United Nations Intergovernmental

Educational, Scientific and Oceanographic

Cultural Organization Commission

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A N T A R C T I C A B A N T A R C T I C A

90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 170 160 150 140 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120

2014:00
180 0

GENERAL BATHYMETRIC CHART OF THE OCEANS (GEBCO) I N

MAUD

RISE

B A S

WORLD OCEAN BATHYMETRY L

S
E
A

A L WE DDE LL A BYSSA L

C E
I D PLA IN
A

D
R

E
E

BACKGROUND MAP PRODUCTION

S

W
M

The GEBCO community consists of an international group of experts in With the advent of the GEBCO Digital Atlas (GDA), it was intended that the
C

CHUKCHI
A

ABYSSAL PLAIN seafloor mapping who work on the development of a range of bathymetric GDA would form the basis of any future printed versions of GEBCO. It is recog-
CA
A

data sets and data products with the aim of providing the most authoritative nized that for certain audiences, such as geologists and modelers of climate or
NA

CHUKCHI
N
DA

PLATEAU
publicly-available bathymetry for the world's oceans. It operates under the tsunamis, the GDA is the ideal means of dissemination of bathymetric
DELEEV RISE
A
AB

GENERAL
joint auspices of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC) of information. However, for other purposes a printed version of the bathymetric
H

YS
D

BELGRANO
UNESCO and the International Hydrographic Organization (IHO). map is still the preferred representation. This map, at a scale of 1:35 million is
SA
A
T

the second GEBCO printed publication based on the digital bathymetry. BANK
PL

Mercator Projection Scale 1:35 000 000 at the Equator

AI

First proposed at the VII International Congress on Geography held in 1899 in

B
R

SIN

Berlin, the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans was established in 1903 The printed map, initiated as a laboratory workshop project of the
A

Depths in corrected meters RONNE

O

under the direction of Prince Albert I of Monaco. It was intended that bathy- GEBCO/Nippon Foundation Ocean Mapping Program at the Center for Coastal
MEN
S

BA

metric data from all cruises and expeditions, regardless of their national and Ocean Mapping of the University of New Hampshire, USA, is a AMERY
I N

ICE SHELF
N

origin, would be brought together in one series of maps covering the entire cartographic representation of the bathymetry of the world ocean floor, based BASIN
OV

world ocean. That intent was realized as oceanographic and hydrographic upon the GEBCO_08 bathymetric grid (30 arc second resolution) available
AR

organizations and institutions, governments, commercial entities and through www.gebco.net. Bathymetry is portrayed as shaded relief, hypso-
AI
S
PL
E

GE
AK

academia have supplied the data on which five printed editions of GEBCO metrically colored with tint boundaries at 200m, 500m, and every 1000m.
DG

L
A
SA
ID

N
RI

HALL
were produced between 1903 and 1982.
M

B
YS

KNOLL
R

A N T A R C T I C A
AI
A

Bathymetric source data and compilation are described at www.gebco.net.

I
AB

L
PH

L P

S
LE
N

As part of the transition to digital cartography, the depth contours of the Land imagery is from the satellite mosaic Blue Marble (NASA).
AL

SA
PO

B
A

O
E

90W 90E GEBCO Fifth Edition were digitized and put onto a CD-ROM (the GEBCO Digital Shorelines are from World Vector Shoreline (National Geophysical Data 90W 90E
YS

S
R

O North Pole South Pole

AB
S

N VORONIN TRO
UGH Atlas, or GDA) in 1994. This digital data base was then improved as new Center). Rendition of the seafloor was done with the IVS Fledermaus software.
S

DE GERLACHE
D
O

E
NT

bathymetric data became available, and new versions of the GDA were Data merging and cartographic projections were done with Geomedia Profes-
M

SEAMOUNTS
E L

RE

N
N
O

L published in 1997 and 2003. A 30 arc-second grid was produced in 2008 by sional (Intergraph) and Global Mapper (Global Mapper Software).
BA
U

L
Final layout was drafted with Adobe Illustrator.
K

ST. AN
NA
TR
combining quality-controlled ship depth soundings with interpolation
K
M

OU
GH between soundings guided by satellite-derived gravity data following the
A
A

F OXE
N

L
This map is produced and printed with support from the Nippon Foundation
G

method developed by Walter H.F. Smith and David T. Sandwell. The Arctic
Ocean and areas above 64N is in this grid portrayed by the International of Japan and Stockholm University, Sweden. Two of the cartographers, LCDRs
A

BAS IN
N O VAYA

I
Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO). This combined grid of the Hugo Montoro and Abubakar Mustapha, are former students of the
N

World Ocean bathymetry is the base for this printed map and and the under- GEBCO/Nippon Foundation training program in Ocean Mapping at the Center

N
ZEM

sea feature names are from the GEBCO Gazetteer, publication B-8 (2010). for Coastal and Ocean Mapping/NOAA-UNH Joint Hydrographic Center of the
YERMAK ROSS
University of New Hampshire, USA.
LYA

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Future editions of the GDA are dependent upon continuing contributions of

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data from the seagoing community. It is hoped that wide dissemination of this

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A such as the GDA, and will result in contributions of new bathymetric data to

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GEBCO. Further information on GEBCO can be found at www.gebco.net. General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) www.gebco.net

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BOREAS
Blue Marble satellite mosaic, NASAs Earth Observatory,

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ABYSSAL PLAIN

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www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/features/blue_marble.html

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E JOINT IOC - IHO GUIDING COMMITTEE FOR GEBCO 2012 World Vector Shoreline, National Geophysical Data Center,

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GREENLAND

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E ABYSSAL PLAIN http://rimmer.ngdc.noaa.gov/mgg/coast/wvs.html

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Dr Robin K. H. Falconer (Chairman) New Zealand

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Dr Christopher G. Fox (Vice-Chairman) USA
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Ing Etienne Cailliau France CARTOGRAPHERS
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H Dr Martin Jakobsson (Chairman iSRCUM) Sweden
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NORWEGIAN Cdr. Paolo Lusiani Italy Dr Martin Jakobsson, Stockholm University, Sweden
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70 Dr Hans-Werner Schenke (Chairman SCUFN) Germany Dr Hans-Werner Schenke, Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI), Germany 70
BASIN
Dr Walter H F Smith (Chairman TSCOM) USA Ms Pauline Weatherall, British Oceanographic Data Centre, UK
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ICELANDIC
Dr Hyo Hyun Sung Republic of Korea A
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U Dr Nataliya Turko, Geol. Inst. of Russian Academy of Science, Russian Federation S
AT Ms Lisa A Taylor USA
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PL LCDR Hugo Montoro, Peruvian Navy Hydrographic Office, Peru FI
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RIN Dr Nataliya Turko Russian Federation I IC

V LCDR Abubakar Mustapha, Nigerian Navy Hydrographic Office, Nigeria P AC T SEAMOUNTS
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Dr Kunio Yashima Japan TA

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Mr Dave Clark (Secretary) USA RI
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Bathymetric Tints
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(Depths are in corrected meters below mean sea level)

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ARCTIC OCEAN ANTARCTICA
Polar Stereographic Projection Polar Stereographic Projection
Scale 1:25,000,000 at 75North Latitude Scale 1:25,000,000 at 75South Latitude