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Tedari̇kçi̇ Seçi̇mi̇ İçi̇n Bi̇r Karar Destek Si̇stemi̇
Tedari̇kçi̇ Seçi̇mi̇ İçi̇n Bi̇r Karar Destek Si̇stemi̇
Anahtar Kelimeler zet
AHP, Tedariki seimi, satn alma fonksiyonu ierisinde olduka nemli bir faaliyettir.
TOPSIS, Tedariki seiminin balca amac, firmann sreklilik ve fiyat etkinlii ihtiyalarn
K-Ortalamalar, karlayan yksek potansiyelli tedarikilerin belirlenmesidir. Tedarikiler konusunda
Tedariki Kmeleme yaplacak doru tercihler satn alma maliyetlerinin azaltrken, mteri memnuniyeti ve
rekabet yeteneini artrr. Bu almada, tedariki seimi ve deerlendirme probleminin
zm iin Analitik Hiyerari Prosesi (AHP), TOPSIS ve K-ortalamalar yntemlerinin
kullanld bir karar destek sistemi nerilmitir. Deerlendirme kriterlerin arlklar
AHP ile belirlenmi ve bu arlklar TOPSIS ynteminin girdisi olarak kullanlmtr.
TOPSIS ile arlkl puanlarna gre sralanan tedarikiler K-ortalamalar yntemi ile alt
kmelere ayrlmtr. En iyi tedarikiyi semek yerine, K-ortalamalar ynteminin AHP ve
TOPSIS yntemleri ile birlikte kullanmyla benzer zellikleri olan tedarikileri
kmelendirerek etkin tedarik planlarnn hazrlanmas hedeflenmitir.
A DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLIER SELECTION
Keywords Abstract
AHP, Supplier selection is an important activity within the purchasing function. The main
TOPSIS, objective of supplier selection is to identify high-potential suppliers who meet the firms
K-Means, continuity and price effectiveness needs. The right choices about suppliers improve the
Supplier Clustering customer satisfaction and competitiveness while reducing costs. In this study, Analytic
Hierarchy Process (AHP), TOPSIS and K-means methods are used to solve supplier
selection and evaluation problem. The criteria are weighted using AHP and then these
weights are used as input of TOPSIS method. The suppliers ranked according to weighted
scores using TOPSIS are divided into subsets with K-means method. Instead of selecting
the best supplier, it is aimed to generate the infrastructure to prepare effective
procurement plan clustering the suppliers who have similar characteristics by using K-
means method with AHP and TOPSIS methods.
hesaplama admlar aadaki srasyla verilmektedir 6. Adm: Denklem 10 kullanlarak ideal zme
(ahin ve Akyer, 2011: 76). *
greli yaknlk ( ci ) hesaplanr.
TOPSIS ynteminin hesaplama admlar aadaki d i 0 ci* 1
srasyla verilmektedir. ci* = (10)
d i + d i*
*
1. Adm: Karar matrisi (P) oluturulur. lt says n Burada ci deeri i alternatifin ncelik deerini
ve alternatif says m olmak zere karar matrisi u gsterir ve ideal zme daha yakn olan zmler
ekilde gsterilir (Liaudanskiene ve dierleri, 2009: daha iyi seeneklere karlk gelir.
35); 7. Adm: Son olarak da alternatifler ideal zme
x11 x12 ... x1n *
greli yaknlk ( ci ) deerine gre sralanr.
x x22 ... x2 n
21
. . . .
P= 3.3. K-Ortalamalar Yntemi
. . . .
. . . .
K-ortalamalar yntemi, kmeleme probleminin
xm1 xm 2 ... xmn zmnde kullanlan ve temel mant n adet veri
nesnesinden oluan bir veri kmesini (X), giri
2. Adm: Normalletirilmi karar matrisi (R) oluturulur. parametresi olarak verilen k (kn) adet kmeye
Bu matris aadaki Denklem (4) yardmyla hesaplanr blmek olan bir kmelendirme yntemidir. (alkan
(Opricovic ve Tzeng, 2004: 449). ve Soukpnar, 2008: 120). ok deikenli istatistiksel
bir teknik olan ve verilerin benzerliklerine gre
xij snflandrlmas ve homojen alt gruplara ayrlmas
rij = iin kullanlan K-ortalamalar yntemi, en ok bilinen
m (4)
x
i =1
2
ij
kmeleme yntemlerinden biri olup hiyerarik
olmayan bir yapya sahiptir (Frat vd., 2012: 6039). Bu
(rij; i: 1,2,.n; lt says j: 1,2,.m; alternatif says yntemde, yzlerce veriyi ileyebilen bir algoritma
3. Adm: lk olarak deerlendirme faktrlerine ilikin kullanlarak, belirli karakteristik zelliklere gre
birbiriyle ilikili olan greceli homojen gruplar
arlk deerleri ( wi ) belirlenir. Arlklar toplam 1 oluturulur. Elimizde hibir snf bilgisi olmadan n
n saydaki veriyi k adet kmeye ayrmak iin
olmaldr( w i = 1). Daha sonra bu arlklar kullanlabilecek bu yntemin z, kmelere atanan
i =1 noktalarn kme merkezine olan uzaklnn kareleri
kullanlarak arlkl normalletirilmi karar matrisi toplamnn minimize edilmesidir. Bu sayede birbirine
Arl
lt
Kalite
Servis
lt
Fiyat
Servis
Kalite
Fiyat
Ted.
6
8
No
S8 1,06 1,28 0,70 0,24 0,94 0,65 0,41 ekil 2. SPSS Veri Editrne Veri Girii
S9 0,95 1,28 0,70 0,16 1,01 0,62 0,38 Veri giri ilemi tamamlandktan sonra Analyze >
S10 1,38 1,63 0,59 0,20 0,52 0,92 0,64 Classify > K-Means Cluster seenei ile
S11 0,87 1,28 0,70 0,20 1,05 0,61 0,37 kmelendirme ynteminin seimi yaplr. Seim ile
S12 1,46 1,98 0,70 0,32 0,13 1,27 0,90
ilgili ekran grnts ekil 3te gsterilmektedir.
S13 1,10 1,17 0,70 0,16 1,04 0,63 0,38
A
+ 1,51 2,10 0,70 0,36
ekil 3. Analiz Mens
101
Sahin Y., Supciller A. A., 2015. SDU-JESD-146931-91-104
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