘sreen computing with tied "ree Equtslents ot Mol Verbs GRAMMAR FILE 1: MODAL VERBS; THE SUBJUNCTIVE MODAL VERBS 5 Fea icin ihe 37 peron singular (noc ave oy varaler {ipweons, nine angua/ard sural wae ean spas pares > nalonginentives ster modal; male can ae folowes by short inves (Go. 0s ie} or paras nies (have + Past Partape, have gove, Mave Ber"eg" Vou fan go now You mous have apologized hn > mss Can rg erage, Ep: You man reptate > no Past Terae fame (reap fr could [by probably) anc might, [Brobsoliyh to ret boat evr stuaione, tertmodal equ are POSSIBILITY AND PROBABILITY something happening or being the case in the present! future! pose = may: more formal than might She may/ might’ could be right about ‘ould sng: lower probability than may, PP must: vory high probably! ingles! deduction basea on cuss -may/migh cou wel: fly high Bompare th may minh could save "Started (= thre Is no reason Why |e shoul We may! might could as well 0 {othe seaside, (=i al the same {fo me whether we goto the ‘Seaside or fo the mountains}. ‘may! mighv could must + Perfect Shs may/ might/ could have been Infinitive: night EBEOUIOn about past aotons/ He must have boon ove 60. Stuatons (camo. dferences. in ar faba“ ‘Business English Practice and Progress Verbs: The Subjnctive + Perfect Ask your wie she wil Know the He mustn't teave the re srewer ee ‘Something ei bo! fas been tha case bacouso i's You will Rave read hi aost book. Supposed, of eee thee i no reason thik ‘you tink that You would are at honesty the best policy. ee {le more fomaypotte + short _infilive: She ehould 29 in Landon by now. ‘pin (you Tink thal Out profs should Increase next King’ is wll bo the, case month ‘Sort Is supposed foe) or fen! probabiy of something ning inthe fro Bought to + perfect They should have heard the news Inge sponiiaion about pas! oy now. ‘stuatons. (ou thnk that Sang es rely Paooret 1d’ (in conditional clauses); Should you mest her sve er my [bq propabiy” passin cf phone nonber. thing happening ito ature gat —segt Innis Ts exoeno aa ca be ake! by someting 2M Nperfect —Infiniive: Hols ony 14 ne can't have ar someting grasustod from univers Lin the blanks with modal verbs to express (impossibility or robabily. ye be wrong ave changes ris mind shave sla such nonsense! He is very intligent, the have oon the person you wee looking for? ‘looks pale. He». ba Se centarenos nave sare by now GATION AND NECESSITY £ shot infinitive: obligation which’ | must pass all my exams, ‘malized or imposed by te speaker pare it with to have te (extemal 1 have to pass all my ‘t0n) exams, + short You should | ought to Sea vig was io coreed respect your parents, bility responsibilty. _should/ ought to_+ perfect infinitive: past They should have signed lunatited obiigation. ‘the agreement 2d ne ve: nacessty/ | wonder If | need bring my bsence of necesaty_or obligation in the bathing cut Drosent the Some moaning as the aranary You needn't repeat ne ter to need” {osetion (ron medal ‘aulvalent not have to. ‘You'don't have to repeat the question). needn't + perfect inntve: unnecessary You needh’t have sent m= ‘ton parfored ithe past that beck ~ I pad my own copy. Compare it wih ‘Compare with didn't need to: unnocassary You didn't need to send. fan bat was NOT performed inthe past) 2. Fill in the blanks with modal verbs expressing obligation or ‘ecouaty (or the Leck of) "You... take mare care of your eran Troming you about your aula? ‘ite "al abde oy Polaw. Yu. wake upemly you want tobe on tine forthe meeting. He. have been more considerate ‘She. have applied fora scholarship. Her parents can pay frat 2 5 5 6 OTHER Uses ‘Car wal you answer the phone, pl ‘Would you please give me your phone number? (Can you swim? aul pay foatall for hours on ond. (1was able to“ Busines English Prectice and Progress _ ‘suggestion (Ghall, should .-?, couldh'.?), recommendation and | fdvee (should, ought to), emphatic advice (must, offer and invitation {va woul) ‘Shall we stop hers? Couldn't we ada one more paragraph here? "You should fend tat book I's 3 masterpiece. ‘You must vi the Guggenheim when you ae In New York. [wil answer the phone, you wah Won't you stay for cnner? formal ‘Would you eae ora en? (pote) Would you ie toon us fr inne tonight? very pole) ital past(would): | You wl | premise (shall in person} ‘You shall cave the document by he end of the month ‘ido te agen. “obsuietisal wont woul SbsaTeTsintnes WaT) THe wontiactomake 4 ‘advised him to see a doctor, but he won't istan to me. _Showildmiccfee eve ret owed. suppoalion secepanes (dave in the pase" daressy.) daresay ty be waling fous. Liars brcek he law daresay you dnt. bu your behaviour vgs unethical ‘omneone W sop Woing someting __“Mustyou mate ll that noise? 2: dently the modality (eg: probably, ability, et) in the flowing 4 You en ie hot a boon, bt | woe ase you odo 2 Shosthoy lve ona dl they ust be rahe hard up 5. Youmgnt caaie tang ou a bak loan to stat your business 4 lat foryeu even fT have to stay up all ght 5 He caniteraly bend over backwards &. [would dank milk every day as a hil, Gramm Fla 1: Modal Verbs: The Sub 7. Youmay find ourmethed abt supiing. 1 The ax should beara ina few minutes, 8, Canlade someting? So. Yau might nave asked for permission before using my computer, 11. Boye wi be ysl 412. He wil smoke nero, hough | asked hin net, {2s etl ery. They cant mis the plane. Ta. She may (righ ould) wll have boon hut EQUIVALENTS OF MODAL VERBS v0 4 mee [-wooar EQUIVALENT EXAUPLE ] VERS. Trust | ehavews Prasat Tenee Ihave) Noe: ‘swim laps 8 ay to keepin | Sight erence inmeaning | snape, between mustard io haveta | past Tense: He told us he = S88 Obligation and [ae Miperetpeteniry Necessity) ome 9 In shape, rmustnot | notte be allowed to [Used espesaiy inthe Past_| 1am net allowed to swim, ‘Feng, on nro, Ho aald he was not allowed Speech to swim, ean ‘Yo be abla to Prater! Tense: Tea fd Notes nine Past Tense, it| am able to ride Ie used oepecialy to express Siown in a patiedat | Past Tense: They ware Se Sluation intend ofthe | suprised to see ha | vas BEES COULD, which is | able torso that ity hove, prefered for aenefal ability | Compare with: | COULD play inte gas) football for hous. may fo be allowed 6 "You are allowed t eave. 1 swasr’tallowed to ave Teednt —[notiohave to "You neeant go. = You dant _| nave te. | shoular — to be supposed to T ought to! soa aart = |eartte [tebe expacedto am supposed to srt. | should [to beto mat enous 60 about? = ‘What am o.d6 abst ‘would [used T would goto a concer every (rabitual week = | used to go 10 @ fiction in Conoert every Wook Lhe past) |“ Business Engl Practice and Frogress 4, Rewrite the sentences in exercle 3 above replacing the modal ‘Terbs by their equivalents (where avallable) of by ordinary verbs Tollowed by suitable adverbs (a. probably, habitually, usually, ete), ‘oping the meaning unchanged THE SUBJUNCTIVE > Bipagteabinaie Beco > past aubluncive: identical with the simple Past Tense: hetwatnay WENTTDISICAME the pact subjunctive of Yo Dela "were" for ai persone! hal we WERE ‘Thor deren natn ook noe stun mea Iriwere you, woul ee about wish me wore ee. luprfct (ast nerec subuetve: ental withthe Past Perfect inate! EAD BEEN. HAD CONE, HAD DONE, HAD COME | ten nated nem oe pry || NOTE: the wonde “present and “plupertectpat weve and NOT te ome of beton enor, ro in a as Heaven help us! God eave tho Quoon. ‘+ afler IF (in condtonal clauses types 2 and 3); If ONLY + Past rect Subjunelive (expressing a | uation ar condor) Ihe made such a mistake he would be fed If ha had made such ‘mistake he would rave been fre. i only e aan't smokerhadn’t smoked so much! (= m sory he ‘rrokesinas smoked 0 much) + TOLWishi + Past subjinctvel Past Perfect Subjunctive (an fel suson me pert ol et eet | wish | wore acslebrty, [sh | weren'ta0 gull. wish you hada lent him that money. sar Wana WW shart Tae Fo wa ey | Grammar Fe 1: Mode! Vorb; The Subunctive 4 siter_TO_INSIST. TO PROPOSE, TO SUGGEST. 10 IMEND. ‘TO. DEWs "REQUES! REQUIRE. in THAT-clauses (very forma, in bss formal Engi, {he eubunciva replaced by ehould + short infinitive) He roconmendad that the mesting be sijoured should be sumed = i 1D + a Ei i cH ‘Perfect Subjunctive ‘You's beter mind tor own business. rathr eam my own Iving ten receive a monty allowance rom ny parents. ‘orator you weren't so nosy. ‘She lstesing me as ¥ she Wore my boss, (She isnot my boss) ms. 1 IMPERATIVI TABLE! Mi THAT. Present Sublunetive (formal English), in less formal ye, te Subjetve s replaces by tne Indcatve lt important that eveyone. sign [oubjunctvey'signs [present Indicate) the minutes a re mest. "TIMES Past Subjunctive Fis (about) tre you started ooking fr aod, In phrases: SUFFICE IT TO SAY, FROM ME, ‘BE Gers) ‘Surfs it say | am disappointed, Far be lt om me fo deny your fight to defend yourself need be, we can arrange for ance meeting. (= itis necessary) 15 Complete the sentences with verbs in the correct form of the subjunctive, “They have demanded that the toons itera, ey suggested hat ne convach, ‘signed a toon 35 possible i te give up my present fb, | would prcbably ook fo somating similar ‘Thy feta ty cach eter for etme nae you iim nat money. T's nacesary tate plan uttothe voto He insist tna al call phones "urnad of uring the exam, Ire abourtime you yout dscartaton paper. Father you ‘me when am tang. (0. You bttar ‘a8 youre told or else you wil get to rouble