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TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK C quan: B Giao thng Vn ti
Thi gian k: 20.05.2014
08:39:48 +07:00

TCCS TIU CHUN C S

TCCS 17:2014/CHK
Xut bn ln 1

NH GA HNH KHCH HNG KHNG

YU CU CHUNG V THIT K
Standard of Passenger Terminal Design

General requirement in Design

H NI 2014

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Mc Lc

Li ni u....4
1. Phm vi p dng ..5
2. Mt s cc nh ngha, thut ng, t ng thng dng.....6
3. Mt s t ng vit tt...8
4. Mt s k hiu thng dng trong nh ga....8

Phn 1: Cc khi nim chung

1. Phn loi nh ga hnh khch hng khng12
2. Nhng c s thit k nh ga hnh khch hng khng.18
3. Cc khu vc chc nng quan trng to thnh cu trc nh ga.....22

Phn 2: Nhng quy nh, cn c tnh ton v phng php tnh ton thit k nh ga hnh
khch hng khng 38
4. Quy nh chung v Quy hoch cng hng khng Sn bay....38
5. Tiu chun v quy hoch xy dng 40
6. Yu cu i vi cng tc Quy hoch Cng Hng khng Sn bay...41
7. Cc yu cu k thut i vi Quy hoch Cng Hng khng Sn bay...42
8. Tiu chun chung v xy dng cng trnh nh ga Hng khng....43
9. Yu cu v ngoi tht nh ga49
10. Yu cu v khu t xy dng...49
11. Cc cn c tnh ton.51
12. Cc c s thit k nh ga..56
13. Nhng im quan trng cn cn nhc khi thit k.57
14. Tnh ton cng sut ca nh ga...58
15. Tnh ton 1 s thng s quan trng trong nh ga..59

Phn 3: Cc tiu chun v k thut trong thit k nh ga67

16. Quy nh v chiu sng..67
17. Quy nh v thng gi v vi kh hu.67
18. Quy nh v mi trng cnh quan69
19. Quy nh v trang thit b ti thiu..70
20. Quy nh v bo v khi ng, x v va p trong nh ga hnh khch hng khng..71
21. Quy nh v an ton s dng knh...77
22. Quy nh v h thng in.79
23. Quy nh v h thng cp nc.80
24. Quy nh v h thng thot nc v x l nc thi.80
25. Quy nh v phng chy cha chy..81
26. Quy nh v h thng chng st...81

Phn 4: Cc yu t lin quan n nh ga hnh khch hng khng..82

27. Quy nh cho h thng sn v cng trnh c lin quan...82

28. Quy nh cho cc thit b c bit lin quan n nh ga..86

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Li ni u
Tiu chun TCCS17 : 2014/CHK Nh ga hnh khch hng khng
Yu cu chung v thit k gm 4 phn:
Phn 1: Cc khi nim chung;
Phn 2: Nhng quy nh, cn c tnh ton v phng php tnh
ton thit k nh ga hnh khch hng khng;
Phn 3: Cc tiu chun v k thut trong thit k nh ga hnh khch
hng khng;
Phn 4: Cc yu t lin quan n nh ga hnh khch hng khng.
TCCS17 : 2014/CHK do Cc Hng khng Vit Nam thm nh v cng b theo Quyt nh s
742/Q-CHK ngy 15 thng 5 nm 2014.

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TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

Tiu chun thit k Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng

Yu cu chung v thit k
Standard of Passenger Terminal Design General requirement in design

1 Phm vi p dng
1.1 Tiu chun ny c xy dng lm ti liu v k thut cho cc t chc hoc c nhn lm
cng tc t vn thit k trong lnh vc xy dng mi, nng cp, ci to, m rng hoc sa cha nh
ga Hng khng; bn cnh n cn phc v cho cng tc qun l u t xy dng, cng tc iu
hnh, khai thc nh ga hnh khch Hng khng ti cc Cng Hng khng-SN BAY trn lnh th Vit
Nam.
1.2 Tiu chun ny p dng cho nh ga Hng khng quc t v nh ga ny bao gm c phc
v cc chuyn bay ni a nn vn p ng tham kho cho vic thit k nh ga Hng khng ni a
cn cc loi nh ga khc nh: nh ga hng ha, nh ga trung chuyns c xy dng trong cc
tiu chun khc.
1.3 Tiu chun ny cp n nhng vn thuc quy trnh, yu cu chung thit k mt nh
ga hnh khch nh: 1 s vn v quy hoch cng hng khng lin quan n nh ga Hng khng,
mi lin h gia cc cng trnh trong cng hng khng, b tr mt bng chung nh ga Hng khng; tiu
chun v cp dch v trong nh ga hng khng; tnh ton cng sut nh ga, cc tiu chun v din
tch, khng gian cn thit cho nhng khu vc chc nng chnh, nhng s lng cc trang thit b thit
yu trong nh ga, cc yu cu v k thut trong nh ga.
Nhng vn c tnh ton, cn nhc ph hp vi tng thit k; s nh gi, phn
tch cc d liu; cc phng php so snh v xc nh mang tnh nh hng bi n khng ch l c
s rt quan trng m cn khng th khng thc hin trc khi bc vo thc hin nhng tnh ton c
th trong cng tc thit k nh ga Hng khng.
1.4 Nhng ni dung ca tiu chun ny khng bao gm ton b tt c cc vn thit k mt
nh ga hnh khch Hng khng. V k thut, Tiu chun ny ch cp n mt s nhng yu cu
chnh ch khng bao gm tt c cc yu cu k thut chi tit khc cho nh ga Hng khng, ng thi
n c tham chiu s dng cng vi nhng tiu chun khc c lin quan. Nhng yu cu v k thut
khc khng nm trong tiu chun ny s tham kho nhng tiu chun tng ng.
1.5 Tiu chun ny khng bt buc p dng cho nhng trng hp u t xy dng nh ga
Hng khng loi c bit do Chnh ph quy nh.

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2 Mt s nh ngha, thut ng v t ng thng dng

2.1 M hiu sn bay (Aerodrome Reference Code):
L m chun sn bay c nh gi theo cc tiu ch quy nh trong Ph c s 14 (Annex 14)
ca ICAO.
2.2 im quy chiu sn bay (Aerodrome Reference Point):
L im nh du v tr a l ca sn bay.
2.3 Khu bay (Airfield):
L phn sn bay dng cho tu bay ct cnh, h cnh v ln bao gm c khu ct h cnh v cc
sn tu bay.
2.4 Sn tu bay (Apron):
L khu vc c xc nh trong sn bay dnh cho tu bay phc v hnh khch ln, xung;
xp, d hnh l, th, bu phm, bu kin, hng ha; tip nhin liu; cung ng sut n; phc v k
thut hoc bo dng tu bay.
2.5 ng ct h cnh (Runway):
L mt khu vc hnh ch nht c xc nh trn mt t ti khu bay dng cho tu bay ct v h
cnh. ng ny cn c gi l ng bng.
2.6 Nh ga Hnh khch hng khng (passenger terminal):
L cng trnh dn dng phc v qu trnh vn chuyn hnh khch v hnh l mang theo i li
bng ng Hng khng an ton thun tin.
2.7 Nh ga Hnh khch quc t (International passenger terminal):
L nhng Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng c chc nng thc hin cc chuyn bay gia cc
quc gia, cc vng lnh th khc nhau.
2.8 Nh ga Hnh khch ni a (Domestic terminal):
L nhng Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng ch thc hin cc chuyn bay trong cng lnh th ca
1 quc gia nht nh (hay ni khc i l khng c chc nng thc hin cc chuyn bay quc t).
2.9 Nh ga Hnh khch i (Depature terminal):
L nh ga hoc nhng khu vc trong nh ga dnh cho hnh khch chun b thc hin chuyn
bay i t a im ny n a im khc.
2.10 Nh ga Hnh khch n (Arrival terminal):
L nh ga hoc nhng khu vc trong nh ga dnh cho hnh khch thc hin xong chuyn
bay t a im khc ti a im my bay cn bay n.
2.11 Hnh khch i (Depature passenger):
L nhng hnh khch i n nh ga thc hin chuyn bay ca mnh ti mt a im khc.
2.12 Hnh khch n (Arrival passenger):
L nhng hnh khch thc hin xong chuyn bay xung nh ga t i phng tin
ng b n a im h cn n.
2.13 Hnh khch chuyn tip (Transfer passenger):
(Hnh khch quc t chuyn tip kt ni vi chuyn bay trong nc)

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Hnh khch n t nc ngoi c th chu kim sot th thc v h chiu nhp cnh ti snh n
trc khi tin hnh kt ni vi cc chuyn bay trong nc ca h. Sau hnh khch i n nh ga
ni a v hon tt th tc chuyn giao ca h trong phng khch c lin quan bng cch trnh th ln
my bay c pht hnh ti nc xut x. (trong trng hp nu khng c th ln my bay ti sn
bay nc xut x th hnh khch phi lm th tc check-in ti cc ga ni a).
Nu cuc hnh trnh ca hnh khch vn tip tc trn mt hng hng khng hay cc hng khc
nhau, hy m bo hnh khch c thng tin lin quan v h yu cu hng m nhn vn chuyn
hnh l ca h v kim tra v. Theo th tc th mt s hng hng khng chuyn hnh l t ng trn
cc chuyn bay kt ni. Do , hnh khch khng phi chuyn hnh l ca h gia cc chuyn bay.
Tuy nhin hy m bo rng hnh l ca h c dn nhn cho n khi im n cui cng m
bo n khng khng b rt li trong nh ga.
2.14 Hnh khch qu cnh (Transit passenger):
C 3 trng hp hnh khch qu cnh nh sau:
2.14.1 Chuyn hnh khch trong nc kt ni vi mt chuyn bay quc t:
Hnh khch n trn mt chuyn bay trong nc tip tc bay ra nc ngoi ti nh ga hnh
khch quc t, h hon thin th tc qu cnh ca mnh bng cch thng qua vic kim sot h chiu
vi th ni tr pht hnh ti nc xut x v i vo phng c lin quan. Nu khng c cp th ln
my bay th hnh khch phi lm th tc check-in ti quy quc t. Hy m bo rng hnh l ca
hnh khch c dn nhn cho n khi im n cui cng m bo n khng b rt li trong nh
ga.
2.14.2 Chuyn hnh khch ni a kt ni vi chuyn bay trong nc:
Nu mt hnh khch n trn mt chuyn bay ni a v kt ni vi mt chuyn bay trong nc,
h s tin hnh cc th tc trong khu ring bit ti nh ga ni a, sau vo phng c lin quan v
c cung cp mt th ln my bay cho ton b hnh trnh v hnh l c kim tra cho n im n
cui cng. (Nu hnh l khng c kim tra v hnh khch y khng th ln my bay th h phi thc
hin lm th tc check-in trong snh i.
2.14.3 Hnh khch tip tc cuc hnh trnh ca h trn cng chuyn bay:
Thi gian chuyn bay l qu di, c hai loi hnh khch qu cnh quc t v ni a c cp
mt th qu cnh v a n khu vc qu cnh. H c a tr li trn my bay cng mt ln tip
nhin liu hoc cc th tc bo tr y . Nu thi gian ch i trn sn khng di th cc hnh
khch phi li trn my bay (tip nhin liu c thc hin trong khi hnh khch ch i trn tu v
hnh l vn cn trong my bay trong cc chuyn bay qu cnh).
2.15 Hnh khch quan trng (VIP or CIP):
L nhng hnh khch c bit c quy nh bi chc v (theo quy nh ca Nh nc), bi
tnh cht cng vic (thng gia) hoc mua v hng sang (nhiu tin hn v thng).
2.16 Hnh l xch tay (Hand-luggages hoc hand-baggage):
L ton b hnh l ca hnh khch uc xch tay mang theo ngi cng thc hin chuyn
bay.

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2.17 Th tc hi quan (Customs formalities):

Thc hin nhng cng vic kim tra hnh l ca hnh khch thc hin chuyn bay bng my soi
chiu hoc kim tra trc tip khi pht hin c vn .
2.18 Th tc bay (Check-in):
L qu trnh hnh khch lm cc th tc (kim tra v - h chiu - ch t, gi hnh l, nhn th
ln my bay) i vi Hng Hng khng ti cc quy trong nh ga thc hin chuyn bay.

3 Mt s t ng vit tt
3.1 MSL (Mean Sea Level): Mc nc bin trung bnh
3.2 CHC (Run way): ng ct h cnh (ng bng)
3.3 OLS (Obstacle Limitation Surface): B mt gii hn cc chng ngi vt
3.4 CAT (Category): Phn cp (hng) cng hng khng theo tiu chun ca ICAO
3.5 UTC (Coordinates Time Universal): H ta gi quc t
3.6 AIP (Aeronautical Information Publication): Thng bo tin tc hng khng
3.7 WGS (World Geodetic System): H thng ta ton cu
3.8 ILS (Instrument Landing System): H thng h cnh bng thit b.
3.9 DME (Distance Measuring Equipment): Thit b o khong cch.

4 Mt s k hiu thng dng trong nh ga

Hiu thuc Cp cu (s cu) Dnh ring cho tr em

(pharmacy) (first aid) (nursery)

Ung nc V sinh nam V sinh n

(drinking waters) (men toilet) (ladies toilet)

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V sinh Thang my Hnh khch i b

(toilets) (elevators) (foot passengers)

t Ct gi hnh l Gi hnh l c kho

(cars) (baggage store) (baggage lockers)

Cm vo Cm ht thuc Cm v kh
(no entry) (no smoking) (no weapons)

Dnh cho ngi tn tt Ni thay t tr em My bay trc thng

(disabled access) (baby change) (helicopters)

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Tu ho Xe but Ni thu xe t
(trains) (buses) (Car rental)

My bay n My bay i Ni chuyn

(arrivals) (departures) (connecting flights)

t dch v Ca hng Cph Ca hng n

(taxis) (coffee shop) (restaurant)

Tin ch ngn hng Tin ch bu in in tn & fax

(banking facility) (postal facility) (cables & faxes)

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in thoi Tht lc v tm thy Qun ru

(telephones) (lost & found) (bar)

Khu ca hng Gii p thng tin t trc khch sn

(shopping area) (informations) (hotel reservations)

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Phn 1: Cc khi nim chung

1. Phn loi nh ga hnh khch hng khng
Nh ga hnh khch Hng khng c phn loi theo 3 yu t nh sau:
- Phn loi theo hnh dng
- Phn loi theo cao trnh
- Phn loi theo chc nng s dng.

1.1 Theo hnh dng

1.1.1 Loi tp trung (hp khi):
1.1.1.1 Dng Cu tu/Phn nhnh
Dng cu tu (hay cn gi l phn nhnh)
bao gm khu chnh tp trung dnh cho hnh
khch lm th tc, khu x l hnh l v nhng
nhnh ph nh (airside concourses) dn hnh
khch ra my bay.
Khu vc chnh ca nh ga l mt khu ln
hoc bao gm mt s khu vc nh hn; khu vc
nh hn thng dng hnh thc bn tp trung.
Tt c hnh khch v hnh l i u bt u
lm th tc - x l hnh l ti khu vc trung tm
trong nh ga v phn trung tm ny c ni ti v
tr cc my bay bng cc nhnh nh
(ging nh nhng cu tu). Hnh 1.1 - Dng Cu tu/Phn nhnh
Trong nhng nhnh nh ny c th b tr nhng bng chuyn di chuyn h tr hnh khch
trong qu trnh di chuyn ti my bay. Cn hnh l sau khi c x l s vn chuyn bng h thng
vn chuyn c nh hoc di ng ti my bay.
Nhng hnh khch v hnh l n s c x l theo trnh t ngc li so vi quy trnh i.

1.1.1.2 Dng hp khi cc t hp mun

- Dng hp khi cc t hp mun tng c cc Cng Hng khng - Sn bay trc y cho
nhng nh ga c nh, trung bnh v ln. M dng ny c p dng ph bin, c bit nhng
Cng Hng khng vi nhng module c s dng bi cc nh vn chuyn t nhn.
- Chu u dng nh ga ny c s dng phn on cho cc loi khai thc c lp khc
nhau (v d phn on c viza Schengen hoc khng). Tuy nhin, do nhu cu trung chuyn ca cc c
s vn chuyn cng nh s lin minh hp tc gia cc hng Hng khng ln khin cho dng nh ga
ny ngy cng t c s dng bi cc i tc thch phi cng nhau chia s cng mt on ch khng
tch u t ring.

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Hnh 1.2 - Dng hp khi cc t hp mdun

- Vic m rng nh ga l tu thuc vo nhu cu ca cc Hng v c tin hnh thng qua vic
xy dng thm nhng modules b sung. Vic chuyn tip cho hnh khch v hnh l t pha thnh
ph (landside) n pha sn bay (airside) v ngc li c nh hng thng qua mt t hp lm sao
qung ng t bi u xe n my bay l ngn nht.
- Nhng hnh khch v hnh l i c lm th tc trong nhng khu vc tp trung hoc bn tp
trung. cc mun m khng nht thit mun no cng phi c cc thit b di chuyn hnh khch v
hnh l, cc thit b phn loi hnh l.
- Vic lm th tc bay cc quy check-in cho php hnh khch n mun v tr hn.
- Cc hnh khch v hnh l n lm th tc theo quy trnh ngc li vi i nhng cao trnh
thp hn.
1.1.1.3 Dng m rng sn
- Dng nh ga m rng sn l dng nh ga c 1 khu chnh cho hnh khch lm th tc kt
hp vi kh nng m rng sang hai pha bn. Vic di chuyn hnh khch t khu lm th tc n v tr
cc my bay t xa c h tr bi cc xe but chy trong sn v cc sn di ng. Khng c mi
quan h trc tip gia khu lm th tc hnh khch ti v tr my bay.

Hnh 1.3 - Dng m rng sn

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- Hnh khch i c x l ti khu trung tm v qua phng th tc hi quan ri n phng i

chung. T phng i chung ny hnh khch c th theo mt trong hai cch sau ra my bay:
H c thng bo n cc phng ch c lp ri qua cng vo my bay v cc phng ch
ny thng c cng cao vi sn my bay v cng c th s ra my bay bng xe but
+ Hnh khch c th c thng bo vo sn di ng, cc sn ny ng 2 vai tr: chng va l
ch ch ra my bay v va l khu trung chuyn gia
to nh ti v tr my bay xa.
Cc sn di ng ny lm vic bng h thng nng h cho php hot ng nhiu tng k c
tng ra my bay.
Hnh l ca hnh khch i c thu nhn quy thuc khu trung tm, sau c chuyn ch
ti khu phn loi hnh l v c chuyn ra my bay bng phng tin vn chuyn mt t.
- Hnh khch v hnh l n c x l theo quy trnh ngc vi quy trnh ca hnh khch i.

1.1.2 Loi bn tp trung:

1.1.2.1 Dng tuyn tnh
- Dng tuyn tnh bao gm khu vc chnh l lm
th tc cho hnh khch tp trung tri di so vi hng
ng chnh vi kh nng m rng sang 2 bn. Pha
sn my bay (airside) c cc nhnh c th l th ng
hay dng hnh hc khc. Vng tip cn vi cc v tr
my bay thng l cc hnh lang. Chng c th
c b tr song song vi mt chnh ca nh ga ng
thi lin kt vi thit b dn hng cui hoc
khu cng ra my bay. Ton b hnh khch v hnh l
c th lm th tc khu vc trung tm hoc bn tp
trung theo tng nhm quy lm th tc. Hnh 1.4 - Dng tuyn tnh
- Ty thuc vo b cc bn trong nh ga m khong cch i b ca hnh khch t ni lm th
tc ti my bay l di hoc ngn.
1.1.2.2 Dng V tinh
- Dng nh ga v tinh bao gm to nh trung tm cho hnh khch lm th tc, x l hnh l v
cc nh ph gi l v tinh dnh cho hnh khch ra my bay Cc v tinh c ni vi to nh chnh
bng h thng ni hoc chm (trong lng t) to iu kin thun li cho hnh khch di chuyn gia
to nh chnh ti cc v tinh.
H thng lin kt ny c th s dng h thng PM ( utomated People Mover) hoc ng
ngm vi bng ti ngang cho hnh khch (travelator).
Hnh l ca cc hnh khch i c tp trung ti cc quy lm th tc hng khng (check-in) v
vn chuyn n cc khu vc phn loi hnh l ri c chuyn ln my bay bng cc thit b c nh,
xe trolly hay cc thit b vn chuyn khc trong sn my bay.

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- Hnh khch v hnh l n c x l theo quy trnh ngc vi i.

Hnh 1.5 Dng v tinh

1.2 Theo cao trnh:

1.2.1 Loi 1 cao trnh
L loi nh ga m tt c cc hot ng trong nh ga u din ra trn cng mt mt bng duy
nht.
Hnh khch hnh l I v Hnh khch hnh l N c tch bit thnh 2 khu vc khc
nhau trong nh ga v trn cng mt mt ph ng (cng mt cao ).
Loi nh ga ny thng s dng khi lu lng vn chuyn ca nh ga thp.

Hnh 1.6 S nh ga loi 1 cao trnh

1.2.2 Loi 1,5 cao trnh

Nh ga hnh khch 1,5 cao trnh l loi nh ga c 1 cao trnh pha thnh ph v 2 cao trnh
pha sn bay.

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Hnh 1.7 S nh ga loi 1,5 cao trnh

Hnh khch I vo tng 1 - gi hnh l - i ln tng 2 ra my bay.

Hnh l I vo tng 1- ra my bay (i vi khch VIP).
Hnh khch N vo tng 1- nhn hnh l - ra t v thnh ph.
Hnh l N vo tng 1 - tr cho khch - ra t.
Khch I v N tch bit trn 2 cao khc nhau giai on tip xc vi my bay.
Hnh l I v N tch bit 2 khu vc khc nhau trn cng cao .
Loi nh ga ny thng s dng khi lu lng vn chuyn ca nh ga mc trung bnh hoc
dng cho cc gii php ci to hoc nng cp nh ga c p ng yu cu tng ln ca lu lng
vn chuyn.

1.2.3 Loi 2 cao trnh

Nh ga hnh khch 2 cao trnh l loi nh ga c 2 cao trnh c hai pha thnh ph v sn bay.
i vi loi nh ga ny thng b tr phn lung nh sau:
Hnh khch I vo tng 2 bng h thng cu cn - gi hnh l - ra my bay bng cu dn hnh
khch (Airbridge).

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Hnh 1.8 S nh ga loi 2 cao trnh

Trong trng hp nhng Cng Hng khng-sn bay cha trang b c cu dn hnh khch th
thc hin phn lung nh sau: Hnh l I vo tng 2- xung tng 1- ra my bay.
Hnh khch N vo tng 1- nhn hnh l - ra t v thnh ph.
Hnh l N vo tng 1 - tr cho khch - ra t.
Nh vy hnh khch I v N c tch bit 2 cao khc nhau i vi c 2 pha thnh ph
v sn bay. Loi nh ga ny thch hp khi nng lc vn chuyn t 5 triu hnh khch/nm tr ln.
Hin nay trn th gii hu ht xy dng loi nh ga ny v n p ng c nng lc vn
chuyn ln, c nhiu u im, thun tin cho hnh khch v cc nh iu hnh cng nh khai thc
kinh doanh ti nh ga.
1.3 Theo chc nng s dng:
1.3.1 Nh ga hnh khch quc t (International Passenger Terminal)
L nh ga hnh khch khai thc tt c cc chuyn bay i quc t v ni a.
V c cc chuyn bay ra nc ngoi nn phi b tr b phn ca cc c quan hu quan ging
nh ca khu ca mt quc gia nh: kim tra xut nhp cnh, kim tra hi quan, kim tra an ninh v
cc loi lin quan khc.

1.3.2 Nh ga hnh khch ni a (Domestic Passenger Terminal)

L nh ga hnh khch ch khai thc cc chuyn bay trong cc khu vc, cc vng trong phm vi
quc gia .
Nh ga hng khng ni a khng c cc b phn kim tra hi quan v xut nhp cnh.

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2. Nhng c s thit k nh ga hnh khch hng khng

2.1 Quy m ca nh ga hnh khch hng khng
Vic thit k mt Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng ph thuc nhiu vo quy m ca nh ga .
Quy m nh ga c tnh ton bi dung lng chuyn ch bao nhiu hnh khch trong mt nm (s
hk/nm).
Quy m l yu t ngi thit k lm cn c la chn cc gii php thit k ph hp.
Quy m ca Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng c chia ra 3 loi: nh, trung bnh v ln.
- Loi nh: p dng i vi nhng nh ga di 1 triu hnh khch/nm (hk/nm)
- Trung bnh: p dng cho nhng nh ga t 2 triu n 10 triu hk/nm
- Loi ln: ln hn 11 triu hk/nm.

2.2 Dy chuyn cng ngh ca nh ga

Dy chuyn cng ngh trong Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng ng vai tr rt quan trng, v vy
vic gii quyt c ti u dy chuyn cng ngh l mt trong nhng nhim v trng tm ca cng tc
thit k nh ga.
Dy chuyn cng ngh cho Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng l vic m bo t l dng lu
chuyn ca hnh khch v hnh l c cao nht.
T l dng lu chuyn bao gm: hnh khch v hnh l ti ga i, hnh khch v hnh l ti ga
n, hnh khch chuyn tip v qu cnh.
Cc yu cu c th ca tng phn nh sau:
2.2.1 Hnh khch v hnh l ti ga i:
Ti ga i, t l hnh khch v hnh l n t nhiu hng khc nhau nh: t li vo, khu lm th
tc (check-in), khu an ninh,to thnh mt phn rt quan trng ca qu trnh tnh ton v b tr khng
gian, mt bng ca cc khu vc chc nng chnh trong nh ga. iu c bit l t l hnh khch cn
c phn tch, tnh ton cn thn i vi nhng khi lng hnh khch ln (gi cao im). Do c
trng ca hnh khch quc t v ni a rt khc nhau nn lu lng cng nh vic phn nhm tng
loi phi c ghi chp ring r v cn thn.
2.2.2 Hnh khch v hnh l ti ga n:
T l ni trn ga n khng ging nh ga i. Lng hnh khch v hnh l tu thuc vo cc
chuyn bay n c phn nhm trc tip theo sc cha v lng hnh khch thc c trn my bay.
V th t l lt hnh khch v hnh l ph thuc vo t l chuyn bay v lng hnh khch trn my
bay.
2.2.3 Hnh khch chuyn tip v qu cnh:
nhng cng hng khng-sn bay c lng hnh khch chuyn tip v qu cnh ln, t l lu
chuyn ca cc loi hnh khch cng cn phi c phn tch k cng. Ti nh ga, lng hnh khch
qu cnh ph thuc vo t l my bay n v s hnh khch c thc trn my bay.
2.2.4 Kiu my bay:

18
TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

y l yu t lin quan mt thit n lu lng hnh khch v hnh l. Kiu my bay phi c
tnh ton trn c hai yu t l lu lng hnh khch v hnh l cho c n v i.
i vi Cng Hng khng-sn bay no c nhiu my bay c ln v thay i theo s gia tng s
lng hnh khch v c bit l loi my bay thn rng s nh hng ln n tng th dy chuyn
ca nh ga. y l yu t cn lu thit k.

2.3 Cc lung hnh khch trong nh ga

Lung hnh khch trong Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng phi b tr linh hot v p ng c
nhng yu cu sau y:
- Cng ngn v th ng cng tt, khng b cn tr bi cc chng ngi vt nh cc ng giao
nhau hoc bi cc phng tin khc trong nh ga.
- C th s dng cho tt c cc Hng Hng khng, khng gii hn i vi bt k loi my bay
ring bit no.
- Cho php di chuyn a dng, b tr hnh khch c th thun tin trong qu trnh lm th tc
ti nhiu v tr khc nhau, trnh n tc kiu c chai.
- Phi rt linh hot c th thit lp cc lung tm thi dnh cho cc hnh khch i vt qua
(ch ng hn nh trong trng hp x l vic kim tra sc kho ca mt c nhn no hay chuyn
h cnh c bit ca 1 my bay khc).
- Cho php x l hnh khch theo nhm hoc ring bit.
- m bo mc thay i l nh nht.
Vic s dng lung giao thng 2 chiu trong nh ga quc t c thc t chng minh l kh
c th thc hin uc trong cc nh ga trc y. Tuy nhin kiu chia lung ny cho thy nhiu u
im v c th thc hin c nu p dng mt vi tnh ton thit k c bit hoc gin cc v tr kim
tra an ninh quc gia.
i vi khu kim tra hnh khch i i hi cn chia lung 2 chiu th thit k mt lung dnh cho
khch ni a v mt dnh cho khch quc t.
Khng th a ra khuyn co c th v cc lung hnh khch v cc yu cu km theo cho tng
nh ga v chng rt khc nhau. Ty theo tng trng hp c th c phng n thit k ring mi
ph hp.

2.4 S dy chuyn hnh khch trong nh ga

C 2 loi dy chuyn trong nh ga hnh khch hng khng l:
- Dy chuyn cho hnh khch I
- Dy chuyn cho hnh khch N

2.4.1 S dy chuyn hnh khch i

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 TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

Thm nh ga

GHI CH
Lung hnh khch
Chun b v & h chiu Lung hnh l

Phng nhn vin kim

tra v & h chiu

Ca kim tra v, h
chiu & hnh l

Kim tra hi quan

Hnh khch qu cnh, Kim tra an

chuyn my bay ninh
Hnh l i
chuyn
Snh i chung

Th tc kim tra an
ninh hnh l

Hnh khch ln a hnh l ln

my bay my bay

Hnh 2.1 S dy chuyn hnh khch i

20
TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

2.4.2 S dy chuyn hnh khch n

Cu ti dn khch

Bng ti
Kim tra sc khe
(Nu c yu cu)

Hnh khch Hnh khch Phn loi Bng ti

qu cnh qu cnh hnh l hnh l

Kim tra nhp cnh

Nhn hnh l

Kim tra Hi quan

Snh hnh khch n

Thm nh ga

GHI CH
Lung hnh khch
Lung hnh l

Hnh 2.2 S dy chuyn hnh khch n

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 TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

2.5 V cp ca dch v
Cc ch tiu v cp ca dch v - LOS (Levels Of Service) c phn chia theo khung bao
gm 6 mc (t n F) nh sau:
2.5.1 Cp A: mc dch v xut sc; lung hnh khch c t do, cc tuyn trc tip
ring bit, khng c bt k s chm tr no v mc tin nghi, s thoi mi cho hnh khch l tuyt
vi.
2.5.2 Cp B: mc dch v cao cp; lung hnh khch n nh, khng c chm tr; mc
tin nghi cao.
2.5.3 Cp C: mc dch v tt; lung hnh khch n nh, c chm tr nhng chp nhn
c, khng n tc; cc mc cung cp tin nghi y .
2.5.4 Cp D: Cung cp y dch v; lung hnh khch khng n nh, c s chm tr
nhng khng nhiu; cc mc ca dch v khc chp nhn c trong thi gian ngn.
2.5.5 Cp E: Mc dch v khng chp nhn c; lung hnh khch khng n nh, chm
tr; cc h thng dch v khc khng cn bng th hin s hn ch ca h thng dch v.
2.5.6 Cp F: y l cp thp nht. cp ny, lung hnh khch khng th chp nhn
v tc nghn, giao ct nhiu. H thng dch v phn tn, thi gian b ko di chm tr v gy s kh
chu cho hnh khch.
Cn c vo ch tiu v cp dch v, quy nh v khng gian hoc din tch cho mt s khu vc
chnh trong nh ga nh sau:

Bng 2.5 - Tiu chun khng gian, din tch cn thit theo cp ca dch v cho nh ga
Hnh khch hng khng da vo gi cao im (tnh theo m/ngi):

CP DCH V A B C D E F

Khu vc xp hng lm th tc 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 1 -

Khu vc i / lu hnh 2,7 2,3 1,9 1,5 1 -
Phng ch 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 -
Khu ly hnh l (khng bao gm 2 1,8 1,6 1,4 1,2 -
phn nhnh)
Khu kim tra ca cc c quan 1,4 1,2 1 0,8 0,6 -
Nh nc

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TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

3. Cc khu vc chc nng quan trng to thnh cu trc nh ga

3.1 Phn chung:
C cu phn khu chc nng cho hnh khch trong nh ga hng khng quc t c b tr theo
s tng qut nh sau:

Khu vc cng cng

Khu vc hn ch

Khu vc hn ch tuyt i

V c phn thnh 3 khu vc chnh gm:

3.1.1 Khu vc cng cng
i tng s dng chnh khu vc ny bao gm: hnh khch i my bay, ngi a tin, cc
b phn chuyn mn hng khng, cc b phn qun l v nhng b phn dch v...Khng gian khu
vc ny thay i theo hng gim bt cc chc nng chuyn mn pht trin h thng cc dch v,
nh hng lm tng kh nng kinh doanh cho nh ga ph hp vi nhng ci tin ca dy chuyn cng
ngh. Cc ch s chung v tiu chun thit k cho khu vc ny tu theo yu cu c th ca tng quc
gia m c nhng dao ng do c s mm do trong chc nng s dng.
Khu vc cng cng c th ch n thun phc v cho hnh khch bay l chnh vi ch tiu 1
khch 1,5 hnh l 1 ngi a tin vi nhng dch v ti thiu (qun nc, n nhanh - bar,
fastfood...) hoc c th khc h n nh l mt siu th ln vi nhng ca hng phong ph, cc nh bu
in, in t, nh bng, ni bn hoa, ni vui chi cho tr em...
Quy m cc chc nng ph tr ny ph thuc nhiu vo v tr ca Cng hng khng i vi thnh
ph, i vi c im th trng v x hi ca tng vng, min v quc gia.
3.1.2 Khu vc hn ch
Hot ng khu vc ny ch yu l hnh khch v cc dch v kinh doanh c kim sot. y l
ni mang li li ch kinh t ln do c hng quy ch c bit (kinh doanh hng min thu). Cc nh
ga ng Nam pht trin rt mnh khu vc ny nh Singapore, Thailand, Malaysia...bi cc nh ga
ny l u mi giao thng khu vc nn lng hnh khch qua li trung chuyn rt ln, do vy thi gian
lu li ca h lu nn nhu cu dch v rt a dng, ngoi vic mua hng, h cn cn th gin nh c
sch, bi, xem phim, chm sc sc kho, c kinh...

23
 TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

Tuy vy, cc chc nng nu trn trong cc nh ga chu u li n gin hn nhiu, thm ch
hu nh khng c hoc c kt hp vi khu vc hn ch tuyt i.
3.1.3 Khu vc hn ch tuyt i
Ti y ch cn hnh khch i my bay vi hnh l xch tay c php mang theo sau khi
kim tra an ninh ln cui. Khu ny c th chia khng gian thnh tng phng theo tng chuyn bay
hoc kt hp trong mt phng ln v hnh khch ch tp kt ti y trc gi bay mt thi gian ngn
(khong 15 pht). Trc yu cu an ninh ngy cng cao do nn khng b lan trn v tinh vi hn nn
xu hng chung hin nay l t chc cc phng cch ly theo tng chuyn bay c iu kin gim st
cht ch hn.

3.2 Chi tit cc khu chc nng trong nh ga

Chi tit cc khu chc nng trong nh ga hnh khch hng khng bao gm nhng khu vc chnh
nh sau:
3.2.1 Khu snh:
y l khu vc u tin i vi hnh khch thc hin chuyn bay i. Din tch khu vc ny c
tnh cho c nhng ngi i cng vi hnh khch thc hin chuyn bay (i tin). Khu vc ny c b
tr cc quy lm th tc hng khng cho cc hng hng khng.
3.2.2 Khu Phng i dnh cho hnh khch i gi tt l phng i (departure lounge):
Phng i I c chia thnh ba loi l cng vo phng i, phng i thng thng cho hnh
khch i v phng i cho hnh khch chuyn tip. Chng c th c tch thnh ba khu vc ring
bit kt ni vi nhau hoc hp nht thnh mt phng chung. Cu trc thit k ca khu phng i ny
ph thuc rt ln vo c trng giao thng, s qun l ca cc nh chc trch hng khng v qu
trnh th tc ca cc hng hng khng. i tng s dng phng i I c ba loi hnh khch chnh
l:
- Hnh khch i xut pht t a phn ca nh ga (khng phi hnh khch chuyn tip chuyn
bay)
- Hnh khch qu cnh xut pht t vng khng phn, chuyn sang i tip mt my bay khc,
nn c lm th tc vng khng phn.
- Hnh khch chuyn tip xut pht t vng khng phn v vn i tip my bay c, nn c
li vng khng phn trong lc ch i.
Khi tnh ton cc yu cu khc nhau ca phng i i cn trnh vic c qu nhiu ch trng bng
cch tnh ton chnh xc v y ngoi ra cn nn s dng c cc chc nng khc nhau trong
cng phng . Bin php dng snh ni s to iu kin thun li tng cng h tr cc lt
hnh khch u tin nhm gim chi ph qu ti v to thm doanh thu cho sn bay.
3.2.2.1 Cng phng i i (gate):
Cng phng i i l khu vc chc nng dnh cho hnh khch chuyn tip t nh ga ra my bay
v trong mt vi trng hp hoc iu kin cn dnh cho c hnh khch chuyn my bay t cc my
bay ang ti v tr cng . Thng thng, cc hnh khch u tin khng hay ng cc snh

24
TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

ring bit m thng tp trung trong khu vc snh chung nm dc theo hnh lang ca khu vc khng
phn. Khi cng snh i c thit k phc v cho nhng my bay ti trng ln l nhng my bay
n khch ln my bay t nhiu ca, vic sp xp ra vo cng i ny cn c tnh ton sao cho
hnh khch c th c th i mt qung ng ngn v n gin nht qua cc cng ny n ng ca
my bay m h cn.
Mt cng snh c th phc v cho rt nhiu v tr my bay khc nhau v c th chia thnh
tng khu vc ring tch bit hnh khch theo lch trnh chuyn bay. Trong nhng trng hp ny,
mt vi khu vc hnh khch u tin s c b tr khu snh ni. Khi cn, cng snh cng c th bao
gm c cc phng tin cn thit phc v cc hot ng ca mt cng lm th tc hng khng nh l
cc phng tin truyn thng, bn check-in, bn tip tn nhn hnh l v.v
Thng thng vic to khng gian cn thit cho tng cng snh ring (hnh khch i): c tnh 1
mt vung cho mi hnh khch, k c vi my bay c ln nht, ti trng nng nht ti cng snh
ny. Nh vy, vi mt my bay 400 ch ngi s cn c mt cng snh rng 400 m2.
Khng nht thit phi c nh v sinh ring tng cng snh nhng phi c nh v sinh khu
snh chung, t v tr thun tin cho c cc snh ring na. Tuy nhin, nu ng dng kiu cng an
ninh khng trung tm th phi xy nh v sinh ring tng cng snh.
3.2.2.2 Snh i thng thng:
Ti hu ht cc sn bay quc t, ngi ta s dng snh i thng thng ph hp vi lng
hnh khch i ln qua kim tra an ninh trc c php bay nhng ang ch lm cc th tc
chi tit ln my bay. Hnh khch chuyn tip hoc chuyn my bay cng ngi i ti snh ny.
Vic tch ring cc snh i, cng snh i v cc phng tin km theo s l khng kinh t. Tuy
vy, trong nhng yu cu ring, mt s cng hng khng cng c mt phn thit k ring trong snh
i l khu vc ln my bay (hay cn gi l cng snh).
Mt snh i thng thng cn phi c nhng b phn nh sau:
- y ch ngi cho ton b lng hnh khch d kin. Yu cu ny thay i tu quy trnh
chun b ln my bay ca tng hng hng khng.
- Mn hnh thng bo thng tin cc chuyn bay, ch r thi gian ct cnh, cng ln my bay v
tnh trng my bay ca mi chuyn bay.
- Bn thng tin ca hng hng khng tr gip cho cc hng khch, c th bao gm c b
phn x l hnh khch chuyn tip.
- Nh hng n v qun nc/bar.
- Cc ca hng, bao gm c ca hng min thu
- Ni i tin, bt cnh st v bt in thoi
- H thng thng bo cho hnh khch v cc chuyn bay ct cnh hoc hon ct cnh.
- Nh v sinh
tnh ton kch thc hay khng gian cn thit cho mt snh i, phi s dng m hnh dng
lu chuyn hng khch c xc nh, t tnh ton v t l hng khch lu thng, cc yu cu v
hng khch chuyn tip v qu cnh, tnh ton lng p ng ca cng i, cc thng s ti trung

25
 TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

bnhvi s liu tnh ton t m hnh ny, khng gian tnh cho khu vc snh i (k c cc khu vc u
tin, nhng khng tnh qun bar, hng n, quy n nh) thng chn theo t l phn chia 2 m2 cho mi
hng khch.
i vi cc cng hng khng-sn bay c lng hng khch qu cnh hoc chuyn tip/trung
chuyn ln th s c tnh ton b sung theo thc t.
3.2.2.3 Snh chuyn tip:
Ti hu ht cc cng hng khng-sn bay, nhng hnh khch chuyn tip khi xung my bay
tm dng chn s c b tr gi li trong cng snh ca h hoc trong snh i thng thng. Nu
iu kin ti khu vc i hi phi c snh ring cho hng khch chuyn tip, khu vc cn m
bo tng xng vi nhu cu t ra v phi c lp t thit b tu thuc theo cc khuyn co, ch dn
v cch lp t ghi mc trn.
3.2.2.4 Snh dnh cho cc khch hng quan trng ca cc hng hng khng (CIP) hoc dnh
cho cc VIP.
Ti rt nhiu cng hng khng-SN BAY quc t cng nh ni a u yu cu phi c mt snh
ring c bit dnh cho nhng khch hng quan trng (VIP ngi quan trng hoc CIP thng gia
quan trng). Vic tnh ton c xc lp theo cc yu cu chi tit ca tng hng hng khng v nhng
snh ny ti cc cng hng khng-SN BAY. Cc snh ny thng thng c b tr khu khng
phn mt t ca nh nh ga v c b tr thun tin d n ch cng snh i.
3.2.2.5 Hnh lang khng phn.
Hnh lang khng phn l mt ng i b hay mt khu lu thng gia khu cng snh i/n v
v tr ca my bay. Hnh lang ny cn c xy rng cha v lu thng c khi lng hng
khch n/i d kin. Hnh lang ny cng khng nn b tr cc thit b c th khin hng khch b sao
nhng nh mn hnh v tuyn hay p phch qung co, s lm hng khch khng ch c cc
thng tin cn thit lin quan n khu vc cho hng khch n/i. Cn thit k mt s lng hp l cc
cng ra t cc snh i cng nh cc cng vo cho hnh khch i cng phi c coi l mt phn ca
s liu phn tch thit k hng lang khng phn. Khi m cc qung ng i b l ng th ng v
khng b ngt on hay c chng ngi vt.
Khi hoch nh hnh lang khng phn cng cn tnh ton c v giao thng cho hng khch qu
cnh, xe ln v xe y tay ( nhng ch c php s dng). nhng Cng hng khng - sn bay c
t l hng khch qu cnh ln th cn c s phn chia hp l c th cho php chuyn tip trc tip
hng khch qu cnh gia hai chuyn bay quc t m khng cn thng qua cc yu cu kim tra an
ninh quc gia.
3.2.3 Khu iu hnh v lm vic
3.2.3.1 Khu iu hnh ca nh chc trch hng khng, cc c quan chuyn ngnh khc v
doanh nghip khai thc nh ga:
- L khu vc b tr cc phng lm vic ca nh chc trch hng khng (Cng v hng khng),
cc phng v khng gian lm vic cho cng an ca khu, hi quan v cc b phn lin quan khc nh:
an ninh vn ha, kim dch

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TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

- L khu vc b tr cc phng lm vic ca doanh nghip c quyn s dng khai thc nh ga vo

cc mc ch kinh doanh.
3.2.3.2 Khu vc hot ng, vn hnh ca cc hng hng khng:
Thng c thit k dnh cho cc khu lm vic ca nhn vin hng hng khng hoc ni qun
l cc chc nng lin quan n vic x l cc my bay khi chng cn ang mt t chun b ct
cnh. V vy, khu ny thng c t gn khu d hng ca my bay bao gm c khu vc dnh
cho kim sot khng lu, phi hnh on v on tip vin v c khu dnh cho cc nhn vin hng
hng khng vn hnh cc dch v mt t.
Cc phng phc v c bn cho c nhn nh phng ra tay, phng n tra, phng ngh cng vi
cc khu h tr khc cng c t khu ny.
Khu dnh cho phi hnh on v on tip vin cng bao gm c cc phng tin ln k
hoch chuyn bay, d bo thi tit v cc thng tin chuyn bay. Khu ny, thng c dng trong cc
kiu nh ga loi phn nhnh hay nh ga v tinh hoc trong cc nh ga chnh, nhng khng bt buc
phi c mi cng hng khng. Tuy nhin, tu thuc vo s lng chuyn bay trong mt ngy v cc
kiu dng my bay (mt my bay c th c nhiu nht 15 thnh vin phi hnh on) m kch thc v
phc tp ca cc phng tin ny c th ln hn hay nh hn.
Khu vc dnh cho dch v mt t c nhn c th bao gm nhiu khu ring bit c lin quan n
dch v khoang, bo dng, v sinh my bay v cc thit b dch v mt t.
Cc khu k trn cng c th bao gm c cc phng tin cha hng v nh xng. Cng cn c
khu vc bo m an ninh cho cc hng ho d v hay hng ho c gi tr v cha cc d bay
hi, nguy him (vi s bo v thch hp).
3.2.4 Khu k thut
3.2.4.1 Khu vc x l hnh l:
Tng qut : Nh ni trn, qui trnh x l hnh l phi c thc hin mt cch hiu qu v
phi tng ng vi qui trnh x l hnh khch. Khi cc c quan chc nng, cc nh t vn v cc
hng hng khng nh gi h thng ny cn lu nhng im sau:
- Cc c s kinh t
- Cc yu cu v nhn lc, s lng lao ng ti thiu
- Cc yu cu v cc h thng iu khin bng tay hay h thng t ng tu thuc theo thit k
ca nh ga.
- Cng sut, tc nhn hnh l cng nhn hnh l
- D dng khi s dng i vi hng khch v nhn vin hng khng.
- Kh nng thch ng vi nhiu hnh dng, kch c v cn nng ca hnh l m khng gy h
hng cho hnh l.
- Kh nng x l nhng khi hnh l c bit khi c php mang theo nh vn trt tuyt, con
vt nui, dng c chi gn, xe p gp hay xe nguyn hp, ti ba l v vn lt sng
- linh hot v kh nng m rng
- Tc x l tng ng vi tc di chuyn ca hng khch

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 TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

- Kh nng x l ti trng ti a ti lc cao im nht.

- Yu cu v mt khng gian ci t h thng, bao gm c chiu cao trn trong khu x l v
khu phn loi hnh l phi cao t nht cha c cc cng-ten-n t trn cc gi di ng
- H thng t ng ch dnh cho khi lng hng ho rt ln chuyn u n hng gi.
- Cc phng tin y phn loi v vn chuyn hnh l theo hng ngang tnh theo thi
gian
- Kh nng nhn hnh l ti cng v chuyn ra khu p d hng ca my bay.
- nghing bng chuyn hnh l nm trong phm vi cho php chp nhn c (180 hay 32 %)
- An ton cho hnh khch v hnh l mang theo ngi.
- Kh nng chuyn hnh l trc tip n vng lun chuyn hnh l t ng hnh khch t
nhn hnh l ca mnh.
- Cc cng ten n s dng ch hnh l
- Kh nng o trng ti cng ten n khi ang ti hnh l (nu cn, trong trng hp c yu cu
ca a phng)
- C th d dng kim tra, bo qun v thu hi hnh l
- Lun c phn khng ti d phng.
- D dng bo dng cho ton b h thng kim sot v vn chuyn, kh nng bo dng tng
phn ring bit
- Mc gy n khi vn hnh thp
- Kh nng phc v v chng chu ca h thng theo thit k phi c t 3 nm tr ln trc
khi cn phi tng kim tra v bo dng sa cha k thut ton b h thng
- C th vt qua tt c cc on r kh v cc im chuyn giao trong nh ga.
- y phng tin cha dnh cho hnh l ca khch i c chuyn n sm v hnh l
v ch sau khi my bay h cnh.
- C sp xp kim tra an ninh y cho hnh l khi qua hi quan v ti khu tm gi. Mc d
tng hng hng khng ring bit c th t x l hnh l cho cc chuyn bay ca mnh, vic chia x
khng gian v cc thit b gia cc hng hng khng cn c tnh ton cho tng dng nh ga hng
khng. Trong nhiu trng hp, khu phn loi v cha ti hnh l c s dng ring bit cho tng
hng hng khng, nhng h thng xe ko y chuyn ch hng th c s dng chung.
H thng vn ti hnh l cn c pht trin da trn cc kin t vn cho cc hng hng
khng v cc hng ny c quyn t do la chn h thng ph hp nht vi h. Tuy nhin, cc hng
hng khng cng vn nn tnh ton k n nhng thun li, u im ca vic s dng chung h thng,
m p dng cho t hiu qu cao nht.
Ni chung, h thng hnh l nn n gin n mc ti a c th m cc th tc cho php. Khi
thit k h thng x l hnh l, th nhng thun li nh vic phn loi hnh l c th ngay khu lm
th tc ban u cn c tn dng mc ti a. Khi xy ra s c hng hc ca h thng vn chuyn
t ng hay b mt in, h thng x l hnh l vn hnh bng tay c th c s dng thay th.

28
TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

Trong mt s trng hp, khi c ng ph th c th tn dng kh nng vn chyn qua ng ph

dnh cho hnh l ngoi c.
Khi hnh l c yu cu chuyn mc trong mt khong cch ngn (theo ng nm ngang)
ch ng hn nh t ca ra khu p d hng ca my bay, kinh nghim ca cc hng hng khng cho
thy tt nht l nn trnh cc ng trt kim loi do s a dng v kch c, trng lng, b mt vt
liu, hnh dng ca hnh l. Cc thang my cng khng c khuyn khch s dng v thm ch
khng nn s dng k c trong trng hp vn chuyn lung hnh l thng thng. Tuy nhin, thang
my li thng c s dng vn chuyn hnh l ngoi c t khu vc kim tra u vo n khu
ng gi hnh l.
Khi thit k bng chuyn vn chuyn hnh l cn tum th cc im sau y:
- Bng chuyn vn chuyn hnh l phi c b rng t nht l 0.9 m v chiu cao trng t nht
l 1.0 m pha trn bng chuyn. Tuy nhin, tu thuc vo yu cu ca mi ni m cc kch thc
ny c th c tng thm. Trng lng trung bnh ca mt khi hnh l sn bay c th cng cn
c tnh ton ring.
- Cc tm pa-nen hai bn bng chuyn cng cn c m bo nghim chnh trnh lm rch
gc hnh l, ngoc vo cc phn nh ra ca hnh l nh bnh xe hay dy eo hnh l hay hay
ngoc vi bng chuyn.
- Cn c cc i hoc b bo v khu vc r/cua ca bng chuyn bo v cc bnh xe nh
ra trn hnh l v trnh cc lm hng bng chuyn.
- Ti gc quay hnh l c s dng hai bng chuyn, bng chuyn th hai ch dng hnh l pha
di nn c t thp hn mt cht so vi bng chuyn th nht (bng chuyn dng trn) trnh
va chm hnh l.
Hnh l c gn bnh xe ln (gi l caster) phi c t nm mt cch t ng hoc bng tay.
Lm th s trnh cho hnh l khi b vng ra khi bng chuyn khi gp bng chuyn nghing c th
dn lm b thng ngi ng gn hay lm hng hnh l.
nghing ln nht ca b mt thang ln xung hnh l so vi mt t ti cng tr/nhn hnh l
c khuyn co l khng nn qu 5 %.
3.2.4.2 Khu vc phn loi hnh l i
Khu vc hnh l i l khu vc m hnh l i ca hnh khch c chuyn t cng kim tra u
vo (check in area) thng qua cc thit b t ng. Trong khu vc ny, hnh l c phn loi v ti
vo cc cng-ten-n ch hnh l hay cc xe ko a ra my bay.
H thng hnh l i cn c qui hoch trn nguyn l dng chy, vi mi yu t trong h thng
u c kh nng x l mt khi lng hnh l nh im trong mt n v thi gian c chuyn vo
h thng t nhiu im nhn hnh l khc nhau.
H thng ny c th l h thng t ng hay vn hnh bng tay cho php phn loi hnh l
thnh tng nhm c bn nh sau:
- Theo tng hng hng khng
- Theo s ca chuyn bay

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 TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

- Theo im n
- Theo hng v
H thng cn c kh nng phn pht tt c cc hnh l c phn loi thnh cc nhm c
bn t nhng khu vc tch tr ring n cc cng-ten-n ch hnh l hoc cc xe ch dng cho cc
my bay khng ch cng-ten-n.
H thng cn cn c kh nng thch ng vi nhng yu cu khc nhau v quy trnh ca cc
hng hng khng trong vic dng cng-ten-n hay xe ko theo iu kin thc t.
Mt h thng x l hnh l i thng bao gm:
- Cc thit b vn chuyn t im nhn hnh l cho n khu vc phn loi v ct tr;
- Cc thit b cha cc ti phn loi v ti ra cc cng-ten-n/xe hnh l. Trong h
thng tng th phc tp hn thng c thm thnh phn th ba l:
- Mt thit b phn loi c nhim v nhn ti t thit b vn chuyn v chuyn sang cho mt thit
b tr chuyn dng. Vic la chn bt k h thng hnh l no hay cch sp xp thnh phn trong h
thng ph thuc vo cc yu t sau y:
- Dng nh ga (trung tm, phn tn, cng kim tra u vo)
- S lng ti hng c ti trong mt cng-ten-n hay phng tin vn chuyn hnh l khc
trong mt n v thi gian.
- S lng cc nhm phn loi
- S lng cc im nhn hnh l trong h thng
- S lng cc cng-ten-n/xe ko c th hot ng cng lc
Trong trng hp dng hnh l vn chuyn c khi lng ln, cn thit phi tnh n cc thit b
phn loi s dng nguyn l bn t ng c cc u ni trc tip vi cc im nhn hnh l khc
nhau. Cn lu rng cc h thng phn loi tinh vi ny c gi rt cao v i hi c cc b phn t
tin tng thch.
Trong trng hp dng hnh l c khi lng khng ln th s dng thit b theo nguyn l phn
loi hnh l bng tay theo vng lun chuyn trn vi cc u ni trc tip t cc im nhn hnh l.
H thng ny c nhng u im nh sau:
- Cho php t linh hot ti a khi sp xp li cc lung hng ho phn loi
- To ra cch kt ni n gin nht cc gi hnh l v cng mt my phn loi t nhiu im
nhn hnh l khc nhau trn h thng.
- Cho php ti c s lng gi l ln nht khi s dng mt s lng cho trc cc cng-
ten-n hay xe ko
- C kh nng nhn v phn loi hnh l quc t ln nht.
Trong trng hp dng hnh l v yu cu v xe ch tng i nh, nn s dng h thng cha
- tch hnh l th ng. Khi , c th s dng h thng mt cao trnh n mc d khng c c ng,
linh hot nh trong h thng cho khi lng hnh l ln v va nhng h thng ny cng mang li
hiu qu rt cao nu c s dng ng cch.

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TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

Cho d la chn h thng no, phi c h thng vn chuyn hnh l d tr khi hnh l
c chuyn ra t thit b cha hnh l hay kho cha m li cha c xe ko hay cng-ten-n ch
ngay lc . H thng d tr ny cng rt cn thit c th x l hnh l ngoi c v hnh l n st
gi bay. Kh nng d tr ny cn lun lun sn sng cho d yu cu cho h thng tng sn bay c
th khc nhau. Tuy vy, h thng d tr ny khng nht thit phi l h thng t ng. Cng cn nhn
mnh rng bt k h thng x l t ng no cng phi c mt h thng ng chuyn ph km theo
c th tp kt dng hnh l v a ra cc phng tin vn chuyn trong trng hp h thng chnh c
trc trc.
3.2.4.3 S khu ng gi hnh l - Cc yu cu
Thi gian x l khu hnh l i thng hn hp bi qu trnh ny c nh hng v lin quan
trc tip n thi gian my bay i do n gn lin vi chu trnh hot ng chun b cho my bay, bao
gm vic nhn hng, phn l, vn chuyn v cht ln my bay. Hnh l theo vng lun chuyn ti cc
im phn loi v vn ti trong khu dnh cho hnh khch i cn cn thm mt khong thi gian gi l
thi hn gn cht cho hnh khch lc ny mi n khu kim tra u vo (check-in area). thi hn
gn cht y c hiu l c hi cui cng hnh khch kp a hnh l n khu kim tra u
vo v m bo rng hnh l s kp vn chuyn ra my bay trc khi my bay ct cnh.
Khu vc ng gi hnh l phi m bo c cc yu cu sau:
- Dng vn chuyn ca cc cng-ten-n hay xe ko ch vo ra khu vc ng gi v i li bn
trong khu vc ny phi c lu thng d dng v khng b chng ngi. Cng cn c cng vo ra
ring dn t khu vc ny n khu vc p d hnh l ca my bay.
- Phi c y cc v tr t ti c th ng thi hot ng mt s lng cc cng-ten-n/xe
ko theo yu cu trong lc cao im. Cc quy trnh x l hnh l ca cc hng hng khng i hi phi
c cc v tr ti cng-ten-n ring cho tng chuyn bay n, m bo p ng c cc yu cu nh
c cc im n ring, c khu x l hnh l u tin (cho hnh khch khoang hng nht, hnh khch
cng v), thit b chuyn khi ti ch/ti im n)
- Bng chuyn vn chuyn hnh l phi c t cao lm vic thun tin to iu kin
chuyn hnh l c d dng.
- Phi c mt khu sn cng-ten-n
- C mt khu cha hnh l c gi n sm
- Khu cn trng lng cng-ten-n (khi cn, theo yu cu ca tng ni)
- Sn nh ca cc khu x l v khu ng vo/ra phi chu lc m bo c s cn
bng trn b mt sn khi vn phi chu ti thng xuyn.
- Cung cp nh sng cho cc mc ch quan st theo di v phn loi hnh l.
- m bo h thng thng gi. Nu s dng in bn ko in th phi m bo h thng thng
gi cho khu vc np pin/sc ngun. Khu vc ny cn phi c t trong mi quan h vi tng th
nh ga m bo hon chnh, cn i vi cc hot ng ca nh ga v khng lm nh hng hay
hn ch hot ng ca cc h thng khc hoc ca dng giao thng vn chuyn.

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Bn cnh cc yu cu cho phn sn, chiu cao ca trn nh cng cn phi m bo sao cho c
th cung cp y cho cc yu cu s dng, cc phng tin vn chuyn hnh l trn cao v vn
cho php lung vn chuyn cng-ten-n v cc thit b di ng di chuyn mt cch d dng, khng b
chng ngi trong sut phng hnh l i. Chiu cao ti thiu cho php ca mt cng-ten-n ng
chuyn gia my bay v nh ga (dolly) l 2,75 m. Chiu rng ti thiu cho php l 2,45 m. cho php
ti c cng-ten-n th chiu cao cho php c khuyn co l khng nn nh hn 3,2 m v chiu
rng cho php khng nn nh hn 2,45 m. Cc kch thc cho php trn thng thng cng l i
vi xe ko ch hnh l cho d vn nn kim tra li m bo cc yu cu ring ca tng ni.
Khu ng gi hnh l i nn c t v tr gn k vi khu phn tch hnh l n cc cng-
ten-n v xe ch hnh l ch phi vn chuyn mt qung ng ngn nht v cn c th s dng
nhn lc ct ngang.
Mt yu cu na l kh nng la chn, phn loi v tm li cc cng-ten-n tht lc theo kiu loi
v theo tn hng. L tng nht l khu cha cng-ten-n ny cng nn t gn vi khu ng gi v
phn tch cng-ten-n, kt hp vi dng lun chuyn thng thng ca chng. Tuy nhin, quyt nh
cui cng v v tr t ca khu ny cn phi tnh n nh hng ca cc yu t trn a hnh thc t.
Cn tnh ton, cn nhc v cc phng tin ph tr sau t trong khu ng gi hnh l:
- Lp t mch khp kn cc v tuyn phc v mc ch quan st v theo di nhng ni thc
s cn thit.
- Cung cp v ci t cc thit b truyn thng nh in thoi, intercom, CRT v my in
- Vn phng kim sot hnh l
- Phng ngh cho nhn vin x l hnh l
- Bng thng tin cc chuyn bay.
3.2.4.4 Khu phn loi v d hnh l
Khu phn loi hnh l bao gm mt khu ti hnh l xung t cc cng-ten-n v cc xe ko ch
hng n cc thit b khai bo hnh l, cn phi cung cp mt khong trng bo v (0,75 m - 0,9 m)
gia cc cngtenn xe ko v cc thit b d hng c nhn.
Cn lu nhng im sau tnh ton khi thit k khu phn loi hnh l:
- Li vo t khu d hnh l ca my bay n im phn pht hnh l phi khng b cn tr v
phi tch bit vi cng ra, li thot;
- Nn s dng ng mt chiu ti bt c im no c th c.
- Cn c cc phng tin vn chuyn hnh l t gc ca xe p ng cc tnh hung nhiu
ngi xp hng;
- ng vo phi m bo rng cho php xe c c th i li khu khng ti hoc n v i
trc hoc sau khi ti hng;
- Yu cu phi c h thng bin bo y cc im khng ti hnh l trc khi vo khu gia;
- Khu vc ny cn phi rng cho php dng xe c vo ra c v c th cha c n
bn xe ti ko cng-ten-n;

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- Cn phi thit k sao cho ng vn chuyn hnh l n khu khai bo hnh l l th ng nht v
ngn nht;
- Cng cn thit phi c bin php bo v khu khng ti hnh l ny khi mi nh hng do thi
tit xu v sc nng do ng c my bay;
- Khu trng ln nht c th b tr trong khu phn loi m bo giao thng y khng b
cn tr cng l cn thit
- Cn phi phi hp to c ng i li thun tin v d dng, tc n khu cha cng-
ten-n tm thi v khu x l hnh l
- Quan trng nht l phi cung cp c mt h thng phng tin y nhanh chng bc
d hng ho v chuyn hnh l khi khu vc ny n khu hnh khch i
- Vic phi hp gia cc h thng ca to nh nh ga v cc phng tin, xe c vn chuyn cn
c tnh ton cn thn
- Sn nh trong khu phn loi v cng ra/vo, ng vo cn phi thit k chu c ti
trng ln thng xuyn m vn gi c mt sn
Trong khu phn loi cn b tr h thng 4 cng-ten-n t song song n cc thit b vn chuyn
i hoc ray trt dng cho cc thit b khai bo hnh l phc v my bay ch khch thn rng. Nu
khng th cng lc d 4 cng-ten-n d hng ti mi thit b khai bo, cn phi tnh ton cung
cp mt con ng th ba cha cc cng-ten-n sao cho bc d hng phi ng thit b khai
bo thch hp cng nh lm ch cha tm thi cho cc cng-ten-n sau khi d hng xong. Nu
thit b khai bo c thit k phc v cho my bay vn ti tm trung th ch cn cung cp ch
cng lc d c hai cng-ten-n l t yu cu.
Ti phn khng phn mt t, khong cch tch bit nh nht gia cc khu d hng chuyn
th ng vo cc thit b khai bo l 2 m.
Trong khu phn loi hnh l phi c cc ng lu thng phng tin xe c mt chiu. Trong
trng hp ch lp t hai hoc ba thit b th cho php dng ng hai chiu v khong cch tch bit
gia cc thit b cn phi l 5 m. Nu lp t nhiu hn ba thit b th bt buc phi l ng mt
chiu.
Cc thit b vn chuyn hnh l cn phi c lp t cao lm vic thun tin to iu
kin cho cc nhn vin d lm vic trong khi kim d hnh l. Khi c s chnh lch nhiu v cao
gia mt ca bng chuyn hnh l v sn cng-ten-n (0,51 m cao hn so vi mt ng) th cn phi
c mt bng chuyn i. Chiu cao ln nht ca chnh gia bng chuyn ch nn l 0.1 m cao hn
so vi mt sn ng i ca khu x l trnh cc h hng c th xy ra cho trc gi di ng ca
cng-ten-n.
Ti mt s sn bay c cng sut ln, cc nhn vin mang vc hnh l mong mun c th y
nhanh tc phn pht hnh l bng cch s dng nhiu hn mt my khai bo cho mt chuyn bay
c th. H thng ny c bit thch hp i ph vi hnh l t nhng my bay ti trng ln v ch
nng ti nhng sn bay, h thng phn pht hnh l cn c thit k c th cho php kh nng
nhn hng kp t khu phn loi cng-ten-n. Cc h thng s dng cho mc ch ny c th rt khc

33
 TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

nhau tu thuc vo thc t ca tng vng. Cng cn lu m bo qui trnh hng kp khng lm
cn tr dng vn chuyn hnh l n thit b khai bo u tin hoc lm gim kh nng ca n xung
di mc cho php. Tuy nhin, nn xem cc quy trnh ny nh l cc cch sp xp ngu nhin khng
c nh, ch cn iu chnh khi n gy phin h v ln ln, bi cc khch hng phi tm qua t nht l
mt thit b khai bo mi c th tm thy hnh l ca mnh.
3.2.4.5 Khu khai bo hnh l
Khu khai bo hnh l l ni m hnh khch c th n bng chuyn hnh l nhn hoc khai
bo hnh l ca mnh. i vi cc chuyn bay ni a, nhng ngi ra n hnh khch u c th vo
khu vc ny. i vi cc chuyn bay quc t, khu vc dnh cho ngi ra n c t khu vc
cnh cng ra t ch kim tra an ninh quc gia (khu hi quan ni m hnh khch xch hnh l i qua).
Bn nhm thit b phn phi hnh l chnh thng c s dng l:
- Bng chuyn 2 chiu
- Bng chuyn o ngc
- Bng chuyn th ng
- Cc thit b lun chuyn hnh l khng trc tip theo vng trn
Cc thit b khai bo hnh l theo dng lun chuyn theo vng trn cho php hnh khch ch cn
ng mt ch ch hnh l c chuyn n ni mnh ang ch ly.
3.2.5 Khu cc dch v v thng mi
3.2.5.1 Thng tin lin lc:
Thc t cho thy s tng ln khng ngng c v phc tap cng nh v khi lng cng vic
ca cc hng hng khng, yu cu phi ci tin h thng thng tin lin lc trong nh ga hng khng,
c bit, hu ht cc hng hng khng hin nay u s dng my tnh ci tin tc v hiu sut
lm vic, nh : ti b phn iu hnh ga i, ln k hoch chuyn bay, khu in v ln my bay... l nhng
ni yu cu cc knh thng tin tin cy. Cc yu cu c th lin quan n cc h thng ny nh cc cp
ni, h thng ngun,...v th cng phi c tnh n trong qui hoch tng th nh ga. Do vy, phi c
s ng thun bi cc hng hng khng cung cp cho cc c quan c thm quyn sn bay cc
nh gi v cc chng loi v khi lng ca cc phng tin thng tin lin lc cn phi c trong nh
ga phc v cc mc ch sau:
- Cc trao i lin lc ni b trong nh ga.
- Cc lin lc ngoi tuyn dnh cho mc ch s dng ca cc hng hng khng, dnh cho hnh
khch v cng chng.
- Lin lc ca sn bay vi cc hng hng khng khc, cc dch v v phng tin khc.
Nhng iu ny u cn c trong khi hoch nh vi cc yu cu ti a.
Di y l nhng yu cu c bn i vi mt h thng thng tin lin lc ca sn bay:
- C th ni ng dy lin lc th ng n cc vn phng vn hnh, hot ng sn bay bng h
thng in thoi trc tip. H thng ny b tr cho bt k tng i no trc y sn bay.
- Cc hng hng khng s yu cu phi cung cp mt h thng thng tin lin lc y (c bit
l phi c my fax v in thoi)

34
TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

- Chng ti khuyn co nn dng h thng in thoi ni b t ng dnh cho sn bay, vi cc

kt ni t ng ra h thng in thoi ngoi tuyn
- Dch v in thoi, my fax v bu chnh sn bay dnh cho hnh khch, phi hnh on v
cng chng ni chung cn phi c t v tr thun tin v v c bn phi hot ng 24/24 gi nu
cn. Phi lp t h thng in thoi cng cng cc khu c ch hot ng chnh v cc cng ra v
vo dnh cho hnh khch n v i. Ngoi ra, cng cn c cc phng tin cho cc hnh
khch qu cnh c th gi cc cuc in thoi ng di hoc gi tin nhn. in thoi ni trc tip vi
cc cng ty cp v cc khch sn a phng cng cn phi c t cc v tr thun tin.
- Cn phi c cc dch v thng tin lin lc gia cc vn phng ca hng hng khng trong mt
nh ga v vi cc nhn vin thuc khu d hng ca my bay (apron) trong a phn nh ga ni
chung. Trong mt vi trng hp, cng cn trang b h thng dch v in thoi mi im vn hnh
v cc v tr vo ra ca cc nhn vin phc v khu d hng.
H thng thng tin lin lc qua radio trong a phn sn bay:
Ngoi cc h thng trn, cc hng hng khng cn yu cu phi c cc h thng lin lc ni b
qua radio vi phm vi lin lc b trong ranh gii sn bay. Vi h thng thuc dng ny, tn s phi
c phn b n mi hng hng khng ring v phi c cc giy php theo lut nh c s
dng cc phng tin ny. Trong nhng trng hp , cng cn phi c khong trng phc v
vic kim sot iu khin cc trm lin lc v cc thit b dy cp treo kch thc nh km theo.
H thng thng tin cng cng:
Trong nh ga, cn c mt h thng thng tin cng cng hiu qu v phi p ng c mt s
hay tt c cc yu cu nu ra sau y tu thuc vo tm c ca nh ga:
- Phi cung cp c mt h thng thng tin tng hp hin th ly t khu kim sot trung tm
gim thiu cc yu cu c nhn gi n hng hng khng tm thng tin
- C bng hin th thng tin cng cng trong khu nh ga dnh cho hnh khch i, c tnh n c
vic khai bo li hnh l, c th l bng thng tin hin th dng v tinh t pha trn cc thit b khai
bo hnh l.
- C h thng a ch cng cng hoc s dng thng bo thu sn trong bng hoc dng thng
bo a phng c truyn trc tip. H thng ny phi c kh nng thng bo trn khp a phn
nh ga hoc mt vi khu vc chn sn. Cn phi c s lin lc v kt ni trc tip gia trung tm
thng bo hoc trung tm iu khin hin th thng tin v cc cng, cc vn phng kim sot v cc b
phn khc ca hng thng qua h thng in thoi hay h thng mn hnh v tuyn.
- Cc bng thng tin chuyn bay (FIDS) khu cng cng ca nh ga vi thng tin hin th v tinh
cc nhnh v cc cng, cung cp thng tin v cc my bay n v i nhm phc v cho hnh khch
v cc ngi ra n. Thng tin y bao gm c nh dng thng tin v cc d liu cn phi c c
hai h thng a ch cng cng v a ch hin th trong khu c cc qui trnh vn hnh lin quan.
3.2.5.2 Cc khu thng mi v khu phc v:
Khu dch v thng mi:

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 TCCS 17 : 2014/CHK

Vic xc nh cc phng tin cng cng ph thuc vo nhu cu ca s lng hnh khch v
cc c trng giao thng ca tng cng hng khng ring bit. Cc dch v cn thit nh nh v sinh
s c xc nh da trn nguyn tc v t l ngi dng lm sao phi p ng c cc yu cu ti
thiu nht. Nhng t l ny c tham chiu tiu chun thit k nh cng cng. Cc phng tin
khc c xc nh bi cc c quan iu hnh v khai thc cng hng khng.
Trong cc trng hp c bit, cc yu cu ti thiu t tiu chun cng phi c tnh ton
rt c th ng thi da trn nguyn tc phn tch th trng hoc bng vic nh gi v rt kinh
nghim t thc tin trc .
Cc dch v cng cng trong nh ga thng bao gm cc hng mc nh sau:
- Dch v ngn hng
- Hiu ct tc v thm m vin/ ca hng chm sc sc p
- Qun c ph/qun nc
- Snh i c phc v cocktail
- Hiu bn c ph v n nh
- Dch v i tin
- Ca hng min thu
- Phng cu h
- Phng thng tin chung
- Quy bn qu tng
- Dch v bn bo him
- Quy bn bo
- Phng y t v phng ngh
- Dch v nhn tin
- Phng thuc
- Dch v bu in
- Khu vc quan st cng cng
- Dch v in thoi cng cng
- Nh n
- Nh v sinh
- Dch v cho c nhn
Khu phc v:
Kch thc ca khu phc v trong nh ga c tnh ton theo s lng nhn vin nh ga v
nhn vin u tin v thng c thit lp theo cc yu cu ti thiu, da trn cc hp ng k kt
gia lao dng v cc nh qun l.
Khu phc v trong nh ga thng bao gm:
- Khu hnh chnh sn bay
- Khu thng trc ln k hoch chuyn bay
- Qun nc v phng n tra

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- Phng ngh dnh cho nhn vin

- Phng v sinh dnh cho nhn vin
- Phng cu h
- Khu chun b thc n
- Khu bo dng
- Vn phng
- Phng cnh st v an ninh hng khng
- Phng bu in v cp
- Khu ph thi.

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Phn 2: Nhng quy nh, cn c tnh ton v phng php

tnh ton thit k nh ga hnh khch hng khng

4. Quy nh chung v quy hoch cng hng khng-sn bay

Quy hoch Cng Hng-sn bay khng c ngha rt quan trng i vi Nh ga Hnh khch
Hng khng cng nh cc cng trnh khc trong ton Cng Hng khng-sn bay. m bo hi
nhp vi th gii cng nh thng nht trong ton quc, khi quy hoch cng hng khng-sn bay cn
thc hin nhng quy nh nh sau:

4.1 Mt s quy nh ca ICAO

4.1.1 Nhng quy nh ny bao gm cc iu khon i vi cc cng hng khng-sn bay nhm
m bo an ton cho my bay ct cnh, h cnh, ln, v ch phc v k thut cng nh cc vn
an ton an ninh khc trong cng hng khng-sn bay
4.1.2 Cc quy nh m t nhng c trng hnh hc, iu kin t nhin v b mt gii hn cc
chng ngi vt (OLS) m cng hng khng-SN BAY phi p ng, nhng phng tin v dch v
k thut thng thng m bo cho cng hng khng hot ng. Cc quy nh ny khng phi l gii
hn k thut hoc quy tc iu chnh hot ng ca tu bay.
4.1.3 Nhng yu cu k thut t ra cho tng thit b, cng trnh c trnh by trong tiu chun
ny c lin kt vi nhau bng h thng m chun cng hng khng, cn gi l cp cng hng
khng-SN BAY. Cc quy nh ny c lin quan n loi ng ct h cnh (CHC) v cc trang thit
b km theo.
4.1.4 Tiu chun ny quy nh nhng yu cu k thut ti thiu i vi cng hng khng-SN
BAY dng cho cc loi tu bay hin ang khai thc hoc cc loi tu bay s a vo khai thc c tnh
nng tng t. Khng xt bt k mt gii php d phng b sung cn thit no cho cc loi tu bay c
yu cu cao hn.
4.1.5 Nhng yu cu k thut i vi ng CHC tip cn chnh xc cp CAT II v III ch p
dng vi ng CHC m s 3 v 4.
4.1.6 Cc yu cu k thut ca tiu chun ny c p dng cho tt c cc cng hng khng-
sn bay dn dng.
4.1.7 Khi thit k v khai thc sn bay dng chung cho qun s th xem xt p dng thm tiu
chun sn bay qun s vi nguyn tc p dng tiu chun cao hn yu cu an ton ca quy nh ny.
4.1.8 Sn bay trc thng v sn bay cho tu bay s dng ng CHC ngn phi p dng tiu
chun ring.
4.1.9 Cc yu cu k thut nu trong chng ny ca tiu chun ch p dng cho cc cng
hng khng-sn bay trn t lin.
4.1.10 Trong Tiu chun ny khng ra yu cu v quy hoch v tr cng hng khng-SN
BAY nh khong cch gia cc cng hng khng gn nhau hoc nng lc thng qua ca tng Cng
hng khng - sn bay ring bit hoc nhng yu t kinh t v cc yu t phi k thut khc phi xt n

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trong qu trnh quy hoch pht trin Cng hng khng - sn bay. Tuy nhin, an ton hng khng l mt
b phn khng th thiu ca cng tc quy hoch v khai thc Cng hng khng - sn bay. Do vy,
trong Tiu chun ny qui nh v mt s d liu nhm nng cao an ton ca cc Cng hng khng -
sn bay.

4.2 Cc h qui chiu chung

4.2.1 H qui chiu ngang:
H quy chiu hay h trc a quc t 1984 (WGS-84) c s dng lm h qui chiu ngang.
H to a l hng khng (kinh v v ) c biu th bng cc thut ng ca h d liu trc a
chun quc t WGS-84.
4.2.2 H qui chiu ng:
Cc s liu mc nc bin trung bnh (MSL), cho bit quan h gia cao lin quan n lc hp
dn ng vi b mt ca Geoid, c s dng lm h qui chiu ng.
CH THCH:
- Ton b mt Geoid xp x MSL. N c nh ngha nh b mt ng th ng nht ca tri t
vi MSL tnh lng m rng lin tc xuyn qua cc lc a.
- cao ng vi lc hp dn c hiu nh l cao trc c, ngha l chiu cao ca cc im
pha trn ng elipsoit, cng l cao elipsoid.
4.2.3 H qui chiu thi gian:
- H thng lch Gregorian v H to gi quc t (UTC) c dng lm h qui chiu thi gian.
- Khi dng mt h quy chiu thi gian khc, th phi ch r iu ny trong GEN 2.1.2 ca Bn
thng bo tin tc hng khng (AIP).
LU
Khi thit k quy hoch Cng hng khng - sn bay cn lu n nhng yu cu sau:
Cng Hng khng-sn bay phi xem xt thng nht yu cu v kin trc v c s h tng c lin
quan nhm m bo ti u tiu chun an ton Hng khng dn dng.
- Bn thit k Cng hng khng - sn bay phi p ng cc yu cu s dng t v kim sot
mi trng.
(Xem Ph lc trang 85).

4.3 Ni dung chi tit Quy hoch cng hng khng-sn bay
Quy hoch mt cng hng khng-sn bay bao gm cc ni dung chi tit nh sau:
4.3.1 Quy hoch v tr, mt bng chi tit cc cng trnh ca cng hng khng-sn bay c bit
Nh ga Hng khng;
4.3.2 Quy hoch cc cng trnh k thut: gii hn pht trin khng gian, gii hn tnh khng,
ting n; din tch, mt xy dng; h s s dng, tng cao; v tr, quy m cng trnh ngm;
4.3.3 Quy hoch h thng sn ng: v tr, quy m cc hng mc cng trnh khu bay; cc ta
, cao khng ch; cc mt ct in hnh;
4.3.4 Quy hoch h thng qun l v iu hnh bay;

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4.3.5 Quy hoch khu vc xy dng tr s cc c quan qun l Nh nc hot ng ti Cng

hng khng - sn bay; khu vc xy dng cc cng trnh cung cp dch v hng khng, dch v phi hng
khng;
4.3.6 Quy hoch h thng giao thng: xc nh lu lng, mt , cp ng; t chc mng
li giao thng chnh; cc tuyn v cng trnh giao thng ni cng, tuyn ng kt ni vi ng
giao thng cng cng; cao khng ch cc u mi, cc mt ct ngang in hnh;
4.3.7 Quy hoch h thng cp, thot nc: cp nc chung; cp nc cha chy; cp nc
cho tu bay; thot nc mt (cc ch tiu tnh ton, cc hng thot nc; cc loi cng trnh thot
nc, cng trnh iu tit; cc cao khng ch chnh); thot nc thi (ngun nc thi, thnh phn
nc thi; bin php x l nc thi);
4.3.8 Quy hoch cp in: xc nh nhu cu cp in, ch tiu quy hoch, cp hng; xc nh
ngun in, mng li trm v ng cp trc chnh; h thng m bo an ton cp in, cp bo
m v qun l iu hnh; quy m, v tr cc hng mc cng trnh chnh;
4.3.9 Quy hoch h thng bo m nhin liu: xc nh nhu cu, ch tiu quy hoch, cp hng;
quy m, v tr cc hng mc cng trnh chnh;
4.3.10 Quy hoch h thng khn nguy, cu nn: ch tiu tiu chun, yu cu, cp hng khn
nguy, cu nn; cc thnh phn cng trnh chnh, quy m v v tr;
4.3.11 Quy hoch khng gian, bao gm ti cc khu vc sn bay v tip cn: ng ra, vo; vng
ch tm thi, s tip cn;
4.3.12 Quy hoch chi tit cc nh ga: xc nh v tr, quy m nh ga; khu phc v k thut; sn
t; tuyn ng kt ni vi ng giao thng cng cng;
4.3.13 Quy hoch s dng t ai: nhu cu s dng t ai; lp ranh gii, ch gii quy hoch
mt bng, khng gian khu vc;
4.3.14 Xc nh nhu cu vn u t xy dng, phn k xy dng: phn k thc hin m bo
xy dng tng giai on mt cch ng b; tng khi ton u t v phn k xy dng.
5. Tiu chun v quy hoch xy dng
Quy hoch cng hng khng-sn bay l loi quy hoch xy dng, v th tt c cc ni dung ca
tiu chun ny v QHXD c dn chiu theo Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam v Quy hoch
(QCXDVN) ban hnh ti quyt nh s 682/BXD-CSXD ngy 14/12/1996; s 439/BXD-CSXD ngy
25/9/1997 ca B trng B Xy dng.
5.1 Phm vi p dng
Thc hin cc ni dung QHXD trong qu trnh lp, thm nh v ph duyt cc n quy hoch
xy dng; l c s php l qun l vic ban hnh, p dng cc tiu chun quy hoch xy dng v
cc quy nh v qun l xy dng theo quy hoch ti a phng, ni c cng hng khng-sn bay.
5.2 Khu vc bo v cng trnh v khong cch ly v sinh, an ton
Trong Quy hoch xy dng, vic quy hoch v qun l quy hoch xy dng phi tun th cc
quy nh chuyn ngnh v khu vc bo v v khong cch ly v sinh, an ton bao gm:
5.2.1 Khu vc bo v ca cc cng trnh k thut h tng;

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5.2.2 iu, cng trnh thy li;

5.2.3 Cng trnh giao thng: ng b, ng st, ng thy, ng khng;
5.2.4 H thng thng tin lin lc;
5.2.5 Li in cao p;
5.2.6 ng ng dn kh t, dn du;
5.2.7 Cng trnh cp nc, thot nc;
5.2.8 Ngun nc.
5.2.9 Khu vc bo v di tch lch s, vn ha, danh lam thng cnh v cc khu bo tn.
5.2.10 Khu vc bo v cng trnh an ninh, quc phng.
5.2.11 Khu vc cch ly gia khu dn dng vi:
- X nghip cng nghip, tiu th cng nghip;
- Kho tng;
- Trm bm, trm x l nc thi;
- Khu x l cht thi rn, ngha trang;
- V tr n mn khai thc than, t, .
5.2.12 Khong cch an ton chng chy gia cc loi cng trnh:
- Gia cc nh v cng trnh dn dng vi nhau;
- Gia cc cng trnh cng nghip vi cc cng trnh khc;
- Gia kho nhin liu, trm xng du, trm phn phi kh t vi cc cng trnh khc.
5.2.13 Khong cch an ton bay.
5.2.14 Khong cch an ton i vi khu vc c kh nng xy ra thin tai, tai bin a cht (st,
nt, trt l, l qut,), phng x.

6. Yu cu i vi cng tc Quy hoch Cng Hng khng-sn bay

6.1 Cc yu cu chung
Quy hoch Cng Hng khng-sn bay phi m bo c cc yu cu di y:
6.1.1 Tun th Lut HKDD v cc vn bn php quy hin hnh v quy hoch xy dng, v qun
l khai thc cc Cng Hng khng-sn bay.
6.1.2 Ph hp vi quy hoch mng li cng hng khng-sn bay v mng ng hng khng
quc gia c ph duyt.
6.1.3 Tun th cc quy nh php l c lin quan v bo v cc cng trnh k thut, cng trnh
quc phng, di tch lch s, vn ha v bo v mi trng.
6.1.4 Ph hp vi c im ca a phng v:
6.1.4.1 iu kin t nhin: a hnh, a cht, a cht thy vn, t ai, ngun nc, mi trng,
kh hu, ti nguyn, cnh quan;
6.1.4.2 Kinh t: hin trng v tim nng pht trin ca vng kinh t c cng hng khng hot
ng khai thc;
6.1.4.3 X hi: dn s, phong tc, tp qun, tn ngng...

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6.1.5 m bo vic xy dng mi, ci to, m rng cc cng hng khng-sn bay t hiu qu
v cc mt:
Bo m cc iu kin an ton, v sinh, tin nghi cho nhng ngi lm vic v sinh sng trong
khu vc c Cng HK-SN BAY c xy dng.
6.1.6 Bo v c li ch ca ton x hi, bao gm:
6.1.6.1 Bo v mi trng sng, cnh quan v cc di tch lch s, vn ha, gi gn v pht trin
bn sc vn ha dn tc;
6.1.6.2 Ph hp vi xu th pht trin kinh t, chnh tr, x hi;
6.1.6.3 m bo cc yu cu v quc phng, an ninh;
6.1.6.4 m bo pht trin bn vng.
6.1.7 S dng hp l vn u t, t ai v ti nguyn.
6.1.8 S dng bn vng ti nguyn mi trng.

7. Cc yu cu k thut i vi quy hoch Cng Hng khng-sn bay

Quy hoch Cng Hng khng-sn bay phi tun th theo cc yu cu c th nh sau:
7.1 V tr ca Cng Hng khng-sn bay:
Cng Hng khng-sn bay phi b tr ngoi th, m bo ng khong cch ti khu dn dng,
c d phng kh nng pht trin khu dn dng trong tng lai.
7.2 Quy m, tng din tch t:
Khi lp n quy hoch, quy m v din tch t ca Cng Hng khng-sn bay phi c tnh
ton theo cc tiu chun chuyn ngnh Hng khng v quy nh ca cc t chc hng khng dn dng
quc t (ICAO, IAT ).
7.3 m bo tnh h thng, ng thi m bo yu cu b tr hn hp nhiu loi chc nng khc
nhau trong tng khu vc c th mt cch hp l m bo tnh hiu qu, linh hot v bn vng cho
ton cng hng khng, tun th theo cu trc chin lc pht trin chung ca tan th;
7.4 m bo cc yu cu v bo v mi trng, bo v cnh quan, phng chng chy v phi
c lin h thun tin vi cc khu chc nng khc nhau trong th bng h thng giao thng hp l
v an ton, m bo bn knh phc v ca cc cng trnh cng cng, dch v v cng vin cy xanh.
7.5 Quy hoch phn khu chc nng trong Cng hng khng-sn bay phi tn dng a hnh t
nhin, hin trng kinh t, x hi v cng trnh xy dng t chc khng gian ph hp v b tr h
thng k thut t hiu qu cao v thm m, v u t v khai thc s dng.
7.6 T chc khng gian ti Cng hng khng - sn bay trn mt t v di mt t phi c
kt ni hp l.
7.7 Quy hoch s dng t cc khu chc nng trong Cng hng khng - sn bay phi c xc
nh trn c s cc iu kin c th ca tng khu vc: mc tiu s dng; iu kin t nhin v hin
trng; qu t pht trin...; m bo mi trng trong sch v lm vic thun li cho cc b phn trong
cng, nng cao hiu qu qu t hng ti pht trin bn vng.

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7.8 Ngoi cc nhu cu ca bn thn khu vc quy hoch Cng hng khng - sn bay, quy m cc
khu chc nng phi tnh n vic p ng nhu cu ca cc khu vc ln cn cng nh ton th ph
hp vi tnh cht ca khu vc quy hoch Cng hng khng - sn bay c xc nh trong cu trc
chin lc chung ca ton th.
7.9 Giao thng Cng Hng khng-sn bay:
7.9.1 Giao thng ngoi cng:
- Phi m bo s lin h thun tin, nhanh chng, chnh xc gia h thng giao thng cng
cng ca th vi cng hng khng-SN BAY.
- ng t cc th loi c bit, loi I v II n cng hng khng-SN BAY, nu di trn 20km
th cn phi xy dng ng t cao tc.
7.9.2 Giao thng ni cng:
- Phi m bo khong cch an ton phng chng chy gia cc cng trnh cng cng khng
c nh hn 6 m. ng dnh cho xe cha chy phi c chiu rng thng thu khng nh hn 3,5
m v chiu cao thng thu khng nh hn 4,25 m. Cui ng ct phi c khong trng quay xe.
Kch thc ch quay xe khng nh 15 m x 15 m.
- i vi nhng cng trnh c xy mi hoc ci to, cn c vo quy m v th loi cng trnh,
s ngi s dng trong cng trnh m tnh ton din tch bi xe cho ph hp. Bi xe c th t
ngay trong cng trnh hoc ngoi cng trnh.
- Phi b tr y din tch bi u xe taxi, xe bus; h thng giao thng phi thun tin cho
hnh khch tip cn cc phng tin giao thng cng cng ni trn.
(Xem Ph lc B)

8. Tiu chun chung v xy dng cng trnh nh ga hnh khch

Cn c Quy chun k thut quc gia s QCVN 03: 2009/BXD v phn loi, phn cp cng trnh
xy dng dn dng, cng nghip v h tng k thut th (Vietnam building code on classifications
and grading of civil and industrial buildings and urban infrastructures) do B Xy dng ban hnh km
theo Thng t s 33/2009/TT-BXD ngy 30 thng 9 nm 2009 th Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng ti
cc Cng Hng khng thuc nhm cng trnh cng cng v giao thng (A1.2.7).
V vy, khi nghin cu thit k v xy dng Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng phi tun th nhng
im nh sau:

8.1 Mc tiu ca u t xy dng nh ga hnh khch hng khng

Mc tiu ca vic u t xy dng Nh ga Hnh khng l m bo cng trnh c thit k v
xy dng p ng cc yu cu s dng, khai thc; ph hp vi cc c im t nhin, con ngi, x
hi, kinh t v k thut ca Vit Nam.

8.2 Yu cu chung i vi cng trnh Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng

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Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng c thit k, xy dng phi m bo uc cc yu cu nh

quy nh di y v:
8.2.1 Quy hoch v thit k kin trc:
8.2.1.1 Quy hoch:
im quan trng nht trong quy hoch l la chn a im u t xy dng cng hng
khng ni chung v nh ga hnh khch hng khng ni ring. a im xy dng Nh ga Hnh khch
Hng khng phi p ng cc yu cu sau:
- Ph hp vi d n quy hoch c duyt ca Cng Hng khng-Sn bay; trng hp khu vc
cha c quy hoch c ph duyt, a im xy dng cng trnh phi do cp c thm quyn ph
duyt quy hoch chp thun.
- Khng nm trong khu vc cm xy dng (v nhng l do bo v: mi trng, ti nguyn, cnh
quan, di tch, bo v cc cng trnh k thut h tng, cng trnh quc phng), nh quy nh trn.
- Khng lm nh hng xu ti cnh quan v khng lm nhim mi trng qu gii hn cho
php.
- Bo m cc yu cu v phng chng chy, n.
- Tit kim t, nht l t canh tc.
8.2.1.2 Thit k kin trc.
Thit k kin trc ca Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng (quy hoch tng mt bng, t hp hnh
khi khng gian, trang tr ni ngoi tht, b tr sn vn) phi m bo cc yu cu sau:
- Ph hp vi cc quy nh v qun l xy dng ca ton Cng Hng khng sn bay;
- Thit k kin trc xy dng mi Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng phi thc hin bt buc
vic thi tuyn phng n kin trc theo khon 2 - iu 55 ca Lut Xy dng.
- p ng c ton b yu cu s dng ca cng trnh, lin h thun tin v tch cc i vi
cc cng trnh c lin quan.
- p ng c yu cu v tnh hin i, dn tc v hnh dng bn ngoi, ph hp vi dy
chuyn cng ngh cao ca cc b phn trong nh ga v c kh nng m rng, pht trin trong tng
lai.
- Ph hp vi iu kin kh hu ca a phng, khai thc mt thun li v hn ch mt bt li
ca thin nhin; tn dng thng gi v chiu sng t nhin.
- Hi ho vi cnh quan thin nhin v nhn to ca ni xy dng, tn dng cc yu t mt
nc, cy xanh, ng x sn c;

8.2.2 An ton v kt cu:

8.2.2.1 Yu cu chung:
Cng trnh phi m bo an ton s dng bnh thng trong sut thi gian thi cng v s dng
nh sau:
- n nh ca cng trnh phi c tnh ton ph hp vi loi cng trnh theo mi yu t tc
ng ln chng bao gm:

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T hp bt li nht ca cc ti trng, k c ti trng gy ph hoi t t;

Cc tc ng khc, k c tc ng theo thi gian.
- Cng trnh, b phn cng trnh, vt liu phi duy tr c vic s dng bnh thng, khng b
bin dng, rung ng v suy gim cc tnh cht ho l khc qu mc cho php.
8.2.2.2 Vt liu s dng cho cng trnh phi m bo bn lu: p ng cc yu cu s dng
c ph duyt thit k, khng phi sa cha ln trong thi gian quy nh nht nh.
8.2.2.3 Yu cu v gii php thit k kt cu:
V ti trng v tc ng cn lu hai im sau:
- Ti trng v tc ng thit k cng trnh phi ph hp vi cc yu cu thit k (trong tiu
chun TCVN 2737-2006: "Ti trng v tc ng. Yu cu thit k"), c b sung, hiu chnh theo cc kt
qu quan trc ti a im xy dng.
- Ti trng gi phi c tnh n khng ch trong thit k m c trong thi cng.
Lu :
Xy dng cng trnh Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng trong vng c gi bo cn trnh cc gii
php kin trc, kt cu c cc b phn hoc chi tit m khi gp bo hoc ma to s to nn cc ti
trng ph bt li, cc dao ng c bin ln, cc ti nc. Ch s dng cc loi hnh kt cu c li
v mt kh ng hc, cc loi kt cu bn vng, hin i, cu to truyn thng c kh nng chng bo
tt.

8.2.3 An ton v phng chng chy, n:

a im xy dng cng trnh phi t cc yu cu sau:
8.2.3.1 Hn ch c nh hng xu ti dn c v cng trnh cc khu vc ln cn, mt khi
xy ra chy n
8.2.3.2 m bo cho cc phng tin cha chy hot ng hiu qu v an ton: c ng giao
thng thun tin, thng xuyn m bo ngun nc cha chy.
8.2.3.3 i vi cng trnh:
Vic thit k, thi cng v s dng cng trnh phi m bo:
- Ngn nga kh nng to ra mi trng chy, n; s dng vt liu, cu kin c mc chu la
ph hp vi cng nng, quy m cng trnh;
- Cch ly mi trng d chy n vi mi ngun gy chy n,
- C cc bin php chng chy, n ph hp:
C phng tin pht hin v bo chy thch hp;
m bo li thot an ton v kp thi cho mi ngi ang bn trong cng trnh;
Ngn nga chy, n lan rng;
Trang b cc phng tin cha chy ph hp, c hiu qu.

8.2.4 V sinh v tin nghi:

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Cc cng trnh Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng phi c thit k m bo cc yu cu v v

sinh v tin nghi cho ngi s dng theo d kin, k c ngi tn tt.

8.2.5 Cc yu cu v an ton khc:

8.2.5.1 V bo v ti nguyn, mi trng:
Cng trnh c xy dng phi:
- Khng gy tc ng xu ti mi trng: m bo cc quy nh k thut v bo v mi trng,
bo v c cnh quan.
- Bo v c cc khu bo tn thin nhin, cc di tch lch s, vn ho, kin trc.
- m bo khai thc hp l ti nguyn thin nhin, khng gy kh khn, cn tr cho cc bc
khai thc tip theo.
- Tn trng phong tc, tp qun, tn ngng ca cc dn tc ti ni xy dng cng trnh.
8.2.5.2 n ton v phng chng l lt:
Trong trung hp cng trnh xy dng vng cnh bin hoc cc vng ngp lt phi m bo
an ton cho ngi s dng, phng trnh ngp lt, sp, tri v sng, nc dng. Nu xy dng vng
trung du, vng ni phi c bin php trnh tn tht l qut, l ni v xi mn t.
8.2.5.3 n ton v phng chng ng t:
Theo yu cu khng chn, cc cng trnh xy dng c phn lm 3 cp t 1 n 3. Nh ga
Hnh khch Hng khng thung c thit k l cng trnh cp I (tr nhng trng hp ci to, nng
cp nhng nh ga c khng thuc cng trnh cp I) nn phi tun theo nhng quy nh i vi cng
trnh cp I.
8.2.5.3.1 Cng trnh cp 1:
Cng trnh cp 1 l nhng cng trnh c bit quan trng, khng cho php c bin dng v h
hng cc b. i vi cng trnh cp 1, phi p dng cc bin php khng chn theo cp ng t cc
i vi mi tn sut.
8.2.5.3.2 Cng trnh cp 2:
Cng trnh cp 2 l nhng cng trnh thng thng, cho php c bin dng nh nt, h hng
cu kin ring l nhng phi m bo an ton cho ngi v thit b. i vi ngnh Hng khng th
cng trnh cp 2 c p dng i vi nhng nh ga tm thi hoc ci to nh ga c.
- Khi thit k cng trnh cp 2, phi thit k khng chn vi cp ng t c la chn cho tng
trng hp c th.
8.2.5.3.3 Cng trnh cp 3:
Cc cng trnh cp 3 l nhng cng trnh khi b ph hu do ng t t c kh nng gy cht
ngi hoc thit hi ln v kinh t.
Khng p dng loi cp cng trnh ny cho Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng trn ton lnh th
Vit nam.
8.2.5.3.4 Cp ng t:

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Cp ng t cc i im xy dng c xc nh theo bn phn vng ng t (ph lc

2.3 trong QCXD tp 3) v hiu chnh theo iu kin nn t ti a im .
8.2.5.3.5 Thit k khng chn:
Gii php v tnh ton thit k khng chn c chn theo cc tiu chun khng chn hin hnh.
8.2.5.4 Chng n mn:
8.2.5.4.1 Tt c cc Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng c xy dng v s dng iu kin kh
hu Vit Nam u phi c bin php chng n mn thch hp.
8.2.5.4.2 Cc bin php chng n mn c la chn phi c hiu qu, lu bn v kinh t. Bin
php bo v kt cu v cng trnh chu tc dng n mn ca ho cht hoc sinh vt, phi ph hp vi
c im ca tc nhn n mn (loi ho cht, cht do sinh vt tit ra) v tc ng ph hoi kt cu ca
chng.
8.2.5.4.3 Gii php k thut c chp thun:
c php p dng nhng gii php chng n mn di y:
- i vi kt cu kim loi: Sn ph (p dng cho kt cu tip xc vi khng kh). Kt hp sn
ph vi bo v in ho (p dng cho kt cu nm trong nc v trong t).
- i vi kt cu b tng ct thp v b tng ct thp ng lc trc: Dng loi xi mng thch hp
vi mi trng. p dng cc bin php lm tng cht ca b tng, nng cao kh nng chng thm
cho b tng. Chn chiu dy lp b tng bo v ct thp ph hp vi mi trng xm thc. Sn ph
mt ngoi ngn nc thm. Bo v ct thp bng phng php in ho thch hp. Cc b cp
hoc b si thp cng cao trong b tng ct thp ng lc trc phi c chng r v t trong
rcnh kn thn kt cu b tng, khng c t trong cc rnh h ri ph kn bng va xi mng.
8.2.5.5 Chng thm:
8.2.5.5.1 Chng thm cho cng trnh phi c d tnh ngay t khu thit k cho n khu thi
cng.
8.2.5.5.2 Vt liu chng thm c s dng phi ph hp vi cc c im ca Vit Nam l: kh
hu nhit i nng m, ma nhiu, mc nc ngm ni chung cao.
8.2.5.5.3 Gii php k thut c chp thun:
c php p dng nhng gii php chng thm di y:
- Ngm nc xi mng trn b mt b tng chng thm;
- Sn bitum cao su;
- Lng va xi mng ct vng c lp vt liu chng nng pha trn.
- Vt liu v k thut chng thm mi, c hiu qu.
8.2.5.5.4 Khng c chng thm bng cc gii php, vt liu sau:
- Qut bitum;
- Dn giy du hay giy cao su cch nc;
- Lng va xi mng m khng c lp vt liu chng nng pha trn.
8.2.5.6 Chng st:
8.2.5.6.1 Yu cu chng st cho cng trnh:

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Theo yu cu chng st, cc cng trnh xy dng trong c Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng
phi thit k v lp t h thng chng st theo quy nh v chng st.
8.2.5.6.2 H thng chng st:
- H thng ni t chng st cho cng trnh phi ph hp vi cc iu kin a hnh, a cht, kh
tng v c im cng trnh.
- Phi p dng bin php chng st ngay khi bt u thi cng xy lp cc kt cu bng kim loi
trn cao, ngoi tri v khi lp t cc thit b k thut trong nh. Khi lp t trang thit b chng st
cho cng trnh phi m bo an ton cho ngi, thit b k thut v ton b cng trnh trong vng c
bo v chng st.
- Phi hon chnh trang thit b chng st ngay khi xy dng xong cng trnh. Sau khi lp t
phi tin hnh th nghim, nghim thu. Trong qu trnh s dng phi thng xuyn kim tra, bo
dng nh k.
- Thit k chng st cho cc cng trnh k thut chuyn ngnh (Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng)
phi tun theo cc tiu chun chng st chuyn ngnh.
8.2.5.7 Nhit k thut:
8.2.5.7.1 Chng nng, chng lnh:
- i vi cc cng trnh xy dng pha Nam, thuc min kh hu B theo bn phn vng kh
hu ca tiu chun "TCVN 4088-85 S liu kh hu dng trong thit k xy dng" (xem QCXD tp 3
ph lc 2.1), cn thit k cc kt cu ngn che theo yu cu chng nng.
- i vi cc cng trnh xy dng pha Bc, thuc min kh hu cn c thit k theo c 2
yu cu chng nng ma h v chng lnh ma ng. min ni cao (trn 1.000 m so vi mt bin)
ch cn thit k theo yu cu chng lnh.
8.2.5.7.2 Che nng:
- Cc cng trnh c yu cu chng nng u phi c kt cu che nng cho mi loi ca v hn
ch ti a s lng ca m v hng ty.
- Kt cu che nng cn c tnh ton vo cc thng nng, tia nng khng chiu trc tip vo
phng t 9g00 n 16g30.
8.2.5.7.3 Che ma ht:
Phi thit k che ma ht vo cc ca v cc trng. Thit k kt cu che ma ht phi da
trn lng ma, gc ma ri, tc , tn sut v hng gi thnh hnh trong ma ma, hng m cc
ca v cc trng.
8.2.5.8 Phng chng cc sinh vt gy hi:
- Cc cng trnh s dng vt liu xy dng c ngun gc thc vt hoc cng trnh c dng
sn xut, lu tr hng ho c thnh phn si xenluylo u phi x l k thut phng chng cc sinh
vt gy hi nh: mi, mt, nm.
- Cng trnh xy dng di nc mn phi c chng h.
- Cc ho cht bo qun v phng php bo qun phi khng gy nhim mi trng, m
bo cc quy nh ca tiu chun Vit Nam v mi trng.

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- Cm nhp khu v s dng cc vt liu xy dng c mang theo cc sinh vt gy hi.

8.2.5.9 Chng n, rung:
Phi m bo chng n, rung trong sut thi gian s dng cng trnh.

9. Yu cu v ngoi tht ca nh ga
9.1 Yu cu v tng mt bng cng trnh:
9.1.1 Thit k tng mt bng cng trnh phi cn c vo cng nng s dng ca tng th loi
cng trnh, dy chuyn cng ngh ph hp c phn khu chc nng r rng ng thi phi ph hp
vi quy hoch c duyt.
9.1.2 B cc v khong cch kin trc phi m bo cc yu cu v phng, chng chy, chiu
sng, thng gi, chng n, khong cch ly v sinh, ng thi ph hp nhng yu cu di y:
9.1.2.1 Gii quyt tt mi quan h gia vic xy dng trc mt v d kin pht trin tng lai,
gia cng trnh xy dng kin c vi cng trnh xy dng tm thi;
9.1.2.2 B tr kin trc phi c li cho thng gi t nhin mt ma h, hn ch gi lnh v ma
ng.
9.1.2.3 Thun tin cho vic thit k h thng k thut cng trnh bao gm: cung cp in, nc,
thot nc, trang thit b k thut, thng tin lin lc;
9.1.2.4 Khi thit k nh ga nn thit k ng b trang tr ni, ngoi tht, ng giao thng, sn
vn, cng v tng ro.
9.1.3 Trn mt bng cng trnh phi b tr h thng thot nc mt v nc ma. Gii php
thit k thot nc phi xc nh da theo yu cu quy hoch ca Cng Hng khng-sn bay cng
nh ca khu vc th ti a phng.
9.1.4 Cc cng trnh c gng m bo mt cy xanh theo iu l qun l xy dng a
phng. Loi cy v phng thc b tr cy xanh phi cn c vo iu kin kh hu ca tng a
phng, cht t v cng nng ca mi trng xc nh. Khong cch cc di cy xanh vi cng
trnh, ng x v ng ng phi ph hp vi quy nh hin hnh c lin quan.
9.1.5 Vic lp t h thng k thut h tng nh ng ng cp thot nc, thng tin lin lc,
cp in... khng c nh hng n an ton ca cng trnh, ng thi phi c bin php ngn
nga nh hng ca n mn, ln, chn ng, ti trng gy h hng.

10. Yu cu v khu t xy dng:

10.1 Khi la chn khu t xy dng Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng cn tun theo cc
nguyn tc c bn di y:
10.1.1 Ph hp vi quy hoch c duyt;
10.1.2 t c hiu qu kinh t, x hi, mi trng trong thit k xy dng;
10.1.3 S dng t ai v khng gian th hp l;
10.1.4 Ph hp trnh pht trin kinh t ca tng a phng, p ng nhng nhu cu hin ti,
xem xt kh nng nng cp, ci to v m rng trong tng lai;

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10.1.5 Tit kim chi ph nng lng, m bo tnh nng kt cu;

10.1.6 Ph hp vi nhu cu ca tng cng trnh s xy dng;
10.1.7 n ton phng chy, chng ng t, phng v chng l;
Ch thch :
Ch gii xy dng l ng gii hn cho php xy dng nh, cng trnh trn khu t .

10.2 cao cng trnh phi thit k theo cao khng ch m quy hoch Cng hng khng-sn bay
c ph duyt.

10.3 Cao nn nh phi cao hn mt sn nu khng phi c bin php thot nc b mt.
Nu cng trnh xy dng trong khu vc c kh nng b trt l, ngp nc hoc hi triu xm
thc, phi c bin php bo v an ton.
Ch thch:
Khi cn thit k s dng tng ngm hoc tng na ngm phi c bin php thot nc v
chng thm hu hiu.

11. Cc cn c tnh ton

11.1 Mc tiu v tng:
11.1.1 Phn chung:
Tng th nh ga hnh khch bao gm sn , tip nhn hay d hng ho ca my bay t gia
khu vc ng ra vo sn bay v khu ng ln ni vi h thng ng ct h cnh. Nh ga hnh
khch l phn chnh ca tng th ny, l ni m din ra s vn chuyn hnh khch v hnh l
ca h t mt t (ng b v cc phng tin vn chuyn mt t t bi xe) ln trn khng (khu
vc my bay), hoc nh trong trng hp qu cnh l t my bay ny sang my bay khc v
ngc li l t sn my bay vo nh ga khi hnh khch thc hin chuyn bay n. S vn chuyn
ny din ra theo 2 hng: chuyn i v chuyn n. Do vy, nh ga hnh khch l tm im i vi
mi ngi, i vi cc hng hng khng v i vi cc nh iu hnh, khai thc Cng hng khng -
sn bay.
H thng giao thng mt t v cc tuyn ng trong Cng hng khng - sn bay phi c
thit k sao cho va n gin va m bo tnh hiu qu, c bit l cc tuyn ng gia nh ga
hnh khch v cc cng ra vo nh ga. Khi xem xt mi quan h gia cc h thng giao thng ny,
cn a ra nhng phn tch v nh gi c th chnh xc v dng vn chuyn hnh khch trn mt t
v quan h ca chng i vi lu lng vn ti hnh khch ng khng. Ti hu ht cc Cng hng
khng - sn bay, cc dng phng tin vn ti mt t ch yu k c i vi t nhn v cng cng vn
l cc loi t, xe ti, xe my. D on tnh trng ny s cn tip din trong nhiu nm na d chi ph
chuyn ch (tnh trn mt n v hng ho) ang tng cao, bt chp nguy c tc nghn giao thng
ng b, v thm ch c vic nhin liu xng du ang cn kit s dn n vic gia tng vn chuyn
bng cc phng tin cng cng nh xe but, tu ho v cc h thng vn ti khc. V th, cc b

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phn cn thit khc nh bi xe, ng x, ng vo ra nh ga cng nh hng n cc tnh ton

qui hoch ca nh ga hng khng.
Hiu sut v hiu qu chi ph ca cc nh ga hng khng v Cng hng khng - sn bay, xt trn
phng din rng, ph thuc vo kch c v cu trc hnh hc ca cc ta nh, ph thuc vo thit k
v cch b tr bn trong ta nh. Cc b tr bn trong li ph thuc vo cc cng on x l i vi
hnh khch v hnh l ca h bi cc hng hng khng, cc nhn vin v cc cp c thm quyn
trong kim sot an ninh quc gia thc hin. Khi thit k tng th nh ga hnh khch phi tnh n h
thng ng bng v ng ln, cu trc ca khu vc sn v cc h thng ra vo sn bay. V tr v
cc phm vi m rng ca cc khu vc ny u c tun th theo bn qui hoch tng th ca Cng
hng khng - sn bay.
Cc tiu ch c bn bt buc phi c kho st trong giai on qui hoch v la chn ca nh
ga hnh khch. Cc tiu ch ny bao gm:
- D nh hng i vi mi ngi di chuyn n nh ga v i li bn trong ta nh.
- Khong cch phi i li t khu vc xe v bi xe n nh ga v quan trng hn l t khu
x l hnh khch/ hnh l n my bay v ngc li phi m bo ngn nht c th c.
- Nhng s thay i cao trnh cho hnh khch gia cc ta nh l nh nht.
- Trnh cc ng giao nhau trn lung hnh khch i li.
- Khong cch ngn nht c th vn chuyn hnh khch v hnh l gia nh ga v im
my bay, ni khng th i b c.
- Cn i gia tt c cc phng tin vi cc c tnh ca my bay hin c v cc xy dng m
c hng linh hot thch ng c cc th h my bay hin i sau ny, cng tnh ton c xa
cng tt.
Khi pht trin mt d n xy dng nh ga hnh khch mi hoc ci to, nng cp mt cch c
bn nh ga c, yu cu quan trng phi tnh n l vic tch ring hnh khch n v hnh khch i
sau khi m bo v kim sot an ninh. iu ny c bit quan trng nu c d tnh v vic s dng
kiu nh ga v tinh.
Trong qu trnh pht trin cc nh ga hnh khch, cc nh thit k cn a ra cc gii php theo
mc tp trung ha cc hot ng x l, kim tra. Khi nim v tp trung tm ha ny l c gng
hp khi, gn lin cc nhm hot ng vi nhau tn dng ti a din tch cng nh cc trang thit
b nhm t hiu qu cao nht. Bi v khi mc tp trung ha gim, cc khu vc chc nng ny s
phi b tr ri rc nhiu trung tm khc nhau to ra mt khi nim khng hon ton tp trung, nh
vy tt c cc phng tin x l u pht trin da trn nhng phn ring bit s tn km v hiu
qu li khng cao.

11.2 Cc d liu v nhu cu vn chuyn:

11.2.1 Thu thp d liu:
11.2.1.1 Yu cu c bn

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Vic ph hp gia tnh trng giao thng vi nhng s liu thng k cc hot ng khc v d
bo tt nht l nhng yu cu c bn ca thc t quy hoch Cng Hng khng-sn bay. Cc d liu
cn c ghi li v thc hin vic sp xp sn chng s dng trong tt c cc giai on lp quy
hoch v trong vic xc nh cc khu vc hoc nh gi ton b h thng. Nhng thng tin cn cung
cp c th nh gi ton din v mc tng trng trong tng lai, lm c s cho cc nhu cu v
tm nhn cho quy hoch nhng giai on tip theo.
11.2.1.2 Cc hot ng hng nm, hng ngy v hng gi
Ngoi nhng chi tit cc hot ng hng nm v hng ngy, s liu ng tin cy phi lin kt vi
hin ti v tng lai v hot ng gi cao im, cng vi c im v t l ca chng so vi khi
lng trung bnh v tn s. Quy hoch chi tit c s phi c da trn gi (thi gian bt k nht nh
ca 60 pht) vi tn sut hot ng cao nht hng ngy, hng gi thm ch tng cao hn 12 n 20 %
tng s hot ng hng ngy.
Tuy nhin c s lp k hoch khng th ch da vo cao im tuyt i, bi v trong trng hp
cc c s ny cung cp cho thit k giao thng nm nay s c s dng ng mc qu ti cho hu
ht thi gian trong nm .
Mt phng php chung ca quy hoch chuyn i s liu thng k cho tng ngy v cui cng
n mt nhu cu c bn theo gi l xem xt mt "ngy cao im in hnh. Quy nh mt ngy cao
im in hnh nh l ngy th hai bn rn nht trong mt tun trung bnh ca thng cao im c
xc nh t d liu lch s. Bng cch s dng d liu di chuyn my bay v cc yu t vn ti c th
ly ti cc hng hng khng, phi thit k gi thuyt biu ngy c xy dng trong m t
chuyn bay n, thi gian i cho chuyn bay ca cc hng hng khng khc nhau, cc loi my bay v
thi gian hnh khch ln v ri khi my bay.
i vi nhng cng hng khng-sn bay ph thng nh rt kh c th c pht trin m s
c m t nhu cu da trn nhng kh nng p ng khc nhau.
Phng php th 2 thay th cho s dng trong ngy trung bnh ca thng cao im l s dng
khi nim gi bn rn th 30. T h s qu trnh ca dng hnh khch theo gi, cc lung hnh khch
trong gi cao im c la chn th ba mi & th hin nh l mt t l hng nm ca giao thng
hnh khch. T l ny sau c th c p dng cho d bo lu lng hnh khch trong nm thit
k. Trong trng hp ngy trung bnh ca thng cao im, nh ca khi nim gi th 30 cao im l
thit k cho mt lung hnh khch cao im thng xuyn lp li, mt trong nhng v d m khng
bao gm nh bt thng c gy ra bi cc k ngh ln, cc l hi tn gio hoc cc yu t khc i
vi nhng trng hp c bit Cng Hng khng-sn bay.

11.3. Hnh khch v hnh l mang theo:

11.3.1 Lch s pht trin
Cng sut yu cu ca nh ga v cc tin nghi c lin quan ti n ln n u s c xc nh
vo d kin s tng trng giao thng. chnh xc trong qu trnh lp nhng s liu nhu cu, lin
quan n s hp tc ca cc c quan c thm quyn v cc c quan qun l Nh nc v hng

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khng ti cc Cng Hng khng-sn bay l iu cn thit. Cc d liu thu thp sau y phi c c
th cng nhiu cng tt.
11.3.1.1 Hnh khch:
Hng nm thng k theo cc mc sau:
- Quc t/Ni a
- Theo lch trnh/khng theo lch trnh
- n/i/Qu cnh/Ni tip
- Ngy cao im (theo lch trnh hnh khch)
Hnh khch/gi trong sut c ngy cao im (IATA quy nh phng php xc nh ngy cao
im l ngy th 2 cao im nht trong tun trung bnh ca thng cao im)
Quc t/ni a
im i/im n (theo thnh ph, khu vc hoc khong cch di/khong cch ngn)
Ngoi ra, ti sn bay vi t l phn trm ln ca hnh khch khng theo lch trnh, h s d kin
ca ngy cao im thng xuyn phi c thit lp.
11.3.1.2 Vn ti hng ha/th t: s liu thng k hng nm cho
- Quc t/ni a
- n/i/Qu cnh
- im khc bit gia giao thng trn my bay ch ch khch vi my bay kt
hp ch khch v hng ha vi my bay ch ch hng ho.
- Phn thnh nhm/s lng ln
Chi tit s liu thng k cho mi chuyn bay trong tun bt k ca thng cao im bao gm:
- Loi my bay
- Quc t/ni a
- Ngy/thi gian hot ng
- Ti trng trung bnh/khng ti (tn).
11.3.1.3 My bay: d liu lin quan n chuyn ng my bay c yu cu cho:
- Loi my bay
- Quc t/ni a
- My bay ch khch
- My bay ch c hng ha v hnh khch
- My bay ch tt c cc loi hng ha
- T l vn chuyntrung bnh/t l vn chuyn cao im
- Biu vn chuyn hng ngy trong thi gian cao im.
11.3.2 Giao thng khng theo lch trnh:
D liu lin quan n hot ng khng theo lch trnh v vn chuyn theo hp ng cng bao
gm c nhng ni c lin quan.
11.3.3 D bo giao thng cng hng khng-sn bay:

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Cc hng hng khng phi s dng mt phng php chun ha, kt hp vi cc th tc lin
quan n nh dng vn bn chun b cho cc d bo chi tit v giao thng (tun th quy nh ca
IATA).
Trong cc nghin cu d bo giao thng cng hng khng-sn bay, phi s dng s kt hp
ca xu hng phn tch v ngoi suy, cc cuc kho st nhu cu v nh gi. M rng kin thc v s
hiu bit v mi trng, trong hon cnh thc tin ca Cng hng khng - sn bay l bt buc,
cng nh tip xc trc tip vi cc chuyn gia quy hoch v d bo ca tt c cc hng hng khng
ln hot ng v lnh vc sn bay. Nh mt kt qu, bt k sn phm d bo no u phn nh quan
im ca cc cng hng khng-sn bay nh vy lin quan n pht trin giao thng trong tng lai v
nhng thay i trong m hnh c kh nng iu hnh.
Thng qua cc cng hng khng-sn bay trn thc t, cn nghin cu d bo nhm cung cp
cho cc hng hng khng v cc c quan hng khng dn dng vi cch nhn chi tit vo t l my
bay di chuyn trn ng bng, lu lng hnh khch v nhu cu my bay d kin trong thi gian
5-10-15 nm. Nhng d bo nh vy, cung cp tt c cc thnh phn lin quan n quy hoch pht
trin cng hng khng-sn bay vi mt c s chung m trn cung cp cc k hoch chi tit m
bo y c s vt cht cung cp cho lung giao thng trong tng lai.
a) Phng php d bo:
Phi thc hin v pht trin mt phng php tiu chun cho d bo cng hng khng-sn bay
m chng c s dng trong nhiu nghin cu, ng thi c chng minh trn thc t v nhng
lnh vc c lin quan.
Khi d bo v hot ng ca cng HK-SN BAY, ba thnh phn ch yu c nu bt l:
- Vn chuyn hnh khch
- Vn chuyn hng ha
- Chuyn ng ca my bay
a.1. Vn chuyn hnh khch:
c d bo theo ba loi lu lng hnh khch nh sau:
+ Ln my bay
+ Xung my bay
+ Trc tip vn chuyn ni tip
D bo chia ra nhng i x ring bit vi cc hnh khch trn cc chuyn bay theo lch trnh v
nhng ngi trn cc chuyn bay khng theo lch trnh.
a.2. Vn chuyn hng ha:
Trong d bo, s kt hp s lng ca khi lng vn chuyn hng ha vi th t, x l hnh
l xch tay ti cc cng HK-sn bay u c xem xt. Thng thng vn chuyn theo lch trnh v
khng theo lch trnh c coi l cng nhau nh vy c hai c x l trong cng mt khu vc ca nh
ga hng khng.
Vn chuyn hng ha c thc hin trn tt c cc my bay ch hng ha, hnh khch trn
my bay (trong phn gia ca my bay) hoc trn my bay kt hp trong din tch khoang chnh

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c chia thnh cc phn ring bit cho hnh khch v hng ha. Cc d bo khc gia hot ng
ch hnh khch v cc hng ha, mi loi s chu nh hng ring i vi vic s dng sn .
a.3. Chuyn ng my bay:
Chuyn ng ca my bay bao gm tt c cc lch trnh hot ng thng mi. S lng tng
lai ca my bay chuyn ng h cnh v ct cnh s xc nh cc nhu cu quy hoch v hot ng
ca cc sn my bay. Ni chung s hot ng ca my bay theo lch trnh thng khng c nh
hng n quy hoch ca ng bng v nng lc ca sn . Ch xy ra vic cn nhc, xem xt khi
nhng hot ng khng theo lch trnh l ng k.
b) D n hot ng theo lch trnh mi:
Khi iu kin c th, cc chi tit v hot ng lch trnh mi d kin trong tng lai cn c xem
xt i vi bt k s pht trin ca Cng Hng khng-sn bay no. Cc c quan c thm quyn hoc
cc nh chc trch hng khng c xc nh l nhng thnh phn hu hiu h tr trong vic tip
nhn cc thng tin .

11.4 nh gi
11.4.1 nh gi nng lc:
Nng lc ca cc c s hin c & quy hoch Cng Hng khng-sn bay phi c nh gi v
c tnh thit lp y hin trng ca cc c s vi kh nng p ng nhm ph hp vi d bo
tng trng giao thng trong tng lai.
nh gi cng sut ca mt Cng Hng khng-sn bay thng chn 3 tiu ch nh sau:
- Nng lc ng ct h cnh (CHC).
- Nng lc sn my bay.
- Nng lc nh ga hng khng.
11.4.2 ng CHC:
S lng my bay CHC trong mt thi gian nht nh ca ng CHC s c ly lm tiu ch
nh gi v nng lc ng CHC ca Cng Hng khng .
11.4.3 Sn my bay:
nh gi cng sut sn my bay c chnh xc th vic phn loi my bay theo sc cha
khng chnh xc bng vic phn loi da trn cc tiu ch kch thc ca my bay (chiu di v rng
ca si cnh my bay). Ty thuc vo d bo hn hp giao thng cho mt Cng Hng khng-sn bay
c th th mt s lng gii hn ca nhm (thng c 4 hoc 5) cc loi my bay c th c cn
nhc da trn si cnh hoc chiu di. Nhng nhm ny i din chung cho din tch my bay v
chng c xc nh bi loi my bay ln nht trong mi nhm nn c th i din cho tt c cc loi
my bay khc trong nhm . Nhng din tch my bay s c s dng cho cc mc ch quy
hoch chung v sn & nh gi nng lc sn . Tm hiu k chi tit ca loi my bay hot ng
nhiu nht ti mt cng hng khng-sn bay c th s cung cp mt c s tt nht quy hoch hp
l v kinh t hn cho sn my bay. S tng quan trc tip gia cc nhm ca cc loi my bay
c s dng lp quy hoch quy m sn my bay cng nh thit k chu trnh di chuyn ca

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my bay v hnh khch khng phi lc no cng thc hin c nhng l iu cn thit phi thc
hin. t c mc tng thch gia hai iu ny ngi thit k chn gii php bng cch tnh
ton trc s pht trin v ng di chuyn ca my bay nhm cung cp mt phn tch v s bin
ng ca loi my bay s hot ng, nhng kh nng s dng linh hot ca vic khai thc din tch
my bay (hai chic my bay nh trn v tr ca mt my bay c ln) v c bit phi lu n
vic nh gi kh nng ti a ca b tr my bay trn sn .
Quy hoch cc ch xe c duyt, nhng hng cu ho, cc ni tr gip iu khin s c tc
ng ng k n cng sut sn ; nhng vt sn c ca cc thit b nh vi tip nhin liu, cc cu
dnm chng c tc dng gim n tc, cng l nhng yu t c xem xt a vo khi thit k.
11.4.4 Nh ga hnh khng:
Nng lc nh ga l s lng hnh khch v hnh l thng qua trong mt gi hoc (ni c lin
quan) hng ha thng qua trong mt gi.

12. Cc c s thit k nh ga
12.1 Cu trc ca nh ga:
Gm 2 loi nh sau:
- Xy dng nh ga trung tm kt ni vi h thng vn chuyn hnh khch ti cc v tinh.
- Xy dng nh ga trung tm cng vi cc phn nhnh ph.

12.2 Nhng yu cu nh ga phi t c:

12.2.1 Yu cu chung:
- D dng nh hng
- n gin
- Khong cch i b l ngn nht
- Mc thay i cao l t nht
- S giao ct ca hnh khch l t nht
- Kh nng ca cc trang thit b tng thch vi c tnh ca cc my bay khai thc.
- Xy dng tch hp tnh linh hot ph hp vi s thay i trong tng lai ng thi p ng
tnh nng ng ca cc ngnh cng nghip.
- p ng cao im trong giao thng.
- p ng cc yu cu v khi lng v ln kt ni cho qu cnh hoc ni chuyn.

12.3.2 Yu cu chi tit:

12.3.2.1 S dng c ti a ngun lc, tin ch chung nh: khng gian, din tch, dch v,
trang thit btrong nh ga.
12.3.2.2 Cc c quan Nh nc v Hng khng v chuyn ngnh phi hp thng nht quy trnh
lm th tc i vi hnh khch, hnh l, hng ha, bu phm, bu kin, th ph hp vi tng nh ga
ti cng hng khng.

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12.3.2.3 Trong nh ga hnh khch phi c cc khu vc lm th tc cn thit theo quy trnh phc
v hnh khch; khu lm vic ca cc c quan qun l nh nc lin quan; khu vc dnh cho khch
khng iu kin nhp cnh i vi cng hng khng quc t; khu hnh l tht lc; khu vc chung
gii quyt khiu ni gia hnh khch vi hng hng khng v doanh nghip Cng Hng khng; quy
hoc thit b hng dn thng tin chung cho hnh khch; khu vc tr gip y t, s cu ban u; khu
nh hng.
12.3.2.4 Nh ga phi c duy tr, bo m cc iu kin v sinh ti thiu nh sau:
- Phi m bo v sinh, sch s, kh ro, khng b nhim, c cc bin ch dn bo m r
rng, d thy, thun tin v an ton.
- Cc khu v sinh ca nh ga hnh khch phi c gim st v dn v sinh; c bng ghi tn
ngi trc, thi gian, ni dung cng vic c thc hin;
12.3.2.5 H thng bin bo trong nh ga phi c b tr khoa hc, hp l; lp t y , r
rng, cc v tr lm th tc cho hnh khch, hng ha, khu vc x l hnh l, hng ha v cc khu
vc cn thit khc theo quy nh. Khai thc ti a tnh hng dn a chiu ca bin bo (trc v
sau).
12.3.2.6 Trong iu kin cho php, c quan c thm quyn ch o ngi khai thc Cng hng
khng - sn bay b tr mt khng gian nht nh ti nh ga hnh khch trng by, gii thiu vn ha
ca quc gia c nh ga quc t .

13. Nhng im quan trng cn cn nhc khi thit k

13.1 Nhng yu t chnh xc nh c mc tiu ca thit k:
13.1.1 Cc loi hnh khai thc Cng Hng khng-sn bay: loi trung chuyn, loi t im ny ti
im kia, cho hng khng gi r, c tnh, c th hay loi hnh hng khng ni chung.
13.1.2 Thng k loi hnh khch: quc t/ni a, cng tc/du lch
13.1.3 Cp ca dch v
13.1.4 Thit lp cc tiu chun, tham s thit yu p ng ti a nhng mc tiu nh sau: s
n gin, r rng, hiu qu, s thay i cao l t nht, t c s tin nghi, thoi mi, m bo
khng kh v mi trng trong sch, hnh dng kin trc t c tnh biu tng, dn tc v ngh
thut; p ng cng ngh cao, chi ph vn hnh thp
13.1.5 u tin cho cc tiu chun v thng s thit k.

13.2. Nhng yu cu thit k phi t c:

13.2.1 p ng tt lu lng hnh khch thng qua
13.2.2 Khong cch i b ca hnh khch l ngn nht
13.2.3 Mc ca dch v cho hnh khch l ph hp
13.2.4 Cc tiu chun c p dng chun mc
13.2.5 c tnh ca gi cao im c gii quyt ti u
13.2.6 p ng s tng trng trong tng lai

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13.2.7 phc tp v tn km ca cc h thng ti cng HK l t nht

13.2.8 Lun t c s d tm cho mi hnh khch
13.2.9 Thi gian x l cho hnh khch v hnh l nhanh nht
13.2.10 p ng ti a cho mng li h thng bn l

14. Tnh ton cng sut nh ga

Phng php nh gi cng sut nh ga bng ton hc c th c s dng xc nh s liu
thng qua nh ga c lin quan hoc ngc li, nu con s thng qua bit hoc do d bo th nhu
cu c bn c th tnh ton c. Tuy nhin vic nh gi nng lc cc b phn ca mt nh ga theo
cch gin n s kh chnh xc bi n rt phc tp v lin quan n nhiu yu t.
Vic phn tch cc yu t nu trn cng vi vic nghin cu chi tit cc m hnh chuyn ng
ca con ngi gia cc b phn ny trong nh ga l rt cn thit. Nhng phn tch ny s gip rt hiu
qu cho vic xc nh v xut v cng sut nh ga, hoc xc nh chnh xc quy m cho cc trang
thit b chc nng ca nh ga. m bo chnh xc cao, nn thc hin c th cng nhiu cng tt
cc phng n loi b cc nguyn nhn c kh nng gy li hoc nhng sai s trong qu trnh thc
hin.
Cng thc tnh cng sut cho mt nh ga nh sau:

a . 100
A = (14.1)
k

Trong :
A. Cng sut nh ga (lng hnh khch thng qua trong 1 nm)
a. Lng hnh khch trong gi cao im
k. H s: ly t 0,03 n 0,05

Vic xc nh cng sut nh ga cng nh quy m ca cc trang thit b chc nng cn phi c
x l cng vi mt lot cc thng s quan trng nht nh. Cc cng thc di y nhm tnh ton
chnh xc nhng thng s ny. Tuy nhin, nhng cng thc ny mang tnh tng i v khng th
thay th hon ton cho nhng phn tch nh gi cc d liu, d bo ng thi khng phi chng s
c p dng i vi tt c cc cng hng khng. Nh mt quy lut chung, cc khng gian tnh ton
phi c tng ln 10 % d phng v c th thay i theo iu kin ca tng a phng.

15. Tnh ton mt s thng s quan trng trong nh ga

Khi tnh ton thit k chi tit cc ni dung bn trong nh ga hng khng, mt yu cu bt buc l
phi xc nh c mt s thng s k thut quan trng t mi nh hnh c nhng khng
gian thit yu, gii quyt c yu cu v dy chuyn hng khng, p ng nhng yu cu s

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dng gip cho vic tnh ton thit k chi tit nh ga c chun mc, chnh xc trong bao gm
cc thng s quan trng bt buc phi p dng phng php tnh ton ring. Trong tiu chun ny
a ra nhng cng thc tnh ton cho cc thng s nh sau:

15.1 Chiu di cn thit ca thm nh ga i:

aplt
L = = 0,095 ap (15.1)
60n

Trong :
L Chiu di cn thit ca thm nh ga i (tnh ra mt v phi cng thm 10 %)
a S lng hnh khch i ti gi cao im (tnh bng s ngi)
p T l hnh khch s dng xe hi hoc taxi (tnh bng phn trm)
l Chiu di trung bnh chim dng l ng ca mi xe t hoc taxi (tnh bng mt)
t Thi gian trung bnh chim dng l ng mi xe thoc taxi (tnh bng pht).
n S lng hnh khch trung bnh i xe hoc taxi (tnh bng s ngi).

CH THCH:
- i vi xe but phi c phn cch l ng vi chiu di tng ng
- S lng trung bnh ca hnh khch v kch thc ca xe xe t v taxi l ging nhau.

15.2 Din tch yu cu ca phng ln cho hnh khch ch i:

y 3 [ a (1+n1) +b ]
A = s x = 0,75 [a (1 + n1) + b] (15.2)
60 2

Trong :
A Din tch yu cu ca phng ln cho hnh khch i (tnh ra mt vung v phi cng thm 10 %)
S Din tch cn thit cho mi ngi (tnh bng m)
y Thi gian chim ch trung bnh cho mi hnh khch hoc ngi i tin (tnh bng pht)
a S lng hnh khch i ban u ti gi cao im (s ngi)
b S lng hnh khch qu cnh khng phi lm th tc (s ngi)
n1 S ngi i tin cho mi hnh khch (s ngi).

CH THCH:
- 50 % s gi cao im ca hnh khch n trong vng 20 pht u

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- Ti cc Cng HK, thng c t l ln cc hnh khch n sn bay sm hn 1 gi trc khi khi hnh;
thng s y trong cng thc trn cn c kim tra ph hp vi tng hon cnh thc t.

15.3 Quy lm th tc bay (loi trung tm, cng cng):

( a + b ) t1
N = (15.3)
60

Trong :
N S lng quy cn thit (tnh ra s quy v phi cng thm 10 %)
a S lng hnh khch i ban u ti gi cao im (s ngi)
b S lng hnh khch qu cnh khng phi lm th tc (s ngi)
t1 Thi gian lm th tc trung bnh cho mi hnh khch (pht)

(1000 + 200) 2
N = = 40 quy (+10 %)
60
LU
1. Bng cch cung cp 40 quy nh trong v d ny, s m bo cho 1.200 hnh khch c lm th
tc trong vng 60 pht (khng tnh thi gian nhn ri). Tuy nhin, tiu chun dch v c th khng c
p ng.
2. Khi c cc i l khc nhau c cng thc hin, s lng kim tra cc v tr cho vic lm th tc
ca tng i l phi c tnh ring. iu ny i hi phi c lng t l ring cho mi i l v lu
lng gi cao im.

15.4 Din tch yu cu cho khu vc xp hng lm th tc bay:

20 3(a+b)
A=S - ( a + b) = 0,25 ( a + b ) (15.4)
60 2

Trong :
A Din tch yu cu cho khu vc xp hng lm th tc bay (tnh ra mv phi cng thm 10 %)
a S lng hnh khch i ban u ti gi cao im (s ngi)
b S lng hnh khch qu cnh khng phi lm th tc (s ngi)
s Din tch cn thit cho mi hnh khch (m)

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Lu : 50 % s gi cao im ca hnh khch n trong vng 20 pht u.

15.5 S lng v tr kim sot h chiu cho hnh khch i:

( a + b ) t2
N = (15.5)
60
Trong :
N S lng v tr kim sot h chiu cho hnh khch i (tnh ra s v tr v phi cng thm 10 %)
a S lng hnh khch i ban u ti gi cao im (s ngi)
b S lng hnh khch qu cnh khng phi lm th tc (s ngi)
t2 Thi gian kim sot trung bnh cho mi hnh khch (pht)

Lu : Nht thit phi c din tch cho khu vc xp hng kim sot h chiu ; n ty thuc vo
c im chuyn bay, vic b tr sn bay, v yu cu kim sot ca Nh nc.

15.6 Din tch yu cu ca Phng i cho hnh khch i:

(Khng bao gm cc quy gii kht hoc phng tin gii kht) :

cul cvk ul + vk
A=s + = c (15.6)
60 60 30
Trong :
A Din tch yu cu ca Phng i cho hnh khch i (tnh ra mt vung v phi cng thm 10 %)
s Khng gian cn thit cho mi hnh khch (m)
c S lng hnh khch i ti gi cao im (s ngi)
u Thi gian chim ch trung bnh cho mi hnh khch ng di (pht)
v Thi gian chim ch trung bnh cho mi hnh khch ng ngn (pht)
l T l ca hnh khch ng di (%)
k T l ca hnh khch ng ngn (%)

15.7 S lng yu cu v my kim tra an ninh (dng tp trung):

(a+b)w (a+b)w
N = = (15.7)
y 300

Trong :

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N S lng yu cu v my kim tra an ninh (tnh ra my)

a S lng hnh khch i ban u ti gi cao im (s ngi)
b S lng hnh khch qu cnh khng phi lm th tc
y Nng lc ca my soi chiu hnh l xch tay (chic/gi)
w S lng loi hnh l xch tay cho mi hnh khch (chic)

Lu : Mt ngi i qua my d kim loi, bnh thng l ph hp vi nng lc ca 2-3 my soi

chiu hnh l.

15.8 S lng yu cu v my kim tra an ninh (dng thng thng):

60 mw m
N = = 0,2 (15.8)
y(gh) (g5)

Trong :
N S lng yu cu v my kim tra an ninh (tnh ra s my)
m S gh ti a trn my bay ln nht ti ca kim tra an ninh (gh)
y Nng lc ca cc my soi chiu hnh l xch tay (chic/gi)
w S lng cc loi hnh l xch tay cho mi hnh khch (chic)
g Thi gian n ca hnh khch u tin ti cng t (pht)
h Thi gian cui cng ca hnh khch i qua (pht)
Lu : Mt ngi i b qua my d kim loi, l ph hp vi nng lc ca 2-3 my soi chiu hnh l.

15.9 S lng v tr kim tra sc kho cho hnh khch n (khi c yu cu):

450 t
N = = 2,55 = 3 (15.9)
30

Trong :
N S lng v tr kim tra sc kho cho hnh khch n (tnh ra s v tr)
t Thi gian dch v bnh qun cho mi hnh khch (pht)

Lu : Phng tin gii phng ton by mt my bay B747 (450 h/k) trong vng 30 pht l .

15.10 S lng v tr kim sot h chiu ca hnh khch n:

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( d + b ) t3
N = (15.10)
60

Trong :
N S lng v tr kim sot h chiu ca hnh khch n (tnh ra s v tr v phi cng thm 10 %)
d S lng hnh khch n ti gi cao im (s ngi)
b S lng hnh khch qu cnh khng phi lm th tc (s ngi)
t3. Thi gian kim sot trung bnh cho mi hnh khch (pht)

15.11 Din tch yu cu cho khu vc xp hng kim tra h chiu ca hnh khch n:

15 4(d+b)
A= s - (d+b) = 0,25 ( d + b ) (15.11)
60 2

Trong :
A Din tch yu cu cho khu vc xp hng kim tra h chiu ca hnh khch n
s Khng gian cn thit cho mi hnh khch (m)
d S lng hnh khch n ti gi cao im (s ngi)
b S lng hnh khch qu cnh khng phi lm th tc (s ngi)

Lu : 50 % s gi cao im ca hnh khch n trong vng 15 pht u tin

Gi s t lca hnh khch n ti gi cao im nh sau:
- 50 % trong vng 10 pht u tin
- 50 % trong vng 20 pht u tin

Cc cng thc tng ng s l:

10 6(d+b)
A= s - (d+b) = 0,33 (d+b) = 400 m2
60 2

20 3(d+b)
A= s - (d+b) = 0,17 (d+b) = 200 m2
60 2

15.12 S lng v tr kim tra hi quan cho hnh khch n:

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Cc yu cu i vi cc khu vc kim tra hi quan (hnh l & c nhn phi kim tra) khc nhau
ty thuc vo mc kim tra theo yu cu ca c quan hi quan v th tc kim tra c lin quan. Mi
trng hp s yu cu xem xt ring sau khi tho lun thng nht vi c quan thanh tra theo k hoch
lp t trc, c bit l trong trng hp cn phi thc hin.
Trng hp kim tra hi quan c thc hin trn c s kim tra hnh l ca mt phn ca
hnh khch, cng thc sau y c th c p dng.

e f t4
N = (15.12)
60

Trong :
N S lng v tr kim tra hi quan cho hnh khch n (tnh ra v tr)
e S lng hnh khch n tigi cao im, k c quc t / trong nc v qu cnh (s ngi)
f T l ca hnh khch c kim tra hi quan (%)
t4 Thi gian kim tra trung bnh cho mi hnh khch (pht) .

15.13 Din tch yu cu cho khu vc xp hng kim tra hi quan ca hnh khch n:

20 3e
A= fs -e = 0,25 ef (15.13)
60 2

Trong :
A Din tch yu cu cho khu vc xp hng kim tra hi quan ca hnh khch n (tnh ra mt vung
v phi cng thm 10 %),
f T l hnh khch c kim tra hi quan (%)
s Khng gian cn thit cho mi hnh khch (m)
e S lng hnh khch n ti gi cao im, k c quc t hoc trong nc v hnh khch qu cnh
(s ngi).

Lu :
- 50 % s hnh khch n ti gi cao im c kim tra hi quan vi 20 pht u tin.
- i vi t l hnh khch n c kim tra hi quan ti gi cao im, cng thc ny c th thay i nh
gii thiu phn Khu vc xp hng kim tra h chiu cho hnh khch n.

15.14 Din tch yu cu ca khu i ln cho hnh khch n:

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w(d+b) zdn1
A= s + = 0,375 ( d + b + 2dn1) (15.14)
60 60

Trong :
A Din tch yu cu ca khu i ln cho hnh khch n (tnh ra mt vung v phi cng thm 10 %)
s Din tch cho mi ngi (m2)
w Thi gian chim ch trung bnh cho mi hnh khch (pht)
d S lng hnh khch n ti gi cao im (s ngi)
b S lng hnh khch qu cnh khng phi lm th tc (s ngi)
z Thi gian chim ch trung bnh cho mi ngi i n
n1 S lng khch n cho mi hnh khch (s ngi).

15.15 Chiu di yu cu cho thm nh ga n:

dplt
L = = 0,095 dp (15.15)
60n
Trong :
L Chiu di yu cu cho thm nh ga n (tnh ra mt v phi cng thm 10 %)
d S lng hnh khch n ti gi cao im (s ngi)
p T l hnh khch s dng t hoc taxi (%)
l Chiu di trung bnh yu cu ca thm nh ga cho mi xe t hoc taxi
(tnh bng m)
t Thi gian chim ch trung bnh l ng cho mi xe t hoc taxi (pht).
n S lng bnh qun hnh khch cho mi t hoc taxi (s ngi)

LU :
- Tch bit l ng cho xe but
- S lng bnh qun ca hnh khch v kch thc ca cc xe t hoc taxi l ging nhau.
- Cn c mt khu vc tch bit ring d phng cho xe but v taxi khi cn thit chng s tip cn
nhanh chng vi thm nh ga .

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Phn 3: Cc Tiu chun v k thut trong thit k nh ga

16. Quy nh v chiu sng
16.1 Yu cu chung:
Bn trong v bn ngoi Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng phi c chiu sng ph hp vi mc
ch s dng.

16.2 Gii thch t ng:

16.2.1 Chiu sng t nhin: Chiu sng cc phng (trc tip hoc gin tip) bng nh sng bu
tri xuyn qua ca ly nh sng b tr cc kt cu bao che.
16.2.2 Chiu sng nhn to: Chiu sng bng nh sng nhn to.
16.2.3 Chiu sng lm vic: Chiu sng m bo mi hot ng bnh thng ca con ngi
trong cng trnh.
16.2.4 Chiu sng s c: Chiu sng bo m cho ngi d dng thot ra ngoi trong trng
hp c s c.
16.2.5 Chiu sng bo v: Chiu sng gii hn trong khu vc (hoc cng trnh) cn phi bo v
trong thi gian ban m.

16.3 Cc yu cu c th:
Tham chiu Quy chun Xy dng Vit Nam: Nh v cng trnh cng cng n ton sinh mng
v sc khe (QCXDVN 05:2008/BXD) ban hnh ti quyt nh s 09/2008/Q-BXD ngy 06/6/2008
ca B trng B XD;
Quy chun k thut quc gia v phn loi, phn cp cng trnh xy dng dn dng, cng nghip
v h tng k thut th (QCXD 03:2009/BXD) ban hnh ti Thng t s 33/2009/TT-BXD ngy
30/9/2009.

17. Quy nh v thng gi, vi kh hu

17.1 Phm vi p dng:
17.1.1 Tiu chun ny quy nh cc thng s vi kh hu trong vng phc v ca cng trnh Nh
ga Hnh khch Hng khng.
17.1.2 Tiu chun ny quy nh cc thng s vi kh hu, ng vi cc trng thi hot ng sinh l
bnh thng ca con ngi trong Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng, th hin bng cc ch s v chnh
lch nhit trong ngoi nh, phng php kim tra, o c (ch nhit m, gi, bc x).

17.2 Thut ng v nh ngha:

Trong tiu chun ny cc thut ng c hiu nh sau:
17.2.1 Thng gi ht thi cc b:

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L thng gi ht khng kh t cc ni pht sinh ra cht nhim nh bp, phng tm, phng my
photocopy, nhm hn ch s lan truyn cc cht sang cc phng khc bn trong nh v cng trnh.
S ht thi ny c th thng xuyn hoc ngt qung.
17.2.2 Thng gi chung:
L thng gi bng cch cung cp kh ti t bn ngoi lm pha long, phn tn cc cht gy
nhim hoc hi nc.
17.2.3 Thng gi s c:
L thng gi tng cng, c d kin trong qu trnh s dng, trong trng hp xy ra s
c lm pht sinh bt thng mt lng ln cht c hi hoc cht gy chy n.
17.2.4 Thng gi t nhin: L thng gi ch s dng nng lng t nhin.
17.2.5 Thng gi c kh: l thng gi s dng qut.
17.2.6 Cc vng phc v trong phng:
L khng gian trong phng, c gii hn bi cc b mt, cc bc tng, vch ngn, trn v
nn nh c chiu cao t 0,1 m n 2,0 m tnh t mt sn nh, nhng phi cch trn hn 1 m khi trn
c thit b cp nhit, ng thi cch 0,5 m i vi cc b mt tng trong v tng ngoi, cc ca s
v thit b cp nhit.
17.2.7 Phng c ngi hot ng thng xuyn :
L nhng phng c ngi hot ng vi thi gian khng t hn 2 gi lin tc hoc 6 gi trong 1
ngy m.
17.2.8 Phng c ngi hot ng tm thi :
L nhng phng c ngi hot ng vi thi gian t hn 30 pht lin tc hoc 2 gi trong 1 ngy
m.
17.2.9 Vi kh hu trong phng :
L trng thi mi trng khng kh trong phng tc ng n tm sinh l con ngi, c trng
bng cc ch s nhit , m, tc chuyn ng khng kh, bc x nhit.
17.2.10 Cc ch s vi kh hu tin nghi :
L t hp cc gi tr ca cc ch s vi kh hu, tc ng lu di v thng xuyn ti con ngi.
Cc ch s ny m bo trng thi trao i nhit ca c th l c li nht cho sc kho, trong iu kin
cng iu chnh nhit c th l ti thiu v c trn 80 % s ngi trong phng c cm gic d
chu.
17.2.11 Ch tiu cho php ca thng s vi kh hu (vng tin nghi kh hu cho php):
L tp hp cc gi tr ca thng s vi kh hu nu tc ng lu di v thng xuyn n con ngi
th c th gy ra cm gic mt tin nghi nhit (gy kh chu v gim nng sut lao ng trong khi c-
ng iu chnh nhit ca c th gia tng), tuy vy cc tc ng bt li cho sc kho con ngi l
mc chp nhn c.
17.2.12 Thi k lnh trong nm :
L thi k trong nm, c c trng bng nhit trung bnh ngy m ca khng kh ngoi
nh, thp hn 19,8oC .

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17.2.13 Thi k nng trong nm :

L thi k trong nm, c trung bng nhit trung bnh ngy m ca khng kh ngoi nh, ln
hn 25,5oC .
17.2.14 Nhit bc x trong phng :
L nhit bnh qun trn din tch ca cc b mt ngn che bn trong phng v cc thit b cp
nhit ly trung bnh theo din tch.
17.2.15 Nhit tng hp trong phng :
L ch tiu tng hp v nhit bc x v nhit khng kh trong phng.
17.2.16 Nhit ca nhit cu k :
L nhit trong trung tm ca qu cu rng, c c trng bng s nh hng ng thi ca nhit
khng kh, nhit bc x v tc chuyn ng khng kh.
17.2.17 Tnh bt i xng cc b ca nhit tng hp trong phng :
L s chnh lch ca nhit tng hp trong phng, xc nh bng nhit k cu en theo 2
hng ngc nhau.
17.2.18 Tc chuyn ng ca khng kh :
L tc chuyn ng ca khng kh trung bnh trong khi tch vng phc v.

17.3 Yu cu chung:
Tham chiu Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam: Tiu chun thit k cng trnh dn dng Cc
nguyn tc c bn thit k.

18. Quy nh v mi trng v cnh quan

Mi trng v cnh quan i vi nh ga hnh khch hng khng cng l yu t rt cn phi xem
xt v c bit i vi nhng nh ga c xy dng trong thi gian ca nhng thp k gn y. Nh
ga Hnh khch Hng khng l mt cng trnh cng cng thng c khi tch ln, khng gian rt rng
nn yu t c gn gi vi thin nhin l rt cn thit cho nhng con ngi i li, hot ng trong ,
do vy vic xy dng mt mi trng, cnh quan trong thit k nh ga ngy cng c quan tm
ng vi tm quan trng ca n.
Yu t mi trng, cnh quan i vi nh ga hnh khch hng khng khng ch bao gm vic
u t xy dng h thng cnh quan mi trng xung quan nh ga m cn c ngay trong ni tht
ca nh ga na. Trn th gii v trong hu ht cc quc gia, vic bo v, nng cao mi trng, cnh
quan trong i sng ngy cng nhn c s ng thun ca tt c cc tng lp v cc t chc.
Trong lnh vc hng khng, c rt nhiu nh ga gii quyt tt mi trng cnh quan, lm cho chng
ph hp v n tng nh: Changi (Singapore), Bangkok (Thi lan), Hearthrow ( nh quc)
Vic a thin nhin vo ni tht ca nh ga ci thin c rt nhiu cnh quan v to c
mi trng trong lnh trong tng th mi trng ca cnh quan nh ga. Nhng yu t nh cy xanh,
hoa l, thc nccng vi vic thit k nhng khng gian xanh rng, ln ngay cnh nhng bng ca

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knh ln ca nh ga to nhng hiu qu tt trong vic gii quyt mi trng, cnh quan m cc nh
thit k v ang s dng.
Tham chiu phn ny ti Thng t s 16/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 07/10/2009 quy nh
Quy chun quc gia v mi trng do B Ti nguyn v mi trng ban hnh: QCVN
05:2009/BTNMT v Quy chun KTQG v cht lng khng kh xung quanh.

19. Tiu chun v trang thit b ti thiu

ton b mt nh ga hnh khch hng khng a vo s dng, hot ng khai thc phi c
u t t tiu chun ti thiu v nhng h thng trang thit b nh sau:
19.1 Cc cng trnh phc v nh ga (bn ngoi):
Bn ngoi Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng cn phi c cc cng trnh phc v nh sau:
19.1.1 ng v cu vt tip cn nh ga (cu vt l bt buc i vi nh ga 2 cao trnh).
19.1.2 Sn t, xe my, xe butpha thnh ph.
19.1.3 Sn tu bay.
19.1.4 H thng thot nc bn ngoi nh ga.
19.1.5 H thng chiu sng bn ngoi nh ga.
19.1.6 H thng cu dn hnh khch (ng lng) pha sn bay.
19.1.7 H thng dn tu bay.
19.1.8 Thit b chuyn ch hng ha.

19.2 Cc trang thit b bn trong nh ga:

Trong mt nh ga, danh mc cc h thng trang thit b phc v hnh khch, hnh l, hng ha
ti thiu phi bao gm:
19.2.1 H thng thit b lm th tc hng khng.
19.2.2 H thng thit b kim tra an ninh hng khng.
19.2.3 H thng thit b lm th tc xut nhp cnh (cho cng hng khng quc t).
19.2.4 H thng thit b lm th tc hi quan (cho cng hng khng quc t).
19.2.5 H thng cp in.
19.2.6 H thng iu ha, thng gi.
19.2.7 H thng cp nc.
19.2.8 H thng x l nc thi.
19.2.9 H thng bng chuyn hnh l.
19.2.10 H thng x l hnh l, hng ha.
19.2.11 H thng thng tin, lin lc.
19.2.12 H thng thng bo.
19.2.13 H thng bin bo.
19.2.14 H thng camera gim st khu vc cng cng, khu vc hn ch lm th tc, x l i
vi hnh khch, hnh l, hng ha, bu kin.

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19.2.15 H thng bo chy t ng.

19.2.16 H thng thit b cu ha, khn nguy nh ga.
19.2.17 H thng thang my, thang cun, bng ti b hnh (nu cn).
19.2.18 H thng thit b bo tr, bo dng.
19.2.19 H thng thit b in c.
19.2.20 H thng cc thit b phc v hnh khch: gh ngi ch, xe y hnh l

20. Quy nh v bo v khi ng, x v va p trong nh ga hnh khch hng khng

20.1 Yu cu chung:
20.1.1 Cu thang b v ng dc:
Trong nh ga hnh khch hng khng, khi thit k phi c cu thang b, bc thang hoc ng
dc m bo an ton cho ngi i li gia cc sn, cc nn vi cao chnh nhau t 0,38 m tr ln
v dnh cho ngi tn tt.
20.1.2 Lan can:
Phi c lan can hoc vt chn kh nng ngn ngi i li khng b ng ti cc sn nn c cao
chnh nhau t 2 bc thang (hoc 0,38 m nu khng c bc thang) tr ln v cc v tr sau:
20.1.2.1 Cu thang b, bc thang, ng dc, sn, ban cng, l-gia, hnh lang v mi c ngi
i li.
20.1.2.2 Ging tri, khu vc tng hm hoc cc khu vc ngm tng t ni vi cng trnh c
ngi i li.
20.1.3 Ro chn xe c gii v khu vc bc xp hng:
20.1.3.1 Cc ng dc v sn nh c xe c gii i li phi c ro chn bo v ngi ti cc
ni cn thit.
20.1.3.2 Khu vc bc xp hng cho xe c gii phi c cc li ra hoc li trnh xe c gii cho
ngi bn trong khu vc.
20.1.4 Trnh x, va p hoc b kt:
20.1.4.1 Ngi i li bn trong hoc xung quanh cng trnh phi c m bo khng b x vo
ca knh, ca thng kh hoc ca chc nng khc.
20.1.4.2 Cnh ca v cnh cng cn m bo:
- Khng va vo ngi khi trt hoc m v pha trc.
- Khng nht ngi bn trong khi ca v cng ng m bng ng c.
20.1.4.3 Ca hoc cng ng m bng ng c phi m c bng tay trong trng hp ng
c b hng.
20.1.4.4 Ca quay hoc cng quay phi m bo khng che khut tm nhn c hai pha.

20.2 Gii hn p dng:

20.2.1 Yu cu 20.1.1 v 20.1.2 ch p dng cho cc ng dc l b phn ca nh.

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20.2.2 Yu cu 20.1.4.2 v 20.1.4.3 khng p dng cho ca hay cng l b phn ca thang
my.

20.3 Gii thch t ng:

20.3.1 Cu thang b:
B phn c cc bc, chiu ti v c th c chiu ngh ngi di chuyn gia cc cao .
20.3.2 Cu thang xon:
Cu thang b xy xung quanh mt ct hoc c khong trng gia.
20.3.3 V thang: B phn ca cu thang c cc bc lin tc theo mt chiu.
20.3.4 Bn bc vt:
Bn bc c mi bc khng song song vi mi bc hoc cnh chiu ti, chiu ngh pha trn n.
20.3.5 Chiu cao bc thang: Chiu cao gia cc bc thang lin k.
20.3.6 Chiu rng bc thang:
Kch thc theo phng ngang t pha trc ra pha sau bc tr i cc phn m bc trn n
trm ln.
20.3.7 ng dc:
ng c dc ln hn 1:20 c thit k cho ngi v phng tin di chuyn gia cc
sn, nn c cao khc nhau.

20.4 Cc yu cu c th:
20.4.1 Cu thang b:
20.4.1.1 dc ca cu thang b - chiu rng v chiu cao bc thang
20.4.1.1.1 Chiu cao v chiu rng bc ca tt c cc bc thang phi tho mn yu cu v kch
thc cho Bng 20.1 ng thi tng ca hai ln chiu cao cng vi chiu rng bc thang (2H+B)
khng nh hn 550 mm v khng ln hn 700 mm.
20.4.1.1.2 Kch thc bc thang c xc nh theo Hnh 20.1.
20.4.1.1.3 dc ln nht ca li i vo cc hng gh ngi hoc bc ngi l 350.

Bng 20.1 - Gii hn chiu cao v chiu rng bc thang

Chiu cao ti a Chiu rng ti thiu

STT Loi cu thang b
(mm) (mm)
1 Cu thang b ca cc cng trnh cng 180** 280*
cng
2 Cu thang b ca nh 190** 250

CH THCH:
*
Nu din tch mt sn ca cng trnh nh hn 100 m2, cho php chiu rng bc ti thiu l 250 mm.

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**
Chiu cao bc ln nht i vi cu thang b dng cho ngi tn tt cn p ng yu cu ca Quy
chun xy dng cng trnh m bo cho ngi tn tt tip cn s dng.

Hnh 20.1 - o chiu cao v chiu rng bc thang

20.4.2 Cu to bc thang:
20.4.2.1 Mt bc thang phi ngang ph ng. Bc thang c th h nhng mt bc phi trm ln
nhau t nht 16 mm.
20.4.2.2 Tt c cc cu thang b c bc h nu c tr em di 5 tui s dng th khe h khng
c cao qu 100 mm.

20.4.3 Chiu cao thng thu:

Chiu cao thng thu i vi cc cu thang b v li i t nht l 2 m. Cch xc nh chiu cao thng
thu c th hin Hnh 20.2.

Hnh 20.2 - o chiu cao thng thu ca cu thang b

20.4.4 Chiu ti, chiu ngh:

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20.4.4.1 Chiu di v rng ca mi chiu ti, chiu ngh t nht phi bng chiu rng nh nht
ca v thang.
20.4.4.2 Chiu ti, chiu ngh cn phi ngang ph ng.

20.4.5 Cc loi cu thang b c bit:

20.4.5.1 Cu thang c bn bc vt:
Chiu rng ca bc vt c o nh sau:
- Nu chiu rng ca v thang nh hn 1 m, o
gia bc.
- Nu chiu rng ca v thang t 1 m tr ln, o
ti v tr cch hai bn 270 mm.

Hnh 20.3 - Chiu rng nh nht ca bc vt

Cu thang c coi l m bo yu cu t ra nu chiu cao v chiu rng bc p ng cc yu

cu mc 20.4.1.1.1
Chiu rng nh nht ca cc bc vt l 50 mm (xem Hnh 20.3).
Nu cu thang bao gm c cc bc th ng v cc bc vt th chiu rng ca cc bc vt khng
c nh hn chiu rng ca cc bc th ng. Cc bc th ng cng phi p ng yu cu 20.4.1.1.1.
20.4.5.2 Cu thang xon:
i vi cu thang trong khu vc cht hp khng s dng cho qu mt phng c ngi s dng
th cho php cu thang c chiu rng bc nh hn cc yu cu ca tiu chun ny.

Hnh 20.4 - o kch thc cu thang c bn bc vt

20.4.5.3 Tay vn cho cu thang b:

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Cu thang b phi c tay vn t nht mt bn nu v thang c chiu rng di 1 m, c tay vn

c hai bn nu v thang rng hn 1 m (trong trng hp mt bn l tng th cho php khng c tay
vn bn tng). Tay vn phi ko di ph ht hai bc thang cui cng trong cc cng trnh cng cng
hoc cng trnh c ngi tn tt s dng.
20.4.5.4 Lan can cu thang
20.4.5.4.1 V thang, chiu ti, chiu ngh phi c lan can bo v cc cnh h.
20.4.5.4.2 Lu i vi tr em di 5 tui, lan can cn m bo cc yu cu sau:
- Khe h ca lan can khng t lt qu cu c ng knh 100 mm;
- Khng c cu to tr em d tro qua lan can.
20.4.5.4.3 Chiu cao ti thiu ca lan can c quy nh Bng 20.2.

Bng 20.2 - Chiu cao ti thiu ca lan can

Chiu cao
Cng trnh V tr
ti thiu (m)
L-gia v sn thng cc v tr cao t 9 1,4
tng tr ln.
Cc cng trnh cng cng
V thang, ng dc 0,9
Cc v tr khc 1,1
530 mm trc gh ngi c nh 0,8
Ni tp trung ng ngi V thang, ng dc 0,9
Cc v tr khc 1,1

20.4.6. ng dc:
20.4.6.1. dc ln nht ca ng dc khng c vt qu 1:12 i vi cng trnh cng
cng.
20.4.6.2. Tt c cc ng dc, chiu ti, chiu ngh phi c chiu cao thng thu ti thiu l 2
m.
20.4.6.3. Cn m bo ng dc khng c vt cn c nh, b mt ng dc phi c cu
to chng trt.
20.4.6.4. ng dc c chiu rng nh hn 1 m phi c tay vn t nht mt bn. Nu rng hn
th phi c tay vn c hai bn. ng dc ni hai cao cch nhau di 0,6 m khng bt buc phi
c tay vn.
Chiu cao tay vn phi t 0,9 m n 1 m. Tay vn phi l ch ta chc chn v cho php nm cht
c.
Tay vn ca ng dc dnh cho ngi tn tt cn tun th cc quy nh ti TCXDVN 264:2002
Nh v cng trnh Nguyn tc c bn xy dng cng trnh m bo ngi tn tt tip cn s
dng

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20.4.6.5. ng dc, chiu ti, chiu ngh phi c lan can che chn ti cc cnh h nh i vi
cu thang b.

20.4.7. Lan can v ro chn:

20.4.7.1 Lan can cho ngi i b:
20.4.7.1.1 Phi c lan can chn cc cnh trng ca sn, ban cng, lgia, mi (bao gm c ging
tri v cc l m khc), v cc ni khc c ngi i li. ga ra t phi c lan can nhng ni c
ngi i li nhng khng bt buc nhng ng dc ch s dng cho xe c i li v khu vc bc
xp hng.
20.4.7.1.2 Chiu cao ti thiu i vi lan can c cho Bng 20.2. Lan can phi c kh nng
chu c tc ng ca lc ngang quy nh trong Quy chun lin quan. Khng lm lan can c mt trn
rng trnh ngi ngi hoc nm. Nu s dng knh cc lan can, cn tun th v s dng knh.
20.4.7.1.3 i vi cng trnh c tr em di 5 tui s dng th lan can phi cu to khng cho tr
em d tro qua (Khng nn b tr cc thanh ngang tr ta chn tro qua lan can) v khng c l
hng t lt qu cu ng knh 100 mm.

20.4.8. Ro chn xe c gii:

20.4.8.1 Cn b tr cc ro chn ti cc cnh ca li i, ti sn, sn mi c xe c gii i li.
20.4.8.2 Ro chn phi c chiu cao ti thiu l 375 mm i vi mp sn hoc mi, 600 mm i
vi mp ng dc. Ro chn phi c kh nng chu c tc ng ca lc ngang theo quy nh trong
Quy chun c lin quan.

20.4.9. Khu vc bc xp:

Khu vc bc xp phi c t nht mt li thot ra pha cao thp. Cc khu vc bc xp rng dnh
cho hai xe tr ln cn b tr t nht hai li ra, mi li mt bn.

20.4.10. Chng x vo ca thng gi v ca ly nh sng:

20.4.10.1. Cc b phn nh ra:
Ca thng gi v ca ly nh sng nu c cc b phn nh ra qu 100 mm vo khng gian i li
ca ngi s dng trong v xung quanh cng trnh, k c hng vo trong nh hay ra ngoi, phi p
ng cc yu cu sau:
- B phn c nh nh ra khng thp hn 2 m k t mt nn hoc sn;
- Phn ca m ra phi c cc ro cn hoc lan can cao t nht 0,9 m phng ngi i li
bc vo; nu khng phi c du hiu rt r rng khc bit h n so vi cc khu vc khc trn mt nn
hoc sn lu ngi s dng trnh xa khu vc .
20.4.10.2. Khng gian ch s dng cho mc ch bo dng cng trnh
i vi khu vc khng s dng thng xuyn m ch s dng vo mc ch bo dng cng
trnh th cn b tr nhng du hiu r rng, d thy lu c cc b phn nh ra.

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20.4.11 Chng va p vo cnh ca v chng b ca kp:

20.4.11.1 Ca v cng li i chnh, cc loi ca hoc cng c th m t hai pha phi c cc
nhn qua c tr khi chng thp n mc c th nhn qua pha trn (khong 0,9 m ngi ngi trn
xe ln c th nhn qua).
20.4.11.2 Cc ca, cng trt phi c con chn hoc cc b phn thch hp phng b
trt khi ray, ng thi phi m bo khng b ri khi h thng treo hng hoc con ln chch khi ray.
20.4.11.3 Ca, cng m ln trn phi m bo khng t sp xung gy thng tch cho ngi
s dng.
20.4.11.4 Ca, cng ng m bng ng c cn c:
20.4.11.4.1 Cc b phn an ton trnh thng vong cho ngi b kp hoc b nht;
20.4.11.4.2 Cng tc dng c lp t ti ni d thy v d bt;
20.4.11.4.3 C th m t ng hoc m bng tay trong trng hp mt in.

20.4.12. Bin bo:

20.4.12.1 Cn c cc bin bo ch dn thng tin ti cc v tr cn thit nh: li ra vo, li thot
nn, ni c nguy c chy, n, in git, ni cm la, khu v sinh, ni t in thoi, thit b lin lc,
thit b chng chy.
20.4.12.2 Bin bo phi d c v nhng ni d thy. Ti nhng khu vc nguy him, bin
bo phi v tr thch hp mi ngi nhn bit trc khi i vo khu vc .
20.4.12.3 Ni dung ca bin bo phi d hiu, c trng v thng nht vi quy c quc t.
20.4.12.4 Cc bin bo ng thot nn, s tn khn cp phi c chiu sng vi ri trn
b mt bin bo khng di 1 lux.
CH THCH:
Ngoi cc quy nh trn y v bin bo cn tham kho thm quy nh v bin bo, thng tin ca
Cc HKVN ban hnh.

21. Quy nh v an ton khi s dng knh

21.1 Yu cu chung:
21.1.1 An ton i vi tc ng va p:
Knh ti cc ni c ngi thng xuyn lui ti bn trong hoc xung quanh nh ga phi p ng
mt trong cc yu cu ti thiu sau:
21.1.1.1 c bo v trnh va p;
21.1.1.2 C th chu c tc ng va p m khng b v;
21.1.1.3 Nu b v do va p th khng gy nguy him cho ngi s dng.
21.1.2 Du hiu nhn bit knh:
Cc loi knh trong sut t ti nhng ni c ngi thng xuyn lui ti cn phi c gn cc du
hiu nhn bit s c mt ca knh.

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21.1.3 ng m ca an ton:
21.1.3.1 Cc loi ca knh, c bit nhng ni c nhiu ngi ra vo phi c thit k v lp
t sao cho ng m an ton tuyt i.
21.1.3.2 Ca s, ca mi v ca thng gi phi m bo ng, m hoc iu chnh m mt
cch an ton.
21.1.3.3 Cc loi ca trn cao, cc vch bao che, trn hoc mi knh cn phi m bo an ton
khi tip cn lm v sinh.

21.2 Cc yu cu c th:
21.2.1 An ton i vi tc ng va p:
21.2.1.1 n ton khi v do va p. Khi th nghim va p, kt qu phi t mt trong cc yu cu
sau:
- Ch gy ra mt l nh
- Knh khng b v ri ra m ch mt tnh lin tc vi cc mnh nh cn dnh kt vi nhau.
- Knh b v thnh cc mnh khng nhn sc cnh.
21.2.2 Knh c bo v bi vt c nh:
Khi s dng cc vt c nh (lan can, tm chn, ...) bo v knh ti cc vng nguy him th cc
vt ny cn phi:
21.2.2.1 Khng c khe h no nht lt qu cu ng knh 75 mm;
21.2.2.2 Chc chn;
21.2.2.3 Kh tro qua ngn nga chng ri ng.
21.2.3. ng m ca an ton:
21.2.3.1 B phn iu khin ng m ca phi t v tr khng cao qu 1,9 m so vi mt sn
hoc ni c th ng ng m ca.
21.2.3.2 B phn iu khin phi t thp hn 1,7 m khi c chng ngi vt rng ti 0,6 m v
thp hn 0,9 m (hnh 21.1);
21.2.3.3 Khi khng p ng c cc
yu cu ti mc 21.2.3.1 v 21.2.3.2 trn
th phi c cng c ng m ca t xa,
v d nh h thng iu khin in t hoc
iu khin bng tay.

Hnh 21.1 Khong cch ti v tr iu khin ng, m ca

21.2.3.4 i vi cc phng c xy dng m bo ngi tn tt tip cn s dng th phi

tun th cc quy nh ti TCXDVN 264:2002 Nh v cng trnh Nguyn tc c bn xy dng cng
trnh m bo ngi tn tt tip cn s dng.

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21.2.4 An ton khi tip cn lm v sinh ca s:

Trng hp khng th lm v sinh mt knh mt cch an ton bng cch ng trc tip trn mt
t, mt sn hoc cc b mt c nh th cn phi c mt trong cc gii php sau:
21.2.4.1 B tr cc ca s vi kch thc v kiu dng m bo b mt ngoi c lm v sinh
mt cch an ton t pha bn trong ca cng trnh. Cn lp t mt c cu c th gi ca c nh ti v
tr nh trc cho nhng ca s nh vy.
21.2.4.2 B tr mt din tch ph ng, c nh v chc chn v tr cho php s dng thang di
ng c chiu di khng qu 9 m tnh t chn thang ti im ta thang. Vi thang c chiu di nh
hn 6 m th c th t ta trn nn hoc sn; vi thang c chiu di ln hn 6 m phi c ch neo
buc thang vo cng trnh;
21.2.4.3 B tr li tip cn i li c c chiu rng ti thiu l 0,4 m, lan can cao ti thiu 1 m
hoc c cc chi tit neo dng c phng trt ng.
21.2.4.4 B tr cc im neo ph hp treo mc dy an ton.
21.2.4.5 Nu khng p dng c mt trong cc gii php trn, cn b tr ch t gio dng
thp hoc gio treo vi cc dng c an ton i km.

22. Quy nh v h thng in

22.1 Mc tiu:
Cc quy nh trong phn ny nhm bo m trang b in trong cng trnh ph hp vi chc
nng ca nh ga v c thit k, lp t ng k thut, vn hnh an ton, lin tc trong sut thi gian
s dng.

22.2 Phm vi p dng:

22.2.1 Chng ny c p dng cho thit k, lp t h thng in, bao gm ng dy dn
v thit b in bn trong Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng, c xy dng mi cng nh ci to
hoc m rng.
22.2.2 Vic lp t cc thit b in c bit nh: thit b bo chy, chng trm, cc bng qung
co bng in, thit b chuyn dng khc th s theo nhng yu cu ring ph hp cho tng trng
hp.

22.3 Gii php c chp thun t yu cu l:

H thng in trong nh ga c thit k, lp t ph hp vi cc tiu chun Vit Nam di y
s c chp thun l t yu cu:
- QCVN 01: 2008/BCT Quy chun k thut quc gia v an ton in
- Quy phm v trang b in 11-TCN-18-2006 Phn 1: Cc quy nh chung
- Quy phm v trang b in 11-TCN-19-2006 Phn 2: H thng ng dn in
- Quy phm v trang b in 11-TCN-20-2006 Phn 3: Trang b phn phi v trm bin p

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- Quy phm v trang b in 11-TCN-21-2006 Phn 4: Bo v v t ng

- 20 TCN 25 - 91: t ng dn in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng - Tiu chun thit
k.
- 20 TCN 27 - 91: t thit b in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng - Tiu chun thit k.

22.4 Quy nh i vi mt s thit b chnh:

Tham chiu Quy phm v trang b in 11-TCN-20-2006 Phn 3: Trang b phn phi v trm
bin p

22.5 Quy nh v an ton in:

Tham chiu Quy chun quc gia v an ton in (QCVN 03: 2009/BXD) ban hnh ti quyt nh
s 12/2008/Q-BCT ngy 17/6/2008 ca B trng B cng thng.
Tham chiu Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam: Tiu chun thit, lp t trang thit b in trong cc
cng trnh xy dng Phn an ton in (TCXDVN 394:2007)

23. Quy nh v h thng cp nc

23.1 Mc tiu:
Cc quy nh trong phn ny nhm bo m:
23.1.1 p ng nhu cu s dng nc bn trong cng trnh cho hot ng, khai thc, iu hnh
v cha chy.
23.1.2 Bo v con ngui khi b bnh tt, hn ch gy nhim mi trng bng cc bin php:
thot ht cc loi nc thi, x l nc thi ph hp vi tiu chun mi trng.
23.1.3 Bo m an ton cho con ngui vn hnh h thng cp thot nc.

23.2. Quy nh chung:

Quy nh chung i vi h thng cp thot nc bn trong cng trnh phi t c nhng yu
cu nh sau:
23.2.1 Cng trnh phi c lp t h thng cp thot nc ph hp vi chc nng, c im
ca ngi nh v cc iu kin kinh t k thut.
23.2.2 H thng cp thot nc bn trong cng trnh m bo gii php ph hp vi cc tiu
chun di y:
- TCXDVN 33-2006: Cp thot, mng li ng ng v cng trnh - Tiu chun thit k
- TCXDVN 51-2006: Thot nc, mng li bn ngoi v cng trnh - Tiu chun thit k

24. Quy nh v h thng thot nc v x l nc thi

Tham chiu Quy chun quc gia v nc thi cng nghip (QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT) ban hnh
tiThng t s 25/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 16/11/2009 ca B trng B ti nguyn mi trng.

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Tham chiu Tiu chun VN: Nc thi cng nghip Tiu chun nc thi (TCVN 5945: 2005)
ban hnh ti quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B TNMT.

25. Quy nh v phng chy cha chy

Tham chiu Tiu chun VN TCVN 3890:2009: Phng tin phng chy v cha chy cho nh v
cng trnh Trang b, b tr, kim tra, bo dng. Xut bn ln th 2 nm 2009 do Ban k thut tiu
chun quc gia TCVN/TC21 PCCC v B Cng an phi hp bin son. Ban hnh ti quyt nh s
2726/Q-BKHCN ngy 01/12/2009 ca B trng B Khoa hc v cng ngh v Tiu chun Vit Nam
TCVN 9310:2012 phn 3,4,8 quy nh v phng chy chng chy cho cc cng trnh.

26. Quy nh v h thng chng st

Tham chiu Tiu chun xy dng Vit nam TCVN 46:2007 v Quy nh Chng st cho cng trnh
xy dng Hng dn thit k, kim tra v bo tr h thng ban hnh ti quyt nh s 19/2007/Q-
BXD ngy 17/5/2007 ca B trng B Xy dng v TCVN 9385:2012 Quy nh v Chng st cho
cng trnh xy dng Tiu chun thit k thi cng.

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Phn 4: Cc yu t lin quan n nh ga hnh khch hng khng

27. Cc cng trnh v thit b c lin quan n nh ga trong Cng hng khng
27.1 Sn cc phng tin giao thng mt t trc nh ga:
Khu vc trc nh ga thng b tr u tin cho cc phng tin giao thng cng cng nh xe
bus, tu in ngm, tu in ni, taxi...v cc phng tin giao thng c nhn nh t, xe my... Cc
phng tin ny hot ng thung xuyn v chnh xc vi mt cao, c kh nng chuyn ch ln
m nhim lu lng giao thng chnh gia Cng hng khng vi thnh ph.
i vi h thng ng cho cc loi giao thng ny phi c phn lung rt r rng theo tng
khu vc cho n chiu cao, hn ch ti a cc im giao nhau cng ct v thng c kt hp vi
nhng sn xe b tr ngm di t theo nhiu tng m bo cho hng di chuyn mi loi
phng tin tng khu vc u thng sut, thun li.
H thng giao thng trc ga c tc ng ln n b cc mt bng v quy m ca nh ga, trc
tip lm gim din tch khu vc cng cng v gin tip gp phn lm tng hiu qu lu chuyn hnh
khch trong khu vc nh ga.

Bng 27.1 - Tnh ton din tch cho mt s loi phng tin giao thng

STT LOI PHNG TIN DIN TCH GHI CH

(m/1xe)
1 t 15 n 18 Din tch tng c tnh
2 Xe my 2,5 n 3 theo s lng xe
3 Xe p 0,9 n 1

27.2 Sn tu bay, khu ph tr ca cng hng khng

27.2.1 T chc sn tu bay lin quan n hnh dng nh ga:
V tr tu bay trong sn tu bay lin quan rt nhiu n cu trc hnh dng ca cc nh ga.
Tu theo b cc chung ca ton cng hng khng m nh ga hnh thnh cc sn cho tu bay theo
cc loi sau:

27.2.1.1 Loi tuyn tnh (Hnh 27.1)

Loi ny cho php t chc sn v cc v
tr tu bay t do, d dng cho s pht trin
trong tng lai.

H
Hnh 27.1 Loi tuyn tnh

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27.2.1.2 Loi bn o hoc o c lp

(Hnh 27.2)
Loi ny c u im l t chc c nhiu v
tr tu bay.

Hnh 27.2 Loi bn o hoc o c lp

27.2.1.3. Loi v tinh (Hnh 27.3)

Loi ny i hi phi c h thng giao thng
a hnh khch t nh ga trung tm n cc v
tinh.

H
Hnh 27.3 Loi v tinh
27.2.1.4. Loi hp khi tng mun
(Hnh 27.4)
. Loi ny b tr c nhiu v tr tu bay.
Tuy nhin hnh khch nu mun di chuyn t m
un ny sang m un khc phi i xa hn.

Hnh 27.4 - Loi hp khi tng mun

27.2.2 Yu cu i vi sn tu bay, khu ph tr ca cng hng khng:

27.2.2.1 Ngi khai thc cng hng khng-sn bay c trch nhim xc nh phng n khai
thc v s b tr cc v tr tu bay trnh cp c thm quyn ph duyt v cng b trn AIP, quy
ch bay trong khu vc sn bay, ti liu khai thc Cng hng khng - sn bay.
27.2.2.2 Phng n khai thc v s b tr v tr tu bay bao gm:
- S sn k b tr sn v v tr tu bay;
- Ta v tr tu bay (theo ta WGS-84);
- Sc chu ti sn v tng v tr tu bay;
- Loi tu bay khai thc i vi tng v tr ;
- Quy trnh khai thc, phng n cung cp dch v i vi tng v tr .
27.2.2.3 ng ln, sn phi m bo c y cc bin bo, n ch dn cho tu bay t
ln ra, vo v tr t ng CHC an ton theo tiu chun sn bay dn dng. i vi cng hng

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khng-sn bay cha p ng y tiu chun cho vic tu bay t di chuyn an ton vo v tr th
bt buc phi s dng xe dn ng cho tu bay (follow me) dn dt tu bay vo v tr .
27.2.2.4 Trong sn tu bay phi b tr ti thiu mt v tr tu bay cch ly phc v cho cc
tnh hung khn nguy sn bay, chng dch bnh ly lan hoc trong cc tnh hung bo m an ninh
hng khng, an ninh quc phng. V tr tu bay cch ly phi b tr cch xa cc v tr tu bay khc,
m bo thun li cho cc cng tc an ninh, an ton, phng chy cha chy v x l nghip v. Khng
b tr v tr ny pha trn cc cng trnh ngm nh b cha nhin liu tu bay, h thng ng ng
cung cp nhin liu cho tu bay, tuyn cp in lc hoc cp thng tin.
27.2.2.5 Khu vc bo dng, sa cha tu bay phi c b tr bit lp so vi nh ga hnh
khch, nh ga hng ha gim thiu nh hng n cc nh ga do ting n, lung kh thi, nhin
liu gy ra; phi c h thng thu gom v x l nc thi, du thi v cc cht thi c hi khc m
bo tiu chun mi trng.
27.2.2.6 Ngi qun l khai thc cc cng hng khng-sn bay ban hnh chng trnh, quy
trnh kim tra, duy tu bo dng ng CHC, ng ln, sn p ng cc tiu chun theo quy
nh ti Ph c s 14 ca ICAO v tiu chun sn bay dn dng Vit Nam.
27.2.2.7 Ngi qun l khai thc cng hng khng-sn bay c trch nhim kim tra thng
xuyn mt ng CHC, ng ln, sn nhm loi b cc vt th ngoi lai; thc hin cc bin php
nhm ngn nga tu bay i vo ng CHC, ng ln, sn ang ng ca tm thi hoc vnh
vin; bo m duy tr tt cc ch s v k thut; bo m tn sut thc hin duy tu bo dng ng
CHC, ng ln, sn thc hin theo tiu chun c p dng.
27.2.2.8 Trn sn tu bay phi c cc vch sn tn hiu p ng tiu chun ca ICAO v cc
yu cu khc nh sau:
27.2.2.8.1 Ch r v tr tu bay; ch dn tu bay ln vo v tr , vch r, ng r, vch tu
bay, vch dng v ch dn ln ra theo s b tr trn sn tu bay; bo m d khong cch an
ton cho tu bay khi ln, ; ph hp vi cc thit b dn ng khc trn sn tu bay.
27.2.2.8.2 Du hiu nhn bit v tr tu bay (ch hay s) phi bt u t ch r ca ng ln
vo v tip tc trn mt khong ngn sau im ri ng ln; du hiu phi c kch thc t
bung li (cabin) ca tu bay ln vo v tr c th c c;
27.2.2.8.3 nhng v tr s dng linh hot cho nhiu tu bay khc nhau, phi c du hiu
nh du v tr cho tng tu bay c th;
27.2.2.8.4 Sn tn hiu nh du ng ln vo, ng r vng v ng ln ra c k lin
tc trn sut chiu di ln v c chiu rng ca vch sn khng di 15cm; nhng ch c mt hay
nhiu loi sn tn hiu th vch sn nh du v tr tu bay ln hn phi lin tc cn vch sn nh
du cho tu bay khc th ngt qung;
27.2.2.8.5 Sn tn hiu nh du bn knh cc on cong ca ng ln vo, ng r v
ng ln ra c k theo loi tu bay c bn knh quay ln nht;
27.2.2.8.6 v tr d kin tu bay s di chuyn ch theo mt hng phi c mi tn ch hng di
chuyn;

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27.2.2.8.7 K hiu quay u phi b tr th ng gc vi ng ln vo v bn tri xt theo hng

t v tr ngi li ti im bt u quay u; chiu di ca k hiu khng di 6 m k c k hiu mi
tn ch hng quay u v chiu rng ca vch sn khng di 15cm; nu cn nhiu k hiu quay
u v vch dng th phi c l hiu ring cho tng loi;
27.2.2.8.8 Vch dng phi c sn th ng gc vi ng ln vo v bn tri xt theo hng t
v tr ngi li ti im dng; chiu di ca vch dng khng nh hn 6 m v chiu rng ca vch sn
khng nh hn 15cm
27.2.2.8.9 Cc vch sn tn hiu nh du gii hn an ton ca sn tu bay c gi l vch
sn tn hiu an ton sn tu bay; c k trn mt ng sn tu bay theo s tu bay v
cc phng tin trn mt t;
27.2.2.8.10 Cc vch sn tn hiu an ton ca sn ch dn cho ngi, xe c v cc thit b
khc phc v tu bay nhm bo m khong cch an ton cho tu bay bao gm cc thnh phn nh:
khong cch an ton t mt cch tu bay v cc ng bao gii hn ng t phc v phi ph hp
vi s v tr tu bay v v tr cc phng tin trn mt t; c k lin tc trn sut chiu di
sn vi chiu rng ca vch sn khng di 10cm;
27.2.2.8.11 Khu vc tp kt phng tin, thit b phc v k thut mt t phi thit lp cc vch
sn tn hiu ch r khu vc dnh cho vic tp kt phng tin, thit b phc v k thut mt t;
27.2.2.8.12 Cc vch sn khng s dng phi c ty sch hon ton; c th dng cc loi
ha cht ty sch hoc ngn nga vic hnh thnh cht bn trn mt ng sn tu bay khi cn
thit nhng khng lm trn trt mt ng sn ; khng c dng ha cht c hi cho tu bay
hoc mt ng sn tu bay hoc nhng ha cht gy c hi cho mi trng;
27.2.2.8.13 Phi c bin bo cm ngi khng c nhim v qua li ti nhng ni cn thit
m bo an ton bay.

27.3 Cng trnh i kim sot khng lu:

Ti nhng cng hng khng quc t c mt bay cao, hot ng chung trong ton cng rt
khn trng, i hi phi c s kt hp ng b v rt cht ch gia nhng b phn chuyn nghip.
Mt trong nhng cng tc quan trng nht l iu hnh my bay ct h cnh. B phn ny lm vic ti
i kim sot khng lu (Control tower). Yu cu ca cng trnh ny l phi c tm nhn trc tip t v
tr cng tc ca kim sot vin ti mi khu vc c my bay hot ng trong ton cng hng khng.
Trong quy hoch cng hng khng, i kim sot khng lu c th t c lp hoc kt hp vi
nh ga nhng phi tho mn 2 iu kin l tm nhn tt nht v lin lc thun tin nht. Tu theo tnh
cht a hnh, kh hu c th v qui m ca ton cng m i kim sot c cao thit k thch hp,
thng thng cao t 35 n 80 mt. Trong trng hp i kim sot khng lu kt hp vi nh ga th
cng trnh c thm nhiu chc nng hn, mt bng s phc tp hn, nhng vic b cc mt ng i
kim sot khng lu s to nn mt im nhn mnh, nu c gii php hp khi tt cng trnh s t
hiu qu kin trc cao.

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28. Quy nh cho cc thit b c bit lin quan n nh ga

28.1 H thng cu dn hnh khch:
Cu dn hnh khch s dng ni th ng t nh ga ra my bay hoc hnh lang khng phn
nhm nng cao cht lng phc v hnh khch, gp phn trong vic to s thun tin v thoi mi
cho hng khch. Khi hot ng vi khi lng hnh khch ln, vic s dng cu dn hnh khch s
lm tng hiu sut ln rt nhiu trong x l trng ti ca cc my bay loi ln, gim ng k yu cu v
cc thit b di ng trn mt t v thi gian ch i ca my bay.
C 2 loi cu dn hnh khch c bn l: loi cu dn hnh khch di ng ( irbridge drive) v loi
cu dn hnh khch c nh ( irbridge Fixed ).

28.1.1 Cu dn hnh khch di ng

Hnh 28.1 - Cu dn hnh khch loi di ng (airbridge drive)

Loi cu dn hnh khch di ng (Hnh 28.1) c kh nng linh hot v thch ng cao, c th phc
v cho nhiu chng loi my bay khc nhau s dng. Tuy nhin, chi ph u t ban u cng nh chi
ph vn hnh v bo dng ca loi cu dn hnh khch ny li ln hn so vi cu dn hnh khch
c nh.

28.1.2 Cu dn hnh khch c nh

Ti nhiu sn bay th loi cu dn hnh khch c nh (Hnh 28.2) cng tho mn cc yu cu.
Vic chn la cu dn hnh khch loi c nh hay cu dn hnh khch loi di ng cn c nghin
cu c th hn qua cc nghin cu nh gi chi tit v cng ngh, kinh t v trong tng trng hp c
th ca tng nh ga.

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Hnh 28.2 Cu dn hnh khch loi c nh (airbridge fixed)

S dng cc my bay c sc chuyn ch ln s nh hng n vic b tr h thng cu dn hnh

khch dn khch, chiu cao tng ca cng trnh v dc ca cu dn hnh khch . p ng vi
cu dn hnh khch cng nh cc loi my bay thng dng th chiu cao sn tng 2 ca nh ga hnh
khch quy nh ti thiu phi l 3,8 m (hnh 28.3).

Hnh 28.3 - Mi quan h gia chiu cao tng ca Nh ga vi cu dn hnh khch v my bay

28.2 Mi quan h gia c tnh ca my bay vi cng hng khng v nh ga hng khng:
c tnh ca my bay ng vai tr quan trng i vi quy hoch cng hng khng-sn bay. Quy
hoch c cng hng khng-sn bay v khu bay c thit lp cng da trn c im hot ng ca
my bay s c vn hnh ti cng hng khng-sn bay. Trn khu bay cc my bay i din s quyt
nh sc chu ti ca mt ng, chiu di, chiu rng ca ng bng, nhng khong cch ti thiu
gia cc ng bng v ng ln, cng nh cc kch thc hnh hc ca u quay, l bo him.

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Ngoi ra, cc vn mi trng nh ting n v khng kh nhim cng ph thuc vo nhng chic
my bay s c s dng trn sn bay.
i vi Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng, c im my bay s nh hng ln n din tch, s
lng v kch thc ca cc b phn trong nh ga cng nh cu hnh ca nh ga. Cui cng, nng
lc chuyn ch hnh khch ca my bay s nh hng trc tip n kch thc, s lng, chng loi
ca cc thit b lin quan trong nh ga i vi nhng b phn quan trng nh: khu ch ca hnh khch
v h thng x l hnh khch; cc kiu v la chn thit b ca h thng x l hnh l. Bn cnh ,
my bay hin i cng c xem nh l mt yu t nh hng n chc nng ca cng hng khng-
sn bay ni chng s hot ng. Cc chi ph tng ng cho thay i h tng ca mt cng hng
khng-sn bay ph hp vi c im my bay v d nh vic ko di ng bng p ng cho
my bay ln hn c th s l qu cao c bit trong nhng nm gn y nn cc nh sn xut my
bay c lin quan hin nay ang nghin cu c mu my bay mi ph hp vi nhng iu kin hin
ti ca sn bay: V d, nhng n lc ca Boeing v irbus pht trin mt my bay mi ln (NLA)
vi 500-800 ch ngi v mt my bay siu m th h mi ang c thc hin nhm p ng vi cc
yu cu ca ng bng hin ti m khng cn phi khc phc li c s h tng.

T chc HKDD quc t (IC O) a ra tiu chun v khuyn co thc hnh v s lin quan
ca c im my bay vi Cng hng khng - sn bay (bng 28.1)

Bng 28.1 - M sn bay tng ng vi c im ca my bay

Chiu di ng K/c gia cc cnh bn
M sn bay M sn bay Si cnh
CHC ngoi ca lp trn bnh
theo s theo ch (m)
(m) xe chnh (m)
1 <800 A <15 <4,5
2 800 - <1200 B 15 - <24 4,5 - <6
3 1200 - <1800 C 24 - <36 6 - <9
4 >1800 D 36 - <52 9 - <14
E 52 - <65 9 - <14
F 65 - <80 14 - <16

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Ph lc A
(Ph lc quy nh)
Quy nh v cht lng ca d liu hng khng

Bng A.1 - Kinh v v

chnh xc (m) Phn loi

Kinh v v
Kiu d liu (o) Tnh nguyn vn
30 Thng thng
im quy chi sn bay
(o/tnh ton) 1 x 10-3
Ch yu
NAVAIDS b tr trn sn bay 3
1 x 10-5
Cc CNV (chng ngi vt) trong vng bay Ch yu
3
vng v trn sn bay 1 x 10-5
Cc CNV c nh du trong khu vc tip cn Ch yu
3
v ct cnh 1 x 10-5
Gii hn
Ngng ng CHC 1
1 x 10-8
Cui ng CHC Gii hn
1
(im th ng tuyn ng bay) 1 x 10-8
Gii hn
Cc im trn tim ng CHC 1
1 x 10-8
Ch yu
Cc im trn tim ng ln 0,5
1 x 10-5
Thng thng
Cc im kim tra ILS/v tr ca tu bay 0,5
1 x 10-3

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Bng A.2 - Mc cao/ cao so vi mc nc bin/chiu cao

Mc cao/ cao so vi mc nc chnh xc (m) Phn loi
bin/chiu cao Kiu d liu (o) Tnh nguyn vn,
Mc cao sn bay 0,5 Ch yu 1 x 10-5
a hnh ca geoid WGS-84 ti v tr mc
0,5 Ch yu 1 x 10-5
cao sn bay
Ngng ng CHC, tip cn gin n 0,5 Ch yu 1 x 10-5
a hnh ca geoid WGS-84 ti ngng
0,5 Ch yu 1 x 10-5
ng CHC, tip cn gin n
Ngng ng CHC, tip cn chnh xc 0,25 Gii hn 1 x 10-8
a hnh ca geoid WGS-84 ti ngng
0,25 Gii hn 1 x 10-8
ng CHC, tip cn chnh xc
Cc chng ngi vt trong khu vc tip cn
1 Ch yu 1 x 10-5
v ct cnh
Cc chng ngi vt trong vng bay vng v
1 Ch yu 1 x 10-5
ti sn bay
chnh xc/thit b o khong cch
3 Ch yu 1 x 10-5
(DME/P)

Bng A.3 - S bin thin ca sai s v lch t.

chnh xc () Phn loi
lch/S bin thin
Kiu d liu (o) Tnh nguyn vn

bin i t tnh sn bay 1 Ch yu 1 x 10-5

1
S bin thin t tnh ca ng ten nh v ILS Ch yu 1 x 10-5

S bin thin t tnh ca ng ten gc phng 1

Ch yu 1 x 10-5
v MLS

Bng A.4 - Quan h phng hng

chnh xc, Phn loi
Quan h phng hng
Kiu d liu, o. Tnh nguyn vn
nh v ILS 1/100 Ch yu 1 x 10-5
nh gc phng v khng ca MLS 1/100 Ch yu 1 x 10-5

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nh hng ng CHC 1/100 Thng thng 1 x 10-3

Bng A.5 - di/Khong cch/Kch thc

chnh xc (m) Phn loi
di/Khong cch/Kch thc
Kiu d liu Tnh nguyn vn
Chiu di ng CHC 1 (o) Gii hn 1 x 10-8
Chiu rng ng CHC 1 (o) Gii hn 1x10-5
Khong cch ngng dch chuyn 1 (o) Gii hn 1x10-3
Chiu di v chiu rng di hm phanh u 1 (o) Gii hn 1x10-8
Chiu di v chiu rng khong trng 1 (o) Gii hn 1x10-5
C ly h cnh 1 (o) Gii hn 1x10-8
C ly chy 1 (o) Gii hn 1x10-8
C ly ct cnh 1 (o) Gii hn 1x10-8
C ly hm 1 (o) Gii hn 1x10-8
Chiu rng l ng CHC 1 (o) Gii hn 1x10-5
Chiu di ng ln 1 (o) Gii hn 1x10-5
Chiu rng ng ln 1 (o) Gii hn 1x10-5
Khong cch, ng ten nh v tr ILS-im Thng thng
3 (tnh ton)
cui ng CHC 1 x 10-3
Khong cch dc tim, ng ten ILS h cnh - Thng thng
3 (tnh ton)
ngng 1x10-3
Khong cch ngng-cc mc ILS 3 (tnh ton) Ch yu 1x10-5
Khong cch dc ng tim, ngng-ng
3 (tnh ton) Ch yu 1x10-5
ten ILS DME
Khong cch, cui ng CHC-ng ten gc Thng thng
3 (tnh ton)
phng v MLS 1x10-3
Khong cch dc ng tim, ngng-ng
3 (tnh ton) Thng thng 1x10-3
ten cao MLS
Khong cch dc ng tim, ngng-ng
3 (tnh ton) Ch yu 1 x 10-5
ten MLS DME/P

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Ph lc B
(Quy nh)
Ph lc v Quy hoch cng Hng khng

Bng B.1 - Ph lc v khong cch ly ti thiu gia sn bay vi khu dn dng (km)
Hng ct cnh v hng tuyn bay so Hng sn bay
TT
vi khu dn dng I II III IV
a Ct cnh ct qua khu dn dng
- Tuyn bay ct khu dn dng 5 10 20 30
- Tuyn bay khng ct khu dn dng 5 10 15 15
b Ct cnh v tuyn bay khng ct qua khu 2 5 6 6
dn dng

Bng B.2 - Bng phn cp Cng hng khng - sn bay theo chiu di ng CHC

Hng sn bay I II III IV

Chiu di ng CHC (m) Di 800 8001200 12001800 Trn 1800
Phn hng sn bay theo m s ca 1 2 3 4
ICAO(*)

GHI CH
(*) ICAO (International Civil Aviation Organization) l tn vit tt ca t chc hng khng dn dng
quc t .

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CC TI LIU THAM KHO

I Cc ti liu ca nc ngoi:
1 Convention on international civil aviation, signed at chicago, on 7 December 1944 (Chicago
convention):
Cng c quc t v Hng khng dn dng, gm 52 quc gia cng tham gia k ngy 7/12/1944
ti Chicago (M).
1.1 Phn I. Khng vn
Tham kho cc chng
- Chng I: Nhng nguyn tc chung v p dng Cng c
- Chng IV: Cc bin php n gin ha th tc hot ng bay
- Chng VI: Cc tiu chun v khuyn co thc hnh quc t
1.2 Phn II. T chc hng khng dn dng quc t
- Chng VII: T chc
1.3 Phn IV. Nhng quy nh cui cng
- Chng XXII: nh ngha

2 International Standards and Recommended Practices: Annex14 volume I Fifth Edition

2009 (Aerodromes Design and Operation):
Cc Tiu chun v khuyn co thc hnh quc t: Ph c s 14 Phn I Sa i ln th 5,
c hiu lc t 30/4/2010 (Thit k v khai thc sn bay). ca T chc Hng khng dn dng quc t
(ICAO).
3 Airport Terminals Reference Manual - 7th Edition of IATA:
3.1 Chapter 1: Planning considerations
3.2 Chapter 2: Project data
3.3 Chapter 3: Passenger terminal complex
3.4 Chapter 6: Groud transportation
Ti liu tham kho v Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng Cng hng khng, bin son ln th 7
ca Hip hi vn ti hng khng quc t:
Chng 1: Nhng tnh ton v quy hoch
Chng 2: D n v d liu
Chng 3: Tng th Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng
Chng 6: Vn chuyn mt t.

4. Airport Deverlopment Reference Manual - 9th Edition of IATA:

4.1 Chapter B: Planning

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4.2 Chapter C: Master Planning

4.3 Chapter F: Airport Capacity
4.4 Chapter J: Passenger Terminal
4.5 Chapter Q: Landside Facilities
Ti liu tham kho v Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng Cng hng khng, bin son ln th 9
ca Hip hi vn ti hng khng quc t:
Chng B: Quy hoch
Chng C: Quy hoch tng th
Chng F: Nng lc cng hng khng
Chng J: Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng
Chng Q: Trang thit b sn trc nh ga.

5 Advisory Circurlar of Department of transportation Federal Aviation Administration

Washington D.C, Subject: Planning and Design Guidelines for Airport Terminal:
Ti liu hng dn quy hoch v thit k Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng Cng hng khng ca
Cc hng khng lin bang M (FAA).

6 Design Manual DCA Vol.2 - 2010 Airport Design Standards and Signing Guidelines.
Ti liu thit k tp 2 nm 2010 v Tiu chun thit k cng hng khng v nguyn tc bin bo.

7 New Aicrafts Characteristic related to airport planning of Air Transport Reseach Group
Nhng c im ca my bay mi lin quan n quy hoch cng hng khng.

8 Pasenger Terminal 2009 2010 (mt s tp ch chuyn su v Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng
ca nc ngoi nm 2009 v 2010).

9 Mt s bi vit ca cc chuyn gia nc ngoi v chuyn Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng:

- Airport Planning and Terminal Design by Eileen Poh (Assistant Director ICAO affairs)
Quy hoch cng hng khng v thit k Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng ca ngi Eileen Poh.

II Cc ti liu ca Vit Nam:

1 Cc Quy chun Vit Nam:
1.1 Quy chun Xy dng Vit Nam (QCXDVN) ban hnh ti quyt nh s 682/BXD-CSXD ngy
14/12/1996; s 439/BXD-CSXD ngy 25/9/1997 ca B trng B Xy dng.
Bao gm 3 tp vi nhng phn nh sau:
+ Phn I: Nhng quy nh chung
+ Phn II: Quy hoch xy dng
+ Phn III: Cng trnh dn dng, cng nghip

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+ Phn IV: Cng trnh xy dng chuyn ngnh

+ Phn cc Ph lc.
1.2 Quy chun xy dng Vit Nam: Nh v cng trnh cng cng - An ton sinh mng v sc
kho (QCXDVN 05:2008/BXD) ban hnh ti quyt nh s 09/2008/Q-BXD ngy 06/6/2008 ca B
tr-ng B Xy dng;
1.3 Quy chun k thut quc gia v phn loi, phn cp cng trnh xy dng dn dng, cng
nghip v h tng k thut th (QCVN 03: 2009/BXD) ban hnh ti Thng t s 33/2009/TT-BXD
ngy 30/9/2009 ca B Xy dng;
1.4 Quy chun k thut quc gia v an ton in (QCVN 01:2008/BCT) ban hnh ti quyt nh
s 12/2008/Q-BCT, ngy 17/6/2008 ca B trng B Cng thng;
1.5 Quy chun k thut quc gia v nc thi cng nghip (QCVN 24: 2009/BTNMT) ban hnh
ti Thng t s 25/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 16/11/2009 ca B Ti nguyn v Mi trng;
1.6 Quy chun k thut quc gia v xy dng cng trnh m bo ngi tn tt tip cn s
dng (QCXDVN 01: 2002) ban hnh ti quyt nh s 01/2002/Q-BXD ngy 17/01/2002 ca ca B
trng B Xy dng.

2 Cc Quy phm:
2.1 Quy phm v trang b in 11-TCN-18-2006 Phn 1: Cc quy nh chung
2.2 Quy phm v trang b in 11-TCN-19-2006 Phn 2: H thng ng dn in
2.3 Quy phm v trang b in 11-TCN-20-2006 Phn 3: Trang b phn phi v trm bin p
2.4 Quy phm v trang b in 11-TCN-21-2006 Phn 4: Bo v v t ng.

3 Mt s Tiu chun Vit Nam chnh lin quan:

3.1 Tiu chun Vit Nam: Phn cp cng trnh dn dng - Nguyn tc chung (TCVN 2748-
1991).
3.2 Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam: Tiu chun thit k cng trnh dn dng - Nguyn tc c bn
thit k (TCXDVN 276 : 2003)
3.3 Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam: Nh v cng trnh - Nguyn tc c bn xy dng cng trnh
m bo ngi tn tt tip cn s dng (TCXDVN 264:2002).
3.4 Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam: Tiu chun thit k, lp t trang thit b in trong cc cng
trnh xy dng - Phn an ton in (TCXDVN 394: 2007)
- Tiu chun ngnh: t ng dn in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng - Tiu chun thit
k (20 TCN 25 - 91).
- Tiu chun ngnh: t thit b in trong nh v cng trnh cng cng - Tiu chun thit k
(20 TCN 27 - 91).
3.5 Tiu chun xy dng Vit Nam: Cp nc, mng li ng ng v cng trnh Tiu chun
thit k (TCXDVN 33: 2006). Ban hnh ti quyt nh s 06/2006/Q-BXD, ngy 17/3/2006 ca B
trng B Xy dng;

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3.6 Tiu chun Vit Nam: Nc thi cng nghip Tiu chun nc thi (TCVN 5945: 2005).
Ban hnh ti quyt nh s 22/2006/Q-BTNMT, ngy 18/12/2006 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v
mi trng;
- Quy chun quc gia v nc thi cng nghip (QCVN 24:2009/BTNMT) ban hnh tiThng t
s 25/2009/TT-BTNMT ngy 16/11/2009 ca B trng B Ti nguyn v mi trng.

3.7 Tiu chun xy dng Vit nam: Chng st cho cng trnh xy dng Hng dn thit k,
kim tra v bo tr h thng (TCXDVN 46: 2007) ban hnh ti quyt nh s 19/2007/Q-BXD ngy
17/5/2007 ca B trng B Xy dng.
- TCVN 9385:2012 Quy nh v Chng st cho cng trnh xy dng Tiu chun thit k thi
cng.
3.8 Tiu chun Vit Nam: Phng tin phng chy v cha chy cho nh v cng trnh Trang
b, b tr, kim tra, bo dng (TCVN 3890: 2009). Xut bn ln th 2 nm 2009 do Ban k thut tiu
chun quc gia TCVN/TC21 PCCC v B Cng an phi hp bin son. Ban hnh ti quyt nh s
2726/Q-BKHCN ngy 01/12/2009 ca B trng B Khoa hc v cng ngh.
- Tiu chun Vit Nam TCVN 9310:2012 phn 3,4,8 quy nh v phng chy chng chy cho cc
cng trnh.

III Nhng s liu tng hp:

Cc s liu c tng hp ton b, phn tch qu trnh t lp d n, thit k, xy dng, iu
hnh v khai thc ti cc Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng nhng Cng HKQT v ni a ti Vit
Nam t trc n nay, bao gm:

1 Nh ga Hnh khch Quc t T1 Cng HKQT Ni Bi:

Do cc t chc t vn ca Vit Nam thit k (c kin ca t chc t vn ADP - Php) v do cc
nh thu ca Vit Nam xy dng ( a vo s dng t nm 2001 cho n nay).

2 Nh ga Hnh khch Quc t T2 Cng HKQT Ni Bi:

Do t chc t vn ca Nht bn lp d n, thit k v hin cc nh thu VN v Nht Bn ang
thi cng xy dng ti cng HKQT Ni Bi (d kin cui nm 2014 a vo s dng).

3 Nh ga Hnh khch Quc t ti Cng HKQT Tn Sn Nht:

Do cc t chc t vn, nh thu ca Nht bn lp d n, thit k v thi cng xy dng (a vo
s dng t nm 2008 n nay).

4 Nh ga Hnh khch Quc t ti Cng HKQT Nng:

Do t chc t vn ca M lp d n, t vn H Lan thit k v cc nh thu Vit Nam thi cng
xy dng ( a vo s dng nm 2013).

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5 Cc Nh ga Hnh khch Hng khng khc:

Cc nh ga c thit k v xy dng ti cc Cng Hng khng ng Hi, in Bin, Ph Bi,
Lin Khngdo cc t chc t vn ca Vit Nam thit k v cc nh thu Vit Nam thi cng xy
dng.

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