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Systems With Variable Mass PDF

This document discusses problems involving systems with variable mass, including raindrops gaining mass from clouds, evaporating water droplets, balloons releasing sand over time, and sand falling onto a conveyor belt. It also covers rocket motion problems, such as calculating velocity changes after stages are exhausted, determining gas ejection rates to achieve a given acceleration, and calculating time of flight and maximum height for a single stage rocket.

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565 views1 page

Systems With Variable Mass PDF

This document discusses problems involving systems with variable mass, including raindrops gaining mass from clouds, evaporating water droplets, balloons releasing sand over time, and sand falling onto a conveyor belt. It also covers rocket motion problems, such as calculating velocity changes after stages are exhausted, determining gas ejection rates to achieve a given acceleration, and calculating time of flight and maximum height for a single stage rocket.

Uploaded by

eimc2
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd

NPTEL Online Certification Courses

Classical mechanics: From Newtonian to Lagrangian formulation


Classroom problems: Systems with variable mass
1. A raindrop starts falling from rest under the influence of gravity through a stationary
cloud. In process, the raindrop gains mass from the cloud at a rate proportional to the
product of its instantaneous mass and its instantaneous velocity.
(i) Set up the equation of motion for the raindrop.
(ii) Find an expression for the terminal velocity of the drop
2. A freely moving water droplet constantly evaporates. Assuming that the net momen-
tum carried away by the vapor vanishes, and that the rate of evaporation is proportional
to the surface area, calculate the velocity of the drop as a function of time.
3. Suppose a balloon of constant mass M contains a bag of sand mass M0 experiences
a constant upward thrust of C. Initially it is in equilibrium, and then the sand is
released at a constant rate so that all of it is released in time t0 . Set up the equation
of motion for the balloon.
4. Sand from a stationary hopper falls onto a moving conveyor belt at the rate of 5 kg/s.
The conveyer belt is supported by frictionless rollers. It moves at a constant speed of
0.75 m/s under the action of a constant horizontal external force Fext supplied by the
motor that drives the belt. Find (a) the sands rate of change of momentum in the
horizontal direction, (b) the force of friction exerted by the belt on the sand.

Rocket motion
5. A rocket in free space has 2 stages. Each stage consists 80% fuel. Gas exhaust speed
is 2000 m/sec. What will be its velocity change (i) After the first stage is exhausted
(ii) after 2nd stage is exhausted.
6. A rocket of initial total mass 5860 kg is to be launched vertically with exhaust speed
1170 m/sec. How much gas must be ejected per second to give the rocket an initial
upward acceleration of 18.3 m/sec2 ?
1 th
7. A single stage rocket starts from rest on earths surface. It exhausts 200 of its initial
mass per second with a speed of 3000 m/sec and has 80% of its total mass as fuel.
Calculate (i) Total time of flight (ii) Maximum height it can achieve
End

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