E-Business and

E-Commerce
AMTI - Antonius Rachmat C, S.Kom, M.Cs
 Tradisional vs Elektronik
Sulit promosi & akses pasar
Harus Face-to-face
Bersifat Paperwork
Biaya tinggi & Birokrasi
Prosedur manual
Pasar kurang kompetitif
Butuh pegawai banyak
Butuh lokasi fisik
Key: product, process, dan delivery
Akses pasar mudah
Penilaian independent
Negosiasi & penawaran
standard
Bersifat Paperless
Alur informasi transparan
Anywhere-anytime
Keamanan?
Bisa bersifat maya
 E-Business
E-Business merupakan kegiatan berbisnis di Internet yang
tidak saja meliputi pembelian, penjualan dan jasa, tapi juga
meliputi pelayanan pelanggan dan kerja sama dengan rekan
bisnis (baik individual maupun instansi).
E Business meliputi E-Commerce

EC can also be conducted via:

Private networks,
Local area networks (LANs)
Wide area networks (WANs) -> Internet
 E-Commerce
Penggunaan media elektronik untuk melakukan
perniagaan / perdagangan
Telepon, fax, ATM, handphone, SMS
Banking: ATM phone banking, internet banking
Secara khusus
Penggunaan Internet untuk melakukan perniagaan
Ada transaksi
E-Commerce Perdagangan:
Buy, sell, serving, transfer, exchange
E-Commerce dimulai sejak 1970-an
Pure EC (cth: e-book) vs Partial EC (cth: book)
 EC model newcomers
Blogers: blogspot, wordpress
Chemistry: match.com
Photo sharing: flickr.com
Video Broadcast: Youtube.com
Community: facebook dan friendster
Radio online: swaragama, yogyastreamers.com dll
Online encyclopedia: wikipedia.org
E-book sharing: swook.com, flazx.com
E-learning: ratemyprofessor.com, collegerecruting.com,
powerstudents.com
Job market: jobsdb.com
Travel Service: expedia.com
Iklan: Google AdSense & AdWord
Real Estate:rumahyogya.com
The Structure of E-Commerce
E-Commerce Business Model

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6-7

 E-Commerce Application
ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning)
sistem informasi pendukung e-business, yg
menyediakan berbagai macam kebutuhan
perusahaan seperti supply chain, CRM, marketing,
warehouse, shipping, dan payment, serta mampu
melakukan otomatisasi proses bisnis
CRM (Customer Relationship management)
sistem kustomisasi real time yang memanajemen
kustomer dan melakukan personalisasi produk dan
servis berdasarkan keinginan kustomer
 E-Business Application (lanjutan..)

EAI (Enterprise Application Integration)

merupakan konsep integrasi berbagai
proses bisnis dengan memperbolehkan
mereka saling bertukar data berbasis
message.
SCM (Supply Chain Management)
manajemen rantai supply secara otomatis
terkomputerisasi.
ERP
 Customer service step
Requirement: mengetahui kebutuhan customer, bs
didapat dari catalog / CD
Acquisition: membantu customer memilih produk,
termasuk order online, nego, dan delivery
Ownership: support kepemilikan produk dari
customer, dgn forum, FAQ, renewal, mailing list
Retirement: support ttg layanan purna jual, online
resale, lelang barang & classified add
CRM
 EAI system
integrating application
(contains the composition logic)

message broker, ex: CORBA, RMI

SmartQuotation database SmartForecasting e-mail XYZ

adapter adapter adapter adapter adapter

SmartQuotation DBMS SmartForecasting XYZ

applications
SCM
Sales Order
 Components of EC
People: Sellers, buyers, intermediaries, information systems
specialists and other employees, and any other participants
Public policy: Legal and other policy and regulating issues, such as
privacy protection and taxation
Marketing and advertising: Like any other business, EC usually
requires the support of marketing and advertising
Support services: Many services are needed to support EC. They
range from payments to order delivery and after sales services
Business partnerships: Joint ventures, e-marketplaces, and
partnerships are some frequently occurring relationships in e-
business
A framework for E-commerce

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6-17

 Kemampuan E-Commerce
OTOMATISASI, proses otomatisasi yang menggantikan proses
manual.(enerprise resource planning concept)
INTEGRASI, proses yang terintegrasi yang akan meningkatkan
efisiensi dan efektivitas proses. (just in time concept)
PUBLIKASI, memberikan jasa promosi dan komunikasi atas produk
dan jasa yang dipasarkan secara elektronik. (electronic cataloging
concept)
INTERAKSI, pertukaran data atau informasi antar berbagai pihak
yang akan meminimalkan human error (electronic data
interchange/EDI concept)
TRANSAKSI, kesepakatan antara 2 pihak untuk melakukan transaksi
yang melibatkan institusi lainnya (pihak ketiga) sebagai pihak yang
menangani pembayaran (electronic payment concept)
 Manfaat E-Commerce
Jenis bisnis baru
Bisa menjual tanpa modal besar
Market exposure, melebarkan jangkauan
Memperpendek waktu product cycle
Tidak perlu banyak tangan
Meningkatkan customer loyality
Mengurangi biaya produksi dan promosi
Mengurangi biaya inventory
 Manfaat EC
Mengurangi biaya komunikasi
Hampir tidak terlihat perbedaan antara perusahaan
besar dan kecil
Memudahkan konsumen memilih barang, 24 jam
nonstop
Mempercepat dan mempermudah transaksi,
anywhere
Memungkinkan barang dijual lebih murah
 Layanan E-Commerce Khas Indonesia
Contoh layanan khas Indonesia
Wartel & Warnet
SMS
Berganti-ganti handphone (lifestyle?)
Games, kuis
Peluang bisnis baru yang khas Indonesia
SMS/Mobile-based applications
nonton TV dengan chatting
Games, kuis
Sport (World Cup)
Jual Buku online (bukabuku.com, bukukita.com)
Star on TV (Indonesian Idol)
 Jenis E-Commerce
Business-to-Consumer (B2C)
Electronic storefronts/mall
Business-to-Business (B2B)
Google/Amazon
Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C)
Eceran / Lelang
Business-to-Employee (B2E)
Employee juga sebagai customer/supplier
E-Government
Layanan online pemerintah
M-Commerce
Electronic Catalogs
E-Auctions
E-Classifieds
Customization in E-Commerce
 Hambatan / Tantangan
Infrastruktur telekomunikasi yang masih terbatas dan mahal
Delivery channel
Pengiriman barang masih ditakutkan hilang di jalan.
Ketepatan waktu dalam pengiriman barang
Jangkauan daerah pengiriman barang
Kultur dan Kepercayaan (trust)
Security
Munculnya jenis kejahatan baru
Penggunaan kartu kredit curian / palsu
Penipuan melalui SMS, kuis
Ketidakjelasan hukum
Digital signature
Uang digital / cybermoney
Status hukum dari paper-less transaction
 Faktor-
Faktor-Faktor Penyebab Kegagalan
E-Business
Tidak ada komitmen yang utuh dari manajemen.
Penerapan e-business tidak diikuti proses change management.
Tidak profesionalnya vendor teknologi informasi yang menjadi mitra
bisnis
Buruknya infrastruktur komunikasi
Tidak selarasnya strategi TI dengan strategi perusahaan.
Adanya masalah keamanan dalam bertransaksi
Kurangnya dukungan finansial
Belum adanya peraturan yang mendukung dan melindungi pihak-pihak
yang bertransaksi (cyberlaw),
Menggunakan target jangka pendek sebagai pijakan investasi e-
business.
 Kiat Membangun E-
E-Business

Membenahi terlebih dahulu sistem pengelolaan sumber

daya perusahaan secara terpadu.
Membuat perencanaan investasi
teknologi secara mendetail dan komprehensif.
Menentukan arah investasi teknologi
untuk menjawab kebutuhan jangka panjang.
Membentuk struktur organisasi yang fleksibel dan adaptif
terhadap perubahan.
Melakukan kerjasama kondusif dengan berbagai mitra
bisnis (vendor, pemasok barang, lembaga keuangan, dan
lain sebagainya).
Sistem Pembayaran E-Commerce
Jenis E-Payment

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6-31

How e-credit cards work.

Copyright 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 6-32

 Auctions and Bartering
The major mechanism for buying and selling on the
Internet is the electronic catalog.

There are two common mechanisms used in its

implementation: electronic auctions and bartering online

Electronic Auctions (e-Auctions): A market mechanism by

which sellers place offers and buyers make sequential bids
Forward auctions are auctions where sellers place items at
sites for auction and buyers bid continuously for the items.
Reverse auctions, have one buyer, usually an organization,
that wants to buy a product or a service. Suppliers are
invited to submit bids.
Perangkat Internet Mobile
 Mobile Commerce: Overview

Mobile commerce (m-Commerce,

m-Business)any e-Commerce done in a
wireless environment, especially via the
Internet
Can be done via the Internet, private
communication lines, smart cards, etc.
Creates opportunity to deliver new services to
existing customers and to attract new ones
 Contoh M-commerce
Pembayaran tagihan melalui mobile phones
Pengenalan suara melalui mobile phones untuk
membeli karcis bioskop
Pembelian tiket pesawat melalui mobile phones
SMS informasi kuliah
Pembayaran uang kuliah
Transfer dana melalui mobile phone
Informasi kurs dan saham
Daily motivation, news
 m-Commerce Terminology

Generations
1G: 1979-1992 wireless technology
2G: current wireless technology; mainly
accommodates text
2.5G: interim technology accommodates graphics
3G: 3rd generation technology (2001-2005) supports
rich media (video clips)
4G: will provide faster multimedia display (2006-2010)
 Terminology and Standards
GPS: Satellite-based Global Positioning System
PDA: Personal Digital Assistanthandheld wireless
computer
SMS: Short Message Service
EMS: Enhanced Messaging Service
MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service
WAP: Wireless Application Protocol
SmartphonesInternet-enabled cell phones with
attached applications
 Tantangan m-commerce
Security, protocol, standards
Usability user interface
Heterogeneous Technologies
Platform, programming language, databases, etc
Business Model Issues
 Usability Approaches
Graffiti (Scaled-down handwriting recognition, Palm
devices)
T9 Text Input (Word completion, most cell phones)
Full alphanumeric keypad & scrollbar (Blackberry)
Restricted VoiceXML grammars for better voice
recognition
Careful task-based Graphical User Interface & Dialog
Design
 Limitations of m-Commerce

Usability Problem
small size of mobile devices (screens,
keyboards, etc)
limited storage capacity of devices
hard to browse sites
Technical Limitations
lack of a standardized security protocol
insufficient bandwidth
Limiting technological factors

Networks Mobile Middleware Localisation

Bandwidth Standards Upgrade of Network
Interoperability Distribution Upgrade of Mobile
Cell Range Devices
Roaming Precision

Security Mobile
Mobile Device Devices
Network Battery
Gateway Memory
CPU
Display Size
 Di belakang Layar EC & MC
Teknologi Client Server
Three tier layer (+ web)
Teknologi Web Database (Database Layer)
Oracle, MySQL, SQL server, Postgres
Teknologi Middleware
CORBA, RMI, JDBC, RPC, Web Service
 Application Layer Technologies
Micro-browser based:
WAP/WML, HDML: Openwave
iMode (HTML): NTT DoCoMo
Web Clipping: Palm.net
XHTML: W3C
Voice-browser based:
VoiceXML: W3C
Client-side:
J2ME: Java 2 Micro Edition (Sun)
WMLScript: Openwave
Messaging:
SMS: Part of GSM Spec.
 NEXT
Mobile, wireless, and pervasive computing