11/17/2017 -

.

.
) ( .

.

.
. -

.

.

.
.
. :
1000.000.000.000 ) (
) (
( .
.
. .

1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4

3
3.1

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2 1/4
11/17/2017 -
.1662
:

-1 .
, .

-2
. . .
.

-3 .

-4 ) (.

" "P " "p SI . ) (
.
) ( . [1].
. .
.
.

T SI . .
. ) (
[2]. .

" "V SI .

) ( SI .

. ) (.
) ( .

: :

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2 2/4
11/17/2017 -
][3

p
V
T
R
n ) (.

) (Real gas : .
:

) (

P.
T |.
R .
.Vm

a b ) (Tc ) (Pc :

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2 3/4
11/17/2017 -

J. Clerk Maxwell (1904). Theory of Heat. Mineola: Dover Publications. pp. 31920. ISBN 0-486-41735-2 ^ .1
.(See pages 1378 of Society, Cornell (1907 ^ .2
CODATA Recommended Values: molar gas constant. National Institute of Standards and Technology. ^ .3
.Retrieved on 12. Januar 2012

"https://ar.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=&oldid=24728089"

.06:28 2017 30

. .

https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%B2 4/4