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Μια καινούρια
Μια καινούρια
Newton ( 1727)
,
.
Principe de moindreaction,
Prinzip der kleinsten Wirkung. Principle of least
action, .
, 20 ,
,
.
.
. ,
.
,
. .
.
Fermat
;
Newton ;
Pierre-Louis Moreau
de Maupertuis, ( ) 1744.
Leonhard
Euler Methodus Inveniendi Lineas Curvas Maximi Minive Proprietate
Gaudentes. Euler
.
- Joseph Luis Lagrange.
,
.
ACTION, WIRKUNG,
ACTION
, , .
, , :
,
, .
Leonhard Euler
1707
. dq
mdq . dq =
dt , m2dt
dt.
t2- t1
m(dq/dt)2dt t1 t2 .
.
19 .
1788. . LAGRANGE.
.
, ,
.
L
Ldt ( t1 t2 ). H L
(q) (q) .
,
t1
1 .
Lagrange .
t2- t1
Ldt ( t1 t2 ) .
- L
T- U,
U
19 .
Euler Lagrange
L
LAGRANGIEN.
.
1788 ,
Mchanique Analytique -
.
Lagrange has perhaps done more than any other to give extent and harmony to such
deductive researches by showing that the most varied consequences may be derived from
one radical formula, the beauty of the method so suiting the dignity of the results as to
make his great work a kind of scientific poem.
W. R. Hamilton
, 1827 1834,
William Rowan HAMILTON,
.
= T + U
HAMILTONIEN,
.
HAMILTON.
1840 Jacobi .
LANGRANGIEN HAMILTONIEN
L = T-U = T+ U (q)
(q) (q) . L = L ( q, q ) . (p) = ( q, p)
H H
L(q, q) = mq2
H(q, p) = p2/m + kq2.
kq2.
H Hamilton 20 .
1915 Hilbert ,
Einstein - 1920, de Broglie
, 1942 Richard Feynman
.
Euler Lagrange
.
H
Hamilton, L=TU .
Hamilton.
( )
Euler-
Lagrange .
Hamilton
Hamilton, Hamilton
,
,
.
Hamilton
.
,
.
,
.
path integrals ( ) Dirac Feynman.