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    Surge Control PDF

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    MBE satan. Surge Control in _ Pumping Stations I Val-Matic Valve and Manufacturing Corporation ( This primer presents basic surge control principles and the | functions of various valves associated with pumping stations, i ‘ater pipelines and dis- DISTRIBUTION | wie eens oe para sbeeet age \ almose dally which over time Gi ue damage equipnene and the pipeline iselh. Sura ate i caused by sudden changes in Buid RESERVOIR | velocity and can be as minor as be afew BSI to five dimes the sta pressure, The causes and effects of these surges in pumping sys- tems will be discussed, along with equipment chat is designed . to prevent and dissipate surges. Reference will be made to typical installations and examples so chat an understanding of the applicable constraints can be gine. cay TES 2 Musas & pi | CHECK VALVE i ‘water pumping/distibution system where wo parallel pumps eee ddraw water from a wer well, chen | pump the water chrough check fn buy vals ina pup ty header and distibucion system A surge tank and relief valve are shown as possible equipment on the pump header to relieve and | PUN prevet srps. Each of thae wil |, ees Bry Causes and Effects Sanger are caused. by sudden \ changes in flow velocity that WET WELL result fiom common causes such 2s rapid valve closure, pump sta and stops, and improper filling SURGE TANK PUMP HEADER, BUTTERFLY VALVE RELIEF VALVE Figure 4.4 typical puniping/distbation system, 38 MARCH 2007 ‘www pump-zone.com PUMPS & SYSTEMS: practices. Pipelines often see cheir fist surge ducing filling, when the air being expelled from a pipeline rapidly escapes through @ manual vent or a throttled valve followed by the Being many times denser than at, water follows the ai co the ourler at a high velocity, but its velocity is restricted by the ‘ourler, thereby causing a surge. Itis imperative thatthe filling low rate be carefully conuolled and the air vented through properly sized automatic air valves. Similarly, line valves must be closed and opened slowly to prevent rapid changes in flow ‘The operation of pumps and sudden stoppage of pumps ‘due to power failures probably have the most frequent impact fon the system and the greatest potential to cause signifieanc surges. Ifthe pumping system is not controlled or protected, contamination and damage t0 equipment and che pipeline itself can be serious. “The effects of surges can be as minor as loosening of pipe joints to as severe as damage to pumps, valves, and concrete structures, Damaged pipe joints and vacuum conditions can cause contamination 1o the system from groundwater and backflow situations, Uncontrolled surges can be catastrophic 2s, wel. Line breaks can cause flooding and line shifting can cause damage to supports and even concrete piers and vaults. Losses can be in the millions of dollars, so ic is essential thac surges be ‘understood and controlled with the proper equipment. Surge Background Some of the basic equations of surge theory will be presented, so an understanding of surge control equipment can be gained. Firs, the surge pressure (H) resulting from an instantaneous flow stoppage is direc proportional wo the change in velocicy and can be calculated as follows: H=av/g where: H = surge pressure, ft water column a= speed of pressure wave, ft/s v= change in flow velocity, ft/s g = gravity, 32.2 ft/s? The speed of the pressure wave (a) varies with the fluid, pipe size, and pipe material. For a medium sized steel line, ic has a value of about 3500-fi/s. For PVC pipes, che speed wil be far less. For 2 12-in ste! line with water fowing at 6-fls, the magnitude of a surge from an instantaneous flow stoppage H = (8500 ft/s)(6 ft/s} / (82 ft/s") H = 656 ft water column This surge pressure of 656-f: (285-psi) is in addition co the static line pressure: therefore, the resultant pressure will likely exceed the pressure rating of the system. Furthes, this high pressure will be maincained for several seconds as che wave reflec from one end of the piping system to the other end, causing over pressurization of pipe seals and fiings. Then afer @ reflection, the pressure wave may cause a negative pes- sure and vacuurn pockers for several seconds, allowing con- taminated ground water to be drawn into the system through seals or connections. Byen higher velocities than the pumping velocity are avainable in long piping systems. Ifthe pumps are suddenly stopped due to a power failure, che kinetic energy ofthe water combined wich the low inertia of che pump may cause a sepe- ration in the water column at the pump or at a highpoine in the pipeline. When the columns of water eturn via the static head of the line, the reverse velocity can exceed the normal velocity. The resultant surge pressure can be even higher than the 656-fe calculated above. Transient analysis computer programs are normally ‘employed to predict column separation and the actual reurn velocities and surges. Transient programs can also model meth- ods employed to contol column separation, such as the use of ‘a surge tank, vacuum breaker, oF ait valve. These solusions will be discussed in greater decal ‘Thus fa, che changes in velocity have been described as “sudden.” How sudden must changes in velocity be to cause ssrges? Ifthe velocity change is made wichin the time period, the pressure wave will ravel the length of the-pipeline and recur, the change in velocity can be considered instantaneous, and the equation for surge pressure (S) given earlier applies. This time petiod, often called the critical period, can be ealeu- lated by the equation: ts2L/a where: t= critical period, sec L = length of the pipe, ft a = speed of the pressure wave, ft/s For the earlier example ofthe 12-in line, the critical period ‘would be as Follows for a 4-mi long steel pipeline: t= 2 (21,120 fi) / (8500 ft/sec) t=12sec To cause surges, a pump does not need to stop quickly nor does the valve need to close instantaneously (or even sud- denly}. A norinal fow stoppage of 5 or 10 seconds may cause the maximum surge in long pumping systems. I follows chat PUMPS & SYSTEMS ‘wa pump-z0ne com MARCH 2007 39 sa aio IE i steno nenon surge control sae egies should be WELL SERVICE AIR VALVE employed on all long \ pipelines Sa So Pumps WELL PUMP: ad ANTI SLAM DEVICE Bees Reta SHUT OFF VALVE controlling surges in / pumping systems is to control the rate of| incresseand decrease of the flow veloc ity into che system. Pumps should be sized for the expected flow requirements Multiple purnps can bbe used co match varying demands for water, Oversized pumps can’ create havoc in cercain pumping systems. Special pump motor concrol systems are available to slowly ramp up and camp down the pumps by controlling the L lectrcal drive of the pump. These systems con- ‘rol supply and can prevent surges during normal | DUAL PORT | pump operon, However, afer « power fdiure | THROTTLING the motor controls become inoperative and the ‘pomp will tip instandy and eause a sudden stop~ age of ow. ‘Some pump station designs employ multiple pumps so that when one of the pumps is started or stopped, the sopped pump has a minor impact con the overall pipeline velocity. However these sa- tions are likewise faced with the severe impact of 4 power failure. Almost all pumping systems need additional suzge equipment to prevent surges after PIPELINE DISCHARGE PIPE 2 power flare. Vertical Pumps and Well Service i OPTIONAL Air Valves Ny SCREEN Vertical pumps, 2s shown in Figure 2, lift water from a tank or wet well inco a pipeline. When the pump is off, the sucion water level is below the | SUIDE = pump discharge pipe. The pump column refills ‘with air after ech pump stoppage. Ar valves play an important roe in automai- cally vensing the pump column air and conttol- ling surges in pump columns. If che vertical tur- bine pump is started withour an aie valve, the air in the pump column would be pressurized and 40 mance 2007 \werw.pump-zone.com PUMPS & SYSTEMS VR oe cretion venion forced chrough the check valve into the pipeline, causing ar related prob- Jems, Air valves for pump discharge service, called well service air vales, ORIFICE are similar to air/vacuum valves but OUTLET ‘ae equipped with either a thror dling device or ancislam device, and ae designed co exhaust air on pump seartup and admit air upon pump shutdown. ‘As shown in Figure 3, che well service air valve is 2 normally-open, oac-operated valve which relieves the air in the pump column rapidly. ‘When water envets the valve, the floac auromaticaly rises and closes to prevent discharge of the water. Throrting devices are provided fon the outer of 3-in and smaller valves to contol the rate of ir release, especially with slow opening pump control valves. The throcling device is adjusted with the external serev 0 slow the rise of the water in the pump column, However, afer | pump shucdown, 2 second port on the top of the throttling device pro- [+ vides full flow into the pump colurnn to relieve the vacuum. The dual port shroeling device is important because ie proyides full vacuum flow and pre- vents contaminated water from being drawn into the pipeline, which can happen if the device has a common cxhause and vacuura connection, ‘When a power operated pump control valve is used with a vertical pump, an air release salve equipped ‘with a ucwum breaker can be used, as shown in Figure 4. In this case, the pump is started and the opening of the control valve delayed a few seconds so that the air release valve can expel the air lowly through is small orifice. During the process, the pump column will become pres- surized to the pump shutoff head and force the ar out at high presiure. The momentarily tapped air wll act asa cushion co ‘control che rise of the water in the pump column. The valve orifice is sized to conto the rise ofthe water toa safe velocity, typically 2-ils VACUUM. BREAKER SEAT LINKAGE, ASSEMBLY Check Valves Another key element in pumping system design isthe proper selection and operation of the pump discharge check valve Every pump station designer has been faced with check valve slam, which ie eaused by the sudden stoppage of reverse ow 42 MARCH 2007 wow pump zone com PUMPS & SYSTEMS | | | | | | j | i through a dosing check valve To prevent slam, the check valve must either close very quickly or very slowly. Anything in the middle is no-man’s land and a cause for concern. But just as important, the valve should protece the pumping systema and piping from sudden changes in velocity ificis within its functional capabilities. The check valve should also be reliable and offer low headloss. ‘Two categories of check valves will be discussed in detail. ‘The first, farrcloring check valves, represent the general cate- gory of check valves chat operate automaticaly in less than a second and without the use of external power or signals from the pumping systern. The other category is pump control vale, Which operate very slowly (i.e. 60 co 300 seconds) co carefully control the changes in pipeline uid velociy. Fast-Closing Check Valves Fast-closing check valves are simple, automatic, and cost effec- tive, but are often plagued with the problem of check valve slam and a resultant system pressure surge. Ifthe deceleration of the forward low can be estimated, such as with a transient analysis of the pumping system, the slamming potential of various check valves can be predicted. Then, several non-slam valve options will present themselves, and the performance features and costs can be used to select the best check valve for she application ‘The most ubiquitous type of check valve isthe traditional swing check valve. Swing check valves are defined in AWWA (C508 for waterworks service and are designed to rapidly close to prevent backspinning of the pump during flow reversal Traditional swing check valves have 90-deg seats with long strokes and are subject ro slamming. These valves are cherefore outfitted wich a wide array of accessories, which are beyond the scope of the AWWA C508 Standard. Probably the most common accessory is a deer and weight. While ic is normally assumed that the weight makes the valve close faster, ie accu- ally reduces slamming by limiting the stroke of the disc, bur in recur, causes a significant increase in headloss. The valve closure sao slowed by che inertia ofthe weight itself and the fiction ofthe stem packing. In more severe applications, an air ewhion is sometimes used to slow down the impact of the valve closure. Everyone hhas seen how effective an air cushion works on a slamming storm door. But the conditions in a pipeline are significantly different. ‘When 2 door slams, its momentum is smoothly absorbed by the air cylinder because asthe door slows, the forces from the closing spring and outside wind become less and less ‘Conversely, when a check valve in a pipeline closes, the reverse ow is quickening ata tremendous fate, 0 every fraction of second that the valve closure is delayed, the forces on the disc will increase by an order of magnitude. ‘While it may be true that an air cushion prevents che ‘weight from slamming the disc into the seat of a valve in a product display booth, in actual practice, the air cushion merely holds the disc open long enough for the reverse flow to ineensify and slam the disc even harder into the seat. Since air cushions are based on the use of air (which is compress- ible), they provide no positive resuaine ofthe closing disc and ‘annot counteract the enormous forces being exerted by the reverse flow. In sum, the best secing of an air cushion is typi- cally where the discharge needle valve is fully open and the air is expelled atthe highest rate ‘A far more effective accessory for controlling swing check valve motion isan oil eusbion, also referred to as an ol dashpot. Because oil is incompressible, the oil cushion will withstand the high forces exerted on che disc by the reverse flow and properly control the last 10 percent of valve closure, The pump :must be capable of some significant backflow, though, because the oil dashpor will allow the check valve to pass a portion of the flow back through the pump. Since the reverse flow forces on the valve disc areexccemely high, the oil pressure often exceeds 2000-psig, causing valves PUMPS & SYSTEMS \wnw.pump-z0ne,com MARCH 2007 43 ain crass i METERS / SECOND® rrocy SFC, / SWING ppcv | a i = a La 4 ie m < sagas) 2B a - 10 A 8 Sev g Sos 8 s 3 UT 8 = 06 I 3 g a 04 +A 02 2 4 9 10 20 30 40 50 60 i ‘vith these devices vo be costly. The high-pressure oileyinderis to pass on both sides of the dis, This valve has reliable mecal expensive and because it puss the valve sem under high loeds, seats and can be equipped with wop or bortom mounted oil special check valve is often needed. Because pumps can only dashpots to provide elective means of valve control and surge Withstand so much backflow, the closure time of dashpots are minimization. Ic is fully automatic and requires no exrernal ‘usually limited co 1 to 5 seconds. Ihe pipeline concains debris power or electrical connection co the pump control. cor sewage, a check valve wih oil cushion can act as screen ‘Another option is a resilient dise check valve, called a during reverse low conditions and quickly clog the line. ‘Swing-Fles® check valve (SFCY). The only moving part of the ‘An even bereer solution is to select a check valve that SFCV is the Rexible dsc. This valve has a 100 percent port j closes before any significant reverse low develops, thereby slanted at 45-deg, which provides a shore 35-deg stroke, quick preventing 2 slam. One such valve isa spring-loaded, center- closure, and low head loss. Ic is also available with 2 mechani guided ‘silene’ check valve (SCV) as shown in Figure 6. An cal position indicator and limit switches. The Surgebuster* SCV is near slam-proof because of is short linear stroke (1/4 (SB) has an even faster closure duc to che addition of a Dise diameter), location of the disc in the ow stream, and strong Accelerator giving the SB closure characteristics similar to @ ‘compression spring. However, selecting a Silent Check Valve silent check valve. thas several pitfalls such as high head loss, no position indica- ‘With all of che check valve possibilities, one is available tion, and limitation to clean water applications. for every system with low head loss and slam-free operation, ‘On the other end of the spectrum is a Tiked Dise® check The closing characteristics of all types of check valves are valve (TDCV). The TDCY as shown in Figure 7 has the lowest shown for various system decelerations in Figuce 9. The valves hreadloss because its pore area is 140 percent of pipe sie and its whose curves are farthest to the right have the best non-slam discis similar o a buceery valve disc where the low is llowed characteristics. 44 MARCH 2007 ‘wwww.pump-zone.com PUMPS & SYSTEMS Pump Control Valves Even though a fast-closing check val ods from velocity changes during pum For pumping systems where the ertical period is long control valve is often used, A. pump consol ae wid othe pur provides adjusable opening and clos Ing ines ees ofthe syste eit cal time period. Pump contol valves ate hydraulically operated so the mocion of the closure member of the valve (ie. a burerly valve dite) ie unaffected by the flow or pressure in the line. Also, most pumps in service today have low rorat Jing inertia and come to a stop in less than 5 seconds ‘The pump control valve can close rapidly during power ourages or pump tips to protect the pump. However, when rapid closure is required, addi- tional surge equipment will be needed, a explained in the following section. First, though, the selection erteria per taining to pump contol valves wil be presented ‘The list of possible pump concrol valves is long because many valves can be equipped with che automatic con- twols necessary for pumping systems. Valves typically considered are burefly, plug, ball, and globe-pantern control valves. Probably the most common cri- terion used o select a vale is intial cose, buc for pumping systems, the selection process should be carefully undertaken with consideration given to: * valve and installation + pumping costs cup and shurd «pump + scliability *+ flow characteristics The installed costs for the vasious types of pump control valves can vary widely, For example, a 12-in butterfly plug valve with a hydraulic powered actuator and controls can cost $5.000, while a ball valve or globe-pat trol valve can be 2 ttnes to 4 times that amount. In addition wo the purch cost, the cos for making the flange con- nections, control wiring vo the pump moror controls, and providing concrete cone TESCOM pedestals for che heavier ball and globe-pattern control valves should also be added Ofcourse, the installed cost of che valve is imporsant and presencs an imporcant investment. Bur equally important is wamping cost associated with th valve. The electrical current draw of the pump is a function of che system head loss and flow rate. The additional eleo- head loss through the Can you afford to lose a batch due Poe Eel acl UCR a Ue Se eee ie eesti cones Seer etre errno ee rnc ns eet rere ner eee rere tac ee cca RS EY Pavia tos ee peer’ EMERSON. CONSIDER IT SOLVED: circle 139 on card or goto psfreeinfo.com PUMPS & SYSTEMS one com MARCH 2007 45 tical costs due to valve headloss can be caleulaved using the formula A= (1.65 QAHS, CU)/E where: A= annual energy cost, dollars per year Q = flow rate, gpm ‘AH = head loss, ft of water S, = specific gravity, ift. Station Resign — $$ pumping costs can be even more importanc than the insealled Pots, Further, che larger the valve, the greater che impact from the energy costs. “Typical headlos low factors are shown in the rable below, in order of lower headioss, The AWWA bal valve has che lowest headloss ofall pump control valves, bur che AWWA burterfiy valve probably provides the best balance berween energy © and installation costs. dimensionless \ PORT. (water = 1.0) | Globe-Pattern Control Valve |__ 100% c Roca electricity, | Silent Check Valve lOO Us usage, percent x 100 Dual Disc® Check Valve 80% (1.0 equals 24 hrs per day) {Swing Check: Malye. 100%. E= efficiency of pump and | Eocentric Plug Valve = 80% motor set (0.80 typical) re anePiex” Check Valve 100% i os eee See ie Tilted Disc” Check Valve. 140% 5,400 | 0.63 35) and globe-parem contol valve OC | Butterfly. Valve | 90% < | 6,550 | 0.43 = 5.7) in 2 4500-gpm (12.7-fu8) system | Ball Valve. 100% 2,500.1 0.04 can be calculated as follows: | Ball Valve ss. se “Fie beads wil be Fgher when weighs and springs are added to prevent slamming AH=Kv/2g where: AH = headioss, ft water column K = flow resistance coefficient, dimensionless v= velocity, fis g = gravity, 32.2 fis? substituting 5.7 — 0.48) (12.77 / 2x 32.2 = 13.2 ft. we “This difference in headloss can then be used to calculate the difference in annual operating cost, assuming an electric: ing cose of $.05 per KW-hr and 50 percent usage. A. = (1.65 x 4500 x 13.2 x 1.0 x 0.05 x 0.5) / (0.8) = $3,062 The calculation shows that che use of a valve in the place of a 12-in globe-style control va '$3,062 per year in energy costs. Ifthe pump station had four such valves operating for forsy years, che cotal savings would be about $490,000 over the life of the plant. Ie is clear that The integrity of the pump control valve seat is also important so that the pump can be serviced without backflow through the valve. A resilient seat in the valve, which mates swith a corrosion resistant seating surface, is highly reliable ‘because ic provides zero leakage. If any leakage is allowed, such, ts with i-feing metal seats, debris will build up atthe leake age sites andthe mating surfaces can be subject 0 erosive wear from debs or high velocey leakage valve should be built and. proof-of- design rested to industry standards such as AWWA C504, ‘Busserfy Valve, published by the American Water Wosks ‘Assoctation, to assure reliability in design as well as perfor mance. Some valves such as globe-partezn control valves are not covered by an AWWA standard. Finally, the ow characteristics of pump control valves will determine how well they will prevene surges. The most Uesirable flow characteristic ofa valve is one where the valve tiniformly changes the flow rate when installed in che system. ‘The Bow data available from valve manufacturers are inherent flow characteristics usually expressed in tezms of a flow coef ficient (C.) at various positions as shown in Figure 10. ‘On the left side is a quick-opening valve curve (such a5 & wing check valve), which depicts a rapid change in the flow tate as the valve opens, On the other extreme is an equal per- ‘enrage valve (such as a V-ported bal valve), which changes the flow rate ata uniform percentage. The most desirable flow 45 ARCH 2007 \worm:pump-z0ne com PUMPS & SYSTEMS ‘characteristic for long pipelines is equal percentage as provided by buterfly and ball valves. All of the selection crceria discussed, including cost, head loss, reliability, and flow characteristics, should be considered rogether when selecting 2 valve. No single valve type will excel, in all categories. The benefits of the expected performance ‘must be weighed against the costs and impact on the system, surge potential Pump Control Valve Operation Ualiaing a butedly valve, let us con sider the operation of a typical pump control valve. A bucterfly valve is oper- axed by rotating its shaft 90-deg and is normally equipped with a hydraulic oylinder actuator. The cylinder can be powered with pressurized water from the line or from an independent oil power system. We learned easier that negative surge conditions can occur for several seconds, 0 a backup water or oil system | is appropriate. Figure 11 illuserates « ‘ypical installaion, Hydraulic controls electrically wieed into the pump circuit are mounted on the valve, Four-way and ‘wo-way solenoid valves (SV) direct the operating medium to the eylinder ports | to ojcle the valve. The speed of open- ing and closing is controlled by inde- pendendy adjustable low control valves (FCY), Flow control valves are special needle valves with a built-in reverse check valve 10 allow fiee flow into the cylinder but controlled flow out of the ojlinder. ‘Wea the pump is started and pressure builds, a presuure switch (PS) located on the pump header signals che buttery valve to open. Dutiag sht- down, the valve is signaled to close while the pump continues to run. When the valve nears the closed position, a limit switch (LS) located on the valve will stop the pump, ‘The safe operating time for che pump control valve is usually much the pump total pipeline headloss in controlling che Flow rate. Initial settings will normally be chree to five times greacer than th critical period to minim One addicional function of the pump control valve should be considered: prevent the pump from backspinning afcer power failure or overload crip. Since pumps today are no j longer equipped wich Awwheels, as with old diesel units, chey Forturarely. Sims Pumps resolve these problems by replacing or re-engineering - your impellers to operate at the new system design poire * Increase the reliability of ‘the complete pump = * Improve efficiency of + Use less energy *+ Save thousands of dollars ‘on operating costs + Better performace Upgrade with Simsite® ‘New Technology! Structural Composite Pumps, Impellers, Pings & Parts greater chan the critical period. A long operating time is needed om pipe applications because che valve’ effet closing time is fraction ofits oral clos- ing time due to the face that the valve heedloss must be combined with the SWUS Pump Company Custom-engineering pumps to meet your specfc requirements. Since 1919, Sims Pump Valve Company, Inc. + 1314 Park Ave, Hoboken, NJ 07030 ‘oll Free 1-800-746-7303 + Phone (201) 792-0600 + www.simsite.com [cle 137 on card orgote pesto con] PUMPS & SYSTEMS ‘av pume-zane.com MancH 2007 47 i | | VALVE CV, PERCENT OF MAX. g Lo r QUICK OPENING PLUG GLOBE BALL ‘BUTTERFLY, EQUAL PERCENTAGE | 5% 0 70 «220 «30 «40 «80 60 © 70 VALVE POSITION, PERCENT OPEN i rei low charaeteates,” Sue 80 30100 WELL SERVICE AIR VALVE MOTOR CONTROL CENTER PuuP / ELECTRICAL CONN: = | pressure i Sharon (ECTIONS ooo} 0) cy ° re} Tir SHUTOFF SHUT (CHECK VALVE GONTROL CHE 1. pimp hock valve Wstallaton. WITH CYLINDER ACTUATOR 1ECK VALVE, ‘48 MARCH 2007 ‘ww pump-zane.com PUMPS & SYSTEMS SURGE TANK DISCHARGE HEADER, Figure 12-A hydro pneumatic surge tank in a just a few seconds. Therefore, after a ower outage or pump tip, the pump con- valve must close mote rapidly co pre- vent backspinning valve hydraulic equipped witha bypass line equipped wich 2 2way solenoid valve (SV) to send the controlled cylinder flow around the normal ow control valve and through a large Low control valve (FCV), thereby closing the pump control valve automaticaly in 5 ro 10 seconds after power failure. This is essential to prevent excess pump backspin and to prevent deplecion of che hydro-pneumatic surge cank ware back through the pump if fone is utilized. ‘As an alternative to the special bypass circuit, a fas-closing check valve is some- times installed upstesm of the pump con- trol valve to back-up the cantrl valve. The fast-losing check valve not only prevents reverse flow through the pump, but also provides redundant protection of the pump should the pump control valve fil 0 close ‘Specializing In out-of-the-ordinary and complex. applications. Duplex, triplex, and other ‘combinations. VFDs. Large horsepower systems. Radio telemetry and SCADA systems. UL 508A, 6994, and 698B panel shop. Tic Roe wwrwrevereconirol.com » 800.595.2525 tevere@reverecontrolcom an Revere Control Systems rN Yo env In-Stock Parts Ready To Go FOR ALL BRANDS OF PROGRESSIVE CAVITY PUMPS “4 Same Day Deliveries 4 li-Stock Inventory + Return/Repair Service Full Warranty “+ Complete Pump Packages 4 Complete Seal Flush Systoms $180 9001 CEE The ft Source far Progressi 2 ito ad Drawings 5 halen Sobrils 5 "Wee itr” Poe Merete See Se mae BAe | [ciele 17d on card or goto pefreonfocom] card ar go to ptreino.com | PUMPS & SYSTEMS \wenw-pump-zone com MARCH 2007 49 due to loss of pressure or tipmen nalineion eid done of citer he pamp cote valve or a fast-closing check valve in a long piping system yours diem fe pe viously explained thar the y Cnet ae ald deen Seer uScen | BBSUINE se Orbea, | CONNECTION the valve must close in five \ a REDUCING, CONTROL PILOT ub RELIEF, Pcaaccerceenneaeane ale CONTROL PILOT STRAINER NEEDLE VALVE ISOLATION VALVES seconds to protec the purnp \ Dee alier a power failure, Hence, on the surges will be caused on power outages so additional protection is usually needed. MAIN VALVE, Surge Relief Equipment Since ie is impractical co use pipe materials, which can handle high surge pressures co slow che operating flow velocity toe craw, surge relief equipment is needed to anticipate and dissipate surges from sudden veloc- ity changes after power out- ages. Surge relief equipment will also provide protection against malfunctioning valves, improper filing, or other system problems. ‘Standpipes and Surge Tanks Many types of surge relief equipment are used to safeguard pumping systems. For low-pressure systems, a standpipe open {0 atmosphere will reve pressure almost instanly by exhaust- ing water. For systems with higher pressure, the height of a scandpipe would be impractical, so a bladder-ype accurula- tor of surge tank with pressurized air over water can be used to absorb shocks and prevent column separations (see Figure 12). For typical pumping systems, however, these tanks tend to be large and expensive and must be supplied with a com- pressed air ester. When used, an additional fast-closing check valve is also needed to prevent surge tank water from escaping back through the pump. This is a common example of when youwill see bots pump control valve anda fst-

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