TNTSL Nov 2017

Trng i hc Bch Khoa
Khoa in in T
B mn Vin Thng
TRUYN S LIU
Ti liu th nghim
PTN Truyn s liu

2017
Phng TN Truyn s liu Th nghim Truyn S Liu
Ti liu tham kho

[1] PTN Vin Thng, Ti liu th nghim Truyn S Liu v Mng - D kin
[2] Fred Halsall- Data Communications,Computer Networks and Open Systems
[3] William Stallings,Ph.D- Data and Computer Communications.
[4] Ths.Trn Vn S - K thut truyn s liu v mng. i hc bch Khoa Tp.HCM
Thng tin lin h

+ Khoa: in- in t, tng trt dy B1; 268 L Thng Kit Q10, Tp.HCM
in thoi : 08 8647256 - 5764
+ B mn: Vin thng; tng trt dy B3; 268 L Thng Kit Q10, Tp.HCM.
in thoi : 08 38654184
+ Ths. inh Quc Hng Email:
+ ng Nguyn Chu Email: chaudn@hcmut.edu.vn
2
Mc lc
BI TH NGHIM ......................................................................................................... Trang
1. Cu hnh Access Point c bn................................................................................................4
2. Cu hnh mng c bn .........................................................................................................19
3. Phn tch cc protocol thng dng ca TCP/IP ...................................................................32
4. Si quang .............................................................................................................................44
5. Phn tch giao thc SDLC v HDLC ...................................................................................56
3
Bi 1: CU HNH ACCESS POINT C BN
Mc tiu th nghim:
o Gip sinh vin lm quen vi a ch IPv4.
o Thc hnh bm cp mng.
o Thc hnh cu hnh Access Point
Ni dung th nghim:
o Tm hiu v a ch IPv4.
o Bm cp mng theo chun 568A v 568B.
o Cu hnh Access Point
Thit b th nghim:
o 1 my tnh c card mng.
o 4 on dy cp mng (cha bm), 8 u RJ45.
o Access Point
o ADSL Modem
4
Phn 1: C s l thuyt
1. a ch IPv4
2 h thng c th giao tip c vi nhau qua mi trng mng, chng phi c nh
danh duy nht c th xc nh c v tr ca mi h thng trong mng. Trong cuc sng
hng ngy, tn hoc s (s in thoi, s xe, s chng minh nhn dn) c dng xc
nh duy nht mt ngi hoc vt. Tng t, trong mi trng TCP/IP, mi h thng phi
c gn t nht mt s nh danh gi l a ch IP, thng qua cc a ch ny m mi my c
th nh v v giao tip vi cc my khc.
a ch IPv4 bao gm 32 bit v c lu trong mi my di dng mt chui 32 gi tr nh
phn 0 v 1. Tuy nhin, con ngi d s dng v thao tc, a ch IP c chia thnh tng
nhm 8 bit v thng c vit di dng 4 s thp phn c ngn cch vi nhau bng du
., mi s thp phn l biu din ca 8 bit nh phn theo th t t tri sang phi. Mi nhm
8 bit nh phn nh vy c gi l mt octet.
V d:
a ch IP c lu trong my di dng 32 bit nh phn lin tc:
10000011011011000111101011001100
32 bit
10000 01101 01111 11001
011 100 010 100
8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit

131 . 108 . 122 . 204
a ch IP bao gm 2 phn: phn th nht lun nm u gip xc nh mng m h thng

kt ni n c gi l phn network; phn th hai gip xc nh mt h thng c th trn
phn mng , c gi l phn host. a ch IPv4 c chia lm 5 lp: lp A, B, C, D v E,
trong ch c a ch lp A, B v C c cng gn cho cc thit b u cui.
a ch lp A bao gm 8 bit u thuc v phn network v 24 bit cui thuc v phn host.
a ch lp B bao gm 16 bit network v 16 bit host, a ch lp C gm 24 bit network v 8
bit host.
a ch lp A, B hay C c phn bit da vo octet u tin ca a ch IPv4 vi octet
u tin bt u bng bit 0 l a ch lp A, ni cch khc a ch lp A s c octet u tin
bt u t 0 n 127 (thp phn); tuy nhin, lp A, a ch c octet u in l 0 v 127
khng c s dng nn khng gian a ch dng c cho lp A c octet u tin bt u t
1 n 126 (thp phn). a ch lp B c octet u tin bt u bng 2 bit 10, nh vy mt
a ch IP lp B s c octet u tin bt u t 128 n 191 (thp phn). a ch lp C c
octet u tin bt u bng 3 bit 110, nh vy mt a ch lp C s c octet u tin bt u
t 192 n 223.
5
Lp A Network Host
Octet 1 2 3 4
Lp B Network Host
Octet 1 2 3 4
Lp C Network Host
Octet 1 2 3 4
gip phn tch nhanh chng phn network v phn host ca mt a ch IP, ngi ta a
ra subnetmask. Subnetmask cng bao gm 32 bit v cng c biu din di dng 4 s thp
phn nh a ch IP vi nh ngha bit 1 ca subnetmask s cho bit bit tng ng ca a
ch IP thuc v phn network cn bit 0 ca subnetmask s cho bit bit tng ng ca a
ch IP thuc v phn host. V c biu din di dng nh sau:
<a ch IP>
<Subnetmask>
V d: Mt a ch IP lp A s c 8 bit u thuc v phn network v 24 bit cui thuc v
phn host, nh vy subnetmask ca a ch ny s c 8 bit u l bit 1 v 24 bit cui l bit
0: 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 hay biu din di dng s thp phn s l:
255.0.0.0.
Mt cch biu din khc ca subnetmask l Prefix length, trong , ngi ta ch tnh s bit
network ca a ch IP (gi s l x bit) v biu din di dng <a ch IP>/x. Ly v d va
ri, mt a ch lp A gi s l 10.1.1.1 s c 8 bit thuc v phn network, do s c prefix
length l /8. Biu din ca a ch ny s l 10.1.1.1/8.
2. Cch gn a ch IP cho 1 my tnh
Vo Start>Settings>Network Connections, trong ca s mi, double click vo biu tng
Local Area Connections, chn Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) ri bm vo nt Properties.
ca s mi, click chn Use the following IP address ri g vo a ch IP, Subnetmask v
Default gateway (default gateway c th c hiu l a ch IP ca thit b kt ni phn
mng hin ti vi cc mng khc, thng thng l a ch ca cng router ni vi phn mng
hin ti, nu mng LAN khng kt ni vi phn mng khc th c th trng trng ny).
6
3. Bm cp theo chun 568A v 568B

Mng LAN c dy c IEEE chun ha trn nhiu phng tin truyn dn khc nhau: cp
ng trc, cp quang, cp xon c gip bo v (STP), cp xon khng c gip bo v
(UTP) Trong , cp UTP ngy nay c s dng rng ri nht do c gi thnh r, kch
thc nh, d thi cng, lp t Trong bi th nghim ny ta s tm hiu 2 chun bm cp
UTP cho mng LAN l 568A v 568B.
7
Cp UTP bao gm 8 dy, chia lm 4 cp c xon vi nhau, mi cp gm mt dy c v

c nhum mu v mt si c v mu trng hoc mu trng c mt vch mu trng mu
vi si mu trong cng cp chy dc theo chiu di si dy ty theo hang sn xut. 4 si mu
trong cp UTP s c mu ln lt l cam, xanh l, xanh dng v nu. Nh vy, d gi v
d phn bit, ta s gi tn cc si dy nh sau: nu dy l dy mu ta s gi theo mu c
nhum trn v ca dy y, vd: dy xanh dng; cn nu dy l trng th ta s gi l dy trng
+ tn ca si mu trong cng cp, vd: dy trng trong i dy xon c dy mu l cam th s
c gi l dy trng-cam.
Tip theo, ta tm hiu cc chn tn hiu ca mt card mng. card mng Fast Ethernet ca my
tnh s cho ra 8 ng tn hiu, trong chn 1, 2 l chn pht, chn 3, 6 l chn thu.
EIA/TIA a ra 2 chun bm cp s dng cho UTP l 568A v 568B s dng trn u ni
RJ-45. C 2 chun ny u c s sp xp xen k gia cc dy trng va dy mu, bt u bng
mt dy trng ri n 1 dy mu im khc nhau gia 2 chun ny l s i ch ca cp
pht v thu.
8
S th t 568A 568B
chn
1 Trng-xanh l Trng-cam
2 Xanh l Cam
3 Trng-cam Trng-xanh l
4 Xanh dng Xanh dng
5 Trng-xanh dng Trng-xanh dng
6 Cam Xanh l
7 Trng-nu Trng-nu
8 Nu Nu
Nh vy ni trc tip 2 my tnh, tc l ni 2 card mng ca 2 my tnh bng cp mng

th cp mng phi c u sao cho cp pht ca my ny c ni vi cp thu ca my kia,
loi cp mng ny c gi l cp cho (crossover cable). Mt u ca cp s c bm theo
chun 568A, cn u kia s theo chun 568B
S u dy cho cp cho
u ni 1 (568A) u ni 2 (568B)
1-Trng-xanh l 1-Trng-cam
2-Xanh l 2-Cam
3-Trng-cam 3-Trng-xanh l
4-Xanh dng 4-Xanh dng
5-Trng-xanh dng 5-Trng-xanh dng
6-Cam 6-Xanh l
7-Trng-nu 7-Trng-nu
8-Nu 8-Nu
Cc chn tn hiu trn l ng cho card mng ca PC, Router v cc thit b u cui, tuy
nhin, i vi Switch v Hub th s cc chn tn hiu c s thay i, i vi 2 thit b ny
th 2 tn hiu TD+ v TD- li nm chn 3 v 6 cn 2 tn hiu RD+ v RD- li nm trn chn
1 v 2. Nh vy ni my tnh vi Switch hay Hub th ta ch cn u thng chn 1 ca u
ni ny sang chn 1 ca u ni kia v tng t cho cc chn khc, cp ny c gi l cp
thng. Nh vy c 2 u ca dy ni s c bm theo cng mt chun hoc cng l 568B
hoc 568A.
9
S u dy cho cp thng (568B)

u ni 1 (568B) u ni 2 (568B)
1-Trng-cam 1-Trng-cam
2-Cam 2-Cam
3-Trng-xanh l 3-Trng-xanh l
4-Xanh dng 4-Xanh dng
5-Trng-xanh dng 5-Trng-xanh dng
6-Xanh l 6-Xanh l
7-Trng-nu 7-Trng-nu
8-Nu 8-Nu
Phn 2: Cu hi chun b
Cu 1: mi card mng ta u c mt a ch vt l (MAC address) duy nht, ti sao ta li

cn thm a ch IP lp 3?
Cu 2: Hy cho bit l do ti sao cp UTP ngi ta xon cc cp dy li vi nhau?
Cu 3: Phn bit cp xon, cp thng, cp cho
Cu 4: Hy cho bit phi dng loi cp no kt ni cc thit b sau (cng LAN): Router-
Router, PC-PC, Switch-Switch, Router-Switch, PC-Switch, PC-Router?
Cu 5: Tm hiu v Access Point. Hy cho bit chc nng, tc dng ca Access Point ?
Cu 6: Phn bit mng WAN v mng LAN
Cu 7: Tm hiu v phn bit a ch WAN v a ch LAN khi cu hnh AP. Cho bit chc
nng ca DHCP. Cc bc cu hnh Access Point kt ni my tnh vi ADSL Modem ?
10
Phn 3: Th nghim
SV thc hin th nghim v tr li cc cu hi trong phn th nghim, sau khi hon thnh
xong phn th nghim, sinh vin np li cu tr li cho gio vin hng dn th nghim.
Ngy th nghim:.
Nhm: .....
1/..
2/..
3/..
4/..
1. Thc hnh bm cp mng theo chun 568A v 568B:

Sinh vin thc hin bm 2 cp thng v 1 cp cho.
o Bc 1: tut 1 on khong 5cm lp v nha bc si cp UTP. Ch khng lm nh

hng n cc cp dy xon cng nh khng tut v nha bc cc si dy xon.
o Bc 2: g xon cc cp dy.
o Bc 3: da vo s mu dy phn l thuyt xp xp cc dy theo chun.
o Bc 4: sau khi xp xp dy xong, dng km ct dy, ct cho cc u dy bng nhau.
o Bc 5: a cc dy xp xp vo u RJ-45, kim tra sao cho cc tt c u dy chm
n y ca u ni v phn v nha bc si cp UTP nm trong u ni RJ-45
o Bc 6: dng km bm cp bm cp, hon tt mt u cp. Ch nhng l ng

ca u RJ-45 chm hn xung mi c tip xc tt vi cc dy cp UTP.
Lp li qu trnh trn cho u kia. Sau khi hon tt, dng my test cp kim tra cp
c bm ng hay cha.
Lu : sinh vin lu khi ct dy trnh lm ri vi ra ngoi khu vc th nghim, sau
khi bm dy phi dn dp sch s khu vc th nghim.
11
2. Cu hnh Access Point c bn

2.1. Cc thng s cn phi cu hnh cho Access Point:
o Cu hnh cho a ch WAN ca AP:
Internet Connection Type: Static IP
IP Address: 192.168.1.x (x ty chn)
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
DNS Server: 192.168.1.1
o Cu hnh cho a ch LAN ca AP:
IP Address: 192.168.x.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
o Cu hnh DHCP cho AP:
DHCP Server: Enable
IP Pool Start Address: 100
IP Pool Stop Address: 150
2.2. Cc bc tin hnh
Bc 1: Kt ni vt l
o Dng cp thng kt ni cng LAN ca my tnh vi mt trong cc cng LAN ca access

point.
o Dng cp thng kt ni cng WAN ca access point vi ADSL Modem
12
o Kim tra trng thi cc n LED trn Access Point trc v sau khi kt ni cp:
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
Bc 2: Thit lp PC
o M ca s Network and Sharing Center: c 2 cch: vo Control Panel v double click vo

biu tng ca Network and Sharing Center hoc trn hp thoi Run g lnh ncpa.cpl
o Chn Change adapter setting, sau double click vo biu tng mng LAN (Local Area
Connection) ca my tnh
13
o Ca s Ethernet Status s xut hin:
o Ti ca s ny, chn Properties > Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) > Properties
m ca s Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) Properties
o Cu hnh PC nhn a ch IP t ng bng cch chn Obtain an IP address automatically
o Click chn OK > OK > Close ng cc hp thoi.
Lu : Sinh vin cn OK v Close cc hp thoi cc thay i c lu li.
Bc 3: Cu hnh Access Point (AP)
o Bt ngun Access Point, nhn gi nt RESET khi phc li ci t gc ca AP.

o M trnh duyt web (Internet Explorer) v nhp a ch IP mc nh cho AP: 192.168.0.1
o Ti ca s ng nhp, nhp username v password mc nh:
Username: admin
Password: admin
14
Lu : a ch IP, username, password mc nh ca AP s thay i ty theo hng sn xut v

tng loi AP. bit cc thng tin ny, cn tra cu User Manual/User Guide ca tng AP c
th.
o Trong ca s tip theo, click chn Advance bt u cu hnh AP:
o Trong Tab Advance > Internet Connection Setup: Ty chnh cho WAN ca AP:
Internet Connection Type: Static IP
IP Address: 192.168.1.x (x ty chn)
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
Gateway: 192.168.1.1
DNS Server: 192.168.1.1
15
o Click chn OK lu li cc thit lp.

o Trong Tab Advance > LAN Setting: Cu hnh LAN ca AP:
IP Address: 192.168.x.1
Subnet Mask: 255.255.255.0
o Trong Tab Advance > DHCP Server: Cu hnh DHCP cho AP:
DHCP Server: Enable
IP Pool Start Address: 100
IP Pool Stop Address: 150
16
o Sau khi cu hnh xong, vo Tab Tools > Reboot > Reboot the Router khi ng li AP
Bc 4: Kim tra AP v kt ni Internet:
o Vo trnh duyt Web, nhp a ch LAN ca AP va cu hnh trong bc 3.

o Vo Tab Advanced > Status. Kim tra cc cu hnh WAN v LAN. Ghi nhn kt qu:
WAN:
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
LAN:
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................................
Kim tra kt ni Internet trn PC. PC c vo Internet c khng ? .............................
Bc 5: Cu hnh Wireless cho AP (ty chn)
o Trong Tab Wireless > Wireless Basic Setting: enable wireless, cu hnh tn wifi v cc
thng s ca AP. (Sinh vin tm hiu thm trn Internet cho phn thit lp khng dy ny)
17
o Trong Tab Wireless > Wireless Security: Chn wifi mun cu hnh v thit lp bo mt cho
wifi ny:
o Click chn OK lu li cc thit lp. Reboot li AP

o Sinh vin kim tra kt ni wifi vi AP va thit lp. Dng cc thit b khng dy kt ni vo
wifi ca AP, kim tra kt ni Internet ca cc thit b ny. Cc thit b di ng c truy cp
Internet c khng ? ......................................................................................................
18
Bi 2: CU HNH MNG C BN
Mc tiu th nghim:
o Tm hiu cu hnh c bn trn router Cisco.
o Xy dng mng peer to peer, switch based, router based.
Ni dung th nghim:
o Tm hiu v a ch IPv4.
o Xy dng mng peer to peer (PC PC).
o Xy dng mng Switch based.
o Cu hnh c bn router Cisco.
o Xy dng mng Router based.
Thit b th nghim:
o 2 my tnh c card mng.
o 1 router 2801.
o 1 switch 2950.
19
Phn 1: C s l thuyt
1. a ch IPv4
2 h thng c th giao tip c vi nhau qua mi trng mng, chng phi c nh
danh duy nht c th xc nh c v tr ca mi h thng trong mng. Trong cuc sng
hng ngy, tn hoc s (s in thoi, s xe, s chng minh nhn dn) c dng xc
nh duy nht mt ngi hoc vt. Tng t, trong mi trng TCP/IP, mi h thng phi
c gn t nht mt s nh danh gi l a ch IP, thng qua cc a ch ny m mi my c
th nh v v giao tip vi cc my khc.
a ch IPv4 bao gm 32 bit v c lu trong mi my di dng mt chui 32 gi tr nh
phn 0 v 1. Tuy nhin, con ngi d s dng v thao tc, a ch IP c chia thnh tng
nhm 8 bit v thng c vit di dng 4 s thp phn c ngn cch vi nhau bng du
., mi s thp phn l biu din ca 8 bit nh phn theo th t t tri sang phi. Mi nhm
8 bit nh phn nh vy c gi l mt octet.
V d:
a ch IP c lu trong my di dng 32 bit nh phn lin tc:
10000011011011000111101011001100
32 bit
10000 01101 01111 11001
011 100 010 100
8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit

131 . 108 . 122 . 204
a ch IP bao gm 2 phn: phn th nht lun nm u gip xc nh mng m h thng

kt ni n c gi l phn network; phn th hai gip xc nh mt h thng c th trn
phn mng , c gi l phn host. a ch IPv4 c chia lm 5 lp: lp A, B, C, D v E,
trong ch c a ch lp A, B v C c cng gn cho cc thit b u cui.
a ch lp A bao gm 8 bit u thuc v phn network v 24 bit cui thuc v phn host.
a ch lp B bao gm 16 bit network v 16 bit host, a ch lp C gm 24 bit network v 8
bit host.
a ch lp A, B hay C c phn bit da vo octet u tin ca a ch IPv4 vi octet
u tin bt u bng bit 0 l a ch lp A, ni cch khc a ch lp A s c octet u tin
bt u t 0 n 127 (thp phn); tuy nhin, lp A, a ch c octet u in l 0 v 127
khng c s dng nn khng gian a ch dng c cho lp A c octet u tin bt u t
1 n 126 (thp phn). a ch lp B c octet u tin bt u bng 2 bit 10, nh vy mt
a ch IP lp B s c octet u tin bt u t 128 n 191 (thp phn). a ch lp C c
octet u tin bt u bng 3 bit 110, nh vy mt a ch lp C s c octet u tin bt u
t 192 n 223.
20
Lp A Network Host
Octet 1 2 3 4
Lp B Network Host
Octet 1 2 3 4
Lp C Network Host
Octet 1 2 3 4
gip phn tch nhanh chng phn network v phn host ca mt a ch IP, ngi ta a
ra subnetmask. Subnetmask cng bao gm 32 bit v cng c biu din di dng 4 s thp
phn nh a ch IP vi nh ngha bit 1 ca subnetmask s cho bit bit tng ng ca a
ch IP thuc v phn network cn bit 0 ca subnetmask s cho bit bit tng ng ca a
ch IP thuc v phn host. V c biu din di dng nh sau:
<a ch IP>
<Subnetmask>
V d: Mt a ch IP lp A s c 8 bit u thuc v phn network v 24 bit cui thuc v
phn host, nh vy subnetmask ca a ch ny s c 8 bit u l bit 1 v 24 bit cui l bit
0: 11111111.00000000.00000000.00000000 hay biu din di dng s thp phn s l:
255.0.0.0.
Mt cch biu din khc ca subnetmask l Prefix length, trong , ngi ta ch tnh s bit
network ca a ch IP (gi s l x bit) v biu din di dng <a ch IP>/x. Ly v d va
ri, mt a ch lp A gi s l 10.1.1.1 s c 8 bit thuc v phn network, do s c prefix
length l /8. Biu din ca a ch ny s l 10.1.1.1/8.
2. Cch gn a ch IP cho 1 my tnh
Vo Start>Settings>Network Connections, trong ca s mi, double click vo biu tng
Local Area Connections, chn Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) ri bm vo nt Properties.
ca s mi, click chn Use the following IP address ri g vo a ch IP, Subnetmask v
Default gateway (default gateway c th c hiu l a ch IP ca thit b kt ni phn
mng hin ti vi cc mng khc, thng thng l a ch ca cng router ni vi phn mng
hin ti, nu mng LAN khng kt ni vi phn mng khc th c th trng trng ny).
21
3. Cu hnh thit b Cisco c bn

c th thc hin cu hnh thit b, u tin ta phi thc hin m hnh kt ni. C 2 cch
thit lp kt ni cu hnh: in-band thng qua telnet, ssh, web v out-of-band thng qua
cng console hay cng Aux. Trong cc bi th nghim, chng ta s thc hin kt ni vi thit
b thng qua cng console. Kt ni c thit lp gia cng console ca thit b vi cng
COM ca my tnh thng qua mt dy Rollover chuyn i DB9-RJ-45. M hnh kt ni
c thc hin nh sau:
22
Sau khi thit lp xong m hnh kt ni vt l, ta cn dng mt phn mm terminal emulator

to giao din thng qua c th nhp lnh v xem kt qu. C nhiu chng trnh c kh
nng thc hin vic ny nh: Hyperterminal hay Secure CRT. y, chng ta dng chng
trnh Hyperterminal kt ni vi thit b. chy Hyper Terminal, ta chn
Start>Programs>Accessories>Communications>Hyperterminal.
ca s mi, ta nhp tn ca kt ni, y l Thi nghiem truyen so lieu ri nhn OK:
Tip theo, chng trnh s yu cu chn loi kt ni, Connect using: ta chn COMx
(vi x l th t cng COM ph hp SV lin h GVHDTN ty chnh chnh xc):
23
Sau , chng trnh s yu cu nhp vo cc thng s ca kt ni, ta chn ln lt Bits per

second l 9600, Data bits l 8, Parity l None, Stop bits l 1, Flow control l None. Sau
chn OK, giao din chnh ca chng trnh s hin ra ngi dng c th nhp lnh.
Thit b Cisco c th c cu hnh theo 2 cch: cu hnh bng tp lnh (CLI: Command
Line Interface) v cu hnh thng qua web (web based). Trong bi ny ta ch lm quen vi
cu hnh bng tp lnh.
Trc tin, ta lm quen vi cc mode hot ng ca thit b Cisco:
_ Setup mode: nu thit b khng c cu hnh sn th khi khi ng CLI s vo setup mode.
Trc khi vo setup mode, ngi dng s gp mt thng bo nh sau: Continue with
configuration dialog? [yes/no]. Ngoi ra, setup mode cn c th c truy cp t mt s
mode khc m ta khng tm hiu y.
Trong setup mode ngi dng c cung cp mt giao din hi p trc tip nhm gip cu
hnh nhanh mt s chc nng c bn ca thit b. Tuy nhin, trong mode ny ngi dng ch
c th cu hnh ca thit b mc ht sc c bn nn y chng ta khng i su vo tm
hiu cu hnh mode ny. Sinh vin khi cu hnh thit b cho bi th nghim nh tr li no
cho thng bo Continue with configuration dialog? [yes/no]
_ User EXEC mode: cho php ngi dng xem cc thng tin ht sc c bn trng thi ca
thit b, mode ny khng cho php thay i cu hnh thit b. Sau khi qua Setup mode th
24
thit b s vo ngay User EXEC mode. Du nhc ca User mode c c trng bng du
>.
_ Privileged EXEC mode: cho php ngi dng c ton quyn truy cp cc chc nng ca
thit b, cho php xem cu hnh thit b v ton b trng thi ca h thng. Ngoi ra, mode
ny cn cho php truy cp vo Global configuration mode thay i cu hnh thit b. Du
nhc ca Privileged mode c c trng bng du #.
_ Global Configuration mode: mode ny khng cho php xem trng thi hay cu hnh h
thng, ch cho php thay i cu hnh h thng. Nhng thay i cu hnh mode ny s nh
hng n ton b thit b, vd: cu hnh tn thit b, password thay i cu hnh ca
mt thnh phn no ca thit b ta phi chuyn vo cc submode tng ng bng cc lnh
thch hp, vd: mun thay i a ch ca mt cng ca router, t Global configuration mode
ta phi chuyn vo submode interface. T Privileged EXEC mode mun chuyn sang Global
Configuration mode ta dng lnh configure terminal. Du nhc ca Global configuration
mode c c trng bng du (config)#.
Chuyn i gia cc mode: t User EXEC mode mun chuyn sang Privileged EXEC mode
ta dng lnh enable, mun chuyn li v User EXEC mode t Privileged EXEC mode ta
dng lnh disable. T Privileged EXEC mode mun chuyn vo Global configuration mode
ta dng lnh configure terminal, mun tr li Privileged EXEC mode ta dng lnh exit. T
mt submode bt k, mun tr v Global configuration mode ta dng lnh exit, mun thot
nhanh v Privileged EXEC mode ta dng t hp phm tt Ctrl-Z. Vic chuyn i gia cc
mode c tm tt theo bng sau:
disable
4. Mt s cu hnh mu c bn
_ Cu hnh tn thit b: trong mt h thng mng, mi thit b nht thit phi c t tn
d qun l, tn ca thit b c th phn nh v tr a l ni t thit b, vd: Saigon,
Hanoi hay c th phn nh vai tr ca thit b trong h thng mng,vd: BorderRouter,
AccessSwitch, DistributionSwitch Tn thit b c th hin du nhc di dng: <Tn
thit b> <du nhc ch mode hin hnh>, vd: Saigon> hay Hanoi(config)#
Tn thit b phi bt u bng k t, kt thc bng mt k t hoc mt s, di khng qu 63
k t, c php bao gm ch, s v du gch ni.
25
C php:
Router(config)# hostname Saigon
Saigon(config)#
Lu : lnh ny dng Global configuration mode, sau khi g lnh th du nhc s lp
tc thay i phn tn thit b thnh tn mi.
_ Cu hnh cng LAN cho router ca Cisco: y chng ta s lm quen vi vic cu hnh
a ch IP cho mt cng LAN ca Router Cisco. T Global configure mode ta chn cng
mun cu hnh, cng LAN trn thit b Cisco c nh danh l cc interface loi ethernet:
Router(config)# interface <interface name> <slot/port>
Router(config-if)#
Sau khi chn cng lm vic, ta s vo submode cu hnh interface c c trng bng du
nhc (config-if)# ta cu hnh a ch cho cng ny v kch hot cho cng ny hot ng:
Router(config-if)# ip address <IP address> <subnetmask>
Router(config-if)# no shutdown
V d: Cu hnh a ch 10.1.1.1/8 cho interface fast Ethernet 0/0, ta thc hin nh sau:
Router(config)# interface GigabitEthernet 0/0
Router(config-if)# ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0
_ Cu hnh cng WAN cho router Cisco: cng WAN c nhiu loi, ty vo cng ngh khc
nhau m c tn khc nhau, vd: interface serial, interface BRI, interface ATM y chng
ta ch thc hin cu hnh cho cng Serial. Vic cu hnh cng tng t nh LAN interface,
tuy nhin, interface serial, cn c mt pha cp clock ng b cho ng truyn, c nh
ngha l thit b DCE, pha kia s ng b theo clock ny gi l thit b DTE. Do , trn
thit b DCE cn phi c thm lnh ch nh clock cho ng truyn bng lnh clock rate
<clock rate>. bit thit b no l DCE, ta c th xem trn dy cp ni vi cng serial
hoc xem bng lnh show controllers
Router(config)# interface <interface name> <slot/subslot/port>
Router(config-if)# ip address <IP address> <subnetmask>
Router(config-if)# clock rate <clock rate> # ch dng trn DCE
V d: Cu hnh a ch 172.16.2.5/16 trn interface serial 0/0/0 (DCE):
Router(config)# interface serial 0/0/0
Router(config-if)# ip address 172.16.2.5 255.255.0.0
Router(config-if)# clock rate 64000
Xem li cu hnh thit b: khi ang Global Configuration Mode, ta tr v Privileged

EXEC Mode bng t hp phm CTRL + Z v dng lnh show running-config xem li
cu hnh thit b.
26
Phn 2: Cu hi chun b
Cu 1: mi card mng ta u c mt a ch vt l (MAC address) duy nht, ti sao ta li

cn thm a ch IP lp 3?
Cu 2: Hy cho bit chc nng ca a ch 0.0.0.0/8 v a ch 127.0.0.0/8?
Cu 3: Hy cho bit chc nng ca a ch IPv4 lp D v E?
Cu 4: Hy phn bit a ch IPv4 Private v Public?
Cu 5: Hy trnh by v line-code ca ng truyn Ethernet?
Cu 6: Hy cho bit phi dng loi cp no kt ni cc thit b sau (cng LAN): Router-
Router, PC-PC, Switch-Switch, Router-Switch, PC-Switch, PC-Router?
Cu 7: Cho bit ngh ca k hiu /24, /16, /8 trong cch vit a ch IP ca mt thit b.
Subnet mask l g ? Cho bit chc nng & cc cch biu din ca subnet mask.
27
Phn 3: Th nghim
Ngy th nghim:.
Nhm: .....
1/..
2/..
3/..
4/..
1. Xy dng mng Peer-to-peer
M hnh th nghim: Sinh vin dng loi dy thch hp va bm bc trc kt ni 2 my

tnh.
kt ni PC v PC ta cn dng loi cp no?...........................................................................
Gn a ch cho my A v my B theo bng sau:

My A My B
a ch IP 192.168.1.10 192.168.1.11
Subnetmask 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.0
Hy cho bit phn network v host ca my A v my B?

My A My B
Phn network
Phn host
Ti sao phn network ca my A v my B ging nhau?
28
....
Ti sao phn host ca my A v my B khc nhau?
T PC A thc hin lnh ping 192.168.1.11 command prompt ca Windows, kt qu ping?

....................................................................................................................................................
T PC B thc hin lnh ping 192.168.1.10 command prompt ca Windows, kt qu ping?

....................................................................................................................................................
2. Xy dng mng Switch based
M hnh kt ni: sinh vin dng loi dy thch hp bm bc trc kt ni
kt ni PC v Switch ta cn dng loi cp no?....................................................................
So vi m hnh Peer-to-Peer th m hnh Switch based c u im v khuyt im g?
29
....
Vn dng a ch IP bc trc, sinh vin thc hin lnh ping t PC A n PC B v ngc

li:
T PC A thc hin lnh ping 192.168.1.11 command prompt ca Windows, kt qu
ping?..................................................................................................
T PC B thc hin lnh ping 192.168.1.10 command prompt ca Windows, kt qu
ping?..................................................................................................
3. Cu hnh c bn trn Router Cisco, xy dng mng router based
M hnh kt ni: Sinh vin dng loi dy thch hp bm bc trc thc hin ht
ni theo m hnh sau:
Hy cho bit loi dy ca tng kt ni?
Fast Ethernet 0/0 A

A
Saigon 192.168.1.1/24
Fast
192.168.2.1/24 192.168.1.2/24
Ethernet 0/1
192.168.2.2/24
Sinh vin thc hin cu hnh tn router v a ch IP cho router v cc PC nh hnh v,

PC A v B ly default gateway l a ch ca cng trn router kt ni vi n.
30
Hy cho bit cc lnh thc hin cu hnh ny:

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Hy cho bit phn network v host ca my A my B v ca cc cng router?
Fast Fast
My A My B
Ethernet 0/0 Ethernet 0/0
Phn network
Phn host
Sinh vin thc hin lnh ping t PC A n PC B v ngc li:

T PC A thc hin lnh ping 192.168.2.2 command prompt ca Windows, kt qu ping?
.....................................................................................................................................................
T PC B thc hin lnh ping 192.168.1.2 command prompt ca Windows, kt qu ping?
.....................................................................................................................................................
So vi m hnh Switch based th m hnh Router based c u im v khuyt im g?

.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................................
31
Bi 3: PHN TCH CC PROTOCOL THNG DNG

CA TCP/IP
Mc tiu th nghim:
o Gip sinh vin lm quen vi cc giao thc thng dng ca TCP/IP:
ARP.
ICMP.
TELNET.
Phn tch qu trnh thit lp v kt thc mt kt ni TCP.
o Thc hnh phn tch protocol bng chng trnh Wireshark.
Ni dung th nghim:
o Phn tch cc giao thc ARP, DHCP, ICMP, TELNET.
o Tm hiu v qu trnh thit lp v gi ta mt kt ni TCP.
Thit b th nghim:
o 2 my tnh c card mng c ci h iu hnh WINXP, chng trnh TFTPD32,
chng trnh Wireshark.
o 1 on dy cp mng (cp cho).
32
Phn 1: C s l thuyt
1. ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

cc my c th trao i d liu c vi nhau th pha gi phi bit c thng tin v a
ch IP v a ch MAC ca my nhn. Trong khi a ch IP c th c c thng qua mt s
phng php nh DNS hay h thng tn thit b (devices name) th a ch MAC gn nh l
cha c bit trc. TCP/IPnh ngha mt giao thc thc hin vic tm a ch MAC
vi a ch IP bit, l ARP. Ni cch khc ARP cho php nh x mt a ch IP vi mt
a ch MAC tng ng, thng tin ny sau c lu vo trong mt c s d liu l bng
ARP (lu trong RAM) dng sau ny. Ta c th xem bng ARP h iu hnh Windows
bng lnh arp a du nhc DOS:
Hot ng ca ARP c th c tm tt nh sau: khi mt my A mun gi d liu n my

B ( bit a ch IP), n s tra a ch IP ny trong bng ARP tm a ch MAC. Nu
trong bng ARP cha c a ch ny th my gi s thc hin gi mt gi ARP request vi
a ch IP ngun v ch tng ng l ca my A v B, a ch MAC ngun l ca my A,
a ch MAC ch l a ch qung b (ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff). Do a ch MAC ch l a ch qung
b nn tt c thit b mng trn phn mng s nhn gi ARP request ny, cc my m gi
v kim tra a ch IP ch, my B kim tra thy a ch IP ch chnh l a ch IP ca n, gi
ARP request yu cu a ch MAC ca my B, do my B s tr li yu cu ny bng mt
gi ARP reply; tt c cc my khc c a ch IP khng ging vi a ch IP ch trong gi
ARP request s hy gi. Trc khi gi gi ARP reply, my nhn s trch a ch IP v MAC
ngun trong gi ARP request v lu vo bng ARP. Gi ARP reply c a ch IP v MAC
ngun v ch tng ng ca my B v A, trong phn d liu ca gi ARP reply bao gm a
ch IP v MAC ca c my A v B.
33
Trn y ch trnh by qu trnh ARP gia hai my trong cng mt phn mng, sinh vin t
tm hiu qu trnh ARP gia cc my nm cc mng khc nhau, proxy ARP, gratuitous
ARP v trnh by trong phn chun b.
2. ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol)

Trong m hnh TCP/IP th IP cung cp phng php truyn khng ng tin cy, khng kt
ni (connectionless), n c thit k tn dng ti a ti nguyn mng. Tuy nhin, IP
khng c c ch bo li hay sa li, nh vy, chuyn g s xy ra nu nh c s c, chng
hn router loi b gi khi n khng tm thy ng n ch? ICMP c thit k hon tt
2 nhim v: bo li v query.
phc v nhim v ny, ICMP c 2 loi gi: gi bo li v gi query, mi loi c nhiu
thng ip mang ngha khc nhau:
Loi gi M thng ip Thng ip

Bo li 3 Destination unreachable
4 Source quence
11 Time exceeded
12 Parameter problem
5 Redirection
Query 8 hay 0 Echo request or reply
34
13 hay 14 Timestamp request or reply

17 hay 18 Address mask request or reply
10 hay 9 Router solicitation or advertisement
Trong phm vi bi th nghim ny ta ch xt n cc thng ip echo request v reply ca

ICMP m thi. Thng ip echo request v reply c thit kt cho mc ch pht hin v
chun on li. Hot ng ca cp thng ip ny ht sc n gin: ngi dng hoc ngi
qun tr gi mt thng ip echo request t mt h thng, h thng nhn c thng ip
echo request s gi phc p bng mt thng ip echo reply cho h thng gi. Cp thng
ip ny c th cho bit hai h thng c th lin lc c vi nhau lp 3 hay khng, ng
thi cng cho bit cc thit b trung gian (router, switch) nhn, x l v chuyn c
thng ip IP. Nu v mt l do no m my ch khng nhn c thng ip echo
request th ti thit b cui cng nhn c thng ip echo request s phc p bng mt
thng ip li cho bit li l g.
ICMP echo
request
A B
ICMP echo
reply
3. Qu trnh thit lp v gii ta mt kt ni TCP

TCP l mt giao thc lp 4, c chc nng m bo s chuyn vn ng tin cy ca d liu
qua mi trng mng, ngoi ra, TCP cn c thit k vi c chc nng kim sot lung v
kim sot li. Chi tit v TCP c cp nhiu trong cc gio trnh truyn s liu v h
thng vin thng, y ch tm tt qu trnh thit lp v gii ta mt kt ni TCP.
_ Qu trnh thit lp mt kt ni TCP: cn c gi l qu trnh bt tay ba chiu (three-

way-handshake), c tin hnh trc khi d liu c th c huyn gia cc thit b nhm
ng b cc thng s ca kt ni. Qu trnh ny bao gm ba bc nh sau:
Bc 1: client khi to kt ni vi server bng cch gi mt gi TCP vi c SYN c
bt, thng bo cho server bit s th t x ca gi nhm ng b v thng s vi server.
Bc 2: server nhn c gi ny lu li s th t x, v tr li bng mt gi c th t
x+1, trong cha s th t y ca n vi c SYN v ACK c bt. Vic tr li bng
gi c s th t l x+1 nhm mc ch thng bo cho client bit c my nhn nhn
c tt c d liu cho n s th t l x v mong ch gi c s th t l x+1.
Bc 3: sau khi nhn c gi ny, client phc p bng mt gi TCP c c ACK c
bt v c s th t l y+1. Sau bc ny th d liu c th c chuyn gia client v
server
35
A B
_ Qu trnh gii ta mt kt ni TCP: Qu trnh gii ta mt kt ni TCP bao gm bn bc

(four-way handshake) c tm tt nh sau:
Bc 1: client khi mun kt thc kt ni s gi mt gi TCP vi c FIN c bt nhm
thng bo cho server vic gii ta kt ni.
Bc 2: server tr li client bng mt gi TCP c c ACK c bt nhm xc nhn
nhn c gi trc ca client.
Bc 3: server gi tip mt gi c c FIN c bt nhm thng bo cho client bit vic
gii ta kt ni.
Bc 4: client tr li server bng mt gi c c ACK c bt xc nhn nhn c
gi FIN ca server, sau gi ny, c client v server u gii ta kt ni.
A B
Segment 1: FIN
(seq:2500, ack:7000)
Segment 2: ACK
(seq:7001, ack:2501)
Segment 3: FIN
(seq:7002, ack:2501)
Segment 4: ACK
(seq:2501, ack:7003)
36
4. Dng chng trnh Wireshark phn tch giao thc mng

Wireshake l mt chng trnh gip phn tch giao thc mng, c cung cp min ph ti
a ch http://www.wireshark.org/
Sau khi ci t, chy chng trnh Wireshark, giao din chng trnh nh sau:
bt u bt gi phn tch, t menu Capture, chn Interfaces
Ca s mi hin ra cho php chn cng bt u bt gi, ta chn card mng ang chy ca
my ri bm nt start bt u bt gi:
Sau khi bt gi xong, ta dng qu trnh bt gi bng cch t menu Capture chn Stop,
giao din chng trnh sau khi bt gi nh sau:
37
Giao din chng trnh gm c 3 phn:

Phn trn cng cho ngi dng thy thng tin tm tt ca cc gi bt c theo th t
thi gian.
Khi ta chon vo mt gi phn trn, phn gia gip ngi dng phn tch ton b thng
tin chi tit ca gi hin ti, bao gm tt c thng tin ng gi cc lp v thng tin v
cc trng trong header mi lp.
Phn th ba cho bit gi tr ca cc trng ca gi hin ti di dng s hex v m
ASCII.
5. S dng chng trnh TFTPD32 lm DHCP server

Chng trnh TFTPD32 l mt phn mm cho php dng TFTP server, TFTP client, DHCP
server v Syslog server. TFTPD32 c cung cp min ph ti a ch
http://tftpd32.jounin.net/
Trong bi ny ta ch s dng TFTPD32 dng DHCP server. Sau khi ci t, khi ng
chng trnh, giao din chnh ca chng trnh nh sau:
38
Trong mc Settings, ta chn tab DHCP server. ngha ca cc trng ch yu nh sau:

IP pool starting address: a ch IP bt u cp pht cho cc client trong mng.
Size of pool: s lng a ch IP cung cp cho cc my.
WINS/DNS server: a ch ca WINS hay DNS server cung cp cho client.
Default router: a ch ca default gateway.
Mask: subnetmask cung cp cho client.
Sau khi in cc thng s, ta bm nt save kch hot cho DHCP server lm vic.
Phn 2: Cu hi chun b
Cu 1: Hy trnh by qu trnh ng gi (encapsulation) v g gi (de-encapsulation) ca d

liu khi gi qua mng.
Cu 2: Hy so snh cc phng thc truyn unicast, broadcast v multicast.
Cu 3: Hy trnh by cc trng trong khung Ethernet, gi IP v TCP.
Cu 4: Hy so snh gia TCP v UDP.
Cu 5: Trnh by chc nng, nguyn tc hot ng ca ARP.
Cu 6: Cho bit chc nng v cu trc gi tin ICMP.
Cu 7: Telnet l g ? Cho bit cc bc khi thc hin telnet. Ngy nay, telnet c dng
trong cc ng dng no ?
39
Phn 3: Th nghim
Ngy th nghim:.
Nhm: .....
1/..
2/..
3/..
4/..
1. Dng Wireshark phn tch qu trnh ARP v ICMP
M hnh kt ni: kt ni hai my, gn IP cho hai my nh m hnh sau:
A B
192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.2/24
Chy chng trnh Wireshark, bt u cho bt gi trn c hai my.

T du nhc DOS xa bng ARP ca c hai my bng lnh arp d, kim tra li rng bng
ARP ca hai my l trng bng lnh arp a.
Thc hin ping t my A n my B bng cch t du nhc DOS ca my A g lnh ping
192.168.1.2. Qu trnh ping c thnh cng khng?.......................... (Nu qu trnh ping khng
thnh cng, sinh vin lin h vi gio vin ng lp nh gip ).
Sau khi thc hin xong ln ping, dng qu trnh bt gi trn c hai my.
Xem bng ARP trn c hai my bng lnh arp a ti du nhc DOS. Ghi li bng ARP ca
hai my:
Xem a ch MAC v a ch IP ca hai my bng lnh ipconfig /all ti du nhc DOS. Nhn
xt v s tng quan gia bng ARP v a ch ca cc my.
40
Phn tch gi ARP request v ARP reply, in vo bng sau:

Gi ARP request:
Layer 2 Dest address _________________ Layer 2 Src Address _________________
Layer 2 code for encapsulated data ____________________________________________
Hardware Type _____________________ Layer 3 Protocol Type _______________
Hardware Addr Length _______________ Layer 3 Addr Length ________________
Arp Operation Code and Name ______________ ________________________________
Sender Hardware address ____________________________________________________
Sender IP address ______________. _____________. ______________. ______________
Target Hardware Address ____________________________________________________
Target IP Address ______________. _____________. ______________. ______________
Gi ARP reply:
Layer 2 Dest address _________________ Layer 2 Src Address __________________
Layer 2 code for encapsulated data _____________________________________________
Hardware Type ______________________ Layer 3 Protocol Type ________________
Hardware Addr Length ________________ Layer 3 Addr Length _________________
Arp Operation Code and Name __________________ ______________________________
Sender Hardware address _____________________________________________________
Sender IP address ______________. ______________. ______________. _____________
Target Hardware Address ____________________________________________________
Target IP Address ______________. ______________. ______________. _____________
Phn tch qu trnh gi v nhn gi gia hai my thng qua cc gi bt c.
Phn tch cc trng lp 2 v lp 3 ca gi ICMP echo request v ICMP echo reply. D liu
trong gi ICMP echo request v reply l g? C ging nhau hay khng? Mc ch ca d liu
ny l g?
41
2. Phn tch qu trnh thit lp v kt thc mt kt ni TCP

M hnh kt ni: thc hin m hnh kt ni sau
Telnet server Telnet client
A B
192.168.1.1/24 192.168.1.2/24
Trn my A, kch hot chc nng Telnet: chn Start>Run, trong ca s mi g vo lnh
services.msc ri nhn Ok. Trong ca s mi hin ra, click phi vo dng Telnet, chn
Properties, tab General, chn Startup type l Manual, ri bm vo nt Start. Ch cho
qu trnh kch hot telnet thnh cng.
Chy chng trnh Wireshark, bt u cho bt gi trn c hai my.
T my B, thc hin telnet ti my A bng cch du nhc DOS, dng lnh telnet
192.168.1.1.
Sau khi telnet thnh cng, g mt lnh DOS bt k du nhc trong ca s telnet (sinh vin
c th dng lnh help). Sau , thot khi kt ni telnet bng lnh exit. Dng qu trnh bt
gi.
Chn vo mt gi ca kt ni telnet, chn menu Statistics>Flow graph, trong ga s mi

hin ra, sa phn Choose flow type thnh TCP type. Tr li cc cu hi sau: (sinh vin c
th dng cc thng tin chi tit v cc trng ca cc gi trong giao din chnh ca chng
trnh tr li)
Da vo cc gi Wireshark bt c, phn tch qu trnh thit lp kt ni ca mt kt ni
TCP ( y l telnet):
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
Da vo cc gi Wireshark bt c, phn tch qu trnh gi d liu ca mt kt ni TCP (

y l telnet):
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
42
Da vo cc gi Wireshark bt c, phn tch qu trnh gii ta kt ni ca mt kt ni TCP

( y l telnet):
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
Chn vo mt gi ca kt ni telnet, chn menu Analyze>Follow TCP stream, Follow TCP

stream l chc nng ca Wireshark, dng li thng tin trao i ca kt ni TCP da vo d
liu nhn c trong cc gi.
Hy nhn xt v thng tin nhn c t vic dng li kt ni telnet va thc hin vi thng
tin nhn c t kt ni tht.
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
Rt ra kt lun v hot ng chuyn d liu ca telnet, ti sao telnet c gi l mt teminal

emulator?
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
43
Bi 4: SI QUANG
Mc tiu th nghim:
o Gip sinh vin lm quen vi si cp quang.
o Thc hnh quan st tn hiu khi truyn dn bng si quang.
Ni dung th nghim:
o Quan st cc loi m NRZ / BIPHASE / MANCHESTER.
o o tr ng truyn khi thay i chiu di si quang.
Thit b th nghim :
o Kit DL 2570
o 1 Oscilloscope
o 1 b ngun DC
o 1 b ngun cp sng SIN
44
Phn 1 : Gii thiu
Kit DL 2570 bao gm nhng MODULE th nghim sau :

S dng si quang nh l phng tin truyn dn thng tin.
S dng nh sng cho vic m ha v truyn thng tin.
Tm hiu v lm quen nhng tnh cht ca thit b thu/pht bc x quang.
Thc hin kt ni F.O cho vic truyn dn k thut s.
Thc hin kt ni F.O cho vic truyn dn tng t.
Lm quen vi cc m khc nhau c s dng cho vic m ha v truyn dn tn hiu
s.
Cc MODULE th nghim gm:

LED diode pht quang 660nm.
PIN diode thu quang vi khuch i tr khng truyn t.
Transmitter k thut s vi ON/OFF cho b truyn quang.
Digital receiver/regenerator ca d liu TTL.
Analog transmitter cho php iu khin dng BIAS ca b optotransmitter.
Analog receiver cho php iu khin li b thu.
2 si quang vi chiu di khc nhau: 50cm v 5m.
Bi th nghim dng Kit DL 2570 vi ngun n nh +15V v -15V v nhng thit b sau:
Oscilloscope 40Mhz.
Ngun sng vung ti thiu 20Mc/s.
Ngun sng sin ti thiu 50Mhz.
45
Phn tch l thuyt tng qut h thng truyn dn quang

1. Tng quan
Trong h thng thng tin trn cc si quang hc, thng tin c truyn bi trung bnh cc
xung tia sng iu ch m c li vo cc si quang hc nh nh si tc. T s mong ch
u tin, nm 1966, da trn kh nng s dng cc si quang trong lnh vc vin thng (Kao
v Hockham), c si quang nhanh chng tr thnh ngha vt l a thch trong cc ng dng
truyn dn.
Nhng ng dng ny i t vic thc hin nhng mng phn b trao i s liu trong cc
ta nh, cho ti cc h thng truyn tin quc t tu ngm.
Cng ngh truyn dn quang ang pht trin nhanh chng. Nm 1970 si quang tn hao
thp u tin c gii thiu, ph hp cho vin thng (Kapron).
Mt tn hiu qua mt qung di mt kilomet trong si ny s b suy yu, suy gim khong
99% tn hiu gc. Ngy nay cc si c sn xut sao cho suy yu t hn 4,5% mi
kilomet.
Nhng tia laser bn dn u tin dnh cho h thng thng tin si quang c gii thiu
nm 1970 (Panish). Thi gian sng trung bnh (thi gian trung bnh trc khi li MTBF) ch
2 gi.
Cha ti mi nm, cng ngh laser bn dn cho php sn xut, mt s laser c sn
vi MTBF cao hn mt triu gi (hn mt trm nm) trong mi trng kim sot nhit
(Hartman 1977). Thi gian gia kt qu th nghim u tin v sn xut trn kch c cng
nghip vi cng c tnh l chng 5 nm.
Nm 1979 v 1980, h thng truyn quang u tin tc 45 Mbit/s, vi bc lp t 5
ti 10 kilomet. H thng truyn xa c vn tc t 400 ti 600 Mbit/s vi bc lp 40 kilomet.
Trong mt s h thng th nghim, tc c th t c ti 4Gbit/s trn mt khong
cch 117 kilomet si quang.
Bn cnh vic tng klha3 nng truyn dn v bc lp (quan trng cho truyn dn
khong cch xa), c mt tin trnh to ln trong vic tch hp chc nng quang v in t
(integrated optoelectronics), v trong kh nng x l tn hiu d quang (quang tch hp).
Gc nhn th hai m bo chc nng cn thit v gi r ca thit b u cui, iu ny l
u th c trng trong ng dng truyn ngn.
u im chnh ca truyn dn tn s quang l c th m rng bng tn cho php kh
nng truyn dn ln. V d, chiu di song 7.5 107 mete ti tn s 4 1014 Hz. V vy
rng bng tn bng 10% tn s trung tm 4x10 Hz. Bng ny c th to mi triu knh tivi
4Mhz, hoc 10 t knh in thoi 4kHz.
u im khc c th nhn thy l gim cc kch thc. Cc chm tia phat quan cc mng
c th to ra nhng ngun sng rt nh.
46
Cc si quang c ng knh nh hn nhiu v chng suy gim t hn cht dn kim loi.

Bn cnh nng lng hon ton gii hn trong si: khng c crosstalk v khng nhiu tch
ly. Ch c mt bt li c bn ca truyn thng trn song mang quang l nng lng lng t
tn s quang cao.
iu nay bao gm nng lng nhn c, yu cu cho mi bit thng tin, ln hn trong h
thng vi song nhiu thp. Bn cnh , ngun ca h thng si quang c gii hn vi
miliwatt.
V vy h thng khai thc song mang quang b gii hn cng sut, nhng bng tn th
nhiu hn. Trong trng hp cc k thut iu ch bng ln c dng trong trao i chim
dng bng tn xem xt, nng lng c s dng hiu qu.
Tn hiu tng t PCM (Pulse Code Modulation) th ph hp thc hin vic trao i
ny. Cc si c kch thch mt xu hng tng theo s lng ca tt c loi tn hiu.
2. Thit b quang cho my pht

Vic xy dng cc thit b quang hc u cui ( pht v thu ) nhn mnh vic s dng
cc k thut phc tp v khng hon ton hp nht.
Cc thit b quang hc u cui cn phi c thc hin theo cch m tia sng bc x
c pht ra tp trung mt cch chnh xc trn nhng chiu di sng ring bit m si
cp quang trnh by cc gi tr suy hao ti thiu.
Nhng chiu di sng ring bit c gi l WINDOWS
Tht ra h si cp quang s dng 3 Windonws chnh:
Window th 1 : dnh cho tia sng bc x c chiu di bc sng tng ng 950nm.
Nhiu h thng vin thng cp quang tht s hot ng vi window ny bi v h thng v
s tin cy ca cc thnh phn c pht trin v th nghim rng ri.
Window th 2 : dnh cho tia sng bc x c chiu di bc sng tng ng 13000nm. S
sn xut ca cc thnh phn quang in t m hot ng vi windown ny hn ch hn so
vi window u.
Window th 3 : cho tia sng bc x c chiu di bc sng tng ng 1500nm. Nhng
thnh phn quang in t hot ng vi window ny c s dng thc tin trong nhng ng
dng c bit ( i vi nhng h thng vin thng cng sut ln v h thng qun i )
Trong vi trng hp bo co hiu lc vic sn xut cc si cp quang dn u theo nh
mt phn ca thnh phn quang in t bi v nhng thit b to ra cc ngun sng lun lun
l yu t quan trng nht ca h thng si quang.
thc hin khp ni tt gia ngun sng v si quang, nhng k thut xy dng c
bit c ph bin :
Khu vc pht phi nh v thp hn so vi li si quang.
47
Phn c kh cha ng ca ngun sng phi c thc hin vi vt liu cho php vic
khp ni hon ho, gim ti thiu s mt mt pht sng.
ng dng ca khi cu vi thu knh m hi t s pht ra ngun sng trn si quang.
Nhng thng s chnh nhn din ngun quang:

S pht sng
Bng thng
Cng sut ng ra
Tn tht lp ghp
Nhng thnh phn khuch tn pht quang cho F.O :

LED diodes
PIN diodes
LASER diodes
3. Cc thnh phn quang hc v mch cho nhng b thu

B thu quang c chc nng chuyn i tn hiu in t c soi sng t ngun sng ca trm
truyn v truyn i trong si quang.
Tn hiu in t c pht bi b d sng sau c khuch i bi mch in t c th
ph hp vi tn hiu vi nhng mch cho vic x l thng tin.
C nhng dng khc nhau ca b tch sng, nh l photodiode v phototransistor.
Tht ra, photodiode l cc thit b quang in t c th hin tnh cht ph hp hn cho s
dng trong h thng F.O.
Nhng Photodiode c s dng trong thc t :
PIN diode : Pin diode c hp thnh bi s ni lin ca PN ni m c 2 phn khc
nhau, mt bn mng cht bn dn tinh khit c t vo gia. i vi nhng tn hiu
tn s thp, PIN diode hot ng nh l mt diode chnh lu bnh thng. Trong vi
trng hp thc t mch hot ng tn s cao, cao hn 1Mhz, PIN diode hot ng nh
mt in tr thay i c. Mt cch chnh xc, tn s cao, in tr ca PIN diode t l
ngch vi dng chy qua n.
APD diode : (Avalanche Photo Detector ) Thit b tng t PIN diode vi 1 s khc bit
duy nht l s cn thit cung cp in p cao hn rt nhiu ti APD diode ( cao hn gp
10 ln: 100-200V). Trong cch ny, nh c s hin din tim nng in t rt mnh,
electrical charges, electrons v holes, to ra bi chm sng lin quan, t c ngun
nng lng ln lao.
48
Chc nng v tnh cht ca mi khi :

Pseudo casual digital signal generator :
Thit b pht ny hot ng da vo vic c theo chu k ca th nh EPROM ni m
chui k t 0 v 1 c ghi nh. Chui ny c lp li c th hin th hnh nh n
nh trn oscilloscope.
Tn hiu ph hp ti Trigger to ra khung hnh ti thi im bt u ph hp, cn thit
ng b thit b.
Optotransmitter :
y l vn ca diode hunh quang in khi pht ra nh sng 660nm ( ). Thuc
tnh in V/I ca diode ny tng t LED ph bin, vi in p ngng khong 1.4V.
Thuc tnh V/I duy nht tuyn tnh trong khng trung xa t cong ban u, cao
cho dng dch chuyn. y s l ch ca cc bi th nghim.
Diode pht c s dng trong nhiu cch theo nh tn hiu c truyn l digital hay
analog.
Optoreceiver
B thu ca tn hiu quang bao gm mt diode PIN cp vi b khuch i tr khng v lp
t cng mt hp.
Kch c nh ca mch thu v vic lp t tip xc vi diode m bo cho thit b ny
hiu sut chng nhiu, tnh tuyn tnh, tn s ct trn tt hn trong mch m thc hin
vi cc thnh phn ri rc v k thut c.
Ti liu bao gm ghi ch v thng tin v cc v d mch thu ca cc li ch c th.
Phi nh rng cht lng ca h thng truyn F.O. ph thuc phn ln vo cht lng
mch u cui, m b thu l phc tp nht.
B pht s
Nh ni, trong trng hp b pht s, diode pht c li gia chuyn mch trong
in kin v im ct tng ng mc 0 v mc 1 c truyn.
Vn chnh trong s dng diode cho F.O. bao gm tr khng thp v s chm bn trong
ca hin tng chuyn t nng lng thnh photon.
Phn hin nhin ca iu ny l khng suy gim tc th ca sng khi dng cung cp
hon tt, m gii hn tc ln nht ca truyn d liu.
Mch s dng trong b pht s ch trong hnh 12 dng n gin. N l vn mch v
cng ln trong thc t.
Diode c cp dng im s dng tt nht. Mt transistor, dng nh chuyn mch,
ngn mch diode theo cc mc cao ng vo.
Mch rt n gin th rt hiu qu: trong chuyn mch t on sang off, tr khng bn
trong rt thp nhanh chng x lng in lu tr trong diode (ci sau xut hin tng
ng t in).
Trong chuyn mch t off sang on, b to dng chuyn dng phn cc, khng cn thay
i trng thi lm hot ng chm hn.
49
Ngay c t cm ca kt ni, thng khng mong mun, ng vai tr hu ch trong lc

u sau khi chuyn mch, cho php phun nhanh chng vo diode ca dng m trc khi
qua transistor.
B nhn s
B nhn s tip nhn tn hiu u RX-DTAT OUT ca optoreceiver v truyn nhng
tn hiu ny vo cc tn hiu c dng TTL.
Mch ny bao gm mt b khuch i v mt b xc nh ngng ti to cc tn hiu
cc mc logic tiu chun.
B xc nh ngng khng hot ng ng nu cc tn hiu bi optoreceiver suy gim
nhiu hoc cc tn hiu gy ra bi bn truyn h thng F.O.m khng phi tn hiu s
cc mc TTL.
Cng lu cho cc trng hp khn cp xy dng (amplifier autobias), mc ni b pht
s vi ngun (optoreceiver) qua mt t in.
Vic truyn cc tn hiu tn s rt thp, v d b hn 500 Hz, s khng hot ng ng.
B truyn tng t
Mch ny c cu trc nh hnh 13. V c bn , c mt vn vi b khuch i ni m
diode pht ni vi cc thu ca transistor T2.
V vy T2 hot ng nh ngun pht dng, gi tr ca n c chnh bng phn th P2 t
0 ti 40 mA.
Tn hiu truyn c t trn T2, v vy n iu chnh dng phn cc ca diode pht.
Cng ca chm sng pht v vy c iu chnh.
B nhn tng t
Mch ny c cho bi hnh 14. Vn khuch i vi sai m li thay i nhng
bc bng switch m ni mt s in tr ca mch pht ca transistor T4. Ch l T4 c
im hot ng m c th sp t vi phn th (P4).
iu chnh ny c mc ch b phn dung sai ca phn cn li ca h thng v khng th
s dng nu khng g b lp bao ph trong.
Phn 2 : Cu hi chun b
Cu 1: Cho chui bit 1101000100111101. V cc tn hiu NRZ (polar), NZ (polar &

unipolar), Manchester, Biphase. u, khuyt im ca m ha Manchester so vi NRZ, RZ?
Cu 2: Tm hiu v trnh by cc kiu iu ch biphase trong thc t.
Cu 3: Oscilloscope l g ? Chc nng, nguyn tc hot ng. Trnh by cu to chung v
quy trnh s dng oscilloscope.
Cu 4: Cho bit cc ng dng thc t ca cp quang. So snh u khuyt im ca cp quang
& cp ng.
Cu 5: Tm hiu & cho bit cc yu cu k thut, cc thao tc cn thit/ quy trnh m bo an
ton khi s dng cp quang
50
Phn 3 : Tin hnh th nghim
Ch : sinh vin kim tra tht k cc dy ni ngun trc khi bt ngun. Nu xy ra
tnh trng h hng cc thit b th nghim do li sinh vin, ton b nhm th nghim s
khng c tip tc hc th nghim na.
Ngy th nghim:.
Nhm: .....
1/..
2/..
3/..
4/..
1. B to tn hiu s
Hnh 1
51
Hnh 1 cho thy kt ni thc hnh th nghim:

Ba u cp ngun (+15,0,-15) ni vi cp ngun.
Osciloscope u d 1 ca knh 1 ni TLL DATA v ca knh 2 ni ng ra th ba ca b
pht (NRZ/ BIPHASE/MANCHESTER).
Chnh kho chn xung clock ti b pht ni. Osciloscope, cng mt lc quan st tn hiu
TTL v ng ra ca b pht chn bi switch NRZ/ BIPHASE/MANCHESTER xut hin.
C th iu chnh v thc hnh cc lut coding ca cc tn hiu ny nh sau:
NRZ code (Non-Return to Zero):
Chui bit ca TTL DATA l: .
Quan st tn hiu TTL v tn hiu c iu ch NRZ
BIPHASE code:
Quan st tn hiu TTL v tn hiu c iu ch BIPHASE
52
MANCHESTER code:
Quan st tn hiu TTL v tn hiu c iu ch MANCHESTER
2. Qu trnh truyn tn hiu s
Hnh 2
Hnh 2 cho thy nhng kt ni c thc hin:

Ba u cp (+15,0,-15) ni vi cp ngun.
B to tn hiu s kt ni ng vo pht b pht s.
Ng ra tn hiu s kt ni ng vo optotranmitter.
53
Optotranmitter v optoreceiver kt ni bng si quang.

Ng ra Optoreceiver ni vo ng vo ca b nhn s.
Oscilloscope ni vi knh 1 trn tn hiu ng vo ti b pht v knh 2 vo ng ra ca
b nhn. Lm cch ny s hin th cng lc tn nhn truyn nhn.
Thay i tn s ca CLOCK FREQUENCY tn s MAX v MIN. o tr ca ng
truyn.
Tn s MAX: Tn s MIN:
50 cm
5m
Kt lun:
3. Qu trnh truyn tn hiu tng t
Hnh 3
54
Hnh 3 ch kt ni c thc hin:

Ba u cp (+15,0,-15) ni vi cp ngun.
B to tn hiu sin ni vi ng vo pht b pht tng t.
Ng ra tn hiu tng t kt ni ng vo optotranmitter.
Optotranmitter v optoreceiver kt ni bng si quang.
Ng ra Optoreceiver ni vo ng vo ca b nhn tng t.
Oscilloscope, ni vi knh 1 trn tn hiu ng vo ti b pht v knh 2 vo ng ra ca
b nhn.
Chnh b pht sng sin 0.5 Vpp v 100KHz KHz. t in th k iu khin dng phn cc
diode cc pht ti 25% v nm chn li b thu ti v tr theo chiu kim hon ton ( li
nh nht).
Tng dn ln tn hiu ng vo cho ti khi tn hiu ng ra b xn (trn hoc di). Sau

iu chnh nm iu khin phn cc pht cho ti khi tn hiu ra t c hnh SIN tr li.
iu chnh tn hiu vo cc i (2Vpp) v xoay nm iu khin phn cc sao cho tn hiu ng

ra hnh SIN. Sau gi nguyn v tr ny, iu khin nm GAIN CONTROL ca b thu.
Tng GAIN t v tr 1 ti 5, ti mi v tr, gim tn hiu ng v v iu chnh nm phn cc
tn hiu ra hnh SIN.
Ghi li bin tn hiu vo vo ti mi v tr GAIN:
Thay i tn hiu vo ln lt: 100KHz, 500 KHz, 1Mhz, 5 MHz, 10 MHz, 20 MHz.
vi mi tn s, thc hin truyn tn hiu vi 2 loi Cable: 5cm v 50cm.
Vi mi tn s, thc hin vic thay i GAIN tm hiu s thay i GAIN nh
hng nh th no ti tr ca tn hiu ng vo ng ra
55
Bi 5: PHN TCH GIAO THC SDLC V HDLC
Mc tiu th nghim:
o Gip sinh vin lm quen vi giao thc SDLC v HDLC
o Tm hiu cu trc v hot ng ca cc giao thc ny
o Thc hnh m phng hot ng giao thc HDLC
o Thc hnh m phng c ch sa li dng cc frame REJ/ SREJ
Ni dung th nghim:
o M phng hot ng giao thc HDLC ch ABM
o M phng c ch sa li dng frame REJ trong giao thc HDLC
o M phng c ch sa li dng frame SREJ trong giao thc HDLC
Thit b th nghim:
o 1 Module DL TC72-MP
o 1 my tnh PC
o Cp USB
56
Phn 1: C s l thuyt
1. Giao thc SDLC/HDLC

SDLC (Synchronous Data Link Control) l mt giao thc lp 2 (Data Link) c pht trin
bi IBM trong nhng nm 1970, c s dng trong cc kt ni WAN trong mng c cu
trc SNA (IBM System Network Architecture).
Hnh v cho thy v tr ca cc kt ni SDLC trong mt mng SNA.
Giao thc SDLC l c s cho s pht trin ca mt s giao thc tng t trong l HDLC
(High-Level Data Link Control), c nh ngha bi ISO vo cui thp nin 70.
HDLC c thng qua bi ITU-T l giao thc lp 2 (Data Link) trong cc mng chuyn
mch gi X.25 v trong mng ISDN. Bn cnh n c sa i bi IEEE to ra
giao thc IEEE 802.2 (LLC - Logical Link Control) c s dng trong cc mng local.
Nhn chung, HDLC v SDLC l tng t vi nhau. Chng c chung cu trc d liu v phn
bit vi nhau bi mt s phng thc hot ng hay lnh vc s dng c th.
HDLC v SDLC c 3 phng thc kt ni:
Normal Response Mode (NRM): y l phng thc c s dng trong SDLC. Trong
NRM, trm th cp (secondary station) ch truyn khi n c yu cu bi trm s cp
(primary station)
Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM): secondary station c th bt u truyn vo bt c

lc no, m khng cn bt k s cho php t primary station
57
Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM): l in hnh ca cc kt ni point-to-point, bao gm

hai trm c chc nng kt hp ca primary station v secondary station. Bt k trm no
cng c th bt u truyn m khng khng cn s cho php t trm cn li.
Giao thc HDLC v SDLC c th c s dng c trong kt ni point-to-point v kt ni a

im. Cc trm kim sot thng lng d liu c gi l trm s cp (primary station), v
cc khung c gi t trm ny c gi l lnh (command). Tt c cc trm khc ca kt
ni c xem l trm th cp (secondary station), v cc khung c gi t n l phn hi
(respond). Trong phng thc ABM, cc trm c gi nh kt hp chc nng ca c hai
trm s cp v trm th cp.
2. Cu trc frame ca giao thc HDLC

Trong giao thc HDLC, d liu gi i c nhm li trong cc n v d liu c gi l
khung (frame), cc frame ngn cch vi nhau nh cc bit (FLAG) t u v cui. Mi
frame c to thnh t mt lot cc trng (field), nh th hin trong hnh. Mi field c
to thnh t mt s lng nht nh cc byte. Trong HDLC, field iu khin (control field)
c th di 1 hoc 2 byte, tng ng vi mode hot ng bnh thng hoc mode m rng.
Trong SDLC, control field lun l 1 byte.
Ch hot ng bnh thng
Ch hot ng m rng
58
C FLAG
Mi frame bt u v kt thc vi mt chui cc bit 01111110 (gi l FLAG), vic ny gip
phn nh gia cc frame. trnh vic nhm ln cc frame khi d liu truyn i c dng
ging nh chui cc bit FLAG, HDLC s dng mt c ch gi l "bit stuffing". C ch ny
s t ng chn mt bit "0" sau mt chui lin tip 5 bit "1". Ngc li lc nhn, bit "0" theo
sau mt chui lin tip 5 bit "1" s c loi b trc khi c x l mc cao hn.
A: d liu c truyn i
B: d liu c chn bit 0
C: cc bit d liu lin tc c dng ging c FLAG
D: bit "0" c chn sau 5 bit "1" lin tip. Bit 0 ny s c loi b khi nhn
TRNG A CH - ADDRESS FIELD

Address Field cha a ch ca trm nhn trong kt ni a im. Trong frame tr li
(respond), Address field cha a ch ca chnh trm gi frame tr li.
Trong mng X.25, khi s dng HDLC nh l giao thc lp 2, address field ch cha hai gi
tr 01 v 03 (h thp lc phn), tng ng vi "command frame" v "respond frame", gia
User (DTE) v Network (DCE).
Trng a ch trong HDLC cho X.25

TRNG IU KHIN CONTROL FIELD
Cc control field xc nh loi frame v cc thng s hot ng khc ca giao thc. C 3 loi
frame c qui nh bi control field:
Thng tin Informative
Gim st Supervision
Unnumbered
TRNG THNG TIN INFORMATION FIELD

Cc Info field cha cc d liu c truyn t trm ny n trm khc. N c th cha chui
bit bt k ("bit stuffing" t ng thm vo bit 0 khi c 5 bit "1" lin tip). Chiu di ca
59
Info field thng l bi s ca 8 byte, v b gii hn bi dung lng b nh ca cc trm v

t l li. Cc Info field ch hin din trong cc Informative frame v trong mt s
Unnumbered frame.
FCS (Frame Check Sequence) FIELD
FCS (Frame Check Sequence) field c s dng pht hin li. N c to thnh t hai
byte, c tnh ton khi truyn (dng phng php CRC, Cyclic Redundancy Check) trn c
s cc ni dung ca Address field, Control field, Info field. Khi tip nhn, cc tnh ton
tng t c thc hin. Nu FCS tnh ton khng trng vi FCS nhn c trong frame,
pha thu s t chi frame v yu cu truyn li.
3. Control field v cc loi frame

Ni dung ca trng iu khin (control field) xc nh loi frame trao i v kim sot s
lng frame trao i. Cc frame c chia thnh 3 loi:
Frame I (Information): c s dng cho vic truyn nhn thng tin (d liu t lp trn).
Frame S (Supervisory): c s dng kim sot frame.
Frame U (Unnumbered): c s dng xc nh cc ch kt ni lp 2 hoc c
dng bt u v kt thc mt kt ni.
60
Mi loi frame khc nhau c cu trc control field tng ng khc nhau. Bit 1 v 2 ca byte
u tin cho php phn bit loi frame, tng ng l chiu di ca n.
Control filed c di l 1 (Normal Mode) hoc 2 byte (Extended Mode) cho cc frame I
(thng tin) v frame S (gim st); l 1 byte cho frame U. Cc frame c th l lnh (C -
command), tr li (R - respond), hoc kt hp lnh v tr li (C/R).
Cc bit trong Control field c ngha:
N(R): dy s th t (t 0 n 7 trong Normal Mode, t 0 n 127 trong Extended Mode)
ca frame I tip theo mong mun nhn c.
N(S): dy s th t (t 0 n 7 trong Normal Mode, t 0 n 127 trong Extended Mode)
ca frame I gi i.
P/F: Poll / Final bit: C ngha Poll hoc Final tng ng vi frame gi i l command
hay respond:
o Command frame: Poll (P) bit c gi t primary station n secondary station.
Gi tr 1 ca (P) bit mang ngha yu cu secondary station gi respond frame
n primary station.
o Respond frame: Final (F) bit c gi t secondary station n primary station.
Gi tr 1 ca (F) bit mang ngha bo hiu l frame cui cng c gi.
S: gm 2 bit xc nh cc loi ca frame gim st S (Supervisory). Vi 2 bit s c 4 t
hp, tng ng vi 4 loi frame S: RR, RNR, REJ, SREJ.
M: gm 5 bit xc nh loi ca frame Unnumbered. C tng cng 32 t hp, tng
ng vi rt nhiu loi frame U.
4. Frame thng tin (I frame) v frame gim st (S frame)

Frame I (Information Frame) ch xut hin sau khi kch hot kt ni lp 2 din ra. Cc
frame ny vn chuyn thng tin lp 3 trong Information field ca n.
Ch hot ng bnh thng
Ch hot ng m rng
Frame S (Supervisory) ch xut hin sau khi kch hot kt ni lp 2 xy ra. Cc frame S
c s dng kim sot li v m bo lu lng cc frame truyn nhn. Khc vi frame
I, frame S ch c nh ch s N(R) v khng cha cc info field.
61
Frame gim st trong ch vn hnh bnh thng
Frame gim st trong ch hot ng m rng
Frame S c chia thnh 4 loi nh:

RR (Receiver Ready): frame dng thng bo cho cc station khc bit n khng cn
ch RNR (Receiver Not Ready) v xc nhn vic tip nhn frame I t cc station khc.
RNR (Receiver Not Ready): frame dng thng bo cho cc station khc trng thi bn
(khng sn sng nhn frame) nhm ngn chn vic gi frame I. Lc ny, t ch s N(R)
ca RNR frame c th bitc s lng cc frame ang i pha sau. Bn cnh , RNR
frame cn dng xc nhn vic nhn frame I t station khc (da vo ch s N(R))
REJ (Reject): frame c s dng thng bo cho cc station khc bit mt frame I
khng ng th t c nhn v yu cu station pht truyn li tt cc cc frame I t
frame c nh th t N(R) trong REJ frame.
SREJ (Selective Reject): frame c s dng yu cu station pht truyn li frame I c
th t N(R) trong SREJ frame.
5. Frame Unnumbered (U frame)

Frame U (Unnumbered) c s dng xc nh cc ch kt ni lp 2 (NRM, ARM,
ABM) v c dng bt u hay kt thc mt kt ni.
Ch hot ng bnh thng
Phn tip theo gii thiu mt s frame U quan trng c nh ngha trong 2 giao thc
HDLC v SDLC. Trong , mt s frame ging nhau v ngha v ch khc nhau v tn gi
tng ng vi 2 giao thc HDLC v SDLC (V d: UA trong HDLC v NSA trong SDLC).
HDLC
62
SNRM (Set Normal Response Mode): kch hot mt secondary station hot ng ch
NRM; SNRM frame c s dng trong giai on khi u kt ni. Secondary station
c kch hot v tr li bng mt frame UA hon tt. Ngc li, nu kch hot khng
thnh cng, secondary station s gi frame DM (Disconnect Mode).
SARM (Set Asynchronous Response Mode): kch hot mt secondary station hot ng
ch ARM; SARM frame c s dng trong giai on khi u kt ni. Secondary
station c kch hot v tr li bng mt frame UA hon tt. Ngc li, nu kch hot
khng thnh cng, secondary station s gi frame DM.
SABM (Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode): kch hot mt secondary station hot ng
ch ABM; SABM frame c s dng trong giai on khi u kt ni. Secondary
station c kch hot v tr li bng mt frame UA hon tt. Ngc li, nu kch hot
khng thnh cng, secondary station s gi frame DM.
SNRME (Set Normal Response Mode Extended): kch hot mt secondary station hot
ng ch NRM Extended Mode (control field gm 16 bit v th t frame c nh
s t 0 n 127).
SARME (Set Asynchronous Response Mode Extended): kch hot mt secondary station
hot ng ch ARM Extended Mode.
SABME (Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode Extended): kch hot mt secondary station
hot ng ch ABM Extended Mode.
SIM (Set Initialization Mode): c gi t primary station bt u cc bc qun l
kt ni trn secondary station.
Cc frame trn s thit lp li ch s N(S) v N(R) ca cc station tham gia truyn nhn.
DISC (DISConnect): c s dng ngt cc kt ni. DISC frame chuyn cc

secondary station vo trng thi off-line, khng th pht hoc nhn cc frame I hay frame
S, ngoi tr mt s loi frame U. Bn nhn gi li mt frame UA hon tt. Trong cc
trng hp khc, qu trnh ngt kt ni mc nhin c hon tt sau mt khong thi
gian ch timeout.
UA (Unnumbered Acknowledgement): xc nhn vic tip nhn cc frame U.
DM (Disconnect Mode): c gi t secondary station bo hiu trng thi ngt kt ni
vi primary station. Frame DM ny c dng tr li cho cc frame bt u (SNRM,
SARM, SABM) trong trng hp thit b u cui khng th hon thnh cc th tc kch
hot kt ni.
RD (Request Disconnect): yu cu ngt kt ni t secondary station.
RIM (Request Initialization Mode): c gi t secondary station yu cu lnh bt
u ch vn hnh t primary station.
UI (Unnumbered Information): c s dng trao i thng tin (trng thi hot ng,
thng s,)
XID (eXchange Identification): c s dng thit lp trc khi truyn nhn d liu,
v d nh yu cu nhn dng hoc cung cp tn cc station.
63
FRMR (FRaMe Reject): t chi ca mt frame nhn do li th tc (control field khng

hp l, information field di qu qui nh, s th t frame sai,). Frame ny c km
vi information field, c cha cc nguyn nhn ca vic t chi.
UP (Unnumbered Poll): lnh ny lm cho cc station nhn frame UP bt u truyn. Vic
kim tra l ty chn nu bit P l 0.
RSET (ReSET): reset th t frame trong mt hng. Cc station pht lnh ny s t li
N(S) bt u m t 0, cc station tip nhn t N(R) bt u m t 0.
TEST: l cc frame trao i gia primary station v secondary station kim tra kt ni.
SDLC
SNRM (Set Normal Response Mode): kch hot mt secondary station hot ng ch
NRM; SNRM frame c s dng trong giai on khi u kt ni. Secondary station
c kch hot v tr li bng mt frame UA hon tt. Ngc li, nu kch hot khng
thnh cng, secondary station s gi frame DM (Disconnect Mode).
SIM (Set Initialization Mode): c gi t primary station bt u cc bc qun l
kt ni trn secondary station.
Cc frame trn s thit lp li ch s N(S) v N(R) ca cc station tham gia truyn nhn.
RQI (ReQuest fort Initialization): c gi t secondary station yu cu lnh bt u

ch vn hnh t primary station.
DISC (DISConnect): c s dng ngt cc kt ni. DISC frame chuyn cc
secondary station vo trng thi off-line, khng th pht hoc nhn cc frame I hay frame
S, ngoi tr mt s loi frame U. Bn nhn gi li mt frame UA hon tt. Trong cc
trng hp khc, qu trnh ngt kt ni mc nhin c hon tt sau mt khong thi
gian ch timeout.
ROL (Request On Line): c gi t secondary station bo hiu n ang trong trng
thi ngt kt ni.
NSI (Non Sequenced Information): c s dng trao i thng tin (trng thi hot
ng, thng s,)
NSA (Non Sequenced Acknowledgement): xc nhn vic tip nhn cc frame SNRM,
DISC, SIM.
ORP (Optional Response Poll): lnh ny lm cho cc station nhn frame ORP bt u
truyn. Vic kim tra l ty chn nu bit P l 0.
CMDR (ComManD Reject): lnh t chi t mt secondary station.
TEST: l cc frame trao i gia primary station v secondary station kim tra kt ni.
6. V d HDLC hot ng ch ABM

V d m t giao thc HDLC hot ng ch ABM (Asynchronous Balanced Mode), kt
ni point-to-point v trao i d liu full-duplex. Hai station c chn l loi hn hp: va
l primary station va l secondary station c kh nng gi cc lnh v tr li ti thi im
64
bt k. Address field trong cc frame l a ch ca trm pht khi mt lnh (command) c

gi i v cng l chnh a ch khi phn hi (respond) c gi i.
Trm B bt u kt ni (a) trong ch ABM, bng cch gi cc frame SABM (Set
Asynchronous Balanced Mode). P/F bit c ngha Poll, v c thit lp 1 yu cu
phn hi.
Trm A tr li v xc nhn bng frame Unnumbered Acknowledgement, UA (h).
Trm B gi frame Info th 2 (d), v cho bit n ang ch frame 1 (NR = 1) t trm A.
iu ny mc nhin xc nhn trm B nhn ng frame 0 (i).
Trm B gi frame Info th 3 (e). P/F bit c ngha Poll, v c thit lp 1 yu cu
trm A phn hi. Trong khi trm A (l) gi mt frame Info, vi N(R) = 2 cho bit n
ang i nhn frame 2. P/F c ngha Poll, v c thit lp 1 yu cu trm B phn
hi.
phn hi cho frame (l), trm B gi mt frame RR (f). Bit F = 1 cho thy cc trm B
khng cn frame no truyn i. Trong khi trm A (m) gi mt frame (m) phn
hi cho frame (e).
Trm B (g) gi mt frame DISC (Disconnect) ngt kt ni. Bit P = 1 yu cu phn hi.
Trm A tr li bng frame UA (n).
Quan st ch ABM, ta thy s kch hot kt ni c th c bt u t c hai trm. Khc

vi ch ARM cc kt ni theo hai hng phi c kch hot ring bit; trong ch
ABM, kch hot kt ni, mt frame SABM duy nht pht ra bi mt trong hai trm l .
Tng t nh vy trong trng hp khi ngt kt ni (frame DISC).
ABM trao i d liu full-duplex
7. V d HDLC s dng frame REJ v SREJ sa li sai

Vic phc hi li mt frame Info b sai trong khi truyn c th c thc hin nh cc frame
REJ (Reject) v SREJ (Selective Reject).
65
S dng cc frame REJ

Trm 1 truyn frame INFO s 1 (NS = 1). Do nhiu trn ng truyn, gi s frame nhn
c trm 2 b sai.
Trm 1 truyn frame INFO s 2 (NS = 2), gi s frame ny n c trm 2 v khng b
sai.
Trm 2 gi mt frame REJ vi NR = 1. Vic ny cho thy rng frame 1 b t chi.
Trm 1 truyn li tt c cc frame t frame s 1 tr i (bao gm c frame s 2).
S dng frame REJ
S dng cc frame SREJ: Frame SREJ cho php h thng phc hi frame b sai mt cch
hiu qu nht, v n ch yu cu truyn li ng frame b sai.
Trm 1 truyn frame INFO s 1 (NS = 1). Do nhiu trn ng truyn, gi s frame nhn
c trm 2 b sai.
Trm 1 truyn frame INFO s 2 (NS = 2), gi s frame ny n c trm 2 v khng b
sai.
Trm 2 gi mt frame SREJ vi NR = 1. Vic ny cho thy rng frame 1 b t chi.
Trm 1 ch truyn li frame s 1.
S dng frame SREJ
66
Phn 2: Cu hi chun b
Cu 1: Tm hiu v so snh 2 giao thc SDLC v HDLC?

Cu 2: Hy cho bit "bit stuffing" l g? Nguyn tc chn bit 0 ca bit stuffing l nh th
no?
Cu 3: Hy cho bit chc nng ca control field trong giao thc HDLC?
Cu 4: Tm hiu transmission window v cho bit vai tr ca transmission window khi
truyn d liu?
Cu 5: Cho bit vai tr ca FCS (Frame Check Sequence) field v cch tnh CRC?
Cu 6: Gii thch c ch sa cc frame b sai khi truyn trong giao thc HDLC?
67
Phn 3: Tin hnh th nghim
Ch : sinh vin kim tra tht k cc dy ni ngun trc khi bt ngun. Nu xy ra
tnh trng h hng cc thit b th nghim do li sinh vin, ton b nhm th nghim s
khng c tip tc hc th nghim na.
Ngy th nghim:.
Nhm: .....
1/..
2/..
3/..
4/..
1. Gii thiu Module th nghim DL TC72-MP:

Module DL TC72-MP cho php m phng hot ng ca cc giao thc truyn thng s. T
, sinh vin c th quan st v rt ra cc c im ca tng giao thc hiu r hn hot
ng ca cc giao thc truyn thng thc t.
Module DL TC72-MP c m t nh hnh:
Module ny gm cc phn:
USB port kt ni vi my tnh
Hai mn hnh hin th LCD gip quan st cc frame d liu trao i qua li trong cc giao
thc.
Cc card m phng giao thc v khe cm tng ng kt ni vi Module TC72-MP.
68
Cc card m phng cc giao thc bao gm HDLC, X.25, Frame Relay v ATM. Trong
phm vi bi th nghim ny, card m phng giao thc HDLC c s dng quan st
cc frame d liu trao i gia hai trm.
Phn mm iu khin (DLprot) gip kt ni vi my tnh v iu khin Module TC72-
MP. Phn mm ny c giao din nh hnh:
Cc chc nng chnh ca phn mm ny:

Simulator: m t m phng ang chy.
Module: card m phng ang kt ni vi Module TC72-MP
Mode: mode m phng (Run, Stop hoc Test Mode)
Simulation Commands: cc lnh iu khin dng trong m phng.
LED + LCD output: Hin th LED v LCD ng vi trng thi hot ng trn card m
phng v c cp nht ti mi bc m phng.
Mn hnh LCD hin th cc thng s ca giao thc (HDLC) m phng:

ADDRESS : a ch ca frame
CODE : loi frame
N(S) : b m frame truyn i
P/F : bit Poll / Final
N(R) : b m frame nhn c
INFO : ni dung ca Information field
FCS : Frame Check Sequence, G (Good) or B (Bad).
69
2. M phng giao thc HDLC hot ng ch ABM

Phn ny m phng giao thc HDLC hot ng ch ABM (Asynchronous Balanced
Mode), kt ni point-to-point v trao i d liu full-duplex. Hai station c chn l loi
hn hp: va l primary station va l secondary station c kh nng gi cc lnh v tr li
ti thi im bt k.
Cc bc tin hnh:
1. Kt ni module th nghim DL TC72-MP vi my tnh qua giao tip USB
2. M chng trnh m phng DLprot
3. M file m phng HDLC hot ng ch ABM. Dng menu File/Open Simulation v tr
n file Sphdl1.sim
4. Kim tra giao din GUI ca chng trnh DLprot, m bo c kt ni gia trnh iu khin
v Module (Kim tra khung TC72-MP Conection Status)
5. Chn vo nt Reset tr v trng thi mc nh ca Module trc khi tin hnh m phng.
6. T y tr v sau, ti mi bc, sinh vin tun t click chn vo phm UP trn giao din
GUI, quan st cc n LED v ni dung gi tin, ghi nhn kt qu v thc hin cc yu cu:
B1: Quan st v kim tra n LED s 1 (mu ) Station 20 chy sng, bo hiu frame
s 1 c truyn t Station 20 n Station 10. Xc nh address field, control field, info
field trong frame s 1. Cho bit loi v tc dng ca frame ny. Xc nh gi tr ca bit
P/F v gii thch ngha ca bit ny.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B2: Quan st v kim tra n LED s 2 (mu xanh) Station 10 chy sng, bo hiu
frame s 2 c truyn t Station 10 n Station 20. Cho bit ngha ca frame s 2.
Xc nh gi tr ca address field, P/F bit v gii thch.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B3: Quan st v kim tra n LED s 3 (mu ) Station 20 chy sng, bo hiu frame
s 3 c truyn t Station 20 n Station 10. Cho bit ngha ca frame ny. Xc nh
gi tr ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R) v gii thch.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B4: Kim tra n LED s 4 tng ng vi chiu truyn ca frame. Gii thch ti sao
address field trong trng hp ny khc vi address filed bc 2 d chiu truyn ca
gi tin l tng t.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B5: Kim tra n LED s 5. Cho bit loi ca frame truyn i. Xc nh gi tr ca P/F
bit, N(S), N(R) v gii thch. Ghi nhn li gi tr ca info field v cho bit d liu trong
info field ny l g, c ly t u?
................................................................................................................................................
70
................................................................................................................................................
B6: Kim tra n LED s 6. Xc nh gi tr ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R) v gii thch.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B7-8: Kim tra n LED tng ng vi chiu truyn ca frame. Xc nh gi tr ca P/F
bit, N(S), N(R) v data info field trong tng trng hp.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B9: Kim tra n LED s 9. Xc nh gi tr ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R). Station 10 thc hin
truyn frame c N(S) = 2 trc khi nhn c xc nhn nhn ng frame c N(S) = 1
t Station 20 c hp l khng? Ti sao?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B10: Kim tra n LED s 10. Gii thch l do ti sao bit P/F c set thnh 1 trong
trng hp ny? Cho bit vai tr ca tranmission window pha nhn.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B11: Kim tra n LED s 11. Cho bit loi v ngha ca frame s 11. Xc nh gi tr
ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R) v gii thch.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
T bc ny v sau, gi s transmission window c thit lp bng 4.
B12-13-14: Kim tra n LED tng ng vi chiu truyn ca frame. Xc nh gi tr
ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R) v data info field trong tng trng hp. D on gi tr cc
field P/F bit, N(S), N(R) ca frame info tip theo truyn theo hng t Station 10 n
Station 20.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B15: Kim tra n LED s 15. Kim chng v gii thch l do ti sao bit P/F c set
thnh 1 trong trng hp ny?
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B16: Kim tra n LED s 16. Cho bit loi v ngha ca frame s 11. Xc nh gi tr
ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R) v gii thch l do ti sao N(R) ca frame ny c gi tr bng 0.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
71
B17-18: Kim tra n LED tng ng vi chiu truyn ca frame. Xc nh gi tr cc

field trong frame truyn nhn v m t qu trnh kt thc mt kt ni trong giao thc
HDLC.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
7. Ghi nhn li ton b qu trnh truyn d liu gia 2 Station trong m phng trn
3. M phng giao thc HDLC v c ch sa sai dng frame REJ

Phn ny m phng phng thc sa cc frame b sai trong qu trnh truyn vi giao thc
HDLC. Trm thu s yu cu trm pht truyn li tt c cc frame k t frame sai nh thng
tin trong frame REJ. Gi s ban u kt ni gia 2 trm c thit lp v cc trm c th
trao i thng tin vi nhau. Cc bc tin hnh:
1. M file m phng c ch sa sai dng frame REJ. Dng menu File/Open Simulation v tr
n file Sphdl2.sim
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B3: Kim tra n LED s 3. Gi s frame s 3 ny b sai do nhiu trong qu trnh truyn.
Xc nh gi tr field FCS v cho bit ngha ca field FCS ny.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B4: Kim tra n LED s 4. Gi s frame s 4 ny truyn ng n bn thu. Xc nh gi
tr ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R) trong frame ny.
72
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B5: Kim tra n LED s 5. Cho bit loi v ngha ca frame truyn i. Xc nh gi tr
ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R) v gii thch. D on phn ng ca Station 10 khi nhn c
frame s 5 ny.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B6: Kim tra n LED s 6. Xc nh gi tr ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R) ca frame truyn i.
Gii thch c ch sa li trong trng hp dng frame REJ.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B7-8: Kim tra n LED tng ng vi chiu truyn ca frame. Kim chng qu trnh
sa li dng frame REJ.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
4. M phng giao thc HDLC v c ch sa sai dng frame SREJ

Phn ny m phng phng thc sa cc frame b sai trong qu trnh truyn vi giao thc
HDLC. Trm thu s yu cu trm pht truyn li duy nht frame b sai nh thng tin trong
frame SREJ. Gi s ban u kt ni gia 2 trm c thit lp v cc trm c th trao i
thng tin vi nhau. Cc bc tin hnh:
1. M file m phng c ch sa sai dng frame SREJ. Dng menu File/Open Simulation v tr
n file Sphdl3.sim.
................................................................................................................................................
73
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B3: Kim tra n LED s 3. Gi s frame s 3 ny b sai do nhiu trong qu trnh truyn.
Xc nh gi tr field FCS v cho bit ngha ca field FCS ny.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B4: Kim tra n LED s 4. Gi s frame s 4 ny truyn ng n bn thu. Xc nh gi
tr ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R) trong frame ny.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B5: Kim tra n LED s 5. Cho bit loi v ngha ca frame truyn i. Xc nh gi tr
ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R) v gii thch. D on phn ng ca Station 10 khi nhn c
frame s 5 ny.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B6: Kim tra n LED s 6. Xc nh gi tr ca P/F bit, N(S), N(R) ca frame truyn i.
Gii thch c ch sa li trong trng hp dng frame SREJ.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
B7-8: Kim tra n LED tng ng vi chiu truyn ca frame. Kim chng qu trnh
sa li dng frame SREJ.
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................................
So snh s ging v khc nhau gia hai c ch sa li dng frame REJ v SREJ
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................................
74

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Trng i hc Bch Khoa

PTN Truyn s liu

Ti liu tham kho

Thng tin lin h

+ Ths. inh Quc Hng Email:

+ ng Nguyn Chu Email: chaudn@hcmut.edu.vn

BI TH NGHIM ......................................................................................................... Trang

1. Cu hnh Access Point c bn................................................................................................4

2. Cu hnh mng c bn .........................................................................................................19

3. Phn tch cc protocol thng dng ca TCP/IP ...................................................................32

5. Phn tch giao thc SDLC v HDLC ...................................................................................56

Bi 1: CU HNH ACCESS POINT C BN

8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit

a ch IP bao gm 2 phn: phn th nht lun nm u gip xc nh mng m h thng

3. Bm cp theo chun 568A v 568B

Cp UTP bao gm 8 dy, chia lm 4 cp c xon vi nhau, mi cp gm mt dy c v

Nh vy ni trc tip 2 my tnh, tc l ni 2 card mng ca 2 my tnh bng cp mng

S u dy cho cp thng (568B)

Cu 1: mi card mng ta u c mt a ch vt l (MAC address) duy nht, ti sao ta li

1. Thc hnh bm cp mng theo chun 568A v 568B:

o Bc 1: tut 1 on khong 5cm lp v nha bc si cp UTP. Ch khng lm nh

o Bc 6: dng km bm cp bm cp, hon tt mt u cp. Ch nhng l ng

2. Cu hnh Access Point c bn

2.2. Cc bc tin hnh

o Dng cp thng kt ni cng LAN ca my tnh vi mt trong cc cng LAN ca access

o Dng cp thng kt ni cng WAN ca access point vi ADSL Modem

o M ca s Network and Sharing Center: c 2 cch: vo Control Panel v double click vo

o Ca s Ethernet Status s xut hin:

Bc 3: Cu hnh Access Point (AP)

o Bt ngun Access Point, nhn gi nt RESET khi phc li ci t gc ca AP.

Lu : a ch IP, username, password mc nh ca AP s thay i ty theo hng sn xut v

o Trong ca s tip theo, click chn Advance bt u cu hnh AP:

o Click chn OK lu li cc thit lp.

Bc 4: Kim tra AP v kt ni Internet:

o Vo trnh duyt Web, nhp a ch LAN ca AP va cu hnh trong bc 3.

Kim tra kt ni Internet trn PC. PC c vo Internet c khng ? .............................

Bc 5: Cu hnh Wireless cho AP (ty chn)

o Click chn OK lu li cc thit lp. Reboot li AP

8 bit 8 bit 8 bit 8 bit

a ch IP bao gm 2 phn: phn th nht lun nm u gip xc nh mng m h thng

3. Cu hnh thit b Cisco c bn

Sau khi thit lp xong m hnh kt ni vt l, ta cn dng mt phn mm terminal emulator

Sau , chng trnh s yu cu nhp vo cc thng s ca kt ni, ta chn ln lt Bits per

Xem li cu hnh thit b: khi ang Global Configuration Mode, ta tr v Privileged

Cu 1: mi card mng ta u c mt a ch vt l (MAC address) duy nht, ti sao ta li

1. Xy dng mng Peer-to-peer

M hnh th nghim: Sinh vin dng loi dy thch hp va bm bc trc kt ni 2 my

kt ni PC v PC ta cn dng loi cp no?...........................................................................

Gn a ch cho my A v my B theo bng sau:

Hy cho bit phn network v host ca my A v my B?

Ti sao phn network ca my A v my B ging nhau?

Ti sao phn host ca my A v my B khc nhau?

T PC A thc hin lnh ping 192.168.1.11 command prompt ca Windows, kt qu ping?

T PC B thc hin lnh ping 192.168.1.10 command prompt ca Windows, kt qu ping?

M hnh kt ni: sinh vin dng loi dy thch hp bm bc trc kt ni

kt ni PC v Switch ta cn dng loi cp no?....................................................................

So vi m hnh Peer-to-Peer th m hnh Switch based c u im v khuyt im g?

Vn dng a ch IP bc trc, sinh vin thc hin lnh ping t PC A n PC B v ngc

3. Cu hnh c bn trn Router Cisco, xy dng mng router based

Hy cho bit loi dy ca tng kt ni?

Fast Ethernet 0/0 A

Sinh vin thc hin cu hnh tn router v a ch IP cho router v cc PC nh hnh v,

Hy cho bit cc lnh thc hin cu hnh ny: