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3
ABSTRACT

The incitement of employees is one of the most important topics of interest to businesses and
organizations, especially in our days, under the threat of financial crisis. The main reason is
the understanding of the importance of human resources for the organization and the need to
provide incentives with a view to maximizing the efficiency of staff.
This thesis aims to study the phenomenon of incitement, and in particular to identify the
factors that motivate employees under the present economic conditions. The theories of
motivation are analyzed in order to understand better the theoretical underpinnings and a
survey was conducted to examine the motivation at the National Centre for public
Administration and Local Government.
The method used for the research was quantitative, primary research using structured
questionnaire, prepared by the researcher and listed in the annex. The questionnaire was
completed by 60 employees and explores the various dimensions of motivation and the
impact on the overall satisfaction of employees and the impact of demographic factors, such
as your gender, age, marital status, educational level in each of the individual dimensions of
motivation and motivational techniques. The survey was conducted in August 2011.
The research revealed that the employees of the agency are quite satisfied by the incentives
offered by the institution and believe that during a period of economic crisis incentives need
not necessarily be economical. Of major importance appears to be education and evaluation
for the employees. Also, demographics, such as educational level and gender seems to have a
significant effect in the motivational process.

Key words: motivation, motivational theories, motivational techniques, Public Sector,

economical crisis.

.... =
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OPEC = Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries

.............................................................................................................................. 3

ABSTRACT .............................................................................................................................. 4

............................................................................................................................... 8

......................................................................................................... 10

1 ........................................................................................................................ 10

........................................................ 10

1.1. .................................................................................................. 10
1.2. ............................................................................................. 10
1.3. ..................................................................... 11
1.4. .................................................. 12
1.5. ....................................................................................... 13
1.7. .......................................................................................... 16
1.8. .................................................................................... 18
2 ........................................................................................................................ 20

................................................................................................ 20

2.1. ..................................................................................... 20
2.1.1. H - A.H.Maslow ....................................... 21
2.1.2. ................................ 23
(E.R.G) - C.D. Alderfer ................................................................................. 23
2.1.3. F. Herzberg ..................................................... 23
2.1.4. D.Mc Clelland .......................................... 25
2.2. ........................................................................................... 26
2.2.1. V.Vroom ................................................................. 27
2.2.2. To W.Porter E. Lawler ....................................... 28
2.2.3. J.Adams ........................................................................ 29
2.2.4. E.Locke ............................................... 30
2.3. Douglas Mc Gregor..................................................................... 31
3 ........................................................................................................................ 32

................................................................... 32

3.1. H .................................................... 32
3.2. .................................................................. 33
3.3. . 34
3.4. ....................... 38
3.5. ............................................... 40
3.6. .............................................................. 41
3.7. ...................... 42

6
 3.8. ..................... 43
4 ........................................................................................................................ 45

............................................................................................. 45

4.1. .................................................................... 45
4.2 ............................................................... 45
4.3. .............................................................................................. 46
4.4. ..................................... 46
4.5. ................................................................................................ 47
4.6. ................................................................................................ 48
4.7. - ................................................................................ 48
4.8. .......................................................................................... 49
4.9. .......................................................................... 50
4.10. ......................................................... 51
5 ........................................................................................................................ 55

................................................................................. 55

5.1. ....................................................................................................... 55
5.2. ................................................................ 55
5.3. ......................................................................... 56
5.4. .............................................................................. 58
5.5. .............................................................................................................................. 59
5.6. ..................................................................................................................... 59
5.7. . ........................................................... 60
................................................................................................. 62

6 ........................................................................................................................ 62

................................................................................................................... 62

6.1. .......................................................................................... 62
6.2. ....................................................................................................................... 62
6.3. .......................................................................................... 63
6.4. ................................................................................................. 64
7 ........................................................................................................................ 72

- ............................................................ 72

7.1. ............................................................................................................... 72
7.2. .................................................................................................... 73
............................................................................................... 76

.................................................................................................................... 78

........................................................................................................................ 83

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McMillan Co. 1970

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16
motivation
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30
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75


1. F.Carvell, Human Relations in Business, ............. 16

McMillan Co. 1970 .................................................................................................................. 16
2. Herzberg ............................................. 25
3 : ........................ 66
4: ................................................ 67
5 : ....................................................... 68
6 : ........................................................................... 69

1. R.L. Daft (2009) ......................... 18

2. Maslow............................................................................ 21
3. .............................................................. 35
4. ............................................................. 35
5. .......................................................................................... 36
4. ................................. 36
7 :: ., 2006 ....................................................................................... 52
8: ........................................................................................ 56

1: .................................................................................. 64
2: .................................................................... 65
3: ............................................................................................. 65

76


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: .University Studio Press
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extended public sestor in Greece, Employee Relations, :
University Studio Press
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78
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82


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90



Pears
on
1 -.079 .007 -.346(**) .040 .126 .128
Corre
lation
Sig.
(2-
.547 .960 .007 .761 .337 .329
tailed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on
-.079 1 .427(**) -.186 -.306(*) .281(*) .179
Corre
lation
Sig.
(2-
.547 .001 .155 .018 .030 .172
tailed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on
.007 .427(**) 1 .180 -.205 .053 .319(*)
Corre
lation
Sig.
(2-
.960 .001 .169 .116 .685 .013
tailed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on
-.346(**) -.186 .180 1 .418(**) .198 -.307(*)
Corre
lation
Sig.
(2-
.007 .155 .169 .001 .130 .017
tailed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on
.040 -.306(*) -.205 .418(**) 1 .181 -.227
Corre
lation
Sig.
(2-
.761 .018 .116 .001 .166 .081
tailed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on
.126 .281(*) .053 .198 .181 1 .092
Corre
lation
Sig.
(2-
.337 .030 .685 .130 .166 .485
tailed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on
.128 .179 .319(*) -.307(*) -.227 .092 1
Corre
lation
Sig.
(2- .329 .172 .013 .017 .081 .485
tailed

91
 )
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

1: -

-


Pea
rso
n
1 -.199 -.112 .248 -.099 -.169 -.042 -.079 -.048
Cor
rela
tion
Sig.
(2-
.128 .394 .056 .454 .197 .750 .546 .714
tail
ed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pea
rso
n .337(**
-.199 1 .659(**) .088 .176 .156 -.034 .496(**)
Cor )
rela
tion
Sig.
(2-
.128 .000 .506 .179 .234 .008 .797 .000
tail
ed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pea
rso
n
-.112 .659(**) 1 .414(**) .281(*) .206 .295(*) .189 .373(**)
Cor
rela
tion
Sig.
(2-
.394 .000 .001 .029 .114 .022 .148 .003
tail
ed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pea
- rso
n
.248 .088 .414(**) 1 .429(**) .118 .056 .145 .033
Cor
rela
tion
Sig.
(2-
.056 .506 .001 .001 .371 .669 .269 .804
tail
ed)

92
 N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pea
rso
n .482(** .445(**
-.099 .176 .281(*) .429(**) 1 .377(**) .261(*)
Cor ) )
rela
tion
Sig.
(2-
.454 .179 .029 .001 .000 .000 .003 .044
tail
ed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pea
rso
n .464(**
-.169 .156 .206 .118 .482(**) 1 .443(**) .281(*)
Cor )
rela
tion
Sig.
(2-
.197 .234 .114 .371 .000 .000 .000 .029
tail
ed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pea
rso
n .464(**
-.042 .337(**) .295(*) .056 .445(**) 1 .325(*) .556(**)
Cor )
rela
tion
Sig.
(2-
.750 .008 .022 .669 .000 .000 .011 .000
tail
ed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pea
rso
n .443(**
-.079 -.034 .189 .145 .377(**) .325(*) 1 .064
Cor )
rela
tion
Sig.
(2-
.546 .797 .148 .269 .003 .000 .011 .629
tail
ed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pea
rso
n .556(**
-.048 .496(**) .373(**) .033 .261(*) .281(*) .064 1
Cor )
rela
tion
Sig.
(2-
.714 .000 .003 .804 .044 .029 .000 .629
tail
ed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

2: -

93






-


Pears
on
1 .072 -.129 -.043 -.090 -.281 .043 .151 -.165
Correl
ation
Sig.
(2- .683 .461 .805 .608 .102 .807 .388 .343
tailed)
N 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35
Pears
on .337(* .496(**
.072 1 .659(**) .088 .176 .156 -.034
Correl *) )
ation
Sig.
(2- .683 .000 .506 .179 .234 .008 .797 .000
tailed)
N 35 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on .659(** .295(* .373(**
-.129 1 .414(**) .281(*) .206 .189
Correl ) ) )
ation
Sig.
(2- .461 .000 .001 .029 .114 .022 .148 .003
tailed)
N 35 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on
-.043 .088 .414(**) 1 .429(**) .118 .056 .145 .033
Correl
ation
Sig.
(2- .805 .506 .001 .001 .371 .669 .269 .804
tailed)
N 35 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on .482(* .445(* .377(**
-.090 .176 .281(*) .429(**) 1 .261(*)
Correl *) *) )
ation
Sig.
(2- .608 .179 .029 .001 .000 .000 .003 .044
tailed)
N 35 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on .464(* .443(**
-.281 .156 .206 .118 .482(**) 1 .281(*)
Correl *) )
ation
Sig.
(2- .102 .234 .114 .371 .000 .000 .000 .029
tailed)
N 35 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on .337(** .464(* .556(**
.043 .295(*) .056 .445(**) 1 .325(*)
Correl ) *) )
ation
Sig.
(2- .807 .008 .022 .669 .000 .000 .011 .000
tailed)
N 35 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

94
 Pears
on .443(* .325(*
.151 -.034 .189 .145 .377(**) 1 .064
Correl *) )
ation
Sig.
(2- .388 .797 .148 .269 .003 .000 .011 .629
tailed)
N 35 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pears
on .496(** .281(* .556(*
-.165 .373(**) .033 .261(*) .064 1
Correl ) ) *)
ation
Sig.
(2- .343 .000 .003 .804 .044 .029 .000 .629
tailed)
N 35 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

3: .

Pearson
Correlati 1 .107 -.062 -.170 -.091 .162 .008
on
Sig. (2-
.415 .636 .195 .491 .215 .949
tailed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pearson
Correlati .107 1 .645(**) .321(*) .460(**) .399(**) .374(**)
on
Sig. (2-
.415 .000 .012 .000 .002 .003
tailed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pearson
.370(**
Correlati -.062 .645(**) 1 .569(**) .564(**) .638(**)
)
on
Sig. (2-
.636 .000 .004 .000 .000 .000
tailed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pearson
Correlati -.170 .321(*) .370(**) 1 .368(**) .386(**) .332(**)
on
Sig. (2-
.195 .012 .004 .004 .002 .010
tailed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pearson
.368(**
Correlati -.091 .460(**) .569(**) 1 .634(**) .684(**)
)
on
Sig. (2-
.491 .000 .000 .004 .000 .000
tailed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pearson .386(**
.162 .399(**) .564(**) .634(**) 1 .729(**)
Correlati )

95
 on
Sig. (2-
.215 .002 .000 .002 .000 .000
tailed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pearson
Correlati .332(**
.008 .374(**) .638(**) .684(**) .729(**) 1
on )

Sig. (2-
.949 .003 .000 .010 .000 .000
tailed)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

4: -

;
Pearson Correlation 1 .271(*)
Sig. (2-tailed) .036
N 60 60
Pearson Correlation .271(*) 1
Sig. (2-tailed)
.036
;
N
60 60

* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

5: -

;
Pearson Correlation 1 -.589(**) -.151
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .249
N 60 60 60
Pearson Correlation -.589(**) 1 .028
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .832
N 60 60 60
Pearson Correlation
-.151 .028 1
;
Sig. (2-tailed) .249 .832
N
60 60 60

96
 6 :

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Pe
ar
so
-
n - .454(
1 .009 .098 .159 -.119 -.096 .003 -.264(*) .387(**
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)
rre
lati
on
Si
g.
(2-
.947 .456 .225 .363 .464 .005 .983 .042 .002 .000
tail
ed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pe
ar
so
n
Co
rre .317(* .419( .631(* .280(*
.009 1 .011 .317(*) .353(**) .142 .010
lati ) **) *) )
on

Si
g.
(2-
.947 .014 .933 .001 .000 .014 .030 .006 .280 .937
tail
ed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pe
ar
so .405(*
.098 .317(*) 1 .029 .222 .027 .240 .145 .311(*) .093
n *)
Co
rre

97
 lati
on

Si
g.
(2-
.456 .014 .001 .828 .089 .837 .065 .270 .016 .481
tail
ed
)
N

60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60

Pe
ar
so
n
Co
.405(*
rre .159 .011 1 .014 -.040 .171 -.003 .172 .327(*) .102
*)
lati
, on

Si
g.
(2-
.225 .933 .001 .914 .763 .192 .979 .190 .011 .439
tail
ed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pe
ar
so
n .419(** .520(* .320(* .342(**
-.119 .029 .014 1 .378(**) .371(**) .125
Co ) *) ) )
rre
lati
on
Si
g.
(2-
.363 .001 .828 .914 .000 .003 .013 .003 .008 .343
tail
ed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pe
ar
so
n
Co
.631(** .520(
rre -.096 .222 -.040 1 .378(**) .180 .287(*) .290(*) .106
) **)
- lati
on

Si
g.
(2-
.464 .000 .089 .763 .000 .003 .168 .026 .025 .420
tail
ed
)

98
 N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pe
ar
so
n .378( .378(* .361(* .360(**
-.357(**) .317(*) .027 .171 1 .316(*) -.005
Co **) *) *) )
rre
lati
on
Si
g.
(2-
.005 .014 .837 .192 .003 .003 .005 .014 .005 .969
tail
ed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pe
ar
so
n
Co .320(
.003 .280(*) .240 -.003 .180 .361(**) 1 .186 .123 .172
rre *)
lati
on

Si
g.
(2-
.983 .030 .065 .979 .013 .168 .005 .156 .351 .188
tail
ed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pe
ar
so
n
Co
rre .353(** .371( .287(* .586(**
-.264(*) .145 .172 .316(*) .186 1 -.234
lati ) **) ) )
on

Si
g.
(2-
.042 .006 .270 .190 .003 .026 .014 .156 .000 .072
tail
ed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pe
, ar
so
n
Co
rre
lati .311(* .342( .290(*
-.387(**) .142 .327(*) .360(**) .123 .586(**) 1 -.083
on ) **) )

99


Si
g.
(2-
.002 .280 .016 .011 .008 .025 .005 .351 .000 .527
tail
ed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
Pe
ar
so
n
.454(**) .010 .093 .102 .125 .106 -.005 .172 -.234 -.083 1
Co
rre
lati
on
Si
g.
(2-
.000 .937 .481 .439 .343 .420 .969 .188 .072 .527
tail
ed
)
N 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60 60
** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
* Correlation is significant at the 0.05 level (2-tailed).

7 :

Morfwtiko
epipedo ;
Pearson Correlation 1 -.372(**)
Sig. (2-tailed) .003
N 60 60
Pearson Correlation -.372(**) 1
Sig. (2-tailed)

.003


N
; 60 60

** Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).

8 :

100