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    5 views51 pages

    Lectures1 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Shubham Mittal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    of 51
    The! £ @1 + Signats convey information aba the stase or Hhavioe Of A physteak systern. Sugraes Can be oynthésteecl tO Commu _ | nwote anfo between hwnane Qndfor machines, « Signals owe usually defened. ar of On0 0} no, voruiorbees ( exdurnphes duclto Snes) ae variable has ausciete values =) Sequences lr Siplens “axe clasvésied, in the Latre way os signals a) Thus, for oxcample, Q digital ryrtem «a system for * | whith both the ainput Onol the Crtput are digital seals. , —_ Advantages of- di duvctoke sepnots | ~e wah be Awalleecl by many technologies with gt _ Plebitity- Caigitoe compiitow, high-speed. | — oe - _ os Sumubote Cur dona ee dsverrtty of thancfoumatons ; _f fe when complex sgnal procencng 45 5 wegputredl § : ole: Not att _ _sepucnces: anise fiom in sti pala ane “teme signal, AC deroked En] , a8! © ot Sequence of mumbex & , an whith the n-th numbor ___ le» where _+ ned, whee T Sod pling fucquona, xb) le 66) 1 yg at) ot 1 l ~6 -5 -) fe-z [to I I I finy. ‘sepuence con be preset as. asum a Seabed , dovayed 0, -4<4 <0,» Af [AJ > 4, the | ak see nces a0 aso otuy cimporrank alh]= £ Cos(Woh+¥) , Un, ~ where eS eR _ | eee dec, “Hen! eta ea" rr a2 le f= aes [ajet tigi ed ont) _ [P= aller af - = [tle] * gos (Goh + ¥) Lele ion iz + [Alsen (wont y) Be eee > “pereitivaté “ Wacybecl since | => When discusing Xn] = Ae! | =Cos(Woonh +) , We need one conser ae te On ankewo of Length IF, suck Os ~h< Wp 4, CAEN AH IAIK A, €HEM, @ ed ort): on a phases. Stree has dimonaintess [too] =adianc , So, oo has wuts of odie pes sample, ana therefore, the unts of h Ove seumples , q jloorarare 5 fel Mr 4 aor Big he austin gues shable” Sworn atnj= AL — Tn the diserete-time once, O peut sequence Us 4 _ &tnJ= ene], Yr, where He Z. 2 ACOL(WOK+Y) = Acos (lpn + DoH) = => WoN= OF#K , where KE ( > vew different ly fum Contentious tme caee.) Sunita 7 ve AL - aad edo 7 ei” => GM=gik, and sinus _ epee ane ok necessary peuode dn _ with peutool (m/e). RUT L map an anpud ati AnkO On autput >) i Note: "The toptuctton On rE Cawrer Lome sirusoddak | A oegrote. uot $0 be poubdce at abl, Gor evampe , Frere es no (VN ct € Cia] =Costh) Satessies alned)] ar] Wold = DK ampli thot thee one WT aufferene _Frequences (eg O04, = TIK/NT, K=O dpe yWRL) for which the tov pong epfein) eoguoncer cae IL | peubotee with pewod JT, | Gow the quscacke- ime (SP) si stn- it-nignal ac). = Aca (inn), Las Wo ie clin] oscillates mow anol more are (uhen Oo Te, the. CEs become olotven, - ane. cbfinedl as Prandowmatons OU mentors, that ylny _ yGy= Tatas _ Gxompler' Sy. - ln] = aln- “a shift to the vulghe) awetage i |, yeu eee Vrez aM 4) Loui ny p= oc Cnt Mi] toCint My-4 + ach] + e024 2c n- lls) Myra td. lA Lines, Sys (as defined by the pureiple of Ne 4 © Ge Alt gad a ath J, H 1 Yond depenals on ali] alone, Sx Seaumpe: yonj= (x0ay®. 5) _Supetportiton TL fecy]+ 0rd} = Thay + Tl} = ( adaiteutty = >) Yl] + oi Tait - 4a 9 aoe [nogasaye) Sub a lls 900} = ob TOualias + p TT iat _ bene ale Senet xQj= > Do Oe Bald 7 2 pea. © Od = 32 0,0) ke=00 — a0 Zane : Landes P ase pa) 7 Fd z CAC pe 2 a0: 2 STEER 5) Nen-enean suctens Consider: <7 yOuy= Ledy0 / x0) | Counter wearmphes 22] = =4,_ 2G (n) 2 10_ = Mle 0, Mo Ca] = L “One can seo that “209 Ci = 10 XC, but - Yo (iy see = the system ss hon -linb0n, ©) Time-davenitakd cyceeme - ~ the system, ain which atime one of the tnpue System CONUS G. CoUMepOndiny. Shift ah. Hho Cuutput Sequence, wousty: af yOuj= TEs} and YCu-noJ= LT (ecr-nel},, Tho , Gon Tabs dime lrwaout. —y— 6 Cou bey. An Lot system ts casual <“f, Vino, the eutput sagjuisiee value at nz no depenols One On the Cyout seguence, | values for nsno, | Byaumples! a) The fouvonel difference Lystern _ ylndz acl] ~ 9.04] (not casual) 6) The backward acfewnce system Ae en a0 4 Coasuae) os Gi: ibike | fe cysteine 4s ay ah the RIRO sense vf Veli) such that [LOT|< Ba <0 (x) , TRS? 00 Such _ that _| y oa] < Ry. Il deb Bulag be the cosponce TG the sytem 0 SCr-k],_ Then! | teverce ACJ ck time about k=O and ther delay He, Bxople: — 2la]= un] (<4 => bouncled) (uJ = OO, nKO - = = Zi abil ee n+), H20 poe unstable = 7 Speke a k=-00 ye {Zz “Og Bord] = Geta) ? Za alc] aE Goma = Lat Aur) = : ——— = - “Bk * Ea ee = _ ~ the conunl ae a £0. ert ROn-WJ from AC], we forse Line novercad. signal by samples, The tmputco veponce «5 0 cer a spectfeel TL syrten. “the peepee Oo 2) CCH AT = i) x00) i=) SO [ 4a = 2te Gate 2 hin my = AGT) _m=- the. | 3) Cascoute connec’ M=>-00 oudon «aS not unporicud P Bese 3) x0 « (AiG Aga) = x09 «4:09 + xd Rec] ON ee Ooms) hid biaca gy, : huh TL) Porat comers yen) _ m= 2.00 1K — 1 — t LT systems “one stoves Ags: SST [Hal om (abit sunt) k=-00 | 1(agai= \ toni -3\ < £ L\eodl [tng] $ BT 0 i ete Cananleuzahag-- > ue Tigo Agr syony 7 ) Desire: x(i= ff ae ae Pe _, AT= [| Tho: [4Gat* a Alo]= ix xed) LOL) = 2. “aa * 2s : Fheehees 2 oe : - ale ‘Sam es of anpulee wasponcer: |(GtR= al 4) Af = dfn: -hol],) doleal dleéay. seahte ! ay AC =. ae = \ ieee a4 ceed | (Fre seh (Ay pllgt4), oth cnedly, = UA i eae OO ee te |[Grstaite) 3 hogs = Sw = uO) ~ accumulator eee oF Wate) Ata = enty-ag = foward! aeffernce | (IR) 8). Aligs Sn] —PEn-2] ~ backward -h— | Stoble TTR rydem: AO s.0" 2 lt Jafca Th ths core S'= Zeal Tay <0 a we stem 2Quivobonce | 4) SEn] Po (n-nd] = Sln- hdl x och] = (n-ne) a) ACa)= (SCn+4] - 6Cn}) # otn-4] = ofr] - PCr ~1] 3) Alg= us (804 -dfn- “= alij-ur-dj = 8M) I Cont tom 8)! Lhe hackwurol differerce 4) | system is the dlwerse system for the Avcumulator | n general: “Chiigs haan Reach. Priest hin eh Cuj= te eax fv] KN A | Cont ae eal wg : a __ 2. —— | orff) -octher wat ov “comploy | contenuous tne pat (w= EF a} (w= [ate a pack a az I L tutor __ of att) Suiiant eomaan fou asatbonse f [atelat <20 ® SoS - Ca: aiatve |e) o- ~ phic eusts «( anthe pene.) ) ats satigier@_ : a (4) a8 continuous Qe. “( llinits at each ide - of 00th oliscontinuity. Jodlet exist) _ 19). alt) has finite # of exema on any senile. aictewol ae Lan @- agate a “(ad ) ATS 9 an) Saucy ¥ 7 4) dunéorty 7 Tr at ae ob > Biw-0 LiwshY fay eee Pa) 20 a Bae as a(t— Te. Sii=2 CIC Gy — : rek- - 2%a,, eR t= fa af _ fata geet Tal ss / = ° rhe: GM w_ fu rqtoak= & [atid YY, Ne _ Jf lets] [ide af Jac Co] cao 4l ata 9a) ela), — HER, a#0~ ze )a ale ZL) 7 q Spa i a a af alt) as aeod, then: — @ aL -w) = Hw) Re [ 25-0} = fol Fw} Im{2%-4)4= -Imf ao) ¢ ite) = | 2%) A L-0) = -4 250) “a=& Ct) Ee aeal _ LE a Z lL aimputse ~ (eile) Cf sevetbrat -f00) —= _funckon a | —l— deg SISO cystom 45 chosaeterteed by the fanccay of- il ot Sipoes alt) at as pertnitted to aecept , and | the math, neldtonship between Signals ca the veput forty anol ther eovverponcltiog outpute ° # STSO system as cineca aft —— i 2) aylt) + gc) > gale) gat (additiecy) | Y call] rs AYlt) (homogeneity) - i ot SISO System as tune-daverient (17) uf i a a(t-to) > 4G), Veo : I of SISO system as ETT af ne. | i 4 | - i VTL GG) eanpat fomity of an LTT SISO system then || _we_olenote by ii(t) the wegbonse to SLE , and cate 2 compete __ Cheandeuetion eg yltl= Eh var (8 Oo ¢ eo " | Yto)= Hh) Lto “ feelpleeted) eenpene Hi 7 : at cinpudse desponse ii 4 i i lf sin(ut = @ Cz ee, ete) | sy — Jf Fans Ube BO fer di) dt = = aS) aay ee ft 2B) Calas alt) Se eee = 14) fe on = na Dek - Paige ete = el 10 > ae) = Palit -leo), aaa 2 ae “amplitude ‘oll pra — pf ok gaivot: oo cis(wot) = =teas( Contte) ‘wot fio 2 / ~olel (GF oint (0) = oo) = = [Sleo-too) +(e) |] - yf Ee —d{w we) | Geneva alta) —~ |: a) = j= trol ST tw-to ~£00) +) (fo @Hl= aw sari? tor) ; Sisphose: © | a%oj- H i) ged Ho-10) 4 | + YT) EEF (i040) ye way Meo nee: ee Sak . le Cfo eat a) _[2%)= PARC), Ylel=-bCa) Jo lH Hip sf Beh asa woo) +ae! ‘te Pee) rei) a ach Fins SYN (40 =/H sy) cor (boot Hho+ pete) “Ce LR al eae _ : same frequents. tynetione | me - frurols ue Lae — i — Pteck (Ey - i a ee _——j — : snetd) _ Sass oF f a tacos nce) il) rece(t)= ] ob, ItH=05 sinelf)= J RE, THO | 6, Hebos. 4, to qi q IL t : feeder “fee =a gis | i = Ste (33). oo “HT wheres | eter wal: oo -arttl= ee fo] + Sai ala “ost -4 (tye) =e fe Pe . =\ane 2? - Chinas ° gi peee Cyaan “tint pe Spal) PUA 2. le j= ole 4, ih Week _sriteest = a plier 7 i T a ‘ba foe: = a a i| a ae Si gal) — = ¥ Pevloole nygnal clo wot rade fy fy @! How 40 define thet Fourier Sona then? he inputs - : — i: Pea Ro 2 ie aoe 2s Ff aioe” 00 ES ae = an 7? LC] d(o-2 yy —_ S S. Ty an faFuety 7 font abode 5h [= atase J (w- S84) Joleo -Stha. od ree =) : "atop aah pee aba ee _ 9 aR wy am, ABy ae Ba Ay Bs . Ppt) - = > nee — I ty “Theos: a - Bee I Che Enen= ior) Bak eee pre = 2) Pa XJ exp ) - = “PStd= A] pw opie |= £ h 7 ARR Aduatsoun: (wt, #7) TORI AIA — Cites gime. 2a & site eek) = ht - { Fs aS <0 neZ ae A= TN TS ee : $sf0a £ a fa "Se, 7 oo a ee : iD Time. shéfts tl J Con ‘ont | i 2) Dineont Eineouty : Zi=axCieb Yo) => Ffa)-a Tush Shay || a) Pouloaucrity: L6)= LH O+9TK) , BER, REZ 4 Ciil= atr-m) &) Y%)= eo” 6) med 4) Slodutation: 4 Cu] = alil= Of alr] <> Yu) = Ole a), 9ek | 5) Tiime- domain convolution: ; [ eldslaxgila= Zi alorytn-m] <> 295 : i mew, : : i 6) Time- domain. muattipbicadion : eCnj satay yon) =) ai(0)= fae y ta) : i 4) Pouovdd foumute: oi 21 aC YOO = Se amd @e\VHe)de f “Aleta in "acHo*ab 4G = XC) <=> y6)= FAC 6) renee ata £46) 9).3 [(etir-neol) — Refars(-0l)= Re farton Im{xse(-o}= —Imfat(e ia ia "4 4 as(-e) =~ x ai(6) |p Lewodeosty oe (un a's peubaut <3 40) REOLRLSS 20) =I FEM <—s LH) as wade xt_ sample frm justie || Representation of olirmete LTT SISO syrtome: I gia: fvahta <> afe)=wo ate —jf— — enj=2(nt+N] _Wnez 7 7 . - ~_ smetteert > peur ) as poulelue af bofante @sT) (8-60) + weet 6480) a ttle 6 of a ales ote tne pected Signol as called the cles lier tianijoun ay The process ‘ok comment a continuous -Hime aad to QO ower of iurinbers is collec strinpecig, (Sxompe Ow Wu0ktov ae) : HI" Fety the ‘goss! = teconttietion, @® The sampiing Coors 4 clitortiae, ci general. The | funclumemal cluttotone “aiuteptuted ty sombting ~ ducing Co" The wheel always appoonr to tute at a speed tuck hiphor-_ thon Iualf Hee humber of fares fen seeonel, either clockuutle Ot Chunkerchoclupise.” epesikion. of thigetle __eli= a(n), soon’ typ pont? aCny= 08 OT I+ xO) 4 leant ee C= xlblp l= _ = > eh] lee aD) F Zzen tnt) h=~oo (ape) af domo, Q. comtnuous-lme rqgrat) Tivo ' fees te Lieanplt.® oe [ Porat : sampling ! _ a(n] =x (nT) shez _ Tmpulse- sag ap &) : Py Tf baa 34 8 4 Ao ott) Cari bes Bxempees + ® 2) alt} ccs(logtte) =) alu] = A0o1(wsTh +4) quseile ang fig, 0, neo cava to" n>0. —— _ how. “alu = 2 Co]= alo) d 0, t<0 _ fo nso - vet) {2 tro =? Wj2 lz kro npledl. ( ty ay eee) Qe sampled veston oF &4) a) x= J 0 tO _C20)_. Re to < [S| oo 2 A at a sampled. : ae aaa adl= rect). a eT “SS a Tyre sane uz @_ (amputee fal J. a n G)_ ah is “aa > atari (cats sample. pet ne ) €(a) om olitedl bo. Prwo ' ©) i— yl)= 4 ile gente) dt = n=-00 Beminsler + 2 lr io 7 ae pSipe mwa db (w- oe - ; : Se ale te : ae pate “eh = —— oe a £ fatoet” d= eau 7 is ere? eile Vnwet] #1 atoet dw - wero laehin/e 7 - PzLel: 3 afo-Me y= a af fez fl on : r —-. = (x) _@ Thowsloun the frequency ayis aod tor = aT _@_ Murrpiy, - the Qmpiitude eis oy t/t @) Foun the “nephicas® at all tre citeger urbeeples of the rampling fuguency som demain gever tire te @® frequency. Aoriak, =i — The condutcon for band-timeted eg nats : 2 Stinpting an the tiny the pluceicty dn 4 AES, Fear Zadre a RADRAARRADAS rate fot toh which at holds as! Saar Tym wut If @ band. limded signal as ~campled at a nate equal or guater than the My gust wate Afm , the chape g the Fouuer earn & the saunpled sGnae 4 da He Wange eet aa] a5 ddontcol +0 the shape of the Fourter tancfoum of the even signet, except Jor_mubicplicowon of the frequacy_ sous by @ facir T, ¢ apa. ae HON of the anplttudL _ - a oN EE a Ce, oT = ant) en ans) : see wkdle @ = sample a | Stee eve sample. ee LT, we ger ©, | Beanple sa l= she (fot) = XU= f pee (are) Therefore! Gkam = = Qt C fram So) ~ Hyatt ~The sampled. pegrol then ag! a 4. x= SircCn) = ACH) — 2 ae(e= 1, |. Suck Reprod ore coobleol Liggeui - T siignat’ amo wluch the sine bas the smallent bandwidth of 0.5/7 he “it~ ga)= snc*( fot) Ww=% [a4 ETC) = PE i bol ditfe 7 : jal. oo i “Ta this case Gm= 2-difo (f= £h)._ oe The sarnpéed_vignae? 4 Ui) = sine*(O5n) , dao _ theese: §— 456) = ee ie! ) ,-TSOST — ow _conpiolor : a | eee tay COLI), Zot) =COHO.LTY - Suppove T= 10, then: 24 (nT) = cos (4.47) = cos(0.8in) = XgCuT) CO en ee Cis & (Y= 0:005(08F4Y 40g Cos (2.4572) _ 7 + Os, os (4. 157) = Oy 5 (057A) = cos ( @T-fot—po) fsa = 2efo Sxccrnpee: a(t) = = for — Suppose gp= 0, then: x(n] = onc(™n) = Et)” Now 4$ bo= T/2, then! _ oe) = gtn(Tn) = 0. => fsam= afo aa pa ta ae alla | T i ompbing. ob an cnfinite bandwith signal aww ouys _g¢ nim 40 Abioscng, ho master how) gn bad saneding NOE. Tl —_Gxoumples!» for speech > Jn F4xHz, f= 9440 le | i ° fou muse > fin =80KIe, fi = 44.1 He Suppese we have LCn] (crell-sampled”) and we wart a(%) > or. oy et Bim pee hy). a . 7: 7 Theovem: Yor a bond-dnuied x) whose borel-wivith 4's sullen RAED, tia £ G/T: tonP a ali) = be ZO { ii ) Proof : RAN res = — c ’ ‘\ L 3 aa “ar ae aE T T T 38 bays rey) )H7@) with WG) =ne0k u(r) 2 => alt= TY] Alap(t-t)dc, with 4) = foure(S) ____Thevefow _ [ken “ee a le). ee = £ tony athe fan [Zacmee: ea ee 3 ta =), hz plenty | 4 x Rife “alél= an fecha aid = atoriet tes = Es lS aame” “Je oldu = OF Sy Vr ii=-00 =r ole mC tur) sire (€-AT) om 2 xluT) foe 2 () ea =r Teternetonton Let teh eon SNC [ NoT-HT}_ a 7 ( T ] = sine (Mo-h) =dtn-ne] => the reconstuctvon foumulia vb couect atthe campe. polats. ead The Shannon céconstentor 11 a noncopuad eyrtem. Loconsttuekin _ XU) ak any + eegucres [eleTl, neZ). So, dees purely thepe- Heal, Th stol-wme_ purcesiing., We must UFC A COtuae teednstiuctor! n lr] - BU)= 22 aah e-17) i : dees _ The cmputce cesponse KE) sroull minémize [I elt)-Byesii | _The : ee aon(4) ( constonk utp cue ng a ten 4 to 2€20) - iF a 4, 08t OS KEM-L Then! ° . —= (0% = Paorep(- Jae YET = eae Quon win p | At ae 4M: =o (07) = 2.2007; The sequence f UT /* eae as peuodie ~ with —_ gh fee bss. : ete] = DFT, Coch} = The phases ae _Pquatty, spaced. The ae phase F appedar ff Nas wen (zt conesporde _ 0 n=). Does (emod.iyeo| Kine om | > Wiy"= “NT bf net: ff (ml )0 | aes a EO ze Wy z gr - "geamertie series _Tf_kemit (= tera): 6), we have Q=L, ‘ pl ait m) = 1, YmeZ. Ty this Ode the 4 x10. Othewise ¢ a My ae fz, n=0 ||_ @xamp@ #4: |etnd= (0, denedrd _ Cid = cos( aT) ae Whee Of O0<5N ace Dil ep (=) joo 2, eF[jnloe a) Fo _._=. 2 a | Teac Sof ao l= — canal site paei gaat ped — eek BI t- -exply (Gt) ar eee eee. 40. 45 ke ) Bo=| an 4/46 Te tite. E 802 an 4.95/16 | T The magnitude SET peaks for b= NOo/an, as c well as for K% W(4-Co/am), I The maynutude BET aks Ot Ks pacneo _ i fee Ueney of the ‘gnal ° te ttne CASL Wher Oo= amg , Latte]. mah - air “hay | on ft 5 Patou “82; [Zao] ih = 5: _ [3 Wh i i Hl ey ‘Fg Secu storia tae (ri: - =e _ Pecubouues oh DEL: ®. The wonge 0 pos steve frequencee), the Wart" =) negative Siequoncier, The pownt K=O Abways =>z0W frequency, ana. a YQ (for even) => O= +I, ; a = afar tee — foe 2 Te a) af t 2 = | LT Le ID 5 phate a eer tH PE 18 [o @ - fo a ae [atu 4tue4),.., 207. eewe-ap — |i — WL The feequency vetoludion of heQPT seab= Ip) Tbs asso cated the proguency bin of the OFT, fb Rg Seeqqubneny wisclidion. of the DIT ap He — I wecee “of He signat alurdtion | = | The welationshuips , . Ape de OS pp hg p7 Kh Un) ae z CtwINy “eZ a | of the powodlie Signat Ee. (The fovmuta fv — i] the Sa ai = Ky. oney= 2 “rar Wins = ; =D. x0a Wy, ) : h=0 ~ _( Jllatux Trteypretation s - eee — any Wy Wa Mp: i) 2 Wee oy We uy We Wee We i ‘na ) 1 -ade-1) _ ie GE r we Wy wy ay TUX it alo] oo} i xa | atea fe ye ff = a i air awn | Then: |L_-con be vieweol as a Fouuer Souls representation — The DFT matuy Ly ass + @) 2° epuod to 1 at at by dnd 1* coturan, i: Symimeeeuce (Wa) im obey ng: Ly Eye Ny Mence, dtr a oymmetace unitary “bak fate ~nounalizakion by Y/R). We abo hove: e Q The SFT natux hay Orthogonal columns with (when | nounolized by 1/\W) foum an othonounal bastrant” ) _ Propersior of ro SEL per e | a lereaedys eba=anoatbyo) © gthigsantares tg, aber [a Perioaceeyy: — otc = 2400] | Ciecate shifts! 4 CnJ= ae C(r-m) mod] aoaaee Oy Cure Why Eo me Z a (Bm shaft (rcodutabion} 7 | yeas, a0 > ote ahem nil) med i] i 5, Pasrsevae's theowem: | wet w-4 = daoage= 4 ETI te n=0 | Nad LE or : w-4 : 2 Z [aval 5 & (2%) “IB Conjugation __ycud=atn) <=> 4g = ET U0-e)mod IT WOge LEW Wy = 2xooW,= et n=0 [Lacan "| = COW) moo ] | i. Symmebey (af octuy- eat) | eC (W-0) moat] = BC - Red AC (U0 med WI = Rel LIF Imf x90 U-) mal vT}= Im E05 [aXl (UK) mod WIp= j_et0K)) x aeIC(N-Y mot N= — x avy i Ned. Pow: 4) atcorsarttoy ake: @°00I=Daly n=0 ) x L w/a] = LLM], ance : (for W- even |) Wt, ata = 22 C4) abn] Tf Was odd, aj cF not an anteger =) the il sett cory ugate Centro potrk as asst Too ow) 0, NSnes- £ = (at vet i kl Oey, Zaw ep eee eat, where Oleje oe OsksM-1. lig ate) ) atl _ Ceampte (Matlab): | 4], aero (4, M-Congth(xy)] Oo. = | iokes « Can be interpreted ac tideipolation cporactin fen (aay, MeLd > i ieee oe | ee _inprouing, t the Weal conttnucty oe [plot ob fioquensy. eepponser "fdas" oletaxes, but dees, not add alefoumatian ° a dl Sp ila OY) dis 4: xO) y y LO-m) me A, % io Cel I ee a6 andl 7a have the samme Congth AZ Then: pollution 7 ao oe peuladiie ~ traolaion) 4a XC) _ 43. ae ae(o]_ wie ee {er | We are gion! comple eat ST EtmIA ytn-m) mam __ a= 0d (0, 44-5, My = men {e-4 , - 7 a O8NS My-t} We waste ata2 (2) Bale ypatr-m] jm=6 Oia the other banal? _ a ee i epee se(4ee an = ae a Py eae” “Conve tion, - Ao oSns Wd Il | [ta ©yeh Gade Z as. ware) J I\ 4a. ay, 2CaYa | Th! the Seon. sum! ie Pat gal on) mocl N)] = Jt ‘nao yal “eB Seen Ath & MSs hy-4 Dene < 0th Ma. = [als a9 001 yo. = C43 424o01 a) e(Cnl= 9 S Ss jinn ne a(n =a (nT) Pie ox ( a wie , | Waite m_ = ae A eae 2 7 Phat ap ae K=O Ce 4 aL = az Z (we x aa CE ~ ~ Lt d= J) MHI — osks tl CMM], NA s KE N-4 f no m -~) Beaake Gains Tear 5 iL Baw: ath au Za Ce eons Bi rae pln Caen “) Whe tunsjoun- gC" TTI 4 a = The WOT? ep a ee Way ata = Satis"? )., i “Oh htO.5)ie Sa P at ae h=0 | AW gat ee W. a # “bee] ee eta =(cayl a, DUCK ae a Gy) Gb ote GO) Why = : O€ KE OG-1 be Me 25 UCI WY, Dy nF ou whe Cos a a es) _ Ty, => tal ce sncrorreacl) zr a Teskey decomposition G8) 4 | eee ee ce =. wk pie, = PQ P>4,Q>4) vo he Pg tp , - 084. £Q-4 » OS ps Pod, ) keQsur, _ O “Cy , OspsP-4 | Thon: pr are TP cD ES Le Z Aste] = 2 2 2 apd We Saray, RE ° Foun P desided quences LelGI] Anat compute | the O-poink QPT of each + Slubtiply the Aerutis by the tucdle, factowr We, + GX each 1, pute the p- pont QLT of Gel eae PL 895 of Leip tications QQET: of | tength Q@ = Fy furddee + tength B \ be aes cornper tec A V7 | v (P~2* complex (otax of BQ (G18 as yuudepticakon | foetors , P#Q-4 i a | Of toich are 4) (G4) i PC(E-4)_ compler | y additions | (P-1)(Q-4) i | hut pleceins / => Totol: Le No( P+Q-8) +4 ~ Compler mute pulc ation, LT (2+Q-2)|_ ~ .complex addition = _ As comparve with| on A-point GFT which requires (-4)® 2 M(M-t)) Thewdoe: : @ KAT = __4¢ P. ___|] ot a-pait BET as = th a np geoen by: | Leal [a a xlo]} (eeees ents (Fre) he ey) a ane reneuinbel ! : | _ Dir: _ Hl Woke; = — Ata: os ( #a+ Eto-3) ~ | Phecefore’ Ios (05( Rx) - 24g) | ea Le [atn), osneme-2} , [40a], o ow atl aCe) = Ee | he -05*, Osh J- 44 anol we wish to Compute: V~4 aj OG 28 ah] e , Whee on, sothat: Olk]= Cot+k40 OsKksk-t UR) MAPS, We want OC WR Logg (b+) , Solution + Qifine W= et"? teen : ~4 eaten te A~4 Boh —KK a*(eta)= 2 ate! amet W n=o n=O Msing, the fock nk =|05 [ne * & nny], we get: : -OSKA 0-4 =O 05h? a5 (en)> actera)= Wo | Date! W = lie) -ogne osn* / : eet ae 1 Defic GlaJ= alejew"W | ACAI= W Thon tg ALG Note: gtn) Oo at etn) cs A Ci) as dofinite . Mowever, sence we heeol ont. CA(n], -W-d) ne kd), mage rO5Kt atuy _ Suppose we are rntorested vn A preeveous c Suppose sv= KL for some +) Tics simetan to 4e & ko £ KS ko+ K-41, se with! Go= 2ikof/AJ, 407 37/N Heeger Z ( 2e10-paddeng a's foosstbte) k-4 _ ket? : : ; n= tem, O) The FT of the weed- window wl ae= 2) ie RecaLe : ; aheys A-t 5m 4- exp) = pe one OCG Nb,K) ~ pot QFTs of the L decimated ax (l+mL] amt ~Ke __ Xtey= Dagan j= alysis a Weirdowing ee - duaateon) signal. We peck: Gi], O

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