jdG dH dG HJ

RdG S : OGYEG

2006
5........................................................................................................................................................................................................ J
7.............................................................................................. ef SCG h dG LdH M If -1
9.............................................................................................................. dGfEG e QNGh MG AfEG -2
12.......................................................................................................................................................... dG HJ W -3
13...................................................................................................................................................... AdG a -1-3
13................................................................................................................................ dG h HdG a -2-3
15.......................................................................................................... IjL GQWEG aVEG -1-2-3
15...................................................... e ,FdG dG dG GQWEG dGREG -2-2-3
15.................................................................... LG M IjL GQWEG aVEG -3-2-3
15........................................................................................................ dG FGdG V -4-2-3
16............................................................ Ye T SSCG GQWEG aVEG -5-2-3
16.................................................................................................................. jdG hCG jdG -6-2-3
19...... jdG jG EG jdG jG e dG FGW f -7-2-3
20........................................................ YdG ceCG EG jG f hCG fEG -8-2-3
21.................................................................................................................... zG{ HJ -9-2-3
25.................................................................................... jG a SdG Vh -10-2-3
25........................................................................................................................................................ dG a -3-3
26.......................................................................................................................................................... jG a 4-3
27............................................................................................................ dH IQdG GGh VGeCG - 5
27...................................................................................................... (TdG hCG fJhCG ) dG IOhO - 1
27................................................................................................................................................................ dG b - 2
28............................................................................................................................................ eCGh eRdG - 3
28.................................................................................................................................................... G VGeCG - 4
29...................................................................................................................................... G J Ve - 5
29.......................................................................................................................................................................... GRhQdG - 6
 J

Gf YLEG h jObEG MdG e ic gCG fOH dG HJ J

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7
 jdG dH dG HJ

: AGQdG 

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3 3 3 H
6,5 6 5,5 bj
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24 21 16 jCG

dG OGaCG IM Ia W
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.HN b GT 18
3 Jh dH L gQE Gf dG h HdG N HSCG 4 J : ddG
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.MGe
e RJ M a e LJ dG G AGdH bdG J :jCG 10 EG 1 e 
;G J fCG c SCGH OLG dG OZ

8
 ;H e LJ dG dG J :ej 20 EG 11 e 
c AG h dG Mh MdG ,G QN J :J EG ej 21 e 
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.aG OGR c 8 T Y jRGgG bQ bJh : e 200 iJ
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9
 jdG dH dG HJ

.G EG GG J a YCG bh G VQCG jJ 
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.SY e cC jdG FGda .QgdG

10
 6 cm

2 cm
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G AZ ` 1
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3
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4 GQWEG ` 3
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SY ` 4
3 6 cm
(dG e) G ` 5
5
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6
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(DADANT) fOGO N

1 7 cm

2 cm
2 G AZ ` 1
3 15 cm GQWEG AZ ` 2
4 GQWEG ` 3
SY ` 4
35 cm G ` 5
5
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dG GW e ` 7
6

7
50 cm
40 cm

(Langstroth) h N

11
 jdG dH dG HJ

G a GhOCG `
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.GQWEG eh d
b Y G Y dG Y GQWEG e dG aO J : ITa
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NBG h dG bh GQWEG RJQ gMCG FL d .UGbCG
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Ie Y j dG e j c GSCG AYh Y IQY : G
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: dG HJ W -3
Y fH bGeh dH jdG Y SSCG J jdG dH dG HJ
.dG e Y fEG Y G LCG e dG dG JG h dG QGe

12
 : AdG a -1-3
IQGG e LQO Y aj M G e dG j e GQPf ,dG Gg
eh dG e cSG OGR IQGG fG ch .LQO 33-32 QJ G NGO
.OdG
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aJh AYh Vjh .dG e .%50 h AG e .%50 e dG G jh
.hj M jh LQO %40 GM EG JQGM
jj T EG HcCG T e e AGHG d dG G Gg j
J eY dG jJ Y dG j h .SCG c Ie N c d 1 QGe
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fL Vj YCG e e QWEG Y IQY gh jGZ dG G Rj
.iNCG GQWEG
Ldh GL ce S zfdG{ gh dG jd j NBG AGZ g
M GQWEG a dG Vj .G LM M IU b EG J
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c Ie hCG SCG c Ie dG Qhj M fGh H Y dG GC j bdG Gg
.YSCG

13
 jdG dH dG HJ

G Y dG j hCG j c
.dG h UG ddG AGJQG 
.(G Ne eCG dh) G fH dG j 
dG Ne e G NJ 
d LQG AdG dGREG 
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.(dG jJ QWEG dZ) fG GQWEG MCG dGREG 
.iNCG GQWEG j j G fH Vh 

14
 : dG IQjR
IOY a .gOLh e cCdG h zG{ ge g dG IQjR e FdG dG
e Wf ieh G OLh Y SEG h G SG GQWEG H LJ
dG GQWEG a G jDhQ .SGdG dG NGO jG dG OLh N
.dG bH e WCG h M cCG a
.(SCGQ Vh CG MGh j Y) jG dG Ig zG{ OLh e cCdG 
.dG jH IOY G J : G T Me 
:IjL GQWEG aVEG -1-2-3
b J jYdG QOG d ,J zG{ GC Jh G J HdG jGH
dG LM M e T GQWEG aVEG j Gd .dG AH d J h
.a zG{ d
:e ,FdG dG dG GQWEG dGREG -2-2-3
.K a IT 
.LYG a IT 
.Ve a IT 
: LG M IjL GQWEG aVEG 3-2-3
.S c IjL GQWEH dG GQWEG K J j G J eY
:dG FGdG V -4-2-3
NBG LfEG J d dM Y H GPEG : V FGW Y dG G
.IMGh N dG FGdG V hCG L j dG Gd .dG

15
 jdG dH dG HJ

:Ye T SSCG GQWEG aVEG -5-2-3

dG j GC H dG CG dG Mj eY G NGO GQWEG g J
.(dG j dG jG HCG dG SGH j Gg Y SEGh)
:GQWEH dG SSCG J J `
dG dG Y Ye dG e J bQ FU g SSCG g
:Id SGdG dG CG jQd
.G QWEG 
dG h jdG NGdG G e QWEG aM Y jU jQe O 
.QWEG e fL aM c K Vh 
HG dG EG Qh fG MC dG dG e bQ S W Nj 
.SCG dG AdG fh
QG Y G dG W d 
dG a dG SSCG Vh 
jQH SGH dG FHc QJ OGeEG 
a dG SSCG Y H dG j h dG IQGM LQO JJ Gg H 
.dG NGO
jdG hCG jdG -6-2-3
.G FGdG OY e IOjd Sh gh dG KJ W S jdG
J M .IjL e Jh QcdG h dH G MOJ HdG a
cQJ NBG e Y d FdG QcPh fEG f e Jh G CG G
.S c IMGh N e OhW 3 EG OW j CG h .H G

16
 .jdG eY `
G NGO OY Z W j 
G H Y dG MORG 
G G jQf Ic 

17
 jdG dH dG HJ

````````T G``WEG

jdG e `
J M jdG e eh dG FW Y VG Zj dG c GPEG
.IjL e J M G QdG g j
G dNOEG h OW dG J `
:j VQCG Y hCG IT a a OW Ige Y
OdG e ZQa N jJ 
VQCG a c GPEG OdG NJ hCG G NGO dG j M IdG a g 
.G NGO EG aOh
.dG dM bG dG dG Y jh G J 
.jG fCj M dG jJ 

18
 FGdG b hCG YUEG jdG `
dG 

.G jG OY IOjR 
.jdH dG FGdG N 
.dG b OhW IY fG 
jdG 

jdG FGdG Y dG g J
.jb FW QNG 
.dG e ZQa N 
G Y dG ,GQWEG 5 EG 4 :jdG FdG fh G f NCG 
.ZQdG G Vhh dG h dG Mh dG h
.dG H dG jJh G dG e GQWEH G Ga
C 
.e hH dG FdG a G Y dG dG j 
.IjL e jCG H HJ dG FdG 
:jdG jG EG jdG jG e dG FGW f -7-2-3
jdH J S Y jdG jG EG jdG jG e dG FGW f
:ddG
e T SSCG H GQWEG 4 EG 3 e j Y hU dG j 
KK hCG S Y dG e ZQa N GQWEG 5 EG 4 h dG e ZQa
J LCG e jW S GWCG J e QWEG e IMGh L Y e SCG
.Y dG UGbCG

19
 jdG dH dG HJ

.aW MCG j dG jdG H dG FW NH dG j 

.iNCG H IMGh jdG G IOLG (dG) dG UGbCG j 
.dG SGH G QWEG a dG UGbCG J 
.G b GPEG fC dG UGbCG Vh Y aG j 
.G NGO GQWEG VJ 
.jdG G NGO jdG G f e J e j 
.jG G e dG Y JY dG H dG ij 
.jdG G e jdG G Vh 
YdG ceCG EG jG f hCG fEG -8-2-3
fEG IOjdG b dG YQ ceCG EG jG f g dG g e dG
JdG h QTCG e GfCG IY QgR e IPSEG dH h G jJh dG
.WG e c
fEG ah G WG gCGh jG f ceCG M If j JBG hG

WG YdG f SGG hCG QdG

cHh dOJh Se SSh dG S dG M jHCG ` SQe
dG S SchCG HZ
dG S dG OY ` SH jHCG
Se MGf dG OY fj ` e
dOJ S dG
eGG ` YdG
: G WG
cdG ` dG Rdj ` fj
WCGh jdG
jRCG
dcO SchCG HZ jG
G WG hG jG

20
 :jG f Y gPJG LGdG WMEG H
dG j M dG AKCG jG J 
dG AKCG J M G AGLCG 
dG AKCG jG jJ e cCdG j 
jW Y H e jG GfEG j dG Xh jW aG fc GPEG 
.dG H dG QfGh
G NGO gjd dG e HJ c
zG{ HJ -9-2-3
a ,dG fEG ie Y KDJ fCG c dG IM SSCG GQhO G J
.dG fEG IOjR j G d dH dG e cCG GOY J dG
G j M jS G jJ e dG h J dG e HJ
.eh jb FGW j
hCG d fGW N hCG AK GC hCG dG AKCG Je FdG J e Gc
dSG hCG YV dG G jJ J G HJ Gd .iNCG N dNH
f fG Y Yj ej 21 a dG Hj dG g .FGdG b
.Ge FdG
jdG 

G HJ GhOCG
.jCG 3 gY ij dG bdG d UN ITa 
G a HJ jQf :SdG e hCG T ShDc 

G a HJ dG ShDdG N VQGY 
dH G VQGdG dG ShDc J 

21
 jdG dH dG HJ

22
 bdG QR
ij bj jW M a QWEG e NCj h jb FW a N dG Qj
dG j Gg b .TdG SGH T SCc IMGh c jh jCG 3 gY
.G jN NGO e j M dG ShDdG G AGdG e b
HdG AH
a j .HdG AGH N J GQWEG 5 J Ie N dG j 
.G HJ QWEG
Mh dG a dh M hH e T GQWEG j G g 
.dG
G e NCj dG U f G g Nj 
HdG
.fhH hCG G OLH eEG HdG Y J CG .HdG N bdG J CG H

23
 jdG dH dG HJ

G hH
.e jh HdG d N dG Qj 
HdG H N e G HJ QWEG dG j dG g e YS 6 H 
.gQNG dG G Sh jh
G OLH
.G LH e jh jb FW GP dG Qj 
.G Sh G HJ QWEG Nj 
.jCG 10 I J HdG j 
G hN
a e h M hH GQWEG 3 NGO h GQWEG 5 `d J N dG j 
.dGG j R feEH j j 20 ij Y f
M Jh G hN jh G HJ QWEG G g NGH j 
.dG VH GC J
G jRJ
YRjh G LM SGH Lj GL J dG G dG Qj
.Je jJ jj hCG J dG jG Y
jG G jQf QR
YQH dPh INCG g hN b G HJ jQJ j CG d
.ddG jdH jG NGO
.H QV hCG K GMEG hO IOM dBH G jQf J 

24
Gg jh IjL gjhJ jj dG G Sh GQWEG dG Qj 
.G f QH j K QWEG
jQWEG G jQf e KEG 2) N c dG Qj CG j 
.
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.a e IMGh J bdG f
jG a SdG Vh -10-2-3
Gd .FdG jh e d Y EG djh MdG dG j QgdG bh
j dH jQdG dG j eY CG eYh G a SY Vh j
.QgdG Ia J M Ggh hCG SdG h G H e fK SY aVEG
dG a -3-3
dG b
GPEG EG dG j .dG USE G EG f j SdG eY
.dH dG N CG UGbCG f
jdG 

.b H FdG NJh G a 
.G J dG UGbCG IYGe e GQWEG Y dG 
TdG SH G fH NBG hU Vhh dG e QWEG c ANEG 
USG h dG Ra
e a dG USG Hh b SdG RH dG j RdG aZ
.jG fEG

25
 jdG dH dG HJ

jdG 

dG ZCG c 
dG dhW j CG H idG dH QWEG h dG dH dG je
.eCG e bQ UdG S e dG W Jh
RdG dhW j WG GQWEG JJ 

RdG Y 

.SCG EG dG jh FHc hCG jhj QGj dG RGdG GQWEG VJ

CG j IQGG OHh dG bh a h dG Ra dG J GPEG :Me
.GQWEG dG e b j M aGO H Rj
dG J 

.G dG h dG AGLCG e d e dG j RdG H
dG f 

LCG a e d jCG IY jh Ic GhCG : e dG Vj

.dG LCG G NGO jh dG a J dG LQG
:dG J 

ffdG jG M SdG e hCG fe hCG LLR GhCG dG C j

jG a 4-3
dG e fh SG dG GC jh We IY QgdG J jG a
QgdG aJ e dG cCJ GPEG EG gRa Yh G NGO dG GQWEG J j Gd
.bdG Gg

26
AYEH dG j M AdG a Ad FdG J dG Gg jf e
.G e h OdG NGO EG j M VQCG MEGh dG FGd ac jY
dH IQdG GGh VGeCG `5
(TdG hCG fJhCG ) dG IOhO ` 1
GALLERIA MELLONELLA IdG dG IOhO 

GALLERIA GRISELLA IdG dG IOhO 

Jh dG dG EG G TGdG g fCG NJ TGa e J dG IOhO

.dG Y dG GC Jh dG e bdG J Gg H ,dG NGO dG
,dG d e j e jM H e jW bfCG J ddG QdG h
.JM IQhO Jh hd G QN EG TdG J K AGQY EG NGO J
d IOhO HQ
.dG e dG dG UGbCG Y dG IOhO Q 
.jdG SGH J M H dG e ZQdG jGh GQWEG VJ 
.QdG e j M GL dG ZEG j 
dG IOhO TGa M G ZQdG jG dG j CG j 
.dEG Jh
EG J dG IOhO C dG FGH jdGh gEG dG Y j 
.dG jG
dG b `2
j dGh QcdGh d jQdG WG dZ Lj 1 j dG
dG SSCG bdG Jh G ZCG hCG G Ga dG
.dG Y iJh

27
 jdG dH dG HJ

VCG GPEG d .H GQV Kj fC dG j CG j dG b OLh

EG 10 : THYMOL zdG{IO G H Gg HQ j ,J G Ea G
.d e 60
: eCGh eRdG ` 3
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AeCG L
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ehdG 

e j dG G e d 25 Z 0,25 FUMIDIL.B : `H jea SG

.Ge 4 EG 3 dG QJ YSCG c d 1 dG
G VGeCG `4
LOQUE EUROPEENNE HhQhCG G Ve
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OSCG EG H fd NCJh bdG dG QdG
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G e d 25 GZ 1 (STREPTOMYCINE) HS IOe J
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LOQUE AMERICAINE jeCG G Ve

28
G d j SGdG fY J CG H G j e Ve
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VARROASE GRhQdG ` 6

j dG dGh GAGQdG e j HcL GhQa j e Ve GRhQdG

.OdG T

29
 jdG dH dG HJ

Gg jh Y dG j G NGO GhQdG e b OY QX : hCG QdG

.GS 3 EG 1 e QdG
GhQdG OY dN j IMGh S Ie : dG QdG
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IQSEG jh (APIGARD) OQHCG h (AMITRAZ) RGeCGh (APISTAN)
.G jW d dG dG e

30