2008

...

/
mohamed.elkhayat@yahoo.com

1973

1
2007 633 %18 .

%15
%75 .
59206 2 %20 .2005

.
%35
.

- 1000
2200 %51.2
3
.%10

)1
Mark Holt (July, 2006), "Nuclear Energy Policy", CRS Report for Congress, received through the CRS web.
)2
)http://www.windpower-monthly.com/wpm:WINDICATOR:412853, accessed (Dec, 2006
( ) " (2006 .. " 164 .41 3

www.energyandeconomy.com
 : ....

(1
- - %99.3 23
2006/2007
%7.5 1500 .
%86 %12.6 % 1.4
.

-

67 35

.

.

1986 .

1991
1995 1996

.

. 2003
.2006

2
 : ....

5.4
305


.

240 : 120
120 .
7210 2020
%20 %12
.

(2

%31 .
2006 137. . 113
] [4
.
623 .. . 2006 % 5.4 2005 )(2
.5

(4 )( ) (2007 .
)5 ) (2006

3
 : ....

6002 ) :(2

8-4
/ /2 2800 1700 /
/2 %10 %20
.
- -

.

140
20 .

230.124 .. 20 .. . %0.17
9576

4
 : ....

%7.4
.6

.







!!!.

:-

(1
) (



.

" "
. 11
2001 :
-

(6 ) (2006 .

5
 : ....

) ( -
-
-
-
-
) ( -
-

50.000
4000 )116
( 100.000
4000 17.000 .7

15 2004 "
" :-
. -
. -
. -
. -
. -
. -

-
120
.

7
Alex Schmidt (March 2007), "Terrorism & energy security, targeting oil & other energy sources and
infrastructure", Memorial Institute for the Prevention of Terrorism, MIPT- USA.

6
 : ....

) (2007
-
-
:-
/ 6.8 -
11 10.5
.
%20 -
130 .
4000 -
.
17 15 -
%20 .
-
.

2.5


2005
2007

.

7
 : ....

Short-Term



.

(2
"
"
.8
%80
-
11.3 16
.

.
) ( ) (
) ( ) ( .9
.

.

( 8 ) " (2002 " .285

9 ) " (2001 : " .

8
 : ....

) (

) (%1

%5 .10

.

.

(3




.

7.3
.11

10 ) (2001 .
)11 ) - 2007(" .. " 168 .42

9
 : ....

.

.
.

.

.

7 2005
2 2004
3.5
2005 2.35 50
Framework
Program 7, FP7 2007 .

2010 %12
.12

.13
) 12
Refocus Weekly, "Market for EU renewables pegged at Euro 6100 million a year", Brussels, Belgium, 13 th Dec. 2006.
) 13
http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html?p=washfile-arabic&y=2006&m=November&x=200611-
)15180708, amiwahar0.1398279 (accessed Aug. 5, 2007

10
 : ....

43 .

"" .
"" 2020 %15
.14

"
" 15
.

16
17
- 4400
.

.. !!!.

) 14
)http://www.beeaty.tv/index.cfm?method=home.con&ContentID=1697, (accessed July 25, 2007
15 )
National Economic Council (Feb., 2006), "Advanced Energy Initiative".
)16
Belgian Academy Council for Applied Science (April 2006), "Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier".
17 (
Paula Dobriansky (July, 2006), "Clean Energy for Tomorrow", e-Journal USA, Economic Perspectives.

11
 : ....

-

18


%0.57 2005/2006
.19
%25
%1.8

.

.
.


''


''
. 1984 1988
.
1.6
30 . - 'Sesco-
'Gibraltar 50 .20

)18
)http://usinfo.state.gov/xarchives/display.html, (accessed May 14, 2007
) 19 ) " (2007 ".
(20 ) " (2007 " .169

12
 : ....

%24 -



.

.
GE Electric Ormat Technologies

.21

-

1980 40 100
/ 5 / 15
/ .

Clean Edge Center 22 2006

:-

)21
"Renewable Energy Policy Network for the 21st Century, REN 21, "Renewables Global Status Report: 2006 Update
)22
Joel Makower, Ron Pernick, and Clint Wilder (March 2007), "Clean Energy Trends 2007", Clean Edge Center.

13
 : ....

Bio- " -
"Diesel 20.5 2006 80.9
.2016
2006 17.9 -
60.8 .2016
" " -
15.6 2006 69.3 .2016
Fuel Cells 1.4 -
" : " 15.6
.2016

55.4 2006
226.5 .

23


:
.

) 23
Mohamed M. El-Khayat et al (July, 2007), "Renewable Energy Technologies Manufacturing Facilities In Egypt", Report
submitted to UN/ESCWA.

14
 : ....

) .. (

) ( .

.

.

""






.

- -




:-

15
 : ....

.
.

.

16
 : ....

17