TRNG I HC BCH KHOA TPHCM

KHOA MI TRNG V TI NGUYN

BO CO TH NGHIM
MN K THUT X L NC CP

GVHD : Th.S TRN TH PHI OANH

Thy LM PHM THANH HIN

SINH VIN: V TRNG GIANG

MSSV : 1510588

Thnh ph H Ch Minh, ngy 12 thng 11 nm 2017

 BI 2: TRAO I ION

1. MC CH
- Gip sinh vin nm vng kin thc hc mn l thuyt cc qu trnh ha hc v
qu trnh trao i v kh ion.
- Phn tch s bin i pH trong qu trnh trao i ion.
- Nghin cu qu trnh trao i ion theo chiu dy lp nha trao i ion.
- Xc nh dung lng trao i lm vic ca nha trao i ion.
- Xc nh hiu qu ion ca nha anio kanion v hn hp nha.
2. C S L THUYT
kh i cc tp cht trng thi ion trong nc, phng php c dng nhiu
nht l trao i ion. Phng php ny c th kh tng i trit cc tp cht
trng thi ion trong nc. Cht lng nc thu c cn tt hn nc ct. V vy,
y l mt giai on x l nc rt cn thit cp nc cho mc ch sinh hot, n
ung, cho sn xut v cho cc l hi cc nh my in Ngi ta s dng nha
trao i ion trong x l nc cp ch yu nhm 2 mc ch : kh cng v kh
khong. Kh cng nhm loi b cc ion Mg2+, Ca2+. Kh khong nhm loi b hu
ht tt c cc ion c trong nc.
Kh cng: cho nc cn x l chy qua ct nha cation dng Rna
2RNa + CaSO4 R2Ca + Na2SO4
2RNa + MgSO4 R2Mg + Na2SO4
khi lp nha cation mt hiu lc, ngi ta ti sinh bng mui n NaCl
R2Ca + 2NaCl 2RNa + CaCl2
R2Mg + 2NaCl 2RNa + MgCl2
Kh khong: cho nc cn x l chy qua ct nha cation v nha anion
ring r hay qua mt ct kt hp c nha cation v nha anion.
RSO3H + NaCl RSO3Na + HCl
2RSO3H + Na2SO4 RSO3Na + H2SO4
RSO3H + NaHCO3 RSO3Na + H2O + CO2
2RSO3H + Na2CO3 2RSO3Na + H2O + CO2
ROH + HCl RCl + H2O
2ROH + H2SO4 R2SO4 + H2O
Khi lp nha cation v anion mt hiu lc, ngi ta ti sinh bng dung dch HCl
v dung dch NaOH nh sau :
RSO3Na + HCl RSO3H + H2O + NaCl
RCl + NaOH ROH + NaCl
3. QUY TRNH TH NGHIM
Chun b mu:
Tnh ton lng CaCl2 v MgSO4.7H2O vi nng 60mg/L pha bng bnh 30L:
Khi lng ca MgSO4 :
60
m(MgSO4.7H2O) = . 30.246 = 18450 = 8.45
24
Khi lng ca CaCl2 :
60
m(CaCl2) = . 30.111 = 4995 mg = 4,995 g
40
Khi lng cc ion u vo
18,45
Khi lng ca Mg2+ : . 24 = 1,8
246
18,45
Khi lng SO4 : .96=7,2 g
246
4,995
Khi lng Cl- : .35,5 = 1,5975 g
111
4,995
Khi lng Ca2+: . 40 = 1,8 g
111

Quy trnh th nghim:

- Cho dng gi thi ch chy qua thp cation trong 15 pht ly mu (M1).
- Sau cho dng gi thi ch chy qua thp anion trong 15 pht ly mu
(M2).
- Cho mu chy qua c hai thp ly cc mu (M3.1), (M3.2), (M3.3) ln lt
ti cc thi im 15 pht, 30 pht, 45 pht k t khi cho mu chy qua c
hai thp.
- Ly cc mu xc nh pH trc.
- Ly mu xc nh cc ch tiu sau: Cl-, Cng tng, Ca2+, SO42-.
- Cc bc thc hin xc nh cc ch tiu trn:
Phn tch Chloride:

Ht 25ml mu
(a v pH>7)

Cho thm 3 git K2CrO4

Chun bng AgNO3 0.01N

(xanh sang gch)
 cng tng:

Ht 25ml mu

Cho thm 1ml dung dch m

Cho vo vi ht EBT

Chun bng EDTA 0.01N

( sang tm-xanh)

Chun canxi:

Ht 25ml mu

Cho thm 1ml NaOH 1N

Cho vo vi ht Murexit

Chun bng EDTA 0.01N

(hng sang xanh)
 Chun SO42-:

Ht 25ml mu

Cho thm 5ml m

Cho thm 0.5g BaCl2

nh mc 100ml

em i o hp thu quang ph

4. KT QU V TNH TON
Chloride :
()
Clorine (mg/l) =

Trong :
- V1 th tch AgNO3 dng nh phn mu
- Vo th tch dd AgNO3 dng nh phn mu trng = 0,9ml
- Vm th tch ban u (25ml)
Bng kt qu:
STT AgNO3 C
(ml) (mg/l)
Cation 1 1.5 12
Anion 2 1.5 12
3 1.8 18
Cation+Anion 4 1.9 20
5 1.9 20
u vo 1.4 10

o Nhn xt:
- Nng thp <250 (mg/l) ph hp vi (TCVN 5502 : 2003)
 - Nng Chloride tng qua cc ct, ngc li vi l thuyt (qua
anion cc ion m s gim)
- Hiu qu x l ct anion km, c hiu sut m sai st do
qu trnh th nghim, chun .

cng tng :

cng tng (mgCaCO3/l) =

Trong :

- V1 th tch EDTA chun (ml)

- CEDTA nng mol ca dung dch EDTA (M)
- Vmu th tch dung dch mu (ml)
Bng kt qu:
STT EDTA C
(ml) (mg/l)
Cation 1 5.5 220
Anion 2 19 760
3 7 280
Cation+Anion 4 9 360
5 9.5 380
u vo 19 760

o Nhn xt:
- Nng cng tng u vo kh cao 760mg/l > 300mg/l (TCVN 5502 : 2003)
- Nng cng tng qua x l ct cation (mu 1, 3, 4, 5) gim ng k, tuy
nhin ch c mu 1 v mu 3 t (TCVN 5502 : 2003)
- Nng cng tng ct anion khng c g thay i ng vi l thuyt
=> s liu hp l, m hnh hot ng tt, thao tc chun xc.

Canxi:
,
Canxi (mg/l) =

Trong :
- VEDTA th tch EDTA chun (ml)
- CEDTA nng mol ca dung dch EDTA -0,01M
- Vmu th tch dung dch mu (25ml)

Bng kt qu:

STT EDTA C
(ml) (mg/l)
 Cation 1 2.0 32.064
Anion 2 3.2 51.302
3 1.6 25.651
Cation+Anion 4 0.1 1.603
5 0 0
u vo 2.6 41.683

o Nhn xt:
- Nng Ca2+ u vo kh thp, sau khi x l qua ct cation (mu 1, 3, 4, 5)
nng Ca2+ gim dn theo thi gian.
- Nng Ca2+ qua ct anion tng, c th do trong ct anion cn c cc ion
Ca2+ d cha x ht.
- Qua ct cation+anion theo 15p, 30p, 45p c s chnh lch ln (25.651mg/l,
1.603mg/l, 0mg/l).
- hiu qu x l tng dn theo thi gian.

SO42-:
Bng s liu ng chun:
V(ml) SO4 chun 0 3 6 9 12 15
100mg/l
V nc ml 25 22 19 16 13 10
V dd m ml 5 5 5 5 5 5
BaCl2 (g) 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
C (mg/l) 0 12 24 36 48 60
Abs 0 0,169 0,393 0,691 0,962 1,173
 Ta c ng chun: y = 0.0203x 0.0455
Trong : x l nng C (mg/l)
y l Abs
STT Abs C
(mg/l)
Cation 1 0.603 31.94
Anion 2 0.210 12.59
3 0.125 8.40
Cation+Anion 4 0.074 5.89
5 0.003 2.39
u vo 0.64 33.77

o Nhn xt :
- Nng SO42+ ti cc mu u ra v u vo u t QCVN 01:2009 BYT
(<250mg/l)
- Hiu qu x l t c khi nc i qua ct anion (mu 2, 3, 4, 5) v tng dn
theo thi gian.

pH:

STT pH

Cation 1 3
Anion 2 6
3 6
Cation+Anion 4 6
5 6
u vo 6

o Nhn xt :
- u vo pH=6 t tiu chun TCVN 5502 :2003 (pH 6-8.5)
- pH sau khi qua ct cation gim xung cn 3, v trong qu trnh phn ng th,
ion Na+ b y ra khi phn t H+ lm cho pH thp hn so vi ban u.
- pH qua ct anion tng ln 6 l do nc i qua ct nha c cha cc ion OH-
(loi b cc anion), cn li cc cation lm pH ca nc tng ln nhng khng
ln hn pH nc u vo.

5. TR LI CU HI
Cu 1 : Gii thch s chnh lch gi tr pH gia cc ct v s thay i pH trong
qu trnh trao i ion.
- Nc chy qua cc ct trao i vi nha cha H+ (s loi b cation v
trong qu trnh phn ng th trao i ca H+ thp hn so vi Na nn b
y ra khi phn t to thnh ion H+) lm pH gim, nc qua ct nha
cha OH- (loi b cc anion OH- trong nc b y ra khi phn t nc
do th trao i ca OH- thp hn phn t trong Anion, pH tng ln cao
nh vy l do Anion u vo l rt cao) lm pH tng.

Cu 2: Nhn xt i lc trao i ca cc ion

- T cc tnh ton v bng s liu trn ta thy c hiu sut x l cc ct

trao i ion Cation kh cao i lc trao i ion cation cao, cn Anion
kh thp v c du hiu khng hot ng (c th do cc ht nha trao i
ion ct Anion hot ng khng tt) i lc trao i ion anion thp

Cu 3: Nhim v ca em trong bi th nghim l g? Em hc hi c g

qua nhim v c phn cng.

Nhim v ca em trong bi th nghim:

Tnh ton lng mu bi yu cu, cn, ha cht, o pH
Vn hnh my
Tnh ton kt qu
=> Qua nhim v c giao em bit cch vn hnh thit b, nguyn l
hot ng v ni dung tnh cht ca bi th nghim. Hc hi c cch
ng ph khi thit b gp trc trc, hiu c cc nguyn nhn dn n sai
s kt qu.