7.6 EXERCCIOS pg.

325
Nos exerccios de 1 a 23, calcular a integral indefinida.

2x3
1. 2 dx
x +x

x3 x 2 dx
= 2 dx = 2
x ( x + 1) x +1
1
= 2 x 1+ dx
x + 1
x2
= 2 x + ln x + 1 + C
2
2
= x 2 x + 2 ln x + 1 + C

2x + 1
2. 2x 2
+ 3x 2
dx

1
(2 x + 1) 1 2x + 1
= 2 dx = dx
3 2 1
x2 + x 1 x (x + 2)
2 2

1 A B
= + dx
2 1 x+ 2
x
2

1 4 5 6 5
= + dx
2 1 x+ 2
x
2
4 1 3
= ln x + ln x + 2 + C
10 2 5
2 1 3
= ln x + ln x + 2 + C
5 2 5

x 1
3. x 3
+ x 2 4x 4
dx

585
 x 1
= dx
(x 2) (x + 1) (x + 2)
A B C
= + + dx
x 2 x +1 x + 2

Clculo de A, B e C
(x 1) A(x + 1) (x + 2) + B(x 2) (x + 2) + C (x 2)(x + 1)
x=2 A.3.4 = 1
A= 1
12

x = 2 C . ( 4 ) . ( 1) = 3
C = 3
4

x = 1 B . ( 3) . (1) = 2
B= 2
3
Assim,
1 2 3
I = 12 + 3 + 4 dx
x 2 x +1 x + 2

1 2 3
= ln x 2 + ln x + 1 ln x + 2 + C
12 3 4

3x 2
4. 2 x 3 x 2 2 x + 1dx
3 2
x dx
= 2
1 1
x3 x 2 x +
2 2

3 A B C
= + + dx
2 x 1 x +1 x 1

2
Clculo de A, B e C
1 1
x 2 A( x + 1) x + B ( x 1) x + C ( x 1) ( x + 1)
2 2

586
 1
x =1 A.2. =1
2
A=1

3
x = 1 B . ( 2 ) . = 1
2
1
B=
3

1 1 3 1
x= C . . =
2 2 2 4
1
C=
3
Assim,
3 1 13 13
I = + dx
2 x 1 x + 1 x 1 2
3 1 1 1
= ln x 1 + ln x + 1 ln x + C
2 2 2 2

x 2 + 5x + 4
5. x 2 2 x + 1 dx

A B
= dx + + dx
2
x 1 ( x 1)
7 10
= x + + dx
2
x 1 ( x 1)
10
= x + 7 ln x 1 +C
x 1

x 1
6. ( x 2 ) ( x 3)
2 2
dx

A B C D
x 2 + (x 2) 2
+ + dx
x 3 ( x 3)2

Clculo de A, B , C e D

587
 2 2 2 2
x 1 A( x 2 ) ( x 3) + B( x 3) + C ( x 2 ) ( x 3) + D ( x 2 )
( ) ( ) ( ) (
x 1 A x 3 8 x 2 + 21x 18 + B x 2 6 x + 9 + C x 3 7 x 2 + 16 x 12 + D x 2 4 x + 4 )

A + C = 0
8 A + B 7C + D = 0

21A 6 B + 16C 4 D = 1
18 A + 9 B 12C + 4 D = 1

A = 3 ; B = 1 ; C = 3 e D = 2
Assim,
3 1 3 2
I = + 2
+ + dx
2
x 2 ( x 2 ) x 3 ( x 3 )

= 3 ln x 2 +
(x 2)1 3 ln x3 +2.
(x 3)1 + C
1 1
1 2
= 3 ln x 2 3 ln x 3 +C
x2 x3
x2 1 2
= 3 ln +C
x3 x2 x3

(x
+1 2
)
7. x 4
7 x + 18 x 2 20 x + 8
3
dx

A B C D
I = + + 2
+ dx
x 1 x 2 (x 2) (x 2 )3
Clculo de A, B, C e D
3 2
x 2 + 1 A ( x 2 ) + B ( x 1) ( x 2 ) + C ( x 1) ( x 2 ) + D ( x 1)

A = 2 ; B = 2 ; C = 1 ; D = 5
Assim,

588
 1 5
I = 2 ln x 1 + 2 ln x 2 + +C
x 2 2 ( x 2 )2
1 5
= 2 ln x 1 + 2 ln x 2 + +C
x 2 2 ( x 2 )2
x2 1 5
= 2 ln + +C
x 1 x 2 2 ( x 2 )2
2
x2 1 5
= ln + +C
x 1 x 2 2 ( x 2 )2

dx
8. x 3
4x 2
A B C
= + 2 + dx
x x x 4

Clculo de A, B e C
1 Ax ( x 4 ) + B( x 4 ) + Cx 2

x = 0 1 = 4 B B = 1
4

x = 4 1 = 16C C = 1
16

A+C = 0 A = 1
16
Assim,
1 1 1

I = 16 + 42 + 16 dx
x x x4


1
1 1 x 1
= ln x + ln x 4 + C
16 4 1 16
1 1 1
= ln x + + ln x 4 + C
16 4 x 16
1 x4 1
= ln + + C.
16 x 4x

x3 + 2x 2 + 4
9. 2 x 2 + 2 dx

589
 1 x3 + 2 x 2 + 4
2
= dx
x2 + 1
1 x + 2
= x + 2 + 2 dx
2 x +1
1 x2 xdx dx
= + 2 x 2 + 2 2
2 2 x +1 x + 1
1 x2 1
= + 2 x ln x 2 + 1 + 2 arc tgx + C
2 2 2
2
x 1
=
4 4
( )
+ x ln x 2 + 1 + arc tg x + C

5dx
10. x 3
+ 4x

A Bx + C
= 5 + 2 dx
x x +4

Clculo de A, B e C
( )
1 A x 2 + 4 + (Bx + C ) x

x=0 A= 1
4

A + B = 0 B = 1
4
C=0
Assim,
1 4 1 4 x
I = 5 + 2 dx
x x +4
1 1 1
= 5 ln x . ln x 2 + 4 + C
4 4 2
5 1
(
= ln x ln x 2 + 4 + C
4
)
2

3x 1
11. x 2
x +1
dx

590
 3 x dx dx
= 2
2
x x +1 x x +1
3 2x 1 + 1 dx
= 2
2 x x +1
dx 2
x x +1
3 2x 1 1 dx
= 2 dx + 2
2 x x +1 2 x x +1
3 1 dx
= ln x 2 x + 1 + 2
2 2 x x +1
1
x
3 1 1 2 +C
= ln x 2 x + 1 + . arc tg
2 2 3 3
4
2
1
x
3 1 2 +C
= ln x 2 x + 1 + arc tg
2 3 3
2
3 1 2x 1
= ln x 2 x + 1 + arc tg +C
2 3 3

dx
12. x 3
+8

dx
=
(
(x + 2) x 2 2 x + 4 )
A Bx + C
= + 2 dx
x + 2 x 2x + 4

Clculo de A, B e C
( )
1 A x 2 2 x + 4 + (Bx + C ) ( x + 2 )

A + B = 0

2 A + 2 B + C = 0
4 A + 2C = 1

1 1 1
A= ; B= eC=
12 12 3
Assim,

591
 1 dx 1 x + 1
I= x + 2 x 212 2 x + 43 dx
12 +

1 x 1
1
= ln x + 2 + 2 12 dx + 2 3 dx
12 x 2x + 4 x 2x + 4
1 1 1 2x 2 + 2 1 dx
= ln x + 2 . 2 dx + 2
12 12 2 x 2 x + 4 3 x 2x + 4
1 1 (2 x 2 ) dx 1 dx
= ln x + 2 2 + 2
12 24 x 2 x + 4 4 x 2 x + 4
1 1 1 1 x 1
= ln x + 2 ln x 2 2 x + 4 + . arc tg +C
12 24 4 3 3

x 1
13. (x 2
+ 2x + 3 )
2
dx

1 2x + 2 2 dx
=
2 (x 2
+ 2x + 3 ) 2

(x 2
+ 2x + 3 ) 2

1 2x + 2 2 dx
2 x2 + 2x + 3 2
= 2
( (x + 1)2 + 2
2
) [ ]
(
1 x2 + 2x + 3 x +1 )
1
1 dx
=
2 1
2 +
2 . 2 (2 1) x + 2 x + 3 4(2 1) x + 2 x + 3
2 2
( )
1 1 x +1 1 dx
= 2
2 2
2 x + 2x + 3 2 x + 2x + 3 2 x + 2x + 3 ( )
x2 1 x +1
= arc tg +C
2
(
2 x + 2x + 3 2 2 2 )

dx
14. x(x 2
x +1 )
2

A Bx + C Dx + E
= + 2 + dx
x x x +1 x2 x +1 2 ( )

Clculo de A, B, C, D e E.
( ) 2
1 A x 2 x + 1 + (Bx + C )x x 2 x + 1 + (Dx + E )x ( )
x = 0 1= A

( )
1 A x 4 2 x 3 + 3 x 2 2 x + 1 + (Bx + C ) x 3 x 2 + x + Dx 2 + Ex ( )

592
A + B = 0
2 A B + C = 0

3 A + B C + D = 0
2 A + C + E = 0

A = 1

A = 1 ; B = 1 , C = 1 ; D = 1 , E = 1
Assim,
1 x +1 x + 1
I = + 2 + dx
x x x +1 x x +1 2
2
( )

dx 1 2 x 1 + 1 dx 1 2x + 1 1 dx
= + 2 dx + 2 + (x dx +
x 2 x x +1 x x +1 2
x +1 x2 x + 1 2
) 2
( )
2

1 2x + 1 1 dx 1 ( 2 x + 1)dx 1 dx
= ln x + 2 dx + 2 + +
2 x x +1 2 x x +1 2 x x +1
2 2
2 x x +1 2
2
( ) ( )
1 1 x2 x + 1 ( 1 ) 1
dx 1 dx
+ 2
2
= ln x ln x x + 1 +
2 2 1 2 x x +1 2 x x +1 2
2
( )
1
x
1 1 1 2 2+1 dx
= ln x ln x 2 x + 1 +
2 2
( + .
2 x x +1 2 3 )arc tg
3
2 x x +1 2
2
( )
2
1 5 3 2x 1 x +1
= ln x ln x 2 x + 1 + arc tg + +C
2 9 3
2
3 x x +1 ( )

4x 4
15. x 4 x 3 6 x 2 + 4 x + 8dx
4 x 3 + 24 x 2 16 x 32
= 4 + 2 dx
( x 2 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 1)
A B C D
= 4dx + + + + 2
dx

x + 1 x + 2 x 2 (x 2)

Calculando A,B,C, e D:
2 2
4 x 3 + 24 x 2 16 x 32 A( x 2 ) (x + 2 ) + B ( x 2 ) ( x + 1) + C ( x 2 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 1) + D ( x + 2 ) ( x + 1)

593
A + B + C = 4
2 A 3B + C + D = 24

4 A 4C + 3D = 16
8 A + 4 B 4C + 2 D = 32

A = 4 ; B = 4 ; C = 68 ; D = 16
9 9 3
Assim,
4 dx 68 dx 16
9 4dx 9 3dx
I = 4x + + + +
x +1 x+2 x2 ( x 2 )2
1
4 68 16 ( x 2 )
= 4 x + ln x + 1 4 ln x + 2 + ln x 2 + . +C
9 9 3 1

x2
16. 2 1 1 dx
3x x
2 2

1 2
x
3 1 x 2 dx
I= dx =
1 1 3 x2 1 x 1
x2 x
6 6 6 6
1 1
1
x+
= 1 + 6 6 dx
3 1 1
x 2 x
6 6

1 1 A B
= dx + + dx
3 6 x1 x+1

2 3
4
1
9
x +
1 5 + 5 dx + C
=
3
6 x 1 x+ 1
2 3
1 1 1 2 1
= x + ln x ln x + + C
3 10 2 45 3

dx
17. x 2
+ 9x

594
 A Bx + C
= + 2 dx
x x +9
19 1 9x
= dx + 2 dx
x x +9
1 1 1
= ln x + . ln x 2 + 9 + C
9 9 2
1 1
(
= ln x ln x 2 + 9 + C
9
)
2

dx
18. (x 2
)(
+1 x2 + 4 )
Ax + B Cx + D
2
x +1
dx + 2
x +4
dx

Calculando A,B,C, e D:
( ) (
1 ( Ax + B ) x 2 + 4 + (Cx + D ) x 2 + 1 )
A + C = 0
B + D = 0

4 A + C = 0
4 B + D= 1
A = 0 ; B = 1 ; C = 0 ; D = 1
3 3
Assim,
1 1
I= 2 3 dx + 2 3 dx
x +1 x +4
1 1 1 x
= arc tg x . arc tg + C
3 3 2 2
1 1 x
= arc tg x arc tg + C
3 6 2

x3 + x 2 + 2 x + 1
19. x3 1 dx
x3 + x 2 + 2 x + 1 x2 + 2x + 2
x3 1 dx = 1 + x3 1 dx
A Bx + C
= 1 + + 2 dx
x 1 x + x + 1

595
Calculando A, B e C
( )
x 2 + 2 x + 2 A x 2 + x + 1 + (Bx + C ) ( x + 1)

A + B = 1

C + A B = 2
A C = 2

A = 5 ; B = 2 ; C = 1
3 3 3
Assim,
2 1
53
x+
I = 1 + + 23 3 dx
x 1 x + x +1


5 1 2x + 1
= x + ln x 1 2 dx
3 3 x + x +1
5 1
= x + ln x 1 ln x 2 + x + 1 + C
3 3

x 3 dx
20. (x 2
+2 )
2

Fazendo
x3 Ax + B Cx + D
= +
(x 2
+2 ) 2
x2 + 2 (
x2 + 2
2
)
Calculando A,B,C e D
(
x 3 ( Ax + B ) x 2 + 2 + Cx + D )
x Ax + 2 Ax + Bx 2 + 2 B + Cx + D
3 3

A = 1
B = 0

2 A + C = 0 C = 2
2 B + D = 0 D = 0
Assim,

596
 x 2x
I= x 2
+2
dx +
x2 + 2
2
dx
( )
=
1
ln x 2 + 2
x2 + 2
+C
( )
1

2 1
1 1
= ln x 2 + 2 + 2 +C
2 x +2

dx
21. x 4
3x + 3x 2 x
3

1 A B C D
4 2 3
= + + 2
+
x 3 x + 3 x x x x 1 ( x 1) (x 1)3
Calculando A,B,C e D
3 2
1 A(x 1) + Bx ( x 1) + Cx ( x 1) + Dx

x = 0 1 = A A = 1
x =1 1= D D =1

A+ B = 0
B = A B =1

3 A + B C + D = 0 C = 1
Assim,
1 1 1 1
I = + 2
+ dx
3
x x 1 ( x 1) ( x 1)
1 2
= ln x + ln x 1
( x 1)
+
( x 1)
+C
1 2
x 1 1 1
= ln + +C
x x 1 2( x 1)2

x dx
22. (x 1) (x + 1)2 2

x A B C D
2
= + 2
+ +
(x 1) (x + 1) x 1 (x 1) x + 1 ( x + 1)2

Calculando A,B,C e D

597
 2 2 2 2
x A ( x 1) ( x + 1) + B( x + 1) + C ( x 1) (x + 1) + D( x 1)
( ) ( )
x A x 3 + 2 x 2 + x x 2 2 x 1 + Bx 2 + 2 Bx + B + C x 3 + x 2 2 x 2 2 x + x + 1 + Dx 2 2 Dx + D

A + C = 0
A + B C + D = 0

A + 2 B C 2 D = 1
A + B + C + D = 0

A = 0, B = 1 / 4, C = 0, D = 1 / 4

Assim,
1 1
I= 4 + 4 dx
( x 1)2 ( x + 1)2

1 1
1 ( x 1) 1 ( x + 1)
= +C
4 1 4 1
1 1 1 1
= + +C
4 x 1 4 x +1

x 2 + 2x 1
23. (x 1) (x 2 2
+1 )
dx

x 2 + 2x 1 A B Cx + D
= + + 2
(x 1) 2
(x 2
+1 ) x 1 ( x 1) 2
x +1

Calculando A,B,C e D
x 2 + 2 x 1 A( x 1) (x 2 + 1) + B (x 2 + 1) + (Cx + D ) ( x 1)
2

x = 1 2 = 2B B = 1

( )
x 2 + 2 x 1 A x 3 + x x 2 1 + Bx 2 + B + Cx 3 2Cx 2 + Cx + Dx 2 2 Dx + D

A + C = 0
A + B 2C + D = 1

A + C 2D = 2
A + B + D = 1

A = 1, B = 1, C = 1, D = 1

598
Assim,
1 1 x 1
I = + 2
+ 2 dx

x 1 ( x 1) x + 1
(x 1)1 + x dx dx
= ln x 1 +
1 x 2
+1
2
x +1
1 1
= ln x 1 ln x 2 + 1 arc tg x + C
x 1 2

24. Verificar a formula

du 1 u+a
a 2
u 2
=
2a
ln
ua
+C

1 A B
2 2
= +
u a ua u+a

Calculando A eB
1 A (u + a ) + B (u a )
u = a 1 = 2a A A = 1
2a
u = a 1 = 2 a B B = 1
2a
Assim,
du du
I= a
u 2
= 2
2
u a2
1 a 1 a
= 2 du + 2 du
ua u+a

1 1
= ln u a + ln u + a + C
2a 2a
1 u+a
= ln +C
2a ua

1 1
25. Calcular a rea da regio limitada pelas curvas y = , y= ,
(x 1) (x 4 ) (1 x )(x 4)
x=2 e x=3

A Figura que segue mostra a rea.

599
 y

x
1 2 3

-1

3
1 1
A = dx
2
(1 x ) (x 4) (x 1) (x 4)
3
2
= dx
2
(x 1) (x 4)
Fazendo:
2 A B
= +
(x 1) (x 4) x 1 x 4
Calculando A e B:
2 A( x 4) + B( x 1)

x = 4 2 = 3B B = 2
3
x = 1 2 = 3 A A = 2
3
Assim,
2 2
2dx 3 3 dx
(x 1) (x 4) x 1 x 4
=

2 2
= ln x 1 ln x 4 + C
3 3

2 2
3

A = ln x 1 ln x 4
3 3 2
2
= (ln 2 ln 1) 2 (ln 1 ln 2)
3 3
2 2 4
= ln 2 + ln 2 = ln 2u.a.
3 3 3

600
 1
26. Calcular a rea da regio sob o grfico de y = 2
de x = 2 ate x = 2
x + 2x + 5
A Figura que segue mostra a rea.
y

0.4

0.2

x
-2 -1 1 2

2 2
dx dx
2 x 2 + 2 x + 5 = (x + 1)
2
2
+4
2
1 x +1
= arc tg
2 2 2
1 3 1 1
= arc tg arc tg u.a.
2 2 2 2

1
27. Calcular a rea da regio sob o grfico y = de x = 1 ate x = 4
x ( x 5)
2

A Figura que segue mostra a rea.

601
 y

0.4

0.2

x
1 2 3 4

dx
I =
x ( x 5)
2

1 A B C
= + 2 +
x ( x 5) x x
2
x 5

1 A(x 5)x + B ( x 5) + Cx 2

x = 0 1 = 5 B B = 1
5
x = 5 1 = 25C C = 1
25

A + C = 0 A = 1
25

1 25 1 5 1 25
I = + 2 + dx
x x x 5
1 1 1 1
= ln x + . ln x 5 + C
25 5 x 25
4
1 1 1 1
A = ln x + . ln x 5
25 5 x 25 1
1 1 1 1
= ln 4 + + + ln 4
25 20 5 25
2 3
= ln 4 + u. a.
25 20

602
 1
28. Calcular a rea da regio sob o grfico de y = de x = 2 ate x = 2
(x 2
+3 )
2

A Figura que segue mostra a rea.

y

0.2

0.1

x
-2 -1 1 2

-0.1

dx
I =
(x 2
+3 )
2

x = 3 tg
dx = 3 sec 2 d
x 2 + 3 = 3 tg 2 + 3
(
= 3 tg 2 + 1 )
= 3 sec 2

3 sec 2 3 d
I= 4
9 sec
d =
9 sec 2
3
=
9 cos 2 d

3 1 1
= + sen 2 + C
9 2 4
3 1 x 1 x 3
= arc tg + .2. .
9 2 3 4 2
3+ x 3 + x2

603
 2
2
dx 3 x 3 3x
A= ( = arc tg + .
2 2
) 18 3 9 2 . 3 +(x 2
)
2 x +3 2
3 2 2
= arc tg + u.a.
9 3 21

29. Investigar as integrais imprprias

+ dx
(a) I =
10 x ( x 5 )
2

dx
I1 = x ( x 5)
2

1 A B C
= + 2+
x ( x 5) x x
2
x 5

=
( )
A( x 5)x + B ( x 5) + C x 2
x 2 ( x 5)
( )
1 = A( x 5)x + B( x 5) + C x 2

1
x = 5 1 = C . 25 C =
25

1
x = 0 1 = B . ( 5) B =
5

x = 1 1 = 4 A 4 B + C
4 1
1 = 4 A +
5 25
4 1 20 + 1 25
4A = + 1 =
5 25 25
4
4A =
25
1
A=
25

604
 1 dx 1 dx 1 dx
I1 = . + 2
+
25 x 5 x 25 x 5
1 dx 1 1 dx
= x 2 dx
25 x 5 25 x 5
1 1 1
= ln x + + ln x 5 + c
25 5 x 25
1 1 x5
= + ln +c
5 x 25 x

b dx
I = lim
b + 10 x ( x 5 )
2

b
1 1 x5
= lim + ln

b + 5 x 25 x 10
1 1 b5 1 1 10 5
= lim + ln ln

b + 5b 25 b 5 . 10 25 10
1 1 1 ln 2 1
= ln =
50 25 2 25 50
ln 2 1
A integral converse e tem como resultado .
25 50

dx2
(b) I =
0 x ( x 5) 2

2 dx 2 dx
I= 2 = lim+ 2
0 x ( x 5) r 0 r x ( x 5)

2
1 1 x 5
= lim+ + ln
r 0
5 x 25 x r
1 1 3 1 1 r 5
= + ln lim+ + ln
10 25 2 r 0 5r 25 r
= +

A integral diverge.

+ dx
c) I = 5 x ( x 5)
2

605
 dx
+
I=
5
x ( x 5) 2

10 dx + dx
= 2 +
5 x ( x 5) 10 x 2 ( x 5)

10 dx 10 dx
I1 = 5
= lim+ 2
x ( x 5) r 5 r x ( x 5)
2

10
1 1 x5
= lim+ + ln
r 5
5 x 25 x r
1 1 10 5 1 1 r 5
= lim+ + ln + ln
r 5
50 25 10 5r 25 r
= +
A integral diverge

1
30. Determinar, se possvel, a rea da regio sob o grfico da funo y = de a
(x 2
+1 )2

+.
A Figura que segue ilustra este exerccio.
y

0.8

0.6

0.4

0.2

x
-2 -1 1 2

+ dx
I =

(x 2
+1 )
2

606
I1 =
dx x x2 + 1 1 (
dx )
1 2

(
x2 + 1
2 =
)
2 . (2 1)
+
2 . 1 x 2 + 1 2 1 ( )
x 1 dx
= + 2
2
(
2 x +1 2 x +1 )
x 1
= + arc tg x + c
(
2 x +1 2
) 2

+ dx 0 dx + dx
I = = +

(x 2
+1 ) 2
(x 2
+1 )
2 0
(x 2
+1 )
2

+ dx
Como o integrando uma funo par, basta investigar a integral (x
0 2
)
+1
2
.

Temos,
b dx
I1 = lim
b + 0 (x 2
+1 )
2

b
x 1
= lim + arc tg x
2
b + 2 x + 1
2 ( ) 0
1
= arc tg (+ )
2
1
= . =
2 2 4

Logo I = 2 . =
4 2

607