10.2-V. Bulatov and I. Oref [Znt. J. Chem. Kinev., 25, 1019-1027 (1993)] investigated the kinetics of the dimerization of rrans- hexatriene in toluene solution. They indicate that a simplified form of the reaction network can be written as where H refers to rrans-1,3,5-hexatriene and A, B, and C refer to the three dimers that can be formed. Each of the reactions indicated is second order in species H. These researchers have reported the following expressions for the rate constants: 1) = 3.98 x 107 4S/T ky = 3.98 x 1076 A/T ky = 2.51 x 10% ONT for kin M-'/s and T in K. (a) If the reactions indicated occur isothermally, at what temperature should a batch reactor be operated to maximize the yield of species B? What is the maximum yield? You may assume that it will be possible to exert sufficient pressure on the reaction mixture to maintain a liquid phase. You should employ the definition of the yield based on the amount of species H that reacts. (b) Tf one desired to carry out the reactions indicated in a tubular reactor, what space time will be required to achieve 98% conversion of species H if the reactor is to operate isothermally under conditions that maximize the yield of species B? The feed concentration of species H is 1.5 M. What are the concentrations of species A. B. C, and H in the effluent from this reactor? What is the yield of species B? (c) Now consider the possibility of carrying out the reaction in a single CSTR operating at the temperature that max- imizes the yield of species B. What space time will give 98% conversion of species H? What are the correspond- ing effluent concentrations of species A, B, C, and H? How does the yield of species B compare to that obtained in the PFR?10.13 Consider the cascade of two nonidentical CSTRs and asso- ciated heat exchangers shown in Figure P10.13. In parti ular, consider the problem of steady-state operation of this cascade in an autothermal mode in which the feed stream flows in countercurrent fashion through heat exchangers in each reactor so as to be heated to a temperature at which the reaction becomes self-sustaining. The areas of the heat exchangers in the two reactors differ appreciably. The overall rate of heat transfer to the contents of a particular reactor is described by a relation of the form Q= UAAT where the appropriate temperature difference is a logarithmic mean temperature difference between the temperature of the fluid flowing through a particular heat exchanger and the temperature of the contents of the corresponding reactor. The reaction A +B — C is characterized by a mixed second-order rate expression r = kC,Cp and a standard heat of reaction of —80.0 kI/mol. The feed stream is a liquid with a density of 0.8 kg/L and a heat capacity of 3.6 J/(g-°C). The flow rate of the feed stream is 4000 L/h. The concen- trations of species A and B in the feed stream are 2.0 and 2.5 M, respectively. The feed stream enters heat exchanger 2 (HE2) at 20°C and leaves this exchanger at 40°C. The effiuent from HE2 flows through a well-insulated line to the heat exchanger in reactor | (HE1) and leaves this exchanger at 60°C. The temperature of the reaction mixture leaving the first reactor is 70°C. The rate constant & is given by the expression k= 1.307 x 1072 e-(150.000/R7) for kin M7! /h7!. R in J/Gmol-K), and T in K. (@) Determine the requisite size of cach and the conversion leaving the first rea (b) Determine the temperature at which the reaction mixture leaves the second reactor if the specified value for the overall conversion in the cascade is 95%.Effiuent from HE1 and Feed to reactor 2 Feed to reactor 1 ; Product stream Reactor 1 and Exchanger 1 Reactor 2 and Exchanger 2 Feed to HE2 Effluent from HE2 and Feed to HE1 (c) Ifthe overall heat wansfer coefficients in each reactor are the same, and if 10 m? of heat transfer area are provided in the first reactor, what is the area required for the heat exchanger in the second reactor?10.14 Consider a reactor network consisting of two identical fe) If CSTRs operating in a cascade configuration. The feed stream consists of reactant A dissolved in an inert liquid. Species A may react according to the reaction scheme: ky ky ASVSW a ASX where each of the reactions indicated is first-order. Consider first the general case in which each reactor will operate at a different temperature, {a) Derive general equations for the concentrations of species A, V, W, and X leaving each reactor in terms of the space time for a single reactor t. Express your answers in terms of Cag. kL, AE. EL, aM and, t. The superscripts on the rate constants indicate the temperature at which they are evaluated (I for that of reactor 1 and II for reactor 2). {b) The temperature at which the effluent leaves the first reactor is 150°C. Atthis temperature, k! = 0.023 min ~!, 4 = 0.014 min" |, and k= 0.006 min” |. If the first reac- tor is operated adiabatically, determine the standard heat of reaction for the second reaction. In addition, deter mine the amount of heat removed (or added) in the sec- ond reactor if the temperatures of the feed to and the effluent from this reactor are both 150°C. If species V is the desired product, what do you recommend? the cooling capacity of the second reactor is increased so that the effluent from the second CSTR is now at 140°C, the rate constants at this temperature become ki = 0.020min7!. kY = 0.007 min7!, and kL = 0.003 min“!. If the feed to the second CSTR remains at 150°C, determine the new effluent composition and the new heat transfer requirements. Comment.10.10 The liquid-phase reaction A > B is to be carried out in a tubular reactor operating at a constant pressure of 202.6 kPa. The feed rate is 600 kmol/ks of pure A with an inlet temperature of 200°C, Pure A has a specilic volume of 0,056 m*/kmol, The heat of reaction at 200°C is - 15 kI/mol. The molar specific heats of A and B are both 42 Jmol-K). The reaction rate constant near this temperature can be approximated by k= 110 +0.8(7 - 200) for k in ks“! and T in °C. Although it would be desirable torun the reactor adiabatically, the maximum reaction tem- perature allowable is 400°C. Above this temperature unde- sirable byproducts are formed. Calculate the minimum reac- tor volume required to obtain 80% conversion of A. What must the heat transfer rate be in the cooled section of the reactor? +— Adiabatic--—ofe-—-—- Cooling = 400°C maximum 400 D=Sem ¥ (80% conversion)