BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1:1998

Incorporating
amendment no. 1

Flued oil stoves with

vaporizing burners

The European Standard EN 1:1998, incorporating amendment A1:2007,

has the status of a British Standard

Confirmed
March 2008
ICS 91.140.20
BS EN 1:1998

National foreword
This British Standard is the official UK version of EN 1:1998, incorporating
amendment A1:2007.
The start and finish of text introduced or altered by amendment is indicated in
the text by tags !". Tags indicating changes to CEN text carry the number
of the CEN amendment. For example, text altered by CEN amendment A1 is
indicated by !".
The UK participation in its preparation was entrusted to Technical Committee
RHE/13, Oil burning equipment.
A list of organizations represented on this committee can be obtained on
request to its secretary.
This publication does not purport to include all the necessary provisions of a
contract. Users are responsible for its correct application.
Compliance with a British Standard cannot confer immunity from
legal obligations.

This British Standard, having

been prepared under the
direction of the Engineering
Sector Board, was published
under the authority of the
Standards Board and comes
into effect
on 15 September 1998

BSI 2007
Amendments issued since publication

Amd. No. Date Text affected

17134 29 June 2007 See national foreword

ISBN 978 0 580 59195 2

EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1
May 1998
NORME EUROPEENNE
+ A1
EUROPAISCHE NORM April 2007

ICS 91.140.20

Descriptors: Heaters, liquid fuel appliances, oil stoves, oil burners, combustion product discharge, definitions, equipment specifications,
performance evaluation, measurements, name plates, technical notices, marking

English version

Flued oil stoves with vaporizing burners

Poeles a combustible liquide avec bruleurs a Heizofen fur flussige Brennstoffe mit
vaporisation raccordes a un conduit d'evacuation Verdampfungsbrennern und Schornsteinanschlu
des produits de la combustion

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 26 February 1998.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations
which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a
national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical
references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to
the Central Secretariat or to any CEN member.
This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German).
A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a
CEN member into its own language and notified to the Central Secretariat has the
same status as the official versions.
CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Czech
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,
Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and
United Kingdom.

CEN
European Committee for Standardization
Comite Europeen de Normalisation
Europaisches Komitee fur Normung

Central Secretariat: rue de Stassart 36, B-1050 Brussels

1998 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved worldwide for CEN national
Members.
Ref. No. EN 1:1998 E
Page 2
EN 1:1998

Foreword Contents
Page
This European Standard has been prepared by Foreword 2
Technical Committee CEN/TC 46, Oil stoves, the Introduction 3
secretariat of which is held by DIN.
1 Scope 3
This European Standard replaces EN 1:1980. 2 Normative references 3
This European Standard shall be given the status of 3 Definitions 3
a national standard, either by publication of an
identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by 4 Constructional requirements 4
November 1998, and conflicting national standards 5 Performance and operating requirements 6
shall be withdrawn at the latest by November 1998. 6 Tests 8
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal 7 Instructions and marking of the appliance 14
Regulations, the national standards organizations 8 Evaluation of conformity 15
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Czech Annex A (normative) Measuring methods for
Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, determining the smoke number 18
Greeze, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Annex B (normative) Fluid method for detecting oil
Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, derivatives 18
Switzerland and the United Kingdom. Annex C (normative) Measurement of nitrogen
oxides 30
Annex D (normative) Measurement of total
hydrocarbons (THC) 32
Annex ZA (informative) Relationship between this
Foreword to amendment A1 European Standard and the Essential
Requirements of EU Directive 89/1065/EC, EU
Construction Products Directive 33
This document (EN 1:1998/A1:2007) has been Bibliography 37
prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 46 Oil
stoves, the secretariat of which is held by DIN.
This Amendment to the European Standard
EN 1:1998 shall be given the status of a national
standard, either by publication of an identical text
or by endorsement, at the latest by October 2007,
and conflicting national standards shall be
withdrawn at the latest by January 2009.
This document has been prepared under a mandate
given to CEN by the European Commission and the
European Free Trade Association, and supports
essential requirements of EU Directive(s).
For relationship with EU Directive(s), see
informative Annex ZA, which is an integral part of
this document.
According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal
Regulations, the national standards organizations
of the following countries are bound to implement
this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,
Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece,
Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania,
Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland,
Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain,
Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

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EN 1:1998

Introduction
This standard specifies the constructional and
operating requirements, conditions for functional
testing, and marking and instructions for flued oil
stoves with vaporizing burners.
1 Scope
!This standard applies to flued oil stoves with one
or more vaporizing burners (hereafter referred to as
stoves) as used for individual heating in the
domestic field and having either a draught regulator
or a combustion air limiter as defined in 3.13 and a
nominal heating capacity of not more than 15 kW.
This standard also applies to appliances with fan
assisted vaporizing burners.
This standard does not cover
built-in appliances
appliances equipped with an atomizing burner
appliances incorporating a boiler or connected
to a water system
According to the type of fuels used in the country of
destination, the stoves are supplied for use with
either:
fuel oil with a maximum kinematic viscosity of
6,0 mm/s at 20 C maximum oil flow position
or kerosene with a flash point of not less than
40 C "
2 Normative references
This European Standard incorporates by dated or
undated reference, provisions from other
publications. These normative references are cited
at the appropriate places in the text and the
publications are listed hereafter. For dated
references, subsequent amendments to or revisions
of any of these publications apply to this European
Standard only when incorporated in it by
amendment or revision. For undated references the
latest edition of the publication referred to applies.
EN 50165, Electrical equipment of non-electric
appliances for household and similar purposes
Safety requirements.
!EN 60335-2-102:2006 Household and similar
electrical appliances Safety Part 2-102:
Particular requirements for gas, oil and solid-fuel
burning appliances having electrical connections
(IEC 60335-2-102:2004, modified)
ISO 2859 (all parts) Sampling procedures for
inspection by attributes"
3 Definitions
For the purposes of this standard, the following
definitions apply:
3.1
flue gas
flue gas is the product of combustion leaving the
stove by means of the flue gas outlet
3.2
flue gas mass flow
flue gas mass flow is the mass of flue gas being
evacuated over a given period of time
3.3
steady operating condition of the stove
steady operating condition of the stove the operating
condition of the stove corresponding to a given heat
input in which the flue gas temperature in the
measuring sleeve (see Figure B.3) does not vary by
more than 5 K over a period of 15 min.
3.4
control device
the control device is a component of the oil regulator
for adjusting the oil flow from a closed to a
maximum open position
3.5
the maximum oil flow position is the control device
setting with the maximum oil flow to the burner
3.6
heating gases
heating gases are the combustion gases flowing
inside the stove
3.7
minimum oil flow position
the minimum oil flow position is the control device
setting with the minimum oil flow to the burner
3.8
nominal heating capacity
the nominal heating capacity is the heating capacity
indicated on the rating plate
3.9
storage tank
the storage tank is the part in the stove from which
the burner is supplied with fuel
3.10
oil derivatives
oil derivatives are the organic substances which are
deposited onto the filter paper when determining
the smoke number

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EN 1:1998

3.11 !3.22
oil regulator content of unburnt hydrocarbons
the oil regulator is a device which ensures an content of unburnt hydrocarbons in the dry flue
adjustable, constant flow of oil to the burner gases measured as volume in ppm, calculated as
C3H8, expressed in mg/MJ"
3.12
smoke number
smoke number (SN) is the degree of blackening 4 Constructional requirements
which the soot causes on white filter paper under
4.1 Heating capacity
the conditions specified in this standard
The nominal heating capacity, expressed in
3.13 kilowatts, shall be:
combustion air limiter
the combustion air limiter is a device for limiting the selected by the manufacturer;
combustion air supply verified during the tests;
indicated on the rating plate.
3.14
combustion air conveyor The nominal heating capacity shall be rounded off to
the nearest multiple of 500 W.
the combustion air conveyor is a device for
conveying the combustion air supply 4.2 Materials
3.15 The quality of the materials as well as the shape and
combustion chamber dimensions of the components shall ensure that,
the combustion chamber is the area in the stove provided the operational procedures are met and
where combustion takes place with the associated mechanical, chemical and
thermal stresses which occur, the stoves will remain
3.16 safe and operable over a given period.
vaporizing burner
!The stove shall be fire-resistant and safe to
the vaporizing burner is a burner in which operate, and shall be designed such that
combustion of the fuel occurs under the effect of heat
and, together with the combustion air, forms a no visible deformations following the
combustible fuel vapour/air mixture performance tests according to Clause 6 occur;
3.17 it can withstand the stresses arising during
normal operation;
heat input
the amount of heat supplied by the fuel on an hourly the burner and the stove cannot become heated
basis to the stove, calculated using the calorific to create a hazard;
value, Hi of the fuel dangerous accumulations of combustible gases
(fuel mixed with air) in the combustion chamber
3.18 and in the flues are prevented (for automatically
heating capacity operated burners only);
the heating capacity is the useful amount of heat gases cannot leak from the stove in dangerous
given off hourly by the stove quantities.
3.19 The stove shall be made of non-combustible
efficiency materials except that combustible materials shall
efficiency is the ratio of the actual heating capacity be allowed for the following:
to the related heat input, expressed as a percentage components of accessories e.g. burner covers, if
3.20 the parts are fitted outside of the boiler;
ignition device internal components of controls and safety
the ignition device is a built-in device for igniting equipment;
the fuel vapour/air mixture operating handles;
!3.21 electrical equipment.
content of NOx Component parts of covers, operating, control and
content of NOx in the dry flue gases measured as safety devices and electrical accessories shall be
volume in ppm, calculated as NO2, expressed in arranged in such a way that their surface
mg/MJ" temperatures, under steady state conditions, do not
exceed those specified either by the manufacturer or
in the component part standard."

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!NOTE Because the entire heat dissipating surfaces of the
appliance including the flue spigot/socket and the flue gas
connector are working surfaces, there is no requirement for
limiting the surface temperature of the appliance."
4.3 Combustion chamber
The combustion chamber shall be properly sealed
and fitted with a device (e.g. lid, door, etc.) which
cannot be locked, and designed to compensate for
any excess pressure.
4.4 Filter
The stove shall include at least one filter situated
either before or inside the oil regulator and a
strainer in the filling orifice. The filter shall retain
particles with a diameter of over 0,25 mm. The filter
and strainer shall be easy to remove and clean.
4.5 Oil regulator
Oil regulators, or equivalent devices, shall maintain
the flow of oil reaching the burner at a constant
value corresponding to the setting selected.
The closed and maximum open positions shall each
have a limiting stop.
The minimum position shall be clearly marked and
be sensed as a resistance that can be overcome
mechanically.
4.6 Marking of operating settings
The control device for the oil regulator shall have
clearly visible and permanent markings.
4.7 Safety device
The stove shall have a safety device to prevent
overflowing of the oil from the burner.
4.8 Fan for the supply of combustion air
Irrespective of the operating setting of the stove, the
supply of combustion air from the fan shall not
create excess pressure in the combustion chamber.
The operation of the fan shall be trouble free.
The function of the burner shall be linked with that
of the fan. In the event of a failure of the fan, the
flow of oil to the burner shall be either totally
interrupted or reduced to a flow such that the smoke
number does not exceed the maximum permissible
value for the operation of the burner without the
fan.
If the fuel supply to the burner is completely cut off
by an electric current failure, then for manually
operated burners (without automatic ignition),
when the current is restored, the fuel shall be
readmitted to the burner manually. For
automatically operated burners (automatic
ignition), when the current is restored, the ignition
without a blow-out shall be ensured.
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EN 1:1998
4.9 Fuel lines
The fuel lines shall not be load-bearing parts of the
construction.
The fuel lines shall be resistant to the fuel and shall
not exceed the maximum permissible surface
temperatures specified by the manufacturer.
Removable fuel lines shall be connected by means of
metal screw threads including at least four engaged
threads.
The sealing of the parts containing fuel shall be such
that there is no leakage or seepage.
!It shall not be possible to remove any component
in the oil supply line to the burner without the use
of a tool."
4.10 Storage tank
When the stove includes a storage tank, its effective
capacity shall enable operation of the stove for:
at least 10 h in the case of nominal heating
capacity u 8 kW; and
at least 8 h in the case of a nominal heating
capacity > 8 kW.
The filling orifice of the storage tank shall have a
cap.
It shall be possible to cut off the supply of fuel from
the storage tank to the burner be means of a
shut-off device fitted before the oil regulator. If it is
a rotary device, closing shall be by turning in a
clockwise direction.
!To ensure that any fire external to the stove is
not transmitted to the contents of the built-in
storage tank or, if a fire does occur, its effects are
limited by either the tank being made of
non-combustible materials e.g. metal or be enclosed
with non-combustible fire resisting materials or
construction. Any fuel lines from the tank to the
burner shall also be fire resistant.
The filling orifice of the built-in storage tank shall
have a cap and shall be easily accessible and it shall
be so arranged that when filling the tank with fuel
it is not possible to ignite the fuel from any hot
components."
4.11 Oil-level indicator
Built-in storage tanks shall have an oil-level
indicator.
4.12 Drip tray
!Any stove incorporating a built-in storage tank
shall incorporate a drip tray, below the parts of the
stove containing fuel, for the collection of any
spillage, having an edge height of a least 10 mm
(inside depth) and capacity of a least 1 dm3."
Page 6
EN 1:1998

4.13 Flue outlet !Controls and safety devices shall be coupled so

that operation of each occurs in the correct sequence
The flue outlet can be of the push-on or push-in type
and timing; coupling may be electrical or
and shall have a circular cross-section at its end and
mechanical. The controls and safety devices shall:
permit the attachment of a flue gas pipe, the
diameter of which compiles with the applicable a) ensure that the start-up sequence is not able to
standards of the country in which the stove is to be commence unless the flame sensing equipment
installed. has confirmed the no-flame condition;
It shall be possible to fit a flue pipe, having a b) establish satisfactory ignition of the oil;
diameter D in a length D/4, but at least 30 mm, onto
c) maintain normal operation if the flame is
or into the flue outlet.
satisfactorily established, and switch off ignitor;
4.14 Damper d) automatically vary the burner firing rate,
Dampers or other movable devices for restricting where applicable;
the flow of flue gases are not permitted. e) stop the burner when the demand for heat is
4.15 Draught regulators and combustion air satisfied;
limiters f) stop the oil supply and lock-out system if flame
Draught regulators shall be able to be set in a is not satisfactorily established;
permanent manner at the maximum draught g) provide means for a visible or audible
indicated by the manufacturer. This value shall be indication that the unit is in a lock-out condition;
given in the installation instructions.
h) ensure that any interruption of the electricity
Draught regulators and combustion air limiters supply does not give rise to a dangerous condition.
built into the stove shall be fitted at the
manufacturer's works and shall operate If the control sequences are such that an attempt to
automatically. re-ignite the burner can be made the burner shall
either:
One of these two devices shall be fitted if the stove
has no fan for the supply of combustion air. i. ignite and burn in a safe manner whilst the
surplus oil is burnt off and the burner is returning
4.16 Assembly to normal operation conditions; or
The stove shall be supplied by the manufacturer ii. not ignite.
with all parts assembled; the flue outlets and burner Manually operated dampers or other movable
rings may be built in subsequently. Non-removable devices for restricting the flow of gases shall not be
parts shall be securely fitted in their position of use. fitted. Automatically operated dampers, if fitted,
For removable parts, see 7.2. shall be interlocked with the fuel supply and
4.17 Maintenance arranged so that the burner cannot operate with a
closed flue."
Parts which are removable to allow for maintenance
and cleaning shall be readily accessible and
designed so that they can be correctly reassembled !5 Performance and operating
in accordance with the manufacturer's requirements"
instructions.
Under the test conditions given in clause 6, the
!4.18 Additional requirements for appliances following requirements shall be met.
with automatic burners
5.1 Maximum oil flow
The burner and control system in combination shall
be such that, in the event of failure to ignite when With the control device in the maximum position,
starting, the burner will assume a safe condition the heating capacity shall be equal to, or greater
(lock-out) and will require a manual reset of its than, the nominal heating capacity.
sequencing control. In the event of a flame failure 5.2 Minimum oil flow
occurring when running, the appliance shall fail
safe. With the control device in the minimum position,
the average hourly oil flow shall not exceed
A temperature or pressure sensing device shall be one-third of the nominal flow at nominal heating
provided on the appliance to start and stop the capacity. Stoves having a maximum flow
burner. In addition, a separately operating limiting of 0,200 kg/h in the minimum setting are excluded
device shall be provided to stop the burner before from this requirement.
the temperature in the appliance exceeds safe
limits."

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EN 1:1998

If the control device of oil-fired heating appliances is !5.7 CO in the flue gases"
reduced by hand, the maximal rate shall not be The emission of carbon monoxide (CO) in the flue
more than 50 % of the oil rate per hour at nominal gases, of an amount of fuel corresponding to 1 MJ
heat input. (based on Hi), shall not exceed the value of 0,4 g/MJ
5.3 Ignition at all rates of operation.
It shall be possible easily to light the burner from This value shall be calculated as the mean value
cold following the manufacturers operating from the tests as described in 6.5.2.1, 6.5.2.2 and
instructions. 6.5.3.2.
!In addition for appliances of class 1 according to
!5.4 Appliance classes for efficiency and Table 1, the content of CO measured at nominal
emissions heat output and at low rate shall not exceed
The requirements of Table 1 shall be fulfilled as 20 mg/MJ."
appropriate to the appliance class.
Table 1 Appliance Classes
Efficiency at nominal heat
Appliance CO C n Hm NOx
output Smoke number
Class mg/MJ mg/MJ mg/MJ
%
appliances appliances Gas oil Kerosene
< 4 kW U 4 kW
1a 020 6 35 78 81 1 1
2b 400 75 75 2 2
3b 400 75 75 3 2
4b 400 70 70 3 2
5b 400 60 60
a measured at nominal heat output and low rate only
b measured in the whole heat output range

NOTE 1 National regulations might request the statement of efficiency values as well as the class. Therefore in these cases it is
allowed to state the efficiency value in addition on the data plate and/or in the technical information (see 7.4).
NOTE 2 National regulations might request the statement of efficiency values in addition to these measured at nominal heat output."

5.5 Smoke number 5.8 Oil temperature

!For appliances of the classes 1, 2 and 3 according
to Table 1, in the whole heat output range the smoke
number shall not exceed 3 for gas oil and 2 for
kerosene. For appliances of class 1 according to
Table 1, at nominal heat output and at low rate only
the smoke number shall not exceed 1 for both gas oil
and kerosene.
The flue gases shall not contain oil rest particles.
Under the test conditions of 6.5.1.2, 6.5.1.4 and
6.5.3.1 for gas oil, the smoke number may be one
more."
5.6 Flue gas temperature
During the tests, the flue gas temperature shall not
be less than 90 K, nor more than 350 K, above the
ambient temperature.
The temperature of the fuel in the built-in storage
tank and oil regulator shall not exceed 20 K above
ambient temperature for fuel oil, or 15 K above
ambient temperature for kerosene.
5.9 Floor temperature
The surface temperatures of the underside of the
drip tray, shall not exceed 45 K above ambient
temperature when using fuel oil, or 35 K above
ambient temperature when using kerosene.
The surface temperatures of the floor shall not
exceed 60 K above ambient temperature.
!This requirement is not applicable if the
manufacturer states that the appliance shall not be
installed on combustible floor."
5.10 Wall temperature
The surface temperatures of the walls, behind and
adjacent to the stove, shall not exceed 60 K above
ambient temperature at the minimum clearances
given by the manufacturer in the installation
instructions under the test conditions described
in 6.5.
!This requirement is not applicable if the
manufacturer states that the appliance shall not be
installed adjacent to combustible walls."

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EN 1:1998
5.11 Temperature of the control knobs
The temperatures of the control knobs on their
contact surface shall not exceed ambient
temperature by more than:
35 K for metals;
45 K for porcelain;
60 K for plastics.
This also applies to other similar materials.
These temperatures may be exceeded if the stove is
supplied with an accessory with which it is possible
to operate the adjustment devices easily and
without the risk of burning. The tests shall be
carried out as described in 6.5.2.1.
!5.12 Electrical safety
EN 60335-2-102 shall apply with the following
condition:
The tests described in Clause 19 of
EN 60335-2-102:2006 shall not apply for safety
relevant circuits when the mechanical components
ensure that any failure or interruption of the
electronic circuits does not affect the safe operation
of the appliance.
5.13 NOx and unburnt hydrocarbons (CnHm)
in the flue gases
In addition for appliances of class 1 only according
to Table 1, measured at nominal heat output and at
low rate the content of NOx must not exceed
35 mg/MJ and the content of unburnt hydrocarbons
must not exceed 6 mg/MJ."
6 Tests
6.1 Test apparatus
6.1.1 General
!The stove shall be installed on test apparatus
(see Figure B.1) and connected to the test chimney
by means of measuring sleeve (see Figures B.2 and
B.3). The test floor and walls together with the
accessories shall be as shown in figures by B.4a,
B.4b and B.4c."
The measuring equipment shall meet the following
requirements:
CO2 concentration of flue gases
Continuous recording equipment for determining
the CO2 content with a measuring tolerance of max.
0,2 % by volume.
CO concentration of the flue gases
Continuous recording equipment for determining
the CO content with a measuring tolerance of max.
0,005 % by volume.
Temperature measuring devices
Continuous recording equipment for determining
the flue gas temperature with a measuring
tolerance of max. 2,5 K.
Continuous recording equipment for determining
the ambient temperature with a measuring
tolerance of max. 0,5 K.
Equipment for measuring the fuel temperature in
the storage tank and oil regulator, the temperature
of the fuel lines, on the floor, on the underside of the
drip tray, the test wall temperatures and the control
knobs with a measuring tolerance of 1 K.
Measurement of the draught
Continuous recording equipment for determining
the draught during operation and with a measuring
tolerance of max. 0,5 Pa.
Measurement of the smoke number
Intermittent recording equipment or manually
operated device as shown in Annex A for recording
at least one measured value in a 15 min period.
Measurement of the quantity of fuel supplied
!Gravimetric measuring process for determining
the quantity of fuel supplied using a weighing tank
and scale having a measuring tolerance of 10 g and
a scale graduation of at least 2 g or an equivalent
volumetric measuring process.
Add the following new measurement equipment
downstream the measurement equipment for CO in
the flue gases:
NOx-content in the flue gases
Continuously recording instrument for the
measurement of NOx-content with an inaccuracy of
maximal 5 ppm
CnHm-content in the flue gases
Continuously recording instrument for the
measurement of CnHm-content with an inaccuracy
of maximal 5 ppm
More information to measurement of nitrogen
oxides (NOx) and total hydrocarbons (CnHm) are
given in Annexes C and D.
The draught regulator shall be inoperative during
the tests. If a locking device is available, this shall
be locked during the tests and unlocked, if
necessary, when the stove is installed."
6.1.2 Testing of stoves having several possible
outlet connections
If the stove to be tested has several possible outlet
connections, the tests described in 6.5.1.1 to 6.5.3.3
shall be carried out on one outlet connection. For
each of the other possible outlet connections, the
short-term tests as described in 6.5.1 shall be
carried out without altering the oil flow in the oil
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regulator. For all possible outlet connections, the
nominal heating capacity shall be attained and the
specifications for operational use as defined in
clause 4 shall be complied with.
6.2 Test fuel
The test fuel used in the tests shall have
characteristics corresponding to the average fuel
available in the country of destination. The fuels
used are:
fuel oil having a viscosity of (5,0 0,5) mm2/s
at 20 C and a density of (0,84 0,02) kg/dm3
at 15 C;
kerosene satisfying the regulations valid in the
country where the stove is to be used.
The test fuel shall be defined by the following
dimensions, which are given in the test report:
Density at 15 C kg/m3;
Viscosity at 20 C mm2/s;
Carbon content % by mass;
Hydrogen content % by mass;
Sulfur content % by mass;
Calorific value Hi kJ/kg.
6.3 Verification of construction
By visual inspection or, if necessary, during the
operational tests, it shall be ascertained whether
the requirements given in clause 4 have been met.
6.4 Testing of leak-tightness of the fuel circuit
During the tests, it shall be verified that there is no
leakage or seepage of fuel.
6.5 Operational tests
All the tests shall be carried out on a test chimney
(see Figures B.2 and B.3) with the secondary air
device adjusted as specified in 6.5.1 so that the
draught indicated by the manufacturer is attained
at maximum oil flow.
Only the test described in 6.5.3.2 may be carried out
either on the test chimney or another chimney.
The evacuation of the flue gases from the test room
shall be arranged so that the flow and pressure
conditions of the test chimney are unaffected.
The test room temperature shall be between 20 C
and 30 C.
It shall be verified whether the requirements of
clause 5 have been met.
The tests are carried out after the stove has been
placed in the test device in accordance with the
installation instructions. The distance between the
test wall and the apparatus wall containing the flue
gas evacuation duct shall not exceed 300 mm. The
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EN 1:1998
test side wall shall be located opposite the hottest
point of the stove.
6.5.1 Short-term tests
Before the short-term tests are carried out the
control device of the oil regulator is adjusted to the
maximum oil flow rate position and it is determined
whether the required heating capacity has been
reached.
Otherwise, the oil supply to the burner shall be
corrected by varying the flow at the oil regulator.
During the tests, the secondary air device of the test
chimney is adjusted so that it is possible to attain
the draught indicated by the manufacturer at
maximum oil flow.
No further correction of the secondary air device
position shall be undertaken during the tests.
With the above setting of the secondary air device
being maintained, the control device is adjusted to
minimum oil flow rate and it is determined whether
the oil flow meets the requirements of 5.2.
Otherwise, the oil supply to the burner shall be
corrected by varying the flow at the oil regulator.
Modifications of oil rate are not allowed during the
tests.
6.5.1.1 Maximum oil flow rate
The control device shall be set at the maximum
position.
When steady operating conditions have been
reached, the test begins and lasts for a period of 2 h.
The following values shall be measured or
determined:
Draught (d);
Quantity of fuel supplied (D);
Smoke number (RZ);
Oil derivatives (B);
Flue gas temperature (tf);
CO concentration of flue gases (CO);
CO2 concentration of flue gases (CO2);
Efficiency ();
Heating capacity (P);
CO quantity in flue gas (CO).
The mean values for the quantity of fuel supplied
(D), efficiency () and heating capacity (P) from the
two hour test shall be given.
6.5.1.2 Change from the maximum to the minimum
oil flow rate
The control device is moved from the maximum
position to the minimum position.
Page 10
EN 1:1998

Thirty minutes after the change, the following Draught (d);

values shall be measured: Quantity of fuel supplied (D);
Draught (d); Smoke number (RZ);
Smoke number (RZ); Oil derivatives (B);
Oil derivatives (B). Flue gas temperature (tf);
CO concentration of flue gases (CO);
6.5.1.3 Minimum oil flow rate
CO2 concentration of flue gases (CO2);
The control device remains in the minimum
Efficiency ();
position.
Heating capacity (P);
When steady operating conditions have been
reached, the test begins and lasts for a period of 2 h. CO quantity in flue gas (CO);
!NOx-content in the flue gases (for class 1
The following values shall be measured or appliances only);
determined:
CnHm-content in the flue gases (for class 1
Draught (d); appliances only)."
Quantity of fuel supplied (D); At the end of the sixth hour of the test, the following
Smoke number (RZ); shall be measured:
Oil derivatives (B); temperature of the fuel in the storage tank and
Flue gas temperature (tf); oil regulator;
CO concentration of the flue gases (CO); temperature of the floor and underside of the
drip tray;
CO quantity in flue gas (CO).
temperature of the test walls behind and
The mean value for the quantity of fuel supplied
adjacent to the stove;
form the two hour test shall be given.
temperature of the control knobs.
6.5.1.4 Change from the minimum to the maximum
oil flow rate 6.5.2.2 Minimum oil flow rate
The control device is moved from the minimum to The control device is placed in the minimum
the maximum position. position.
Thirty minutes after the change, the following When steady operating conditions have been
values shall be measured: reached, the stove shall be operated or the control
device positioned so that the fuel supplied is less
Draught (d); than or equal to a of the fuel supply at nominal
Smoke number (RZ); heating capacity or less than or equal to 0,200 kg/h.
Oil derivatives (B). Automatically regulated stoves shall be operated so
6.5.1.5 Maximum oil flow rate (Repeat tests) that the fuel supplied does not exceed 50 % of that
at nominal heating capacity.
The control device remains in the maximum
position. The test then lasts for a period of 6 h.

The test begins immediately after the test described The following values shall be measured or
in 6.5.1.4 and lasts for a period of 1 h. determined:

The same values as in 6.5.1.1 shall be measured or Draught (d);

determined. Quantity of fuel supplied (D);
Smoke number (RZ);
6.5.2 Long-term tests
Oil derivatives (B);
6.5.2.1 Maximum oil flow rate Flue gas temperature (tf);
The control device is set to the maximum position. CO concentration of flue gas (CO);
When steady operating conditions have been CO2 concentration of flue gas (CO2);
reached, the stove shall be operated or the control CO quantity in flue gas (CO);
device shall be set so that the nominal heating
capacity is maintained. !NOx-content in the flue gases (for class 1
appliances only);
The test lasts for a period of 6 h. CnHm-content in the flue gases (for class 1
The following values shall be measured or appliances only)."
determined:

BSI 2007

6.5.3 Additional tests
6.5.3.1 Intermediate oil flow rates
The total range of the rate of fuel supply between
the maximum and the minimum is divided into
three approximately equal ranges.
For each of the two intermediate positions of the
control device thus defined, after steady operating
conditions are attained, a 60 min test is carried out
and the following values are measured or
determined:
Draught (d);
Quantity of fuel supplied (D);
Smoke number (RZ);
Oil derivatives (B);
Flue gas temperature (tf);
CO concentration of flue gas (CO);
CO2 concentration of flue gas (CO2);
CO quantity in flue gas (CO).
6.5.3.2 Test with burner flooded
With the storage tank full, the control device is set
at the maximum position. During a period of at least
12 h, the fuel shall not have spilled out of the burner
housing. The oil level is then measured in the
burner housing. The distance between the oil level
in the burner and the underside row of perforations
in the burner housing wall shall not be less
than 4 mm.
The oil regulator is then set at the closed position,
the stove is connected to a chimney and the fuel
which is in the burner is ignited and burnt off. The
draught shall not exceed 0,3 mbar.
Up to the end of the test, no flames, soot or
combustion gases shall escape from the stove into
the test room and the burner shall not show any
perceptible deformation.
6.5.3.3 Stoves fitted with combustion fans
It shall be verified during the operational tests that
no combustion products are emitted into the room
and, in the event of a fan failure, the requirements
in 4.8 are met.
6.5.3.4 Stoves with two burners
If simultaneous operation of both burners is
possible, the maximum oil flow rate tests shall be
carried out as in the case of a stove with one burner.
For the minimum oil flow rate test, only one of the
burners shall be used at its minimum oil flow rate.
BSI 2007
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EN 1:1998
6.5.4 Measurement methods
6.5.4.1 Ambient temperature
The ambient temperature is measured at a height
of 1,5 m and at a minimum distance of 3 m from the
stove, with a freely suspended thermometer
shielded against heat radiation.
6.5.4.2 Smoke number and oil derivatives
During the tests described in 6.5, the smoke
numbers and oil derivatives are determined at least
every 15 min; the evaluation method is described in
Annex A for the smoke number and in Annex B for
the oil derivatives.
6.5.4.3 Temperature of the fuel in the storage tank
The temperature of the fuel shall be measured 2 cm
above the bottom of the storage tank.
6.5.4.4 Surface temperatures
The hottest points of the rear and side test walls, the
test floor, the lower side of the drip tray as well as
on the non-metallic tubing, are determined. The
surface temperatures shall be measured at these
points.
6.6 Calculations from the measurements
6.6.1 Efficiency
6.6.1.1 The losses shall be determined from the
mean values of the flue gas and ambient
temperatures together with the flue gas analysis
during testing. The efficiency at nominal heating
capacity is determined from these losses.
When determining these losses, the latent heat
losses, being usually very small, may be
disregarded.
6.6.1.2 Losses of sensible heat in the flue gases.
C
Q = c pm ------------------------------------------------------- + 0, 112H ( t f t r )
0, 536 ( CO 2 + CO )
or as a percentage of the calorific value Hi of the test
fuel
Q
q = ------ 100
Hi
Where Q and cpm are expressed in corresponding
units (e.g. in kJ/kg and kJ/m3K).
6.6.1.3 Efficiency as a percentage.
= 100 q
6.6.2 Heating capacities
The various heating capacities P shall be calculated
in kW on the basis of the quantity M of fuel burned
in 1 h, the calorific value Hi of the test fuel and the
efficiency :
M Hi
P = -------------------------------
100 3 600
Page 12
EN 1:1998

6.6.3 Carbon monoxide content of the flue gases Where:

The analysis of the flue gases shall be carried out NOx NOx content in mg/MJ, corrected
and the average volumetric CO2 and CO contents of nitrogen content (N) in the oil
the dry flue gases, as a percentage, shall be For the test, the nitrogen content (N)
determined during the operational tests. in the oil shall be analysed and should
The carbon monoxide quantity in flue gases (CO) is be between 70 and 200 mg/kg.
determined in g/MJ at the maximum oil flow rate by NOxref NOx value in mg/MJ corrected
means of the following formula (numerical value according reference conditions for air
equation): humidity of 10 g/kg and room
28 C CO temperature of 20 C
CO = ------ ------ --------------------------- 10000
12 H i CO 2 + CO NOxrech From the measurement calculated
For the test fuel, with: NOx value in mg/MJ
NOxppm measured NOx-content in the flue
C = 85,5 % gases in ppm
Hi = 42 900 kJ/kg O2meas measured O2-content in the flue gases
this gives: in %
CO hmeas measured air humidity in g/kg dry air
CO = 46, 5 --------------------------- during the NOxppm measurement
CO 2 + CO
(between 5 and 15 g/kg)
CO tmeas measured combustion air
CO = 47 -----------
CO 2 temperature in C during the NOxppm
measurement (between 15 and 30 C)
For all other oil flow rates, the carbon monoxide
Nmeas measured nitrogen content (N) in the
quantity CO, in g/MJ, is given by the following
oil in mg/kg
formula (numerical value equation):
2,056 Specific gravity of NO2 in kg/m
( CO ) 1 D1
CO = 47 ------------------- -------------- Hi net calorific value of the
( CO 2 ) 1 D max oil = 11,86*3,6 MJ/kg (mean value)
!6.6.4 NOx in the flue gas VA,th,tr,min Theoretical flue gas volume,
dry = 10,46 m/kg (mean value)
During the tests at nominal heat output 6.5.2.1 and
at low rate 6.5.2.2, the flue gas composition and the Nref Reference value for nitrogen content
mean NOx-content in the flue gases (in ppm) shall (N) in the oil = 140 mg/kg (mean
be measured. value)
The NOx-content in the flue gases in (mg/MJ) shall NOTE The analysed values for the test oil can be used.
be calculated by the following equations:
mg 6.6.5 Unburnt hydrocarbons in the flue gas
NO x --------- = NO xref 0, 2 ( N meas N ref )
MJ During the tests at nominal heat output 6.5.2.1 and
mg at low rate 6.5.2.2, the flue gas composition and the
NO xref --------- = NO xrech ( h meas 10 ) . mean CnHm-content in the flue gases (in ppm) shall
MJ
be measured.
0, 02 NO xrech ( 0, 34 )
--------------------------------------------------------------
- 0, 85 ( 20 t meas ) The content of the unburnt hydrocarbons (CnHm) in
1 0, 02 ( h meas 10 ) + the flue gases (in mg/MJ) as propane-equivalent
shall be calculated by the following equation:
mg 1
NO xrech --------- = --------- . mg V tr,min M HC
MJ 3, 6 C n H m --------- = ------------------ ------------- CH meas
MJ Hu 22, 4
21 V A,th,tr,min Where:
NO xppm 2, 056 ------------------------------- -----------------------------
21 O 2meas Hi
CnHm Value of unburnt Hydrocarbons
(CnHm) in the flue gases as propan-
equivalent in mg/MJ
Vtr,min Theoretical flue gas volume, dry
(Propane) = 21,8 m/mBr
Hu net calorific value (Propane) = 93,2
MJ/mBr"

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 Page 13
EN 1:1998

! MHC Mol mass of unburnt Hydrocarbons cpm is the specific heat of the kJ/m3K
(CnHm) in the flue gases = 36,75 wet flue gas as a function of
kg/kmol (mean value) its temperature and
CHmeas measured mean CnHm-content in the composition (standardized
flue gases in ppm" value) (see Figure B.5)
m is the flue gas mass flow g/s
!6.6.6 " Flue gas mass flow rate rate
C
= ----------------------------------------------------- 11,2 H D 1 11,3 ,3
m - + ------------------------ ----------------------
- !6.7 Test report
0,536 ( CO 2 + CO ) 100 3,6
Each page of the test report shall be numbered
! 6.6.7 " Symbols and units consecutively and shall specify the results of the
In the above formulae (numerical value equations): testwork and any other additional information and
shall contain at least the following details
C is the carbon concentration percentage concerning the testwork undertaken on the
of the test fuel by mass (%) appliance:
CO is the carbon monoxide percentage a) name and address of the appliance
concentration of the flue gas by mass (%) manufacturer;
at maximum oil flow rate
b) name, serial number and description of the
CO2 is the carbon dioxide percentage appliance;
concentration of the flue gas by mass (%)
at maximum oil flow rate c) statement describing whether the materials,
design and construction requirements specified in
(CO)1 is the carbon monoxide percentage
Clause 4 are met or failed, supported by actual
concentration of the flue gas by mass (%) measured values of dimensions, thicknesses, etc.
at a given oil flow rate together with certificates as appropriate;
(CO2)1 is the carbon dioxide percentage
concentration of the flue gas by mass (%) d) statement describing whether the performance
at a given oil flow rate and operating requirements specified in Clause 5
are met or failed, supported by detailed test
CO is the carbon monoxide g/MJ results as specified in Clause 6;
quantity in flue gas
D1 is the fuel supplied at a kg/h e) statement describing whether the installation
given oil flow rate and operating instructions comply with the
requirements specified in Clause 7;
Dmax is the fuel supplied at kg/h
maximum oil flow rate f) copy of the marking information given on the
appliance, and a statement whether the marking
H is the hydrogen percentage information complies with the requirements
concentration of the test by mass (%) specified in Clause 8;
fuel
tr is the ambient temperature C g) name and address of the test laboratory;
of the air h) unique serial number for the report;
tf is the temperature of the C i) date of issue of the report;
flue gas
j) signature and legible name of the person taking
M Quantity of test fuel burnt kg/h responsibility for the content of the report;
every hour
P is the heating capacity of kW k) analysis and specifications of the test fuels used
the stove during the testwork."
Hi is the lower calorific value kJ/kg
of the test fuel
Q is the loss of sensible heat kJ/kg
in the flue gas per unit
mass of the test fuel
q is the percentage of losses of percentage
sensible heat in the flue gas (%)
Q, in relation to the calorific
value Hi of the test fuel
is the efficiency of the stove percentage
(%)

BSI 2007
Page 14
EN 1:1998
!7 Instructions and marking of the
appliance
7.1 General
Instructions written in the language of the country
of intended destination shall accompany the
appliance and shall describe the installation,
operation, maintenance and, if assembled on site,
the assembly of the appliance. The instructions
shall not be in contradiction to the requirements or
test results according to Clauses 4, 5 and 6 of this
standard.
7.2 Installation instructions
The installation instructions shall contain at least
the following information:
staement to the fact that all local regulations,
including those relating to national and European
Standards need to be complied with when
installing the appliance;
type (model or number) of the appliance;
class of the appliance after Table 1 with the
number of this European Standard like: flued oil
stove EN 1 class x;
nominal output in kW, from ... (lowest) kW to ...
(highest) kW or W;
right fitting removable parts;
horizontal assembly;
chimney connection;
safety clearances against combustible
materials, and the other protective measures that
shall be taken to protect the building
construction;
requirements for the supply of combustion air,
for the simultaneous operation with other
appliances and for the operation of exhaust air
devices;
NOTE Extractor fans when operating in the same room or
space as the appliance, may cause problems.
need of any air inlet grilles to be so positioned
that they are not liable to blockage;
mass of the appliance in kg;
minimum flue draught (in Pa) for nominal heat
output;
flue gas mass flow in g/s;
whether the appliance is suitable for
installation in a shared flue system;
flue gas temperature directly downstream of
the flue spigot/socket in C, under nominal heat
output conditions;
appliance shall be installed on floors with an
adequate load-bearing capacity. If an existing
construction doesnt meet this prerequisite,
suitable measures (e.g. load distributing plate)
shall be taken to achieve it;
advice on the need to provide access for
cleaning the appliance, the flue gas connector and
the chimney flue;
installation of the damper device, if applicable;
assembly of the appliance on-site, if applicable.
7.3 User operating instructions
The operating instructions shall contain at least the
following information:
statement to the fact that all local regulations,
including those referring to national and
European Standards need to be complied with
when installing the appliance;
kind of fuel (appropriate commercial
identification of the country of destination);
details of the method of refuelling the
appliance and the maximum filling height and
typical refuelling intervals at nominal heat
output;
description of the correct instructions for safe
and efficient operation of the appliance including
the ignition procedure;
advice on the purity of the air;
advice on the measure to reignition after safety
shutdown;
warning advice: Dont ignite the flued oil stove
in a warm condition;
advice on the maximum working pressure
of oil downstream the oil regulating device
from 300 mbar with integrated oil container;
advice that a flued oil stove with feed pressure
limiter with locking is lock-out release when the
maximum feed pressure in the chimney given by
the manufacturer is exceeded;
operation of all adjusting devices, dampers and
controls;
ventilation requirements for simultaneous
operation with other heating appliances, where
applicable;
correct operations for seasonal use and under
adverse flue draught or adverse weather
conditions;
advice on the need for regular maintenance by
a competent engineer;
advice on the adequate provision of combustion
and ventilation air and on keeping air intake
grilles; supplying combustion air, free from
blockage;"
BSI 2007

!instructions on simple fault finding and the
procedure for the safe shut down of the appliance
in event of malfunction e.g. overheating;
warning that parts of the appliance, especially
the external surfaces, will be hot to touch when in
operation and due care will need to be taken;
means of protection against risk of fire in and
outside the heat radiation area;
need for regular cleaning of the appliance, of
the flue gas connector and the chimney;
warning against any unauthorised
modification of the appliance;
instructions on how to achieve slow
combustion;
use of only replacement parts recommended by
the manufacturer;
advice about the actions to be taken in the
event of a chimney fire;
whether the appliance is suitable for
installation in a shared flue system.
7.4 Marking
Each appliance shall be permanently and legibly
marked, with the minimum following information,
in a place where it is accessible so that the
information can be read when the appliance is in its
final location:
manufacturers name or registered trade mark;
type or model;
class of the appliance after Table 1 with the
number of this European Standard like: flued oil
stove EN 1 class x;
nominal output in kW, from ... (lowest) kW to ...
(highest) kW or W;
minimum clearance distances from
combustible materials, in mm, as appropriate;
instruction follow the users instructions; case of an appliance already in production the
kind of fuel (appropriate commercial
identification of the country of destination);
test marks, if applicable.
NOTE For CE marking refer to Annex ZA.
This information shall conform to the information of
the installation and operating instructions.
If a label is used it shall be durable and abrasion
proof. Under normal operating conditions, the label
shall not discolour, thus making the information
difficult to read. Self-adhesive labels shall not
become detached as a result of moisture or
temperature.
BSI 2007
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EN 1:1998
7.5 Documentation for the production
The characteristics and particulars for the decision
guidance of the initial type testing (see 8.2.1) or
modification at the fireplace further type testing
(see 8.2.2) of the group or family of appliances shall
be documented. One copy of the decision guidance of
the characteristics and particulars is in the
documentation for the production for each fireplace.
8 Evaluation of conformity
8.1 General
The compliance of fuel oil stoves with the
requirements of this standard and with the stated
values (including classes) shall be demonstrated by:
initial type testing according to test
requirements in Clause 6;
factory production control by the
manufacturer, including product assessment.
For the purposes of testing, appliances may be
grouped into families, where it is considered that
the selected performance characteristic or
characteristics listed below is/are common to all
appliances within that family:
Reaction to fire
Release of dangerous substances
Surface temperature
Electrical safety
Rated thermal output
Durability
8.2 Type testing
8.2.1 Initial type testing
Initial type testing shall be performed to
demonstrate conformity to this standard. In the
appliance to be tested according to test
requirements in Clause 6 shall be chosen at random
and be representative of general production and the
manufacturer shall provide a written declaration to
this effect.
In the case of a prototype the appliance tested shall
be a model representative of the intended future
production and the manufacturer shall provide a
written declaration that this is the case.
Tests, according to test requirements in Clause 6,
previously performed in accordance with the
provisions of this standard (same product, same
characteristic(s), test method, sampling procedure,
system of attestation of conformity, etc.) may be
taken into account. In addition, initial type testing
shall be performed either at the beginning of the
production run of a new oil stove type (unless a
member of the same family) or at the beginning of a
new method of production (where this may affect"
Page 16
EN 1:1998
!the stated performance characteristics) and at
least a check of constructional characteristics on one
further production run appliance of each type over
an on-going period not exceeding 3 years to monitor
consistency of manufacture and conformity to type.
For a family or range of appliances it shall be
permissible to test, according to test requirements
in Clause 6, only selected appliances across the
family or range and to only verify selected
constructional and performance characteristics on
the others, subject to a clear decision being made
that the appliances are part of a family or range of
appliances.
In deciding that the appliances belong to a family or
range due account shall be taken of the performance
characteristics. Tests according to requirements in
Clause 6 previously performed in accordance with
the provisions of this standard (same product, same
characteristic(s), test method, sampling procedure,
system of attestation of conformity, etc.) may also be
taken into account in making the decision.
The parameters and characteristics considered in
making the decisions in relation to the family or
range of appliances shall be recorded and a copy
included in the production documentation for each
appliance of the family or range (see 7.3).
For the initial type test at least a sufficient number
of the appliances shall be chosen from across the
family or range so as to represent adequately the
family or range. The chosen appliances shall be
subjected to complete testing to fully verify their
compliance with all of the constructional and
performance characteristics in accordance with this
standard. For the other appliances in the family or
range not chosen for complete testing it shall be
permissible to only verify selected constructional
and/or performance characteristics to ensure their
compliance with the requirements of this standard
and/or with the fully type tested appliances of the
family or range.
8.2.2 Further type testing
Whenever a change occurs in either the appliance
design, the raw material, the supplier of the
components, or the production process, which would
change significantly one or more of the performance
characteristics, the type tests shall be repeated for
the appropriate characteristic(s).
It shall be permissible for this further type testing to
verify only selected constructional and/or
performance characteristics to ensure their
compliance with the requirements of this standard
and/or with the fully type tested appliances of the
family or range.
For a family or range of appliances it shall be
permissible to test according to requirements in
Clause 6 only selected appliances across the family
or range and to verify only selected constructional
and performance characteristics on the others,
subject to a clear decision being made that the
appliances are part of a family or range of
appliances.
In deciding the constructional and/or performance
characteristics to be verified or the appliances to be
tested (in the case of a family or range of appliances)
due account shall be taken of the performance
characteristics. Tests previously performed in
accordance with the provisions of this standard may
also be taken into account in making the decision.
The parameters and characteristics considered in
making either the decisions in relation to the
constructional and/or performance characteristics
to be verified or the appliances to be tested (in the
case of a family or range of appliances) shall be
recorded and a copy included in the production
documentation for each appliance (see 7.3).
8.3 Factory production control (FPC)
8.3.1 General
The manufacturer shall establish, document and
maintain a permanent FPC system and identify
areas of responsibility to ensure that the products
placed on the market conform with the stated
performance characteristics. The FPC system shall
consist of procedures, regular inspections and tests
according to requirements in Clause 6 and/or
assessments and the use of the results to control
raw and other incoming materials or components,
equipment, the production process and the product
and shall comply with the requirements specified in
8.3.2 to 8.3.8.
NOTE A permanent FPC system conforming to the requirements
of EN ISO 9001, or otherwise equivalent and made specific to the
requirements of this standard is considered to satisfy the above
requirements.
The manufacturer shall carry out FPC tests to
monitor the conformity of the product. Sampling,
testing or assessment shall be undertaken in
accordance with ISO 2859. The results of
inspections, tests according to requirements in
Clause 6 or assessments requiring action shall be
recorded, as shall any action taken. The action to be
taken when control values or criteria are not met
shall be recorded.
8.3.2 Raw materials and components
The specifications of all incoming raw materials and
components shall be appropriate for the intended
use and shall be documented, as shall the inspection
and testing scheme for ensuring the conformity of
these materials and components."
BSI 2007

!8.3.3 Control of inspection, measuring and
test equipment
All weighing, measuring and testing equipment
used to demonstrate conformance of the product
shall be calibrated and regularly inspected
according to documented procedures, frequencies
and criteria according to Clause 6.
8.3.4 Process control
The manufacturer shall identify and plan the
production processes, which directly affects the
product characteristics and shall ensure that these
processes are carried out under controlled
conditions. Where the required product
characteristics cannot be fully verified by
subsequent inspection and testing of the product,
then the production processes shall be carried out by
operators specifically trained to undertake this
work.
8.3.5 Product inspection, testing and
evaluation
8.3.5.1 General
The manufacturer shall establish and maintain
documented procedures for in-process and final
inspection and testing according to Clause 6, as
appropriate to the product type, to ensure that the
stated values of all of the product characteristics are
maintained.
At least the following product characteristics, their
criteria and means of control shall be included in the
factory production control scheme.
8.3.5.2 Materials and construction
a) Type composition/specifications
b) Thickness
c) Dimensions
d) Finish
A suppliers declaration for material type and
properties is accepted, provided that the supplier
has an appropriate factory production control
system to ensure the adequacy, consistency and
accuracy of the material type and properties.
8.3.5.3 Insulation material
a) Specification of insulation material
b) Density value thermal conductivity
A suppliers declaration for material type and
properties is accepted, provided that the supplier
has an appropriate factory production control
system to ensure the adequacy, consistency and
accuracy of the material type and properties.
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EN 1:1998
8.3.5.4 Seals and sealant materials
a) Type Including identification or composition,
when the conformity certificate is not available
b) Dimensions
A suppliers declaration for material type and
properties is accepted, provided that the supplier
has an appropriate factory production control
system to ensure the adequacy, consistency and
accuracy of the material type and properties.
8.3.6 Manufacturing checks
8.3.6.1 Construction and dimensions
Construction and dimensions of critical parts shall
be confirmed during the manufacturing and/or on
completion as follows:
a) flue spigot;
b) flueways;
c) burner pot;
d) limiting device for combustion air;
e) limiting device for flue draught;
f) oil regulating device.
8.3.6.2 Other checks
At least the following checks shall be carried out
during the manufacturing process:
a) Sealing of components to avoid leakage;
b) Fitment of moving/interconnecting parts.
8.3.7 Non conforming products
The manufacturer shall establish and maintain
documented procedures to ensure that where the
product does not conform to the specified
requirements then it is clearly identified and its
placing on the market prevented. These procedures
shall provide for documentation and segregation of
the product, wherever practical, and for notification
to the various functions concerned. Repaired and/or
reworked product shall be re-inspected in
accordance with the inspection, testing and
evaluation plan.
8.3.8 Corrective and preventive action
The manufacturer shall establish and maintain
documented procedures for implementing corrective
and preventive action. The manufacturer shall
implement and record any changes to the
documented procedures resulting from corrective
and preventive action."
Page 18
EN 1:1998
!8.3.9 Handling, storage, packaging,
preservation and delivery
To the extent necessary to ensure conformity of the
product to the specified requirements the
manufacturer shall establish and maintain
documented procedures for handling, storage,
packaging, preservation and delivery of the finished
product following final inspection and test according
to Clause 6."
Annex A (normative)
Measuring method for determining
the smoke number
A.1 Equipment required for the determination
of the smoke number
A.1.1 Pump
A (hand) pump, by means of which 160 cm3 5 %
may be sucked in a single operation through an
effective filtering surface 6 mm in diameter (i.e.
approximately 570 cm3 5 % per cm2 of effective
filtering surface); the piston stroke of the pump
shall be around 200 mm.
The tensioning of the paper fixing device, which is
set in the specified position before the paper is
inserted, shall ensure satisfactory air-tightness for
the reheating operation intended to eliminate
humidity condensation.
The distance travelled by the gases from the
sampling point to the filtering surface shall not
exceed 40 cm, except in special chimney conditions,
which are given in the report.
A.1.2 Sampling tube
A tube with an internal diameter of 6 mm, allowing
the specifications in A.1.1 to be fulfilled.
A.1.3 Filter paper
Use a filter paper with a reflection factor
of 85 % 2,5 % determined photometrically. For this
measurement, place the filter paper on a white
surface with a reflection factor of 75 % or more.
The passage of clean air through the new filter
paper, at a flow rate of 3 dm3 per minute per cm2 of
effective filtering surface, shall give a pressure drop
of between 0,020 bar and 0,100 bar.
A.1.4 Grey scale
The grey scale consists of ten numbered grades
from 0 to 9, scaled in equal intervals from white to
dark grey. These grades comprise samples printed
or made by other means on a support made of paper
or plastic with a reflection factor of 85 % 2,5 %
determined photometrically.
The identification number of each grade is equal to
one-tenth of the reduction rate, expressed as a
percentage of the reflection of the incident light on
the corresponding sample. The number 0
corresponds to the support paper and the number 6,
for example, to a reduction rate of 60 %.
The tolerance for the deviations of the reflection
factor for each of the points on the scale should not
exceed 3 % of its value.
If the scale is protected by a transparent plastic
cover, it shall be made in such a way that the test
spot and the standard grades are observed through
the same thickness of protective material. The
grades of the scale range have a diameter of
about 20 mm and a central circular window 6 mm
in diameter.
A.2 Determination of the smoke number
Unscrew the paper fixing device, insert the filter
paper in the slot provided on the pump and screw up
the device.
The sampling may be carried out using either a
hand pump or an electro-mechanical pump. In cases
of dispute, the hand pump measurement shall
apply.
When a hand pump is used, ten suctions are to be
carried out. Each suction shall be regular and
last 2 s to 4 s. The end of the suction is reached when
the operator no longer feels the reaction of the
piston.
Withdraw the tube from the flue, unscrew the fixing
device and withdraw the filter paper with care.
Compare the test spot visually with the standard
grades by holding the band of filter paper against
the back of the standard scale. Examine the spot
through the central window of the standard grades.
Note the number of the scale whose shade is closest
to that of the test spot. For the range of the grey
scale between 0 and 4, the intermediate stages are
to be distinguished particularly carefully.
An equivalent opto-electronic method of
determining the smoke number may be used.
Annex B (normative)
Fluid method for detecting oil deriva-
tives
B.1 Equipment required for the detection of
oil derivatives
B.1.1 Pump
A (hand) pump, by means of which 160 cm3 5 %
may be sucked in a single operation through an
effective filtering surface 6 mm in diameter (i.e.
approximately 570 cm3 5 % per cm2 of effective
filtering surface); the piston stroke of the pump
shall be around 200 mm. The tensioning of the paper
fixing device, which is set in the specified position
BSI 2007

before the paper is inserted, shall ensure
satisfactory air-tightness for the reheating
operation intended to eliminate humidity
condensation. The distance travelled by the gases
from the sampling point to the filtering surface shall
not exceed 40 cm, except in special chimney
conditions, which are given in the report.
B.1.2 Sampling tube
A tube with an internal diameter of 6 mm, allowing
the specifications in B.1.1 to be fulfilled.
B.1.3 Filter paper
Use a filter paper with a reflection factor of
85 % 2,5 % determined photometrically. For this
measurement, place the filter paper on a white
surface with a reflection factor of 75 % or more.
The passage of clean air through the new filter
paper, at a flow rate of 3 dm3 per minute per cm2 of
effective filtering surface, shall give a pressure drop
of between 0,020 bar and 0,100 bar.
B.1.4 Fluid
Acetone is used as the fluid.
BSI 2007
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EN 1:1998
B.1.5 Sampling
Unscrew the paper fixing device, insert the filter in
the slot provided on the pump and screw up the
device. The sampling may be carried out using
either a hand pump or an electro-mechanical pump.
In cases of dispute, the hand pump measurement
shall apply.
When a hand pump is used, ten suctions are to be
carried out. Each suction shall be regular and
last 2 s to 4 s. The end of the suction is reached when
the operator no longer feels the reaction of the
piston.
Withdraw the tube from the flue, unscrew the fixing
device and withdraw the filter paper with care.
B.1.6 Procedure and evaluation
Directly after taking the sample, apply a fluid to the
filter paper with the soot spot, but outside of the soot
spot or immerse the strip of filter paper into the
fluid so that the surface of the fluid is approximately
10 mm below the soot spot. The fluid migrating in
the filter paper dissolves out any oil derivatives in
the soot spot. They migrate at the front of the fluid.
If oil derivatives were present in the soot spot a
yellow to brown colour will clearly be seen outside of
the soot spot area.
Oil derivatives are present in the flue gas if the flue
gas sample taken leaves a clearly recognizable
colour outside the soot spot on the filter paper in the
fluid method. A very faint colour shall be
disregarded as it can have several causes.
Page 20
EN 1:1998

1) Measuring sleeve
2) Stove
3) Test floor and walls
4) Scales
5) Soot
6) Draught
7) Temperature
8) Flue gas
9) Measuring point
Figure B.1 Arrangement of test apparatus for operational tests [diagrammatic]

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EN 1:1998

Dimensions in millimetres

Figure B.2 Arrangement of the test chimney in the test room [diagrammatic]
"

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EN 1:1998

!
Dimensions in millimetres

Key 9 Draught (measured flush at the inner surface of the test chimney)
1 Iron casing, Iron thickness 0,7 0,2 10 Temperature (measured within the gravity centre of cross-section)
2 Mineral wool insulation 11 Flue gas (CO; CO2, O2 measured within the gravity centre of cross-section)
3 Flange 5 thick 12 Measuring point (? inner diameter) u10
4 Sealing ring 13 Interchangeable connection pipes to suit various pipe diameters
5 Auxiliary air fitting ? 120
6 Sooting
7 NOx (measured within the gravity centre
of cross-section)
8 CnHm (measured within the gravity
centre of cross-section)
Figure B.3a) Test chimney, horizontal connection

"

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EN 1:1998

Dimensions in millimetres
Figure B.3b) Test chimney, vertical connection

BSI 2007
Page 24
EN 1:1998

1) Apparatus for connection

2) Centre of flue outlet
3) h W 500 mm above the height of the equipment
4) Matt black surface

NOTE The dimensions of the test apparatus should be such that the distance of 300 mm between the stove and the
wall, when using the largest stove for which the apparatus is intended, is maintained.

Figure B.4a) Test floor and walls with fittings

BSI 2007
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EN 1:1998

Dimensions in millimetres

1) Wood
2) Aluminium foil
3) Thermocouples intended to determine the maximum temperatures around the flue pipe connection

Figure B.4b) Apparatus for pipe connection

BSI 2007
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EN 1:1998

Dimensions in millimetres

1) Measurement device
2) Thermocouple
3) Wood
4) Matt black surface [front]

!NOTE The thermocouples in the floor of the test

trihydron should be designed in the same way."

Figure B.4c) Section A-A of the

test wall

BSI 2007
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EN 1:1998

Figure B.5 Mean specific heating capacity of the wet flue gas in kJ/m3 C

BSI 2007
Page 28
EN 1:1998

1) To chimney
2) Low draught condition
3) Draught regulator in closed position
4) Flue gas from appliance
5) High draft condition
6) Draught regulator in open position

Figure B.6a) Draught regulator [diagrammatic]

BSI 2007
 Page 29
EN 1:1998

1) Low draft condition

2) Combustion air limiter in open position
3) Combustion chamber
4) High draft condition
5) Combustion air limiter in closed position
6) Burner

Figure B.6b) Combustion air limiter

BSI 2007
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EN 1:1998

!Annex C (normative) C.2 General procedure

Measurement of nitrogen oxides The measurement is extractive, i.e. the test gas flow
is drawn from the measuring point by the suction
C.1 General objective and applicability pyrometer and is analysed by an arrangement of a
complete measuring system as shown in Figure C.1
These methods are intended to determine the
(example). This system is suitable for use with all
content of nitrogen oxides in flue gases from small
the analysers described in C.3.
combustion appliances. The methods are
continuous. The result obtained is expressed as
equivalents of nitrogen dioxide (NO2).

a) NO-measuring device

b) NO/NOx-measuring device
Key
1 Gas sampling probe 9 Flow meter
2 Particulate filter 10 NO-analyser
3 Heating 11 Recorder
4 Sampling line (heated if necessary) 12 Inlet for zero and calibration gas (preferable in front of the filter) to check
5 Sample cooter with condensate separator the complete system
6 Sample pump 13 Bypass for excess gas
7 Filter 14 Inlet for zero and span gas to check the analyser
8 Needle valve 15 Converter
16 NO/NOx-analyser
Figure C.1 Example of installation of measuring devices
"

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EN 1:1998

!C.3 Measuring principles of analysers The measuring range of chemoluminiscence

The following examples describe typical principles
found in existing analysers.
Chemoluminiscence method
If NO reacts with ozone (O3), NO2 is formed. Part of
the NO2 is in a photochemically excited state. When
returning to the basic state, these NO2 molecules
can radiate light in the wavelength range of 590 nm
to 3.000 nm. The intensity of this light depends on
the NO content and is influenced by the pressure
and presence of other gases. Figure C.2 shows an
example for the basic arrangement of a
chemoluminscence analyser. There are atmospheric
pressure and low pressure analysers, depending on
the pressure in the reaction chamber. Some
analysers have built-in NO2/NO converters and,
because of their structure, give signals for NO, NOx,
and NO2 either simultaneously or in sequence.
analysers used for emission measurements extends
from 10 mg/m3 to 20.000 mg/m3.
Interference due to carbon dioxide (CO2) in the
sample gas is possible, particularly in the presence
of water vapour, due to the quenching of the
chemoluminscence. The extent of the quenching
depends on the CO2 and H2O concentrations and
the type of analyser used. Any necessary corrections
shall be made to the analyser output either by
reference to correction curves supplied by the
manufacturers or by calibrating with gases
containing approximately the same concentration of
CO2 as the sample gas.
Non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) method
The most common application of the IR method are
analysers working according to the NDIR method.
Gases which consist of molecules of different atoms
absorb light of the characteristic wavelength in the
infrared spectral region.
With the NDIR method, spectral analysis of the IR
radiation is omitted and the total absorption of the
NO molecule at max = 1.876 cm-1 (= 5,3 4m) is used
for the measurement.
Figure C.3 shows an example of a typical NDIR
analyser."

Key
1 Sample inlet 9 Electronics
2 Sample pump 10 Oxygen inlet
3 Magnetic valve 11 Pressure regulator
4 NOx: NO converter 12 Ozone regulator
5 Flow regulator 13 Ozone filter
6 Pressure regulator 14 Signal
7 Reaction camber 15 Bypass
8 Photomultiplier

Figure C.2 Example of an arrangement of a chemoluminescence analyser

BSI 2007
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EN 1:1998

Key
1 Light source 5 Reference cell
2 Chopper motor 6 Detector
3 Copper wheel 7 Electronics
4 Measuring cell 8 Signal

Figure C.3 Example of a NDIR analyser

The radiation emitted from the IR source is divided D.2 General procedure
into two beams and then modulated, one beam
The measurement is extractive, i.e. the test gas flow
passing through the measuring cell and the other
is drawn from the measuring point and is analysed
through the reference cell containing an IR inactive
in a freestanding instrument. The measuring point
gas, usually nitrogen. If the sample gas contains
shall be in the centre of the flue gas pipe and be
NO, some of the IR energy is absorbed and the
placed three diameters after the flue gas outlet of
difference in IR energy reaching the detector is
the appliance. If there is a damper or any other
proportional to the amount of NO present. The
device which will give rise to inhomogenities in the
detector is designed so that it is only sensitive to the
flow the measuring point shall be moved to a
NO-specific wavelengths.
position where the flow is homogenous. The
A special arrangement of the NDIR method is the measuring system shall be heated to 195 C.
gas filter correlation method.
D.3 Equipment
Interference is possible, particularly with water
vapour. The measuring system consists of the following
components:
Other methods Instrument with flame ionisation detector,
Beside the two methods mentioned above there are FID. Measuring range, usually between 010
the Non-dispersive ultraviolet (NDUV) method and and 0100 000 ppm. The instrument shall be
the Nonextractive (in situ) method. These methods equipped with a heated filter.
are described in detail in ISO 10849. Gas probe with a filter for particulates. The
probe shall consist of a suitable material, such as
Annex D (normative) corrosion resistant steel. The filter shall be heated
so that condensation is avoided. This requires a
Measurement of total hydrocarbons temperature in the filter of 195 C.
(THC) Sample line. The sample line shall be heated to
the same temperature as the filter. The inner line
D.1 General objective and applicability shall be of PTFE and be exchangeable. The
This method is intended to determine the total sample line shall be as short as possible."
hydrocarbon content in flue gases from appliances
burning solid fuels. The method uses an instrument
equipped with a flame ionisation detector (FID). The
measurement is continuous. The result obtained is
expressed as equivalents of a reference substance,
usually methane or propane. The measurement
concerns only the total hydrocarbon content and
does not give any information of separate
constituents.

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EN 1:1998

!Annex
ZA (informative)
Relationship between this European Standard and the Essential Requirements
of EU Directive 89/106/EEC, EU Construction Products Directive
ZA.1 Scope and relevant characteristics
This European Standard has been prepared under Mandate M/129 Space heating appliances given to
CEN by the European Commission and the European Free Trade Association.
The clauses of this European Standard shown in this annex meet the requirements of the Mandate given
under the EU Construction Products Directive (89/106/EEC).
Compliance with these clauses confers a presumption of fitness of the construction products covered by this
annex for their intended uses indicated herein. reference shall be made to the information accompanying
the CE marking.
WARNING: Other requirements and other EU Directives, not affecting the fitness for intended use can be
applicable to the construction products falling within the scope of this standard.
NOTE 1 In addition to any specific clauses relating to dangerous substances contained in this standard, there may be other
requirements applicable to the products falling within its scope (e.g. transposed European legislation and national laws, regulations
and administrative provisions). In order to meet the provisions of the EU Construction Products Directive, these requirements need
also to be complied with, when and where they apply.
NOTE 2 An informative database of European and national provisions on dangerous substances is available at the Construction web
site on EUROPA (accessed through http://europa.eu.int/comm/enterprise/construction/internal/ dangsub/dangmain.htm).
This annex has the same scope as Clause 1 of this standard. It establishes the conditions for the CE
marking of oil stoves including open fires intended for the use indicated below and the relevant clauses
applicable (see Table ZA.1).
Construction Product: Oil stove with vaporizing burner mounted to a chimney.
Intended uses: Space heating in buildings
Table ZA.1 Relevant Clauses
Essential Characteristics Requirement clauses in this EN Notes
Fire safety 4.3, 4.5, 4.7, 4.10, 4.12, 4.16, 5.6, 5.8, Limit values
5.9, 5.10, 5.12

4.2, 4.8, 4.9, 4.13, 4.17, 7.2 Product quality

Release of dangerous gases; 4.10, 4.12, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8 Limit values

dangerous substances or gases in 4.2, 4.3, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 4.13, 4.17, 7.2 Product quality
the air
4.14, 7.1 General requirements

6.5.3 Test procedure

Surface temperature 4.2, 4.3, 5.8, 5.9, 5.10, 5.11 Limit values

Electrical safety 5.12 General requirements

Cleanability 4.17 Product quality

Flue gas temperature 5.6 Limit values

4.2
Mechanical resistance Product quality
Rated thermal output 4.1, 4.15, 4.17, 5.12, 7.2 Product quality

5.4, 5.6 Limit values

7.1 General requirements

Durability 4.2
"

BSI 2007
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EN 1:1998

!The requirement on a certain characteristic is not applicable in those Member States where there are
no regulatory requirements on that characteristic for the intended end use of the product. In this case,
manufacturers placing their products on the market of these Member States are not obliged to determine
nor declare the performance of their products with regard to this characteristic and the option No
performance determined (NPD) in the information accompanying the CE marking (see Clause ZA.3) may
be used. The NPD option may not be used, however, where the characteristic is subject to a threshold level.
ZA.2 Procedure for the attestation of conformity of oil stoves
ZA.2.1 System of attestation of conformity
The system of attestation of conformity of fuel oil stoves indicated in Table ZA.1, in accordance with the
decision of the Commission 99/471 of 1999-09-17 amended by 01/596/EC and as given in Annex III of the
mandate for flued oil stove, is shown in Table ZA.2 for the indicated intended use(s) and relevant level(s)
and class(es).
Table ZA.2 Attestation of conformity systems
Attestation of conformity
Product Intended use Level(s) or class(es)
system
Space heating appliances Space heating in See Table ZA.1 3
burning liquid fuel buildings
System 3: See Directive 89/106/EEC (CPD) Annex III.2.(ii), Second possibility

The attestation of conformity of the oil stoves in Table ZA.1 shall be according to the evaluation of
conformity procedures indicated in Table ZA.3 resulting from the application of the clauses of this
European Standard indicated therein.
Table ZA.3 Assignment of evaluation of conformity tasks (for system 3)
Evaluation of conformity
Tasks Content of the task
clauses to apply
Factory production Parameters related to all relevant
Tasks under control (F.P.C) characteristics of Table ZA.1 8.3
responsibility for Initial type testing by the All other relevant characteristics of
the manufacturer Table ZA.1 other than those shown 8.2
manufacturer below
Fire safety

Emission of combustion products

Tasks under
responsibility for Initial type testing by a Surface temperature 8.2
the notified test laboratory
manufacturer Thermal output/Energy efficiency

Release of dangerous substance

ZA.2.2 Declaration of conformity

When compliance with this annex is achieved, the manufacturer or his agent established in the EEA, shall
prepare and retain a declaration of conformity, which entitles the manufacturer to affix the CE marking.
This declaration shall include:
name and address of the manufacturer, or his authorised representative established in the EEA, and
place of production,
description of the product (type, identification, use, ...), and a copy of the information accompanying
the CE marking,
provisions to which the product conforms (e.g. Annex ZA of this EN),
particular conditions applicable to the use of the product,
name and address (or identification number) of the notified laboratory(ies),
name of, and position held by, the person empowered to sign the declaration on behalf of the
manufacturer or his authorised representative.
The declaration shall be presented in the language(s) of the Member State of use of the product."

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EN 1:1998

!ZA.3 CE Marking and labelling

The manufacturer or his authorised representative established within the EEA is responsible for the
affixing of the CE marking. The CE marking symbol shall be in accordance with Directive 93/68/EEC and
shall be shown on the flued oil stove (or when not possible it may be on the accompanying label, the
packaging or on the accompanying commercial documents e.g. a delivery note). The following information
and characteristics shall accompany the CE marking symbol:
name and address of the manufacturer
NOTE 1 The manufacturer may also be the person responsible for placing the product onto the EEA market, if he takes
responsibility for CE marking.
last two digits of the year of CE marking
NOTE 2 Where some of the information required for the Declaration is already given in the CE marking information, it does not
need to be repeated.
number of this standard (EN 1)
product name and type
recommended fuel type (or types)
distance to adjacent combustible materials
emission of combustion products (Appliance class according to Table 1)
flue gas temperature
thermal output
energy efficiency (Appliance class according to Table 1)
The NPD (No performance determined) option shall not be used where the characteristic is subject to a
threshold level. Otherwise, the NPD option may be used when and where the characteristic, for a given
intended use, is not subject to regulatory requirements.
Figure ZA.1 gives an example of the information to be given on the accompanying commercial
documents."

BSI 2007
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EN 1:1998

CE conformity marking, consisting of the CE-

symbol given in Directive 93/68/EEC.

AnyCo Ltd, P.O. Box 21, B 1050

Name or identifying mark and registered address
of the producer

07
Last two digits of the year in which the marking
was affixed

EN 1 Flued oil stoves with vaporizing burners, intended to be

No. of European Standard
used as space heater burning oil
Description of product
Type: 01
Information on regulated characteristics
Distance to combustible materials: 140 cm

appliance class: class 2

Thermal output: 4,5 kW

Kind of fuel: gas oil

Electrical safety: pass

Figure ZA.1 Example CE marking information

In addition to any specific information relating to dangerous substances shown above, the product should
also be accompanied, when and where required and in the appropriate form, by documentation listing any
other legislation on dangerous substances for which compliance is claimed, together with any information
required by that legislation.
NOTE 1 European legislation without national derogations need not be mentioned.
NOTE 2 Affixing the CE marking symbol means, if a product is subject to more than one directive that it complies with all applicable
directives."

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EN 1:1998

!Bibliography

[1] EN ISO 9001, Quality management systems

Requirements (ISO 9001:2000)"

BSI 2007
BS EN 1:1998

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