Heavens light is our guide

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

Civil Engineering=> Basic Questions &

answers

A Facebook Group by-

Md. Ahsan Habib

RUET 090063
WRITTEN & COLLECTED BY-
Ahsan Habib
Md Rakibul Islam
Ahmed Hossain
Mohammad Hasan Ali
Md Mahmud Hasan Mamun
Saifur Rahman Shopan
Ibrahim Khalil
Asif Mostafa Anik
Atiqur Rahman Mishu
Golam Kibria Tomal
Golam Morsed Manik
Nur Talukder
Anik Chowdhury
Tasin Mim
Rabbil Hasan Rupom
And Others

EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR
RUET 110034
 SURVEYING

Q-1: SURVEYING W.C.B R.B Govt job

(a) WCB = Whole Circle Bearing. 0 360 , north pole clockwise direction

(b) RB = Reduced Bearing. 0 90 north or south pole clockwise or
anticlockwise direction

Q-2: NAUTICAL MILE.

[Equator] , ?

,
, ? ,
*=, []

1 Nautical mile=1.852 Km
1 Nautical mile per Hour=1 Knot.

Q-3: LAYOUT OF BUILDING: layout Building plan

Building layout

(Height of ground floor level should be 450 mm above the centre line of the front road.)

Q-4: ..

= ( )
=
= ,
= ,
* =
=
=
= .
 ENGINERIING MATERIALS

Q-1:- IDENTIFICATION Of 1st CLASS BRICK:

i. Faces should be plane

ii. Sharp edges
iii. Well burnt
iv. Gives metallic sound when hit by a hammer
v. It should not break when dropped over another from a height of 1m(3.28ft)
vi. Should be free from cracks
vii. Water absorption: 15% by weight

Q-2: OPC.

OPC=Ordinary Portland Cement (free from fly ash: not sensitive to temperature hence it is more
effective to make a RCC roof slab, flyover)

Initial setting time of Ordinary Portland cement (OPC) =30 min.

Q-3: Engineering Properties of Granular Soils, (Coarse sand):

i. Large bearing capacity.

ii. Higher shear strength.
iii. Easy to compaction.
iv. High permeability.
v. Prone to settlement under vibratory loading

Q-4: What is the Basic Difference Between Pore & Void?

Md Rakibul Islam: I think when void is filled up with water then it is pore. Void may contain air
but not pore.
Ahsan Habib: Ei question ta sir amk koiekbar korsilo.actually there is no difference.
Atiqul Islam: , pore pass void
and pore void.
Q-5: SPECIFIC GRAVITY:

The specific gravity of a material is defined as the ratio of the mass of a unit volume of a material to the
mass density of gas-free distilled water at a stated temperature. Specific gravity of soil solids is written
as,

Gs = s / w (1)
where, s and w are the mass density of the soil solids and mass per unit volume of water respectively.

Q-6: Concrete, Water, Brick unit weight

concrete: 2400 kg/m3 (150 lb/ft3),

Brick: 1900kg/m3 (120 lb/ft3),
Water: 1000 kg/m3 (62.4 lb/ft3).

unit weight :

Name --------------Unit weight (kg/m3)

Wood -----------------1200
Cement -- --------------1440
Aggregate--------------1450-1550
Dry sand ------------- 1780
Wet sand - -----------1920
Compacted sand ---2080
Steel - ------------------7850
Q-7: Where Angular Shape and Round Shape Aggregates are Used?

Angular shape => Flexible pavement

Round shape => Rigid pavement

angular shape aggregate :

=> Angular shape aggregate interlocking properties, round shape aggregate .

=> Angular shape aggregate surface area, round shape aggregate Angular shape
aggregate bond strength .

Q-8: Why is Desert Sand not Used for Construction?

The grains of desert sand are finer and smoother when compared to ordinary construction sand because
of the extended weather effects of the desert. Now, if the sand particles are very smooth, their surface
chemistry would not be able to offer sufficient number of multidirectional chemical linkages. Similarly if
their size is too small, the slurry would slip and the concrete would have poor strength. And since
strength is the most important thing in construction, the concrete would be useless if it has low
strength. Thus desert sand is not used.

Q-9: Causes of Dampness in a Building

i. Rising of moisture from ground.

ii. Rain travel from wall tops.
iii. Rain beating against external walls.
iv. Condensation.
v. Poor drainage, defective construction, imperfect roof slope etc.
Q-10: DPC :

DPC means Damp Proof Course.

List of DPC:

i. Flexible materials like butyl rubber, hot bitumen, plastic sheets, bituminous felts, sheets of lead,
copper, etc.
ii. Semi-rigid materials like mastic asphalt.
iii. Rigid materials like impervious bricks, stones, slates, cement mortar or cement concrete painted
with bitumen, etc.
iv. Stones Mortar with waterproofing compounds.
v. Coarse sand layers under floors.
vi. Continuous plastic sheets under floors.

: DPC
DPC ?
Ahmed Hossain: taito mone hocce. Double layer hoe gelo na?
: DPC

Q-11: Cement Field Test:

1. cement , cement cement.

2. , , cement.

3. , soft , cement.
Q-12: Standard Sieve Numbers and Openings.

Q-13: The Three Important FM.

(1) Fineness Modulus,

(2) Frog Mark,

(3) Fouling Mark.

(1). Fineness Modulus: Sieve analysis retained cumulative 100

Fineness Modulus Sand Fineness Modulus , coarse aggregate Fineness
Modulus .

Local sand, FM = 0.5 to 0.8

Coarse sand or sylhet sand, FM = 2.5
Domar sand or dimla sand, FM = 2.63
At improved sub grade 0.5 to 0.8 FM sand should be used.

The fineness modulus of sand shall be...

FOR concrete----------1.8 (minimum).

Mortar-------------1.5 (minimum).
Filling sand-----------0.8 (minimum).
Nurul Islam: Mortar .......... 1.2 (minimum) [recheck it]
Vity Sand (dredge filling sand) .................. 0.2 (minimum).

(2). Frog Mark: brick brick bond Frog Mark

manufacturing company Frog Mark
 (3). Fouling Mark: railway track point join fouling mark train
side collision fouling mark

Q-14: Slump_Test:

Slump test is an indirect measurement of the workability of fresh concrete.

Types_of_Slump:

i. True slump: Slump value= (75 100) mm,

ii. Shear slump: Slump value= (150 200) mm,
iii. Collapse slump: Slump value > 200 mm.
Q-15: Is It Accurate?

Mrinmoy Roy: How to calculate cement mortar for brick masonry?

Adi Thakur: 30% of brick work.

Q-16: Fill in the Gaps.

(a) 1 cu ft =-- bricks
(b) 1 sq ft=-- bricks
(c) 10 cu ft= -- bag cement
(d) 1 MPa=-- KN/sqm
(e) BRIDGE SPAN > -- ft (Bridge and culvert er span. Length.)
(f) std. window width=--
(g) std. door width=--
 Ahsan Habib: (a) 12, (b) 7 or 8, (c) 8 bag cement, (f) 30 to 32 inch,
(g) Standard main exterior door is 36" Secondary exterior doors are usually 32". Interior doors
are 28", 30", 32", or 36".
Shakhawat Hossain: (b) 3 bricks, (e) bridge span>20 ft.
Istiaq Nasir Nishan: >8 m hole bridge na ki jeno akta silo na ... r <8 hole culvert.
Md Rakibul Islam: For bridge span > 6 m or 20 ft.

Q-17: Some Short Questions.

Q-1: What is the volume of per bag cement?

-1.25 cu ft (112 lbs)
Q-2: what is the weight of per bag cement?
-50kg
Q-3: How much water absorb of a brick if the brick take rest for 24 hours submerged in the water?
-1/5 or 1/6 of the brick wt.

Q-4: what is the measurement of a brick?

-9.5in*4.5in*2.75in (without mortar), 10in*5in*3in (with mortar)
Q-5: What is the weight of a first class brick?

-3.85 kg
Q-6: Which sand is mostly used for construction in Bangladesh?

- Domar sand or Dimla sand.

Q-7: Cement concrete consist of cement, sand & brick khoa?

-1:2:4 0r 1:3:6.

EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR

110034

 ESTIMATION

Q-1: Building Minimum Plot size 65 sq. m (700 sq.ft or )

Height of building 20 m (6 storeyed) high rise building

Q-2: SPECIFICATIONS -

150 6

: 2.75 , 9.5 , 2.4

2.75 , 5 , 1.8

2 , 1.8

2.2 , 3

2.4 , 2.5 X 5

1 , 1.5 , 2 , 250 ,
150 , () 2.2

- -
a)
b)
c)
Q-3: !
() "
() "
()
()
()

() ( " = .)

()
()
() .. :
() :
15
() :3 6-7
() .. =.
() = (."x ."x .) = ("x"x")

Convert:

10 mm =1 cm
100 cm = 1 m ()
1" = 25.4 mm
1" = 2.54 cm
39.37" = 1 m
12" = 1' Fit
3' = 1 Yard ()
1 Yard = 36"
72 Fit = 1 bandil.

1" = 8 sut ( )
1/2" = 4 sut ( )
1/4 = 2 sut ( )
1/8 = 1 sut ( )
 :

= .
= .
= .
= .
= .
= .
=.

= . cft
= cft
= . cft

sft " :
sft " : cft
cft :: , cft, cft
cft :: ., . cft, . cft

Q-4: (REBAR) International Kg/m --

2
Formula: ; d= diameter of Rebar.
162.2

102
: 10 mm bar , d=10, = 0.616 Kg/m, local
162.2

12 mm = 0.888 kg/m =
16 mm = 1.579 kg/m =
20 mm = 2.466 kg/m =
22 mm = 2.983 kg/m =
25 mm = 3.854 kg/m =
Q-5: ESTIMATE , ( ).
1. =
2. =.=
3. =
4. = .
5. =
6. =.
7. =
8. =.
9. =%
10. = ....
11. (NCF) =.-
12. % .
13. . = .
14. = =.
15. =
16. %-%
17. =/.=
18. .. .. =d2/.
19.
20. .. .. =./d2
21. .
22. D D , D D.
23. ,, =::
24.
25. .
26.
27.
28. : (., ., ., ., .) . .
29. . =.
30.
31. 333
32.
Q-6: For 100 cft brick work, the no. of bricks required 1152.
The mortar (1:4 ratio) for 100 cft brick work required about 7.5 cft of cement (6 bags) and 30 cft sand.
(N.B: 1 truck sand =200 cft)

Q-7: For 10mx10m Roof Slab (not continuous).

If use reinforcement 10mm dia rod @ 10cm c/c,

Length of steel = (10x10)/0.1 = 1000m.
Weight of 1000m steel@ 0.62 kg/m = 620 kg

And use 10mm dia rod @ 20 cm c/c,

length=(10x10)/ 0.2=500 m
Wt. of 500m @0.62 kg/m=310 kg.

Total Wt. = 620+310=930 kg.

Bar (mm) --- unit wt.(kg/m)

6-----------0.222
8-----------0.400
10-----------0.620
12-----------0.888
16-----------1.579
20-----------2.466

22-----------2.983
25-----------3.854
32-----------6.313
40-----------9.864
 REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE

Q-1: SOME DEFINITIONS.

a) Working stress: Allowable stress to which a structural member can be subjected.

b) Bearing stress: When load is transferred from one surface to another in contact, the stress is
known as bearing stress.
c) Modulus of elaticity (E): Ratio of longitudinal stress to longitudinal strain within elastic region.
d) Shear modulus of elasticity/modulus of rigidity: Ratio of shear stress to shear strain within the
elastic region.
e) Bulk modulus of elasticity: Ratio of hydrostatic stress (or volumetric stress) to volumetric strain
within the elastic region.
f) Elastic Curve: The edge view of the neutral surface of a deflected beam is called the Elastic
curve.

Q-2: BEAM: Structural member subjected to bending moments and shearing forces due to transverse
loading.

Minimum size of beam according to BNBC and ACI code-

BNBC code= 10" * 12"

ACI code= 12" * 12"

Design considerations of a Beam:

1) Bending moment & shear force
2) dDeflection
3) Bearing stress
4) Buckling.

Types of beam:
1. Cantilever beam.
2. Simply supported beam.
3. Overhanging beam.
4. Fixed beam.
5. Continuous beam.
Q-3: Beam analysis. Beam analysis beam size assume thumb-rule
, Beam span length feet depth provide Beam
length 15 feet minimum depth 15 inch analysis analysis conventional
depth provide

Q-4: COLUMN. A column is a compression member, that transmits through compression the weight of
the above structure to other structural elements below.

Short column: slenderness ratio</=12

Long column: slenderness ratio >/= 12

According to ACI code:

i. Minimum diameter of spiral column 10 in.

ii. Least dimension of rectangular column 8 in gross area 96 sq in .
iii. Reinforcement ratio of longitudinal steel 0.01 0.08
iv. Minimum size for longitudinal bars- No. 5
v. Spiral column 6 bar provide .
vi. Tied column at least 4 bar provide .

Q-5: FOOTING.

Footing minimum thickness 8 in provide Foundation design clear cover 3 in

soil contact steel corrosion

Minimum thickness 8 in :
Footing upper lower portion 3 in clear cover ( 6 in) gap 2 in
construction normally 3/4 in down graded aggregate use 2 in gap direction
reinforcement provide at least aggregate easily footing
minimum thickness 8 in

(Lecture of MAA and BA sir).

Q-6: SLAB:

Q-7: A Site Engineer Should Check While a SLAB is Being Cast.

I. Spacing of the reinforcement.

II. Is the shear connectors are tied properly.
III. Is the concrete blocks (provided for maintaining clear cover and dimension of the slab) are of
due height?
IV. Is the reinforcements are straight?
V. Alignment of the prop. (Checked using sprit level).
VI. Placement of the chairs (Chairs are also used to maintain the dimensions of the slab. Generally
made of MS bar of #3) should be over the concrete blocks.
VII. The MS bars of the beam must enter into the column.
VIII. Crank length should be checked which is generally L/4 (here L is the span of the room).

Q-8: CLEAR COVER: (To provide clear cover of beam, column, pile etc.)

Slab: 0.75 inch.

Beam: 1.50 in.
Grade beam: 3 inch because contact with soil.
Footing: 3 in.
Column (superstructure / Ground level ): 1.50 in.
Column (substructure / Ground level ): 2.50- to 3 in.

contact ,
Q-9: SOME QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.

1. What is the difference between CEM-1 and CEM-2 type cement?

2. Why No. 3 & No. 4 bar are only used in slab?
3. Why beam shear check is considered at d distance from the face of the column?
4. Why punching shear check is considered at "d/2" distance from the face of the column?
5. Why minimum footing thickness is considered as 8 inch?

Tushar Ahmed:

1. Cem -I: OPC (95% CLINKER); good for slab, beam, column casting.

Cem -II: PPC (clinker mixing with slag, flash, fibre etc.); good for plastering work.

2. The rebar dia should not exceed 1/8 of total thickness. I think #3 bar is easy to bend.

3. The dispersion angle is 45 degree for this the critical condition of verticle section is located at d

distance which is equal to the effective depth.

4. If the footing depth is less the column may punch through the footing at d/2 distance.

Q-10: DEVELOPMENT LENGTH ?

structure steel bar continuous , connection joint Development Length

critical structure fail

Development Length formula Minimum Development_Length 12 inch. (According

to ACI code, chapter 12) Development Length field !

This development length depends on various parameters.

1. Grade of steel
2. Grade of concrete
3. Diameter of steel bar
4. Type of steel bar and so on.

The development length may be defined as the length of the bar required on either side of the section
to develop the required stress in steel at that section.

The Development length is the embedded length of the reinforcement required to develop the design
strength of the reinforcement at a critical section.
Q-11: STRESS STRENGTH Basic Difference?

external load apply per unit area internally load

, resist stress.

strength stress fail ... maximum stress

strength . Engineering strength yield stress, fy

stress area strength area

Q-12: CORNER REINFORCEMENT:

special reinforcement slab top bottom corner

Slab exterior corner torsion develop resist corner reinforcement

BNBC code , corner larger span length 1/5 th corner reinforcement
Top corner reinforcement parallel direction .
Bottom corner reinforcement perpendicular direction
Q-13: ONE WAY SLAB TWO WAY SLAB DIFFERENCR ?

answer, L / S ratio (large span small span ratio) 2 two way slab, 2 one
way slab.

correct answer support one way two way.

1 direction support oneway, support 2 direction two way slab.

Ashraful R. Imran: slab chance one way two way?

Ahsan Habib: Support condition dekte hobe, taholei bojha jabe.
Ashraful R. Imran: Slab one way two way ,
(a) L/S ratio and (b)Support condition.
slab l/d ratio one way support condition two way ,
?
Ahsan Habib: Tokhn l/s ratio dekha jabe na, tokhn support condition dekte hobe. etai to bujhate
chailam 1 no pic ta te, okhane dekho l/s onujai two way howar kotha but one way hobe.
Kew jodi ask kore one r two way r majhe difference kothai tokhn l/s eta na bole, support
condition dekhe bolte hobe.
Q-14: CULVERT AND BRIDGE DIFFERENCE ?

i. Span length 20ft (6m) culvert, Span length 20ft (6m) bridge.
ii. Culvert water passage , bridge traffic passage .
iii. Culvert floor , bridge .
iv. culvert e nevigation facility nai kintu bridge e nevigation facility ase.
Q-15: CRACK.

? ?
(Crack)

I. ,
II. --
,
III. -

,

/ /
-

psi







-
-
, ,



,


Q-16: SHEAR WALL DESIGN.

(Nijer theke sekha- Asif Mostafa Anik)

Q-17. DETAILS OF-

I. Flat slab, (with drop panel & without drop panel),

&
II. Flat plate.

EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR

110034

 STRUCTURE

Q-1: Types of Buildings According to BNBC.

i. Residential
ii. Educational
iii. Institutional
iv. Health Care
v. Assembly
vi. Business & Mercantile
vii. Industrial
viii. Storage
ix. Hazardous
x. Miscellaneous

Q-2: Bangladesh Bridges:

Suspension Bridge: Rangamati.

Truss Bridge: Hardinge Bridge.
Longest Bridge: Padma Bridge (6150m).
Bangabandhu Bridge: 11th longest Bridge in the world.

Q-3: World Largest:

Largest Bridge in the World: Danyang- Kunshan Grand Bridge, China (Length 164800 m).
Largest Building of the World: Burj Khalifa in Dubai (Height 828m).
Largest Gravity Dam of the world: Bhakra Dam, India (length 518.25m).
Q-4: (%)

Rdiger Lainer and Partner plans to construct the worlds tallest wooden skyscraper next year in
Viennas Seestadt Aspern area.
76 percent of the 84-meter tower is expected to be made from wood rather than concrete, saving
approximately 2,800 tonnes of Carbon di oxide emissions (equivalent to driving a car 25 miles a day for
1,300 years!!!)

Q-5: What is a Tall Building According to Engineering Point of View?

Md Rakibul Islam: Tall building varies city to city (KJS Sir). According to BNBC above 20 m height
(6 Storey) is called high rise building.

: J shokol building design er shomoy wind load er effect consider kora hoi, seguloi
engineer point of view theke lall building.

Nurul Islam: Definition of tall buildings:

A tall building is a building whose height creates different conditions in the design,
construction and use than those that exist in common buildings of certain region and period.
From the point of view of structural engineer, the determination of the structural system for a
tall building structure would ideally involve the selection and arrangement of the major
structural elements to resist most efficiently the various
combinations of gravity and lateral loading. A major consideration affecting the structural
system is the intended function of the building, which a building is going to serve.
As per BNBC..........
Structures or buildings where the highest occupiable (Top Slab level) floor is located more than
20 m (65ft) above the grade level around the building is called a tall building.
Q-6: Exposure
etabs exposure A, B, C , A or B or C ... sir earthquake analysis
6th semester ..

(a) Exposure A: Urban and suburban areas, industrial areas, wooded areas, hilly areas.

(b) Exposure B: Air fields, open park lands, sparsely builtup outskirts of towns, flat open country and
grasslands.

(c) Exposure C: Flat and unobstructed open terrain, coastal areas and riversides facing large bodies of
water, over 1.5 km or more in width.

Q-7: Which Zone is Mostly Risk in Earthquake Effects?

(A) DHAKA, ( B) SYLHET, (C) RAJSHAHI.

Ans: (B)

Q-8: Bulking & Buckling.

Bulking: Volume expansion due to presence of moisture. Generally occurred in sand.

Bucking: Side-way failure/expansion of member subjected to highly compressive stress.
Generally occurred in column and rails (Rails bulking).

(Rail er joint e buckling hoy..ar column e buckling er karone blasting failure hoyeche.)
Q-9: Assumptions for an Ideal TRUSS:

a) All forces are applied at the joint.

b) Bars are connect concentrically by frictionless hinges.
c) Each bar is subjected to axial stress only and this stress is constant along its length.

Practically 100% frictionless possible na. Just assumption eta.

Atiqul Islam: truss analysis /

Example: roof truss analysis. joint fixed
Md Rakibul Islam: Truss e to moment thakbe na . So fixed na.
Atiqul Islam: develop -
simple structure
Lutfor Rahman Rony: according to tahur ahmed sir, truss e ektar beshi bolt use kra manei fixed
kore dea. bastob khetre onkshmy welding o kora hoi joint e ja truss er joint ke fixed kore dey.
ashle truss frictionless kagoje kolomei, bastbe puroi vinno.

Q-10: SHORING. The construction of a temporary structure required to support an unsafe structure.

Ahsan Habib: Shoring ta ki onekta braced cut er moto naki?

Md Rakibul Islam: Shoring-Inclined, horizontal , vertical hote pare. Inclined- use for unsafe wall,
horizontal- use for two adjacent parallel walls of two buildings, vertical- use for unsafe roofs,
floors, walls.
Q-11: Bracing System of Steel Frames: Angle Bracing.

Q-12: Retrofitting: Retrofitting Retrofitting existing

structure
Retrofitting (Jacketing) Building column
strengthening

Jacketing

(a) Steel Jacketing
(b) Reinforced concrete Jacketing
(c) Fiber Reinforced polymer composite(FRPC) Jacketing.
 Purpose for Jacketing:
(a) To increase concrete confinement.
(b) To increase shear strength.
(c) To increase flexural strength.

( )

EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR

110034

 TRANSPORTATION ENGG.

Q-1: Major Disciplines / Parts of Transportation Engg:

i. Transportation planning
ii. Geometric design
iii. Pavement design
iv. Traffic engg.

Q-2: Some Important Definition:

Strength=> resistance to compressive load.

Toughness=> resistance to impact.
Hardness=> resistance to abrasion.
Soundness=> resistance to weathering action.

Q-3: Cohesion & Adhesion.

Cohesion: Cohesion is the attraction of one water molecule to another resulting from hydrogen
bonding V (water-water bond).
Adhesion: Adhesion is similar to cohesion except with adhesion involves the attraction of a
water molecule to a non-water molecule (water-solid bond).
Q-4: Direct Road Provide .

(Actually Vehicle speed control use )

Speed breaker: Provide

Rumble strip: strip provide height speed breaker
Rajshahi New degree college rumble strip
Zebra crossing: Road across white painting crossing point indicate
provide effectiveness

Q-5: Modes of Friction:

Friction has five modes.

Dry friction occurs between two solid bodies,

Fluid frction is also known as viscosity,
Lubricated friction where two solids are separated by a liquid layer;
Skin friction opposes a moving solid in a liquid, and
Internal friction causes the internal components of a solid to make friction.

Q-6 : Difference between SKID AND SLIP.

Slip: no linear displacement occurs ( l< 2* pi * r).

Skid: linear displacement occurs ( l > 2* pi *r)
Q-7: Difference Between Flexible Pavement and Rigid Pavement :

Flexible pavement: Bitumen pavement (Talaimari road)

Rigid pavement: Concrete pavement (RUET road)

Atiqul Islam: effective?

Ahsan Habib: Flexible pavement portion , rigid pavement
concrete pavement portion road .
Condition depend concrete pavement ,
concrete pavement driver glare ( )
highway road bituminous pavement load distibution important factor.
Q-8: Dowel Bar Tie Bar ?

pictute road pavement transverse joint longitudinal joint

Dowel bar slab transverse joint , Tie bar slab longitudinal joint

Joint faulting corner cracking dowel bar , Transverse cracking tie bar

Q-9: Purpose of Dowel Bar.

i. To effectively transfer the load between two concrete slabs.

ii. To keep the two slabs in same height.
(N.B. Dowel bars are provided in the direction of traffic).

Q-10: What is Creep?

a) Additional deflection after removing external loading @ RCC beam

b) Longitudinal deformation due to moving of wheel @ rail.

Q-11: BLEEDING:

'Bleeding' , 'Concrete' Bleeding

'Bleeding of Concrete'

'Fine Particle' ,

Bleeding -
. 'Abrasion resistant' .
. 'Reinforcement' 'Aggregate' 'Bonding' .
 -
. 'Fineness'
. 'Hydration' 'C3S, C3A, Alkali'
. 'Pozzolan'

EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR

110034
..
 GEOTECHNICAL ENGG.

Q-1: Compaction & Consolidation.

Compaction = removal of the air voids

consolidation= removal of all air, water voids.

Q-2: Stabilityof Foundation Depends on:

The bearing capacity of the soil beneath the foundation

The settlement of the soil beneath the foundation.

Q-3: Soil Bearing Capacity ,

1 SPT value= 0.15 Ton per Square Feet (Empirical Formulae).

Standard penetration test N value

1 N value is equivalent to 0.15 tsf.

Q-4. Write Some Methods to Improve Bearing Capacity of Soil.

i. Increasing the depth of footing.

ii. Draining of sub-soil water.
iii. Driving sand piles.
iv. Ramming the granular material like crushed stone in the soil.

Q-5: Sensitivity of Clays:

The ratio of unconfined compression strength of undisturbed soil to unconfined

compression strength of soil in remolded state without change in the water content
Q-6: What is Liqueafaction?

Soil liquefaction describes a phenomenon whereby a saturated or partially

saturated soil substantially loses strength and stiffness in response to an applied stress, usually
earthquake shaking or other sudden change in stress condition, causing it to behave like a liquid.

Reduction of shear strength of soil.

Flowing of ground water upward during fully submerged condition.
Quick condition of soil.

Q-7: Parameter Test: (Important for viva).

Bearing Capacity:
(1) Plate load test method &
(2) Penetration test method.

Soil Classification:
(1) USCS (Unified Soil Classification System) &
(2) AASHTO,

Soil Classification Test:

(1) Grain size analysis,
(a) Sieve analysis (Coarser materials) &
(b) Hydrometer analysis ( Finer materials)
(2) Consistency or Atterberg Limit Test

Liqid limit:
(1) Cassagrand's method &

(2) Cone penetrometer method

Preconsolidation pressure / Compression Index Cc/ Swelling Index Sc:

e-logP curve

Compaction_lab:
(1) Standard proctor test & (2) Modified proctor test.

Compaction field:
(1) Calcium carbide method &
(2) Proctor needle method
 Co-efficient of permeability(K): (Lab)
(1) Constant head method &
(2) Falling head method

Co-efficient of consolidation( Cv):

(1) Logarithm of time method &
(2) Square root of time method

Shear strength parameter:

(1) Direct shear test,
(2) Tri-axial shear test,
(3) Unconfined compression test &
(4) Vane shear test.

Stress path:
(1) MIT stress path &
(2) Cambridge stress path.

B-value/ A-value: Triaxial test.

Q-8: Grid Lines.

Grid lines are line in a property laid to indicate location of the piles, column etc. Generally in a plan grid
lines are drawn and then in turn is laid on the ground.

Characteristics:

i. Any intersecting point of two grid line are perpendicular.

ii. Along a direction grid lines are parallel to each other.
iii. Diagonal of a rectangle or square formed by the grid lines are equal in length.

How to plot the grids on the property or ground:

One of the toughest job an engineer has to perform on the site. Because it is mentally challenging also
physically taunting-

i. First we have to choose a grid line of any direction. And according to the dimension on the plan
from the edge of the two ends they are laid.
 ii. Now just plot the distance of the other grid of that direction on thread. We have our grid of one
direction.
iii. Now again we have to choose another grid perpendicular to the grid laid. And by pointing the
distance on any two grid line laid previously we will have our chosen grid plotted.
iv. Now by pointing distance of other grid from the laid grid we will have our full grid line plotted
on the ground or property.

Precaution:

i. Measurement tape should be as straight as possible.

ii. Diagonal check has to be carried out.
iii. To indicate the grid nylon thread are generally should be used.

Q-9: - -:

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Q-10: - -:

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Q-11: :
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EDITED & PDF BY-

ATIQUE SHAHARIAR

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 WATER RELATED

Q-1: Notch, Weir & Syphon.

Notch: an opening provided in the side of the tank or vessel such that the liquid surface in the
tank is below the top edge of the opening.
Weir: any regular obstruction in an open channel over which the flow takes place.
Syphon: it is a long bent pipe used to connect two reservoirs at different levels intervented by a
high ridge

Q-2: Orifice Meter & Pitot Tube:

Orifice meter is a device used for measuring the discharge of liquid flowing through a pipe.
Pitot tube: small open tube bent at right angle which is used to measure the velocity of flow at
the required point in pipe.

Q- 3: DIMENSIONLESS NUMBERS:

Reynold's number: ratio of inertia force to viscous force.

Froude's number: ratio of inertia force to gravity force.
Weber's number: ratio of inertia force to surface tension force.
Euler's number: ratio of inertia force to pressure force.
Mach's number: ratio of inertia force to elastic force.
Q-4: What Are The Difference Between Dam and Embankment?

Dam: constructed across the river.

Embankment: constructed along the river.

Q-5: Stagnation Point & Freeways.

Stagnation point: A point in flow where the velocity of fluid is zero.

Freeways: Freeways access-controlled divided highways. Most freeways are four lanes, two
lanes each direction.

Q-6: Rabi & Kharif Season.

Rabi Season: 1st October- 31st March

Kharif Season: 1st April - 30th September

Q-7: Consumptive & Conjunctive Use of Water

Consumptive use of water: using of water by different consumers like animals, evaporation,
transpiration etc.
Conjunctive use of water: use of water from surface and ground storage for supplying and
conservation purposes.
 ABBREBIATION

Q-1: Digital Term :

VIRUS- Vital Information Resource Under Seized.

PDF- Portable Document Format.
UPS- Uninterruptible Power Supply.
CD- Compact Disc.
DVD- Digital Versatile Disc (or Digital Video Disc).
GPRS- General Packet Radio Service.
WAP- Wireless Application Protocol (or Wireless access Point).
SIM- Subscriber Identity Module.
3GP- 3rd Generation Project.
JPEG- Joint Photographic Expert Group.

Q-2: Some Organizations.

ASCE = American Society of Civil Engineers.

ASTM= American Society for Testing and Materials.
ACI= American Concrete Institute.
AASHO= American Association of State Highway Officials.
AASHTO= American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials.
A.R.E.A= American Railway engineering association.
PWD= Public Works Department.
LGED= Local Government Engineering Department.
BNBC= Bangladesh national building code.
BSI= Bangladesh standard institute.
BSTI= Bangladesh standard testing institute.
I.S.I= Indian standard institute.
Q-3: :

L.L- Live load.

D.L- Dead load.
I.L- influence line.
SFD- Shear force diagram
BM-Bending moment (or Bench mark).
BMD- Bending moment diagram.
CC- Cement concrete.
LC - Lime Concrete.
RBC - Reinforced Brick Concrete.
C.P - Cement Plaster.
AC- Asbestos cement.
CS- Comparative statement.
PERT- Program Evaluation and Review Technique.
CPM-Critical path method.
USD-Ultimate strength design.
WSD-Working stress design.
PL-Plinth level.
GL- Ground level.
EGL- Existing ground level.
OGL- Original ground level.
FGL- Formation ground level.
HFL- Highest flood level.
RL- Reduced level.
WC- Water closet.
EL- Environmental load.
USC- Ultimate stress of concrete.
ASC- Allowable Stress of concrete.
FM- Fineness modulus (or Frog Mark or Fouling Mark).
PVC- Poly vinyl chloride.
UPVC- Un-plasticized Polyvinyl chloride.
PPR - Poly Propylene Random.
GP-Ground plane.
VP-Vertical plane.
HP-Horizontal plane.
GWT- Ground water table.
DPC = Damp proof course.
C.I Sheet = Corrugated Iron Sheet.
C.I Pipe = Cast Iron Pipe.
MB = Measurement Book.
NCF = Neat Cement Finishing.
S.W.G = Standard wire gauge.
 MISCELLANEOUS

Q-1: ' ' ?

---,

Q-2: What is Civil Engineering?

Civil Engineering is a professional engineering discipline which deals with
the design, construction and maintenance of the physical and naturally built environment.

It was the second engineering sector all over the world after military engineering.

Q-3: FOLLOWING MATTERS SHOULD BE KEPT IN MIND IN MAKING A PLAN.

All buildings facing a street shall be constructed at a distance of at least 4.5m

from the centre of the street or 1.5m from the road front property line.
Roof or cornice may be extended into the mandatory open space for a max distance of 0.5 m.
Sunshade may be extended into the mandatory open space for a max distance of 0.75 m.
Balcony at levels higher than 6m provided should not more than 0.9m and should keep
clearance at least 1.5m between the edge of the balcony and the property line.
For more than one building in the same plot, minimum separation of 2m should be provided if
the height of both adjacent building is not more than 8m or two storey.
In residential area, total open area should not be less than 33% 0f the plot area.
Max height of building should not exceed the 2 times of sum of the width of front road or front
open space.

Q-4: Cornice, Corbel & Coping.

Cornice=Horizontal projection of roof.

Corbel=Projection from wall to form a support.
Coping=Covering on a wall top usually sloped to through off rain water.
Q-5: Reinforced Steel "500W"

''W" "Weldability"

Yield Strength 500 MPa.

Q-6: TMT Bar ?

TMT stands for Thermo Mechanically Treated. The TMT bars have a hard outer surface and a softer core.
Their manufacturing process includes hot rolled steel wires passed through water. This makes the
surface hard and keeps the core warmer and softer. This helps in making the steel corrosion resistance
and also increase its weldability.

Q-7: F.P.S 'Foot' 'Feet' ?

Foot--Singular number.
Feet--Plural number.

1 Foot 2 Feet

Q-8: Residential Building Lodge Cottage

Civil engg. -

Cottage .
Lodge () .
Nest (Tuhin Nest- , ).
Q-9: STRESS.

STRESS , "Load per unit area".

, , "Internal resistance per unit area".

Stress Internally

++ Stress() !

Atiqul Islam: pressure stress difference ?

Ahsan Habib: pressure represent intensity of external forces acting at a point. But stress
represent intensity of internal resisting forces develop at a point.
Pressure is always acts normal to the surface. But stress may also act either normal or parallel to
the surface.
Q-10 Common SFD & BMD .
Q-11 The Journey Start With It.
Q-12: Wind Velocity of All Districts of Bangladesh.
Q-13: ;

Structural Design Engineer:

i. Etabs / Staad Pro (Essential for any kind of structural analysis).
ii. SAP (Bridge design).
iii. SAFE (Slab Design).
iv. GRASP (Foundation Design/ Beam).
v. MS Excel (for making the design steps easier in your own way).
vi. Autocad/ Autocad Structural Detailing (specially for detailing).

Construction Engineer:
i. Office Suite (MS Office)
ii. MS Project/ Primavera (For project management).
iii. Autocad.

BOQ / Managerial Engineer / Office Engineer / Others:.

i. MS office (specially MS Excel)
ii. MS Project/ Primavera.
iii. Autocad.

Extra Capabilities:
i. 3ds Max/ Maya/ Sketch up/ Revit Architecture (3D modelling)
ii. Visual Basic/ C++/ Any programming language
iii. Web designing

Note: You won't be benefited for having such Extra Capabilities nonetheless, you have to do more task
which are related to mentioned software but you can learn these for your own interest.

These software may help you for your initial preparation but I would say that nothing can't be compared
with practical knowledge.

Special Note: As we know, drawing is the language of engineers so it must for an engineer to have some
knowledge in AUTOCAD.

Q-14: ETABS e Importance Tips.

i. 1st floor floor error free replicate slab

edge change Floor
ii. Grade Beam provide deflection control tough
iii. Lift core Roof elevation 4' 6' elevation machine room
iv. Cantilever portion deflection (slab ) safe e check
 v. Lift pit shear wall L-shape column provide , equal gap
vi. extra combo create kora
(a) DL+PW+FACADE= DL;
(b) DEF= 1.2LL+1.77DL.

total DL long term deflection check .

Q-15: THESIS? No Tension.

It is not a difficult task. Take it easily and proceed.

Some general concepts before going to select a research topic.

i. Firstly, it depends on ur supervisor choice/interest in what field/area he wants to work.

ii. Secondly, if he gives the option to choose, then u must select something worthy (topic) in which
u have better ability to do research with keep in mind the supervisor academic background.
iii. If u have interest for higher education, then choose something so that u can continue to do
advance research on it.
iv. In addition, choose a smart topic that means which have various aspect, importance and values
regarding safety, economy, environment etc.
v. Last but at least, never choose a complex one which may be matter of pain for ur course work
subjects.

You can get more idea for thesis topic by observing previous thesis papers from our rental library,

Q-16: Top 10 Civil Engineer Interview Questions and Answers. (From net).

i. Why do you want this civil engineer job? Again, companies want to hire people who are
passionate about the job, so you should have a great answer about why you want the position.
(And if you don't? You probably should apply elsewhere.) First, identify a couple of key factors
that make the role a great fit for you (e.g., I love customer support because I love the constant
human interaction and the satisfaction that comes from helping someone solve a problem"),
then share why you love the company (e.g., Ive always been passionate about education, and I
think you guys are doing great things, so I want to be a part of it).

ii. What have you learned from mistakes on the civil engineer job? Candidates without specific
examples often do not seem credible. However, the example shared should be fairly
inconsequential, unintentional, and a learned lesson should be gleaned from it. Moving ahead
 without group assistance while assigned to a group project meant to be collaborative is a good
example.

iii. What challenges are you looking for in this civil engineer position? A typical interview question
to determine what you are looking for your in next job, and whether you would be a good fit for
the position being hired for, is "What challenges are you looking for in a position?" The best way
to answer questions about the challenges you are seeking is to discuss how you would like to be
able to effectively utilize your skills and experience if you were hired for the job. You can also
mention that you are motivated by challenges, have the ability to effectively meet challenges,
and have the flexibility and skills necessary to handle a challenging job. You can continue by
describing specific examples of challenges you have met and goals you have achieved in the
past.

iv. Describe a typical work week for civil engineer position? Interviewers expect a candidate for
employment to discuss what they do while they are working in detail. Before you answer,
consider the position you are applying for and how your current or past positions relate to it.
The more you can connect your past experience with the job opening, the more successful you
will be at answering the questions. It should be obvious that it's not a good idea talk about non-
work related activities that you do on company time, but, I've had applicants tell me how they
are often late because they have to drive a child to school or like to take a long lunch break to
work at the gym. Keep your answers focused on work and show the interviewer that you're
organized ("The first thing I do on Monday morning is check my voicemail and email, then I
prioritize my activities for the week.") and efficient.

v. What is your biggest weakness? No one likes to answer this question because it requires a very
delicate balance. You simply cant lie and say you dont have one; you cant trick the interviewer
by offering up a personal weakness that is really a strength (Sometimes, I work too much and
dont maintain a work-life balance.); and you shouldnt be so honest that you throw yourself
under the bus (Im not a morning person so Im working on getting to the office on time.)
Think of a small flaw like I sometimes get sidetracked by small details, I am occasionally not
as patient as I should be with subordinates or co-workers who do not understand my ideas, or
I am still somewhat nervous and uncomfortable with my public-speaking skills and would like
to give more presentations and talk in front of others or in meetings. Add that you are aware of
the problem and you are doing your best to correct it by taking a course of action.

vi. Why should the we hire you as civil engineer position? This is the part where you link your skills,
experience, education and your personality to the job itself. This is why you need to be utterly
familiar with the job description as well as the company culture. Remember though, its best to
back them up with actual examples of say, how you are a good team player. It is possible that
you may not have as much skills, experience or qualifications as the other candidates. What
 then, will set you apart from the rest? Energy and passion might. People are attracted to
someone who is charismatic, who show immense amount of energy when they talk, and who
love what it is that they do. As you explain your compatibility with the job and company, be sure
to portray yourself as that motivated, confident and energetic person, ever- ready to commit to
the cause of the company.

vii. What do you know about our company? Follow these three easy research tips before your next
job interview: 1) Visit the company website; look in the about us section and careers
sections 2) Visit the companys LinkedIn page (note, you must have a LinkedIn account its free
to sign up) to view information about the company 3) Google a keyword search phrase like
press releases followed by the company name; youll find the most recent news stories shared
by the company Remember, just because you have done your homework, it does not mean
you need to share ALL of it during the interview! Reciting every fact youve learned is almost as
much of a turn off as not knowing anything at all! At a minimum, you should include the
following in your answer: 1.What type of product or service the company sells 2. How long the
company has been in business 3. What the company culture is like OR what the company
mission statement is, and how the culture and/or mission relate to your values or personality.

viii. Why do you want to work with us? More likely than not, the interviewer wishes to see how
much you know about the company culture, and whether you can identify with the
organizations values and vision. Every organization has its strong points, and these are the ones
that you should highlight in your answer. For example, if the company emphasizes on integrity
with customers, then you mention that you would like to be in such a team because you
yourself believe in integrity. It doesnt have to be a lie. In the case that your values are not in
line with the ones by the company, ask yourself if you would be happy working there. If you
have no issue with that, go ahead. But if you are aware of the company culture and realize that
there is some dilemma you might be facing, you ought to think twice. The best policy is to be
honest with yourself, and be honest with the interviewer with what is it in the company culture
that motivates you.

ix. Did the salary we offer attract you to this civil engineer job? The interviewer could be asking you
this question for a number of reasons. Obviously, the salary is an important factor to your
interest in this job, but it should not be the overriding reason for your interest. A good answer to
this question is, The salary was very attractive, but the job itself is what was most attractive to
me.

x. Do you have any questions to ask us? Never ask Salary, perks, leave, place of posting, etc.
regarded questions. Try to ask more about the company to show how early you can make a
contribution to your organization like Sir, with your kind permission I would like to know more
about induction and developmental programs? OR Sir, I would like to have my feedback, so
that I can analyze and improve my strengths and rectify my shortcomings.
Q-17: Degree of indeterminacy of truss= {(b + r) - 2j}
where,
b=number of bars
r=number of reaction
j=number of joint

Q-18: LOG ? ,

...

....THE END..