Sea

- How pressure changes with depth

- How salinity changes water pressure

Sea life

- How can they live there?

- The food chain starts from

Ocean

- Ocean currents (temperature and salinity)

- Climate

At sea level, the air presses down at 1 bar (14.5 pounds per square inch. When Divers dive down into the ocean
even a few feet, though, and a noticeable change occurs. They can feel an increase of pressure on their eardrums.
This is due to an increase in hydrostatic pressure, the force per unit area exerted by a liquid on an object.

The deeper they go under the sea, the greater the pressure of the water pushing down on them. For every 33 feet
(10.06 meters) down, the pressure increases by 1 bar (14.5 psi). In the deepest ocean, the pressure is equivalent to
the weight of an elephant balanced on a postage stamp, or the equivalent of one person trying to support 50 jumbo
jets!

Many animals that live in the sea have no trouble at all with high pressure. Diving to depth can result in mechanical
distortion and tissue compression, especially in gas-filled spaces in the body. Such spaces include the middle ear
cavity, air sinuses in the head, and the lungs. Development of even small pressure differentials between an air
cavity and its surrounding tissue can result in tissue distortion. Therefore, species have developed the middle ear
cavity is lined with an extensive venous plexus, which is postulated to become engorged at depth and thus reduce
or obliterate the air space and prevent development of pressure difference.

Their lungs collapse while they are in deep sea as the lungs can get crushed under huge pressure. As their lungs get
collapsed, to keep oxygen flowing and to keep body working they have mass specific blood volumes four to five
times more than terrestrial animals. (200 ml to 250 ml of blood per kg body mass ), they have a high concenteration
of haemoglobin in their bloods, there is a huge amounts of myoglobin (oxygen storage bodies) in their muscles.

Currents are a measure of the movement, or circulation, of ocean waters. Ocean currents carry water over long distances. Ocean
currents flow because of the difference in pressures in the different parts of the ocean which is caused by difference in temperature,
salinity, density of water, etc.
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