TENSE SYSTEM IN ENGUSH ‘Agagidaki yapilar V1 i¢in 6neslikii Slarak ipucu olabilecek siklik zarflaridir. Ancak bu yapilar bagka tenséltime imlerinde de kullaniiabilir. %0 %75 Never Almost never Occasionally. Usually Not at all Rarely. ‘Sometimes Genefally | Not ever Barely At times Mostly Every daylweek.. Hardly (ever) Now and then Most of the time. ‘Seldom Now and again Often | Frequently | Now Right now g Just now 3 At the moment Currently am/is/ are Ving | For the time being At present | Presently Look / listen ‘At thatithe time 76 esnada’” At that moment : o'anda Vp / was - were Ving Up till now : gu ana kadar | have /has V, | For 10 years now ‘ on yildit have /has been Ving Gradually: gidérek~ % More and more_: gider Day by. dey. 68Svat GURCAN & firdvan GURBUZ Yesterday ‘At the time, At that time | Two days/weeks/months... ago In ancient times | Last nightweek/month/year... Until recently In 1960 ‘Once (bir zamanlar) In the 1960s Ww Olmiis kisiler icin... yy i During the 1960s Previously/ ancient - Between 1960 and 1990 Initially/formerly | From 1990 to 2000 In the past During WW Il, ete For the first time | |aibi zaman ifadeleri gecmig zaman igin pointed time ifade etmektedirler. Aynica “Originate” fill de genellikie I V2" hali olan “originated” seklinde kullanihr. Yapi! Ve Anlam : Present / Future 4. It's (high/about) time + Subject + V2 | 2. Lwish / if only + Subject + V2 3. As if / As though + Subject + V2 | 4. Would rather + Subject + V2 | 5. If Clause Type 2 6. Would you mind + if + subject + V2 ‘Sogeneklerde WaS-WETE Ving! V2 Va U8 WAS-WETO Ving | WAS-WETE Ving dizilimleri dogru yanit olabiliner: Bi ik) dizlim diginda was-were Ving yapis! genellikle baska yapilaria kullaniimamaktadit! At this time This time yesterday fos Fwere Ving lately“: Son Zamanlatda’| have /has V, recently : son zamanlarda | have /has been Ving until recently : son zamanlara kadar |” nicalikle V2 % 1 have-has Vs / have — has been Ving... So far = 2 thus far su ana kadar up to now have-has Vs// have ~ has been Ving. up till now to date 69TENSE SYSTEM IN ENGUSH “Since” kullanimlan: | 4. cimle basinda ‘preposition’: |. since + pointed time inthe past _“have/has Vs" *haverhas been Ving’ _. | © Since'+ noun phrase, *have/has V2" *have/has been Vina”, “have/has V3" - “have/has been Vina” " since + pointed time in the past. t [ : } I | | 3, cUmle basinda “batilac”: i (Ever) Since. V, haverhas V3 se j | (Ever) Since Vv), haverhas been Vins : | 4.clmle ortasinda "badlac": : havelhas Vs (ever) since Mess be haverhas been Va, (ever) sines___ Vy. svar: : ' Ve Shee “havelhas V," /“have/has been Ving" : Ve. and since “have/has Vs" /*havelhas been Vina’ t ey but since “have/has V3" “have/has been Ving” ~All my life/aii hi jin my life | have /has Vs | All:the week / all the year... have / has been Ving _** Bu yapilar varken bahsi gegen kisi dlmagse "V2" ‘Ger climié dogrudan superlative yap ile baglarsa Gncelikle “V2” yapisini digtinmek gerekir. | Eger “this. ide baslarsa ve superlative yapilar ile devam ederse “have-has V3” yapisini igarétleyiniz. "= The first time / The last time .. This is the first th hai 70Svat GURCAN & fiovan GURBUZ ‘THE LAST / PAST: Agagidaki gibi zaman ifadeleri varken have-has V3 ya da have-has been Ving yapilarint igaretleyiniz: For In last have has V3 During } the > two weeks / months / years / decades / centuries Sai have /has been Ving Over Pi Within This term have /has been Ving am-is-are Ving S | Ve This morning } have has V5 Have-has Vs ile have-has been Ving arasinda kaldiginizda iki énemli nokta vardir: 1. EGer ciimlede tekrar aniami varsa (three times) have-has V3 isaretleyiniz. 2, Eger eylem bitmigse have-has V3, eylem devam ediyorsa have-has been Ving igaretleyiniz. Haveshas Va Havefhas been V-in { 41) Tekrar_ A) ee | ~ She has called me three times. “i | 2) Result 2) Action | - She has painted the room. ‘She has been painting the room. | (eylem bitmistir) (eylem devam ediyor) | [i _By/ by the time zaman itadeleri “-e kadar, -@ gelindiginde, -den énce” seklinde cevrilen yapilardir. By + pointed time, __SVO_. By the time SVO svo > Zaman baglaclant (when, before, after, as soon as...) uyum ister ve present + present / past + past | zamaniaria birikte kullanulabiliier. Past bir climlede olaylar siralandiginda agagidaki formillere dikkat ediniz , Had V3"n genellikle gelemeyecadi yerler : After. hay : hi Before. By the time hi As eoon a a 71 ,TENSE SYSTEM IN ENGUSH Had V3'tin genelii uldii dizilimier: i | *Past anlam olan bir cimlede sadece “after” baglacinin yan ciimiesine “had V3" getirelim. | Diger yapiiarda “had V3” yapisinin geneliixle ana climlede kullanitdigina dikkat ediniz. “After Had V3 jie kullanilan zel yapilan formiillerle tekrarlayalim: 4) Iwish /if only + Subject + had V3 2) As If/As though + Subject + had V 3) Would rather + Subject + had V3 4) If Clause Type 3; 5) If Clause mixed type Thope / expect | Upredict / foresee I'm sure, confident, certain |. Itis certain / have no doubt | There is no doubt. Unless i When Once : present, _will + Vo ‘As soon as ap Will be Ving : (6 Until will have V3 | By the time ‘ s Before TOW, Tomorrow morning, etc. |) Two weeks later; future time In 2050, yapilan. “Shortly, briefly, on, before long, In the following week/inonthiyear, In/Within two weeks, etc. : Next week/month/year : 72Svat GUACAN & fovan GURBUZ "Be aboiit to Vo / Be due to Vo” ae “Be on the verge of Vina/ Noun Phrase” “Be on the edge of Ving/ Noun Phrase” “mek dizere olmak" / “-nin esiginde olmak “Be on the point of Ving/ Noun Phrase” “Be on the brink Of Ving! Noun Phrase” “Be on the threshold of Ving/ Noun Phrase” This time tomorrow / atthis time next year will be Vinig” ~~" -yor olacagim This time yesterday / at this time last year was-were Ving : -yordum By ve by the time zaman ifadeleri past perfect ve future perfect yapilan ile kullanitan Zaman ifadéleridir. Burada bu yapilani tekrar formutize edelim By 1960 had Vs (Vz) By 2060 will have Vs (will...) By the time past had Vs (V2). By the time present, _will have V3 (will..)__- “If clause” gérdlen climlelerde dikkat edilecek hiisuslar! im-is-are (%80 gelmez) ‘Tense sorilarinda ya da diger sorilarda gé¢en “this / that / these / those” keliméleri dogru yanit icin, ipucu olebilirler. “This” v2 “these” stfatlarinin zamian ve mekan olarak yakini igaret ettigini bilirsek bu yapilan éncelikle “present” yapilar ile diigtinmeliyiz. “That” ve “those” sifatiarinin ise zaman ve mekan olarak uzag} igaret ettigin bilirsek bu yapilant Gncelikle “past” yapilar ile dgGnmeliyiz. This week / these days... Oncelikle “present” yapilar i At that time / those days... : éncelikle “past” yapilar \ 731. 4. Today, there -- to be a problem’ with groundwater. Until recently, groundwater clean, so it was not necessary to purify it before people drank it. A) seemed / will be B) would seem /has been C) used to seem / had been D) seems / was E) had seemed /is In 1956, at the age of 47, Margaret Mee ——- her first Amazon expedition to observe, collect and paint the flowers of the region. inem YAVINCILIK A) made B) has made C) had made D) was making E) would make Between 1815 and 1914, the world —~ the greatest peaceful migration in its history: 35 million people, mostly Europeans, left their homelands to start new lives in America. A) has witnessed B) had witnessed C) was witnessing D) witnessed E) would witness = Zz = z § 5 It is generally believed by scientists that millions of years ago plant life —-- in the water and that new forms of plant life that could live on land developed gradually. A) originated B) has originated C) had originated D) is originating E) will originate 74 5. Over the past 25 years or so, there --a sharp increase in the popularity of parachuting as a spore ee A) was B) had been C) has been D)is E) would be 2 Long ago, they —-- out that our earth is not flat but round, and that the moon ---- round the earth. A) found / goes B) would find / went C) had found / had gone D) have found / goes E) were finding / was going ‘The work of scientists in the last twenty years ~~ the world that men can travel outside the earth's atmosphere in spaceships. A) showed B) had shown C) was shown D) would show E) has shown 8. In the past 40 years, hydroponic farming —- in a number of areas, especially in those where water is in short supply and temperatures are too extreme for ordinary agriculture. A) progressed B) would progress C) was progressed D) was going to progress E) has progressed