1.

Q = C.A.V
Q =
C =
A = =
V =
V

A
C

A

A
A

3
2. P
r P

GO
ABC
ABC = A r O
OC OA
OC = OA = r B C
OB = OA GO = r GO GO
OB r GO
cos
OC r A

1
 r GO
cos 1
r

A = OAC OBC
1 1
A' r.r OB.BC
2 2
1 2 r GO 1
r GO r 2 r GO
2
r . cos 1
2 r 2
1 2 r GO 1
r . cos 1 r GO . G O ( 2 r G O )
2 r 2
r G
A = 2A r 2 . cos 1 r O r GO . GO (2r GO )
d =
d
d = 2r r
2

2
d d 2GO d
A . cos 1
2
d
GO G O ( d G O )
2
_______ (1)

1. GO A trial-and error
2. Function (1)

GO

3.

2



= D = R
= d = r
= GO
= h

BCE = A
R A = 2A
r
Q
+ A = (sector OCE OFE)
R (sector QBE QFE)
r +
O = (sector OCE sector QBE )
E + (QFE OFE)
F
h H
B H
GO
C
() GO

h
h = H GO _________________________________________ (2)
1 1 1 1
A' r 2 R 2 ( QF .FE OF .FE )
2 2 2 2
1 1 1
A' r 2 R 2 FE.(QF OF )
2 2 2
1 1 1
A' r 2 R 2 FE ( R h) (r H )
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1
A' r R FE ( R H GO r H )
2 2 2
1 2 1 2 1
A' r R FE ( R r GO ) ___________________________ (3)
2 2 2
sector OCE
OC = OE = r
OF = OC H = r H
OF rH
cos
OE r
rH
cos 1 _____________________________________________ (4)
r
sector QBE

3
 QB = QE = R
QF = QB h = R h
QF Rh
cos
QE R
Rh
cos 1 _______________________________________________ (5)
R
OFE
FE2= r2 OF2 = r2 (r H)2 =r2 ( r2 2rH + H2) = 2rH H2 ______ (6)
FE 2rH H 2 ___________________________________________ (7)
QFE
FE2= R2 QF2 = R2 (R h)2 =R2 ( R2 2Rh+h2)
= 2Rh h2 _____________________________________________ (8)
(7) = (6)
2Rh h2 = 2rH H2 = 2r(h + GO) (h + GO)2
= 2rh + 2rGO h2 2hGO GO2
2h(R r + GO) = GO (2r GO)

GO .(2r GO ) GO .(d GO )
h ____________________ (9)
2( R r GO ) D d 2GO

GO .(d GO ) d .GO GO2

h H GO
D d 2GO D d 2GO
d .GO GO2 d .GO GO2 D.GO d .GO 2GO2 D.GO GO2
H GO
D d 2GO D d 2GO D d 2GO
G .( D GO )
H O _______________________________________ (10)
D d 2GO
D.GO GO2
H
D d 2GO

D.GO + GO2 =H.D H.d + 2H.GO
GO2 + D.GO 2H.GO H.D + H.d = 0
GO2 + (D 2H).GO + (H.d H.D) = 0
Quardratic Equation
(D 2H ) ( D 2 H ) 2 4.(1).( Hd HD )
GO
2.(1)

(2 H D) D 2 4 HD 4 H 2 4 Hd 4 HD
GO
2

(2 H D ) D 2 4 Hd 4 H 2
GO
2

4
 GO
(2 H D ) D 2 4 Hd 4 H 2
GO ____________________ (11)
2
(4), (5) (7) (3)
1 2 rH
1 2 1 R h 1
A' r . cos 1
R . cos ( R r GO ). H (2r H )
2 2 r R 2
1 rH 1 2 1 R H GO 1
A' r 2 . cos 1 R . cos ( R r GO ). H (2r H ) __(12)
2 r 2 R 2

A = 2A
r H) 1 R H GO
A 2 A' r 2 . cos 1 R . cos
2
( R r GO ). H (2r H )
r R

2 2
d d 2H D 1 D 2 H 2GO ) 1
A . cos 1 . cos ( D d 2GO ). H (d H )
2 d 2 D 2
_________________________ (13)

1. 180
FE 0
FE = r H = r
2.
FE r (7)
3. GO A trial-and -error
4. Function (13)

GO

5
 (1) (13)
A = (sector OCE OFE) (sector QBE QFE)
= (sector OCE sector QBE ) + (QFE OFE)

1 2 rH 1 2 1 R h
r . cos 1
A' R . cos
2 r 2 R
1 1
( R h). h(2 R h) (r H ) H ( 2r H )
2 2
r H 1 R h
A 2 A' r 2 . cos 1 R . cos
2

r R

( R h). h(2 R h) ( r H ) H (2r H )

2 2
d d 2H D 1 D 2 h
A . cos 1 . cos
2 d 2 D

D d
( h). h( D h) ( H ) H (d H ) ______ (14)
2 2
(14)
( ) D

(1)
FE h( D h) H (d H )

H H
h

H = h + GO
(14)
2 2
d d 2H D 1 D 2 h
A . cos 1 . cos
2 d 2 D

D d
( h). H (d H ) ( h G O ) H (d H )
2 2

6
 2 2
d d 2H D 1 D 2 H 2G O ) 1
A . cos 1 . cos ( D d 2GO ). H ( d H )
2 d 2 D 2
(13)
(1)

A (14) Dlim
A
2 2
dGO GO dG GO
lim h lim
D D D d 2G
lim O
D D
0
O
2
DGO GO
2
DGO GO D
lim H lim
D D D d 2G
lim
D D d 2G
O O

D
2
G
GO O
lim D lim G
D d 2GO D O
1
D
(14)
2 2
d d 2GO D D d
A . cos 1 . cos 1 1 h (0) GO GO (d GO )
2
d 2 2 2
2
d d 2GO d
A . cos 1 0 0 GO GO ( d GO )
2 d 2

2
d d 2GO d
. cos 1 GO GO ( d GO )
2 d 2
(1)
4.




4.1 D
2
projection ellipse


b
D ellipse projection
2
b


7


 = D = D
projection ellipse = D
= 2b
D
b cos
2

D2
= 4

bD D D D 2
ellipse =
2
. cos .
2 2 4
. cos

= A = ellipse
D2 D2
. cos
4 4
D2
A 1 cos _____________________ (15)
4

Function (15)

8
 A

1.

2. 90
90
= D ( )

(1)

(15) cos = 0
:
D2
A
__________________________ (16)
4

D2
Amax <90 4
. cos =
= 90

(15) A
D2
A 1 cos
4

9
 D2 D2
. cos A
4 4
A
cos 1 2
D .
4
4A
cos 1 1 2 ________________________ (17)
.D

(16)
4 A At
cos 1 1 __________________________________ (18)
.D 2

At

180
Degree Radian ___________________________________ (19)

0
Q 0

4.2

E

b
C
Ellipse

b
a 0 b A
B
0 a

10
 , BE = 2a BC
= a , AB projection BC AB = b

b = a.sin
A , Ae Ellipse At=

A = Ae At
= ab At
= a(asin ) At
A = a2sin At __________________________________________ (20)

= 90
Amax = a At
2

Amax
Amax 90
a2.sin max = a2 At
A
sin max 1 2 t
a
A
max sin 1 1 2 t ________________________________________ (21)
a
max
(20) 0



-
A
-
- 2

Function (20)

0 11



5.

,
, ,

10 2551

12


1. Cell, John W.; Analytic Geometry, 3rd edition; Wiley & Sons, Inc.. New York and London, 1960.
2. Spiegel, Murray R.; Mathematical Handbook, Schaums Outline Series in Mathematics; McGraw-
Hill Book Company, Inc.. New York, 1968.
3. ; Ellipse . (Unpublished)

13