TP CH KHOA HC HSP TPHCM S 4(69) nm 2015

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YU T HUYN THOI TRONG TIU THUYT

CA NGUYN XUN KHNH
NGUYN TH THU HNG*

TM TT
Thnh cng vi ba tiu thuyt H Qu Ly, Mu Thng ngn v i go ln cha,
Nguyn Xun Khnh l mt trong nhng tc gi ni bt ca vn xui ng i Vit Nam.
Trong bi vit ny, chng ti ch tp trung nu bt cc dng thc biu hin yu t huyn
thoi nh mt nt c sc trong th gii ngh thut ca nh vn Nguyn Xun Khnh.
T kha: huyn thoi, tiu thuyt, Nguyn Xun Khnh.
ABSTRACT
Mythic elements in Nguyen Xuan Khanhs fictions
Nguyen Xuan Khanh, successful with three fictions H Qu Ly, Mu thng ngn
(Goddess of the Highlands), and i go ln cha (Bringing rice to the pagoda), is one of
the most well-known Vietnamese contemporary prose writers. In this article, the
researcher only focuses on highlighting patterns of presenting mythic elements as a
notable feature in Nguyen Xuan Khanhs artistic world.
Keywords: mythic, fiction, Nguyen Xuan Khanh.

1. Dn nhp tiu thuyt (1998-2000) ca Hi Nh vn

Trong i sng vn hc nc ta t
khi bc vo thp nin u ca th k
XXI, nh vn Nguyn Xun Khnh l
mt hin tng c bit. Sau mt vi tc
phm cha gy c ting vang thi tr,
n mnh sut gn mt i ngi, n khi
bc vo tui tht thp, ch trong vng
cha y mi nm, tr v t Min
hoang tng (Nxb Nng, 1990), ng
quay tr li v lin tip gp vo dng
chy ca vn xui ng i ba cun tiu
thuyt tm c: H Qu Ly (nm 2000),
Mu Thng Ngn (nm 2006), v i
go ln cha (nm 2010). Mi cun c
dy trn tm trm trang, u c d
lun ho hng n nhn. Tiu thuyt H
Qu Ly ln lt t gii thng cuc thi
Vit Nam, gii thng ca Hi Nh vn
H Ni, gii thng Mai vng ca bo
Ngi Lao ng nm 2001, gii thng
Thng Long ca UBND thnh ph H
Ni nm 2002 v c ti bn n ln
th mi lm. Tiu thuyt Mu Thng
Ngn c nhn gii thng ca Hi Nh
vn H Ni nm 2006, gii thng Vn
ha Doanh nhn nm 2007, v cng
c ti bn lin tc n ln th 6. Tiu
thuyt i go ln cha xut bn nm
2010, nhn gii thng ca Hi Nh vn
Vit Nam nm 2011.
Xung quanh tiu thuyt ca ng,
nhiu cuc hi tho c t chc,
nhiu bi gii thiu, nghin cu, ph bnh
in trn cc bo v tp ch. Tiu thuyt

*
ThS, Trng i hc Duy Tn; Email: nguyenthuhuong212@gmail.com

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ca Nguyn Xun Khnh c d lun
xem nh mt trong nhng hin tng ni
bt ca vn xui nc ta khi bc vo
thp nin u ca th k XXI. T H Qu
Ly, n Mu Thng Ngn v i go
ln cha, th gii ngh thut trong tiu
thuyt Nguyn Xun Khnh khng ch
bao qut mt phm vi hin thc rng ln,
m cn hm cha nhiu suy ngm v i
sng lch s v s phn dn tc t qu
kh n hin ti. Trong , mt trong
nhng l do to nn sc hp dn ca c ba
tc phm l v p ca sc mnh vn ha
v tm hn Vit c th hin bng mt
bt php giu tri nghim, thm m cht
lch s v huyn thoi; khng chong
ngp trc thi thng m vn mi m,
hin i. Li vn cng c duyn ring,
ng nh c ln ng tm s vi bn
c: Nghip vit cngty duyn, v
huyn thoi, lch s c ln lt hin
v gy hng th cho ti vit [11].
T , qua vic tm hiu Yu t
huyn thoi trong tiu thuyt Nguyn
Xun Khnh, bi vit bc u pht hin
mt trong nhng nt ni bt lm nn gi
tr t tng v ngh thut trong tc phm
ca nh vn ny; mt khc, qua cng
c th thy r hn quy lut vn ng v
i mi ca vn xui ng i Vit
Nam.
2. Ni dung
2.1. V khi nim huyn thoi
Huyn thoi c t ngn ng c Hi
Lp phin m theo ng h La tinh:
Mythos (ting Php l Mythe, ting Anh
l Myth). Mythos c ngha l nhng
cu chuyn, s vt mang mang tnh cht
Nguyn Th Thu Hng
thn thoi, hoang ng, cn phi c
gii m mi hiu ht n .
- T in Ting Vit do Hong Ph
ch bin, Nxb Nng nm 1997, nh
ngha: Huyn thoi l cu chuyn huyn
hoc, k l, hon ton do tng tng
[9, tr.454].
- Theo gio s c Hiu, trong
T in vn hc (b mi), Nxb Th gii,
2004: Huyn thoi l khi nim ch mt
hnh thc t duy c th ca con ngi
thi nguyn thy, trong ci k o che
du nhng s tht, c bo lu di
nhiu dng thc ca i sng tinh thn
nhiu nhm c dn trn th gii v i vo
vn hc ngh thut. Huyn thoi lp lnh
nhiu ngha b n, do , n thng mang
tnh a m, pht sng nhiu thng ip;
n xut pht t v thc tp th ngy c
xa. N tr thnh nhng mu c t
cc nh vn sau ny khai thc v sng to
theo v thc c nhn [8, tr.668-669].
th k XX, huyn thoi tr li vi
nhn loi, c hiu theo ngha rng, l
nhng chuyn c ngha su thm, vnh
cu v ton nhn loi, thng gp di
dng biu tng v c chc nng biu t
thn phn con ngi (truyn Kafka,
Hemingway). Nhn vt lch s cng c
th tr thnh nhn vt huyn thoi; truyn
pha trn ci thc vi ci hoang ng,
ci h o, ci k diu, thng bng
phng php phng i cc kch c,
nhm mc ch gii thch mt nhn vt k
v hoc tuyn truyn trong i chng mt
t tng no [8, tr.568-569]
43
TP CH KHOA HC HSP TPHCM
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2.2. i nt v huyn thoi trong vn
hc Vit Nam
Khng nm ngoi quy lut ca vn
hc nhn loi, dng chy ca t duy
huyn thoi cng ng hnh vi vn hc
Vit Nam qua tng chng ng lch s,
ng thi cng mang nhng c im
ring do chi phi bi iu kin sng v
bn lnh ca dn tc.
n thi hin i, ti huyn thoi
ha [10] l mt trong nhng cch thc
nh vn vn dng m rng nhiu
chiu khng gian v thi gian ngh thut
cho tc phm, nhm nh thc tng
tng ca ngi c, a h vo th gii
ca tiu thuyt ch thc, ni nh Milan
Kundera, l ni s tng tng c
th bng n nh trong mt gic m v
tiu thuyt c th vt qua i hi trng
chng c v tt yu phi ging tht [2,
tr.23]. Chng hn nh: huyn thoi m
u C va gn gi li va mang ngha
hin i qua Bc th gi m u C ca
Y Ban; bng dng ca Sn Tinh - Thy
Tinh trong S tch nhng ngy p tri
ca Ha Vang Mt khc, huyn
thoi c giy sng mi, nhiu nh
vn cn vn dng nhng biu tng nm
trong tn ngng dn gian y mu tnh
(truyn ngn ca Nguyn Minh Chu,
Nguyn Huy Thip, tiu thuyt ca
Dng Hng, Bo Ninh...).
Khng ch vy, vn hc Vit Nam
ng i cn vit v huyn thoi trong
xu th hi nhp khi tng tc vi yu t
huyn thoi phng ng v phng
Ty. Nh vn s dng t duy huyn thoi
sng to nn nhng huyn thoi mi
44
S 4(69) nm 2015
(huyn thoi trong truyn ngn ng i
Vit Nam), vn rt gn gi vi nguyn
tc sng tc ca ch ngha hin thc
huyn o M Latin, bin ton b cu trc
k o ca truyn l mt n d ln [10].
Motif ngi lnh tr v trong Nguyt kip
- V Th Ho, Bn trn gian - Lu Sn
Minh; motif ti c v trng pht, ha
thn vn lm nn c sc ca vn hc
huyn thoi phng Ty cng c dp
c c li khi T Duy Anh dn dt
qua th gii ca nhng ti c khng
khip ca con ngi rit rng mt cu
hi v thn phn ca th h tng lai trn
ming vc ci c trong Thin thn sm
hi (tiu thuyt), trn tr v ngha lm
ngi trong i tm nhn vt; hay thc
nhn su xa v cuc sng qua motif ha
thn b/ ngi trong Phin ch Git ca
Nguyn Minh Chu, ngi ha rn trong
Rn trng - Nguyn c Nam.
C th ni rng, tip tc dng chy
ca vn hc truyn thng, huyn thoi
trong vn hc Vit Nam ng i
c hnh thnh t s tng tc a dng
v nhiu chiu. l s tr v vi
nhng huyn thoi, nhng mu c vn
ling folklore di do ca dn tc, l
s thm thu truyn thng truyn k trong
vn hc Vit Nam qua mt chu k pht
trin dch dc v mang tnh tim tin,
cn l s k tha, tip thu thnh tu ca
vn hc huyn thoi th gii. S tng
tc vi yu t ni sinh v ngoi sinh
to nn gng mt va phong ph va
c o ca vn hc huyn thoi Vit
Nam [10].
TP CH KHOA HC HSP TPHCM
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2.3. Cc dng thc yu t huyn thoi
trong tiu thuyt ca Nguyn Xun
Khnh
2.3.1. Yu t huyn thoi bt ngun t tn
ngng cng ng v truyn k dn gian
Yu t huyn thoi dng thc ny
th hin r nht l tiu thuyt Mu
Thng Ngn. Khi vit tc phm ny,
Nguyn Xun Khnh tng tm s, c
nhng nhn vt nh t k c bt ra, v
ng vit bng thi hng dn gian,
vn xut pht t tn ngng cng ng.
Th cho sc tng tng bay bng
cng huyn thoi, Mu Thng Ngn
a ngi c vo th gii vn ha tm
linh ngi Vit. Mt th gii y b n
ca o Mu (khi m o Pht, o
Khng ang yu th trc uy lc o
Thin cha ang lan rng), lm rng buc
i vi con ngi nhng cng l mt ch
da to nn sc mnh khi con ngi gp
kh au, bt trc. o Mu c t ngn
i, b n n ni vn minh phng Ty
cng khng th hiu ht c. Ha quyn
vi cm hng lch s, cm hng vn ha
dn gian t gc nhn kht vng l gii ca
con ngi hin i lm nn chiu su
khm ph, y p nhng rung ng v
suy t ca nh vn.
Qua bt php ca Nguyn Xun
Khnh, nhng con ngi lng C nh
hin ln trong th gii ngh thut Mu
Thng Ngn va mang sc mnh c kt
ca cng ng vn ha lng x, li cng
va b rng buc n nghit ng bi
nhng nhng th lc v hnh y m nh
m h ang c vng vy vt qua trong
kht vng i thay s phn.
Nguyn Th Thu Hng
Ci mu gc m Nguyn Xun
Khnh da vo ni v vn ha Vit, v
sc sng v kh nng bin chuyn ca vn
ha l o Mu [6]. Nh vn tip cn
tn ngng dn gian v miu t vi thc
huyn thoi ha cho o Mu bao bc
khng gian lng C nh trong khng kh
ca ci thing. o Mu hin din trong
mi np nh, hn su trong np ngh ca
con ngi. Khng ngu nhin m thin
tiu thuyt ny m ra bng hnh nh nhn
vt Phc, con c Tit, mt ngi tr
v sau hai chc nm xa qu m vn thy
cnh lng V nh chng khc xa l
my. Anh nhn cnh lng v nh nh in
tng chi tit mt: t mu nc ca h
Huyn, ch h thng vi sng v pha u
dng sng l ni Mu, trn c n thing;
ngn ni pha di l ni ng c nhiu
chuyn l. Nhn vt c Nh t b nghe
li b Phc: Thy em ni: nc mnh,
ch no cng c Mu, v tiu thuyt
khp li cng bng li c Nh nh li m
bo: l con ngi ta, con i, ai chng
l con ca Mu. Bng hnh Mu lun i
li v ha thn nhiu dng hnh khc
nhau trong tc phm, nhng c Mi, b c
Cn, m con Vy, n c Th, c Ngt,
c Ng, ch m Php, m Thm... cho n
hnh nh b T c... Tn tiu thuyt l
Mu Thng Ngn, cng chnh bt ngun
t tng y. Nh vn Nguyn Ngc rt
c l khi cho rng: Nu i tm mt nhn
vt chnh cho cun tiu thuyt ny, th hn
c th ni nhn vt chnh l nn vn
ha Vit, va thc ti va v cng hin
thc, va rt h o, bn cht, xuyn sut
m cng li bin ha khn lng, rt
45
TP CH KHOA HC HSP TPHCM
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thing v cng rt chung, rt bn a m
cng li rt nhn loi [7].
Ngoi ra, yu t huyn thoi bt
ngun t tn ngng dn gian trong Mu
Thng Ngn cn c th hin qua vic
th cng bch thn v tn ngng vt
linh [13] th c thc vt, ng vt. Cy
a u lng C nh nh mt i th
linh thn,mt cy a c th tr danh,
gc to chc ngi m khng xu. N l
nim kiu hnh ca dn lng. Mt cy a
va hng v, va p, ngi trong vng
ai cng bit. Ngi ta dng n lm im
xc nh v tr. V d: Lng ti l lng
Gi cch cy a C nh hai cy s v
pha ng [4].
Ri ni ti cy a lng, cn phi k
n ng Thn Cu, tc l tc th con ch
. Mi tc th vi cc mu nh vy u
mang mu sc tm linh, v to ra c
khng gian tm linh nh mt ni lc c
ngha c kt cng ng, lm nn sc
mnh bn cht ca ngi lng Vit m
Nguyn Xun Khnh va m say miu
t, va mun thc tnh n trc cuc
sng ca x hi hin i.
Cnh vt y trong tiu thuyt Mu
Thng Ngn cn m bng dng huyn
thoi vi truyn thuyt ng ng b .
L nh vn hin i, Nguyn Xun
Khnh cng ng thi th hin thc
trn ln huyn thoi v gii huyn thoi.
Huyn tch ng ng b gii huyn
thoi bng nghi l t xc, cu chuyn
bn th tc ca anh Mng R v c Ng
cng c gii huyn thoi bng vic xua
ui, i bn cht ca dn lng C nh.
T , qua nhng trang tiu thuyt ca
46
S 4(69) nm 2015
Nguyn Xun Khnh ngi c khng
ch nhn ra sc mnh ca vn ha lng
nh l nn tng ca vn ha Vit trong
trng k lch s, m cn thy c c
mt lc hu hn ch ca n m cuc sng
cn vt qua.
2.3.2. Yu t huyn thoi gn vi s kin
v nhn vt lch s
Nu ni rng lch s khng thi l
m nh vi nh vn ng i [10] th
nhn nh cng hon ton xc ng
vi nh vn giu ni lc v tri nghim
Nguyn Xun Khnh.
lm c ci cng vic y
thch thc, kh khn nhng cng v
cng quyn r l phc sinh qu kh,
nh tiu thuyt trao s mnh cho nhn vt
m ch yu l hnh tng con ngi
trong tc phm.
H Qu Ly l mt nhn vt c tht
trong lch s, khi tr thnh nhn vt
chnh trong tiu thuyt cng tn, gi
c th cn bng gia c hai yu t s
tht lch s v h cu, nh vn huyn
thoi ha H Qu Ly bng cch soi chiu
nhn vt t nhiu im nhn khc nhau.
Vi hn ba mi nhn vt c tht trong
lch s v hn hai mi nhn vt do tc
gi h cu, chng y im nhn, chng
y ngh, chng y quan h s lm cho
hnh tng H Qu Ly tr nn rt thc
m cng rt huyn o, vi nhng tnh
cch ni bt v y p mt th gii ni
tm khng d nm bt.
trnh by mt cch l gii v gc
khut ca lch s bng ci nhn cm
thng v nhiu chia s vi cuc i v s
phn H Qu Ly - nh cch tn v i
TP CH KHOA HC HSP TPHCM
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nhng cng rt i c n trong lch s
dn tc nh mong mun m nh vn tng
tm s vi bn c, Nguyn Xun Khnh
s dng huyn thoi nh mt php thin
nhn nhn thu lng ngi. Tc gi
mn mt cu chuyn dn gian v
con co chn ui (cu v h tinh), gn
vi nhng a danh, cnh quan t xa xa
ca lch s nh Thng Long, ni n
ngun gc h H. Khoc ln nhn vt
mt huyn thoi, nh vn d bo cho
ngi c v H Qu Ly l con ngi
khc thng, bo trc con ngi y s
lm nn mt s nghip khc thng
nhng khng trnh khi tai ting ca
ngi i.
Khi cho H Nguyn Trng bn
lun vi Nguyn Cn v kh ho nhin
ca con ngi, nht l ca ngi qun t,
Nguyn Xun Khnh cng kho lo lng
vo yu t huyn thoi, Nguyn Cn trc
tip by t thi :
... Ti trn trng ci tm cao qu
ca ngi qun t, nhng ti tin vo s
cao thng ca con ngi. Ai l k c
gan ni rng mnh cao thng. Chc ch
mm nhng k tiu nhn vnh vang
trng tro. Hoc ming nhng bc ch
danh qun t nh Mnh T, nhng than
i! ch l o tng
... Kh ho nhin tc l ci th thay
sng i ni. Chng thm l g ci ming
th tm thng. Ci kh ho nhin tc l
dm ni dm lm nhng cng vic ln.
Lm m khng run s. Lm m khng hi
tic [3].
R rng l t mt khi nim tru
tng mang yu t huyn thoi ca t
Nguyn Th Thu Hng
nhin, vi cch gii thch nh vy ngi
c thy c ch kh ca nhn vt lch
s H Qu Ly gia tri t thin h.
ng thi, vi nhng vic m H Qu
Ly ngh, lm, cng nh tnh cch,
tm hn, v tr tu ca H Qu Ly m tc
gi dn sc biu hin, nhn vt cng
tr nn huyn o hn trong tm tr ngi
c. Khng c g lt khi mt cha ti,
l li ca H Nguyn Trng ni v
cha mnh. Ch c con ngi huyn thoi
mi c tm nhn nh vy.
Nhng mt khc, chnh vic to ra
nhiu trng nhn soi chiu vo nhn
vt H Qu Ly cng l cch nh vn gi
dng gii huyn thoi. Bi ni nh Li
Nguyn n: Mt t tng cha ng
o tng, la m, li b sng bi, tt tr
thnh s huyn thoi ha. Ch s i
thoi mi ngn chn kh nng huyn
thoi ha. Nhng khng phi bao gi
cng d dng to c iu kin cho s
i thoi [1]. Ngi nhn H Qu Ly
nh mt huyn thoi, k li cho ng a
st, a mu, Phm Sinh nhn thy ng
mt con ngi qu cng rn, ch
nhm nhm ci ch m qun mt s
uyn chuyn ca nhng bc chn i,
Trn Kht Chn nhn ng nh mt
ngi ti tr m nng vi, Hn Thng,
Nguyn Cn nhn thy ng mt bc
minh ch Chnh tnh i thoi ca
nhng cch nhn, ca nhng tnh hung
ngm gii huyn thoi cho hnh tng
nhn vt, l im th hin bt php
truyn thng m vn mi m v hin i
ca Nguyn Xun Khnh khi ha nhp
47
TP CH KHOA HC HSP TPHCM
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vo xu hng i thoi chung ca vn
hc Vit Nam thi k i mi.
Khc vi H Qu Ly, nhn vt H
Nguyn Trng khng c huyn thoi
ha bng nhng trng nhn ph dy
ngha cho hnh tng, H Nguyn Trng
li c nh vn ginh thi gian lp
y khong trng thi ca bng ci nhn
lng mn, nhng nt v m mng, tng
tng rt gn vi huyn thoi. L kiu
nhn vt tm l - tnh cch c tc gi
chun b rt k lng. C l, sau H Qu
Ly (m c khi cng cha hn) H
Nguyn Trng l nhn vt c sc ht lm
hin ln cc nhn vt khc trong tc
phm, v cng c sc ht vi c ngi
c bng nhng khong tm linh rng
m ca th gii tinh thn, c nhng min
hoang tng ca ni c n ma m. V
cng khng phi ngu nhin, nh vn li
trao trng trch ca ngi k chuyn
xng ti sut thin truyn cho mt con
ngi thn nhin lng l, tng nh
v tnh trc thnh suy, bin ng, nhng
thc cht l ang quan st, nghin ngm,
au n v xt thng. Nhn vt khng
c xy dng thin v hnh ng, m
thin v suy ngm. m mnh trong
nhng cc ru y vi, ca ni u su
khng g c th cha ni, nhng say, l
ngm ra nhng iu khng ai nhn
thy. Ch c H Nguyn Trng, mi th
di ngm ngi trong d m xt thng
cho ci p o, gi nua, thoi thp, lt
lng, ca s tn li, ca mt thi vng
son tri qua, m ai cn c nu [3]
ca cy mai gi trong lin tng ti qu
vng vng son v hin ti tn li ca triu
48
S 4(69) nm 2015
Trn; ch c ng mi thy c ni c
n ca H Qu Ly nh mt ca cha
ang nhn ti cu khn v ti cht
nhn ra ni c n khng khip ca
ngi bo l ni c n ca k thon
nghch cng c bo l ni c n
ca k lm vic ln cng c, mi bt
gp c nhng pht yu ui ca mt
con ngi y kht vng nh cha mnh
[3].
Cht huyn thoi nhn vt H
Nguyn Trng cn c khai thc ch,
ly nguyn mu t mt nhn vt c tht
trong lch s, nhng dng nh, nh vn
ch mn tn, mn hnh hi, cn li
sng to bng tr tng tng ca tc gi,
trong nhng cu chuyn nhiu khi y
n mc hoang ng, gi ln nghi vn
v s chn xc. V hu nh duy nht
trong c th gii nhn vt phong ph,
rng ln trong tiu thuyt H Qu Ly, ch
c H Nguyn Trng lc bc ng
bin ca hai th gii: th gii thc v th
gii ma qu, ca ci nghch d vn l
phng tin huyn thoi ha ca cc nh
vn hin i. i khi lc bc trong
nhng gic m bay nhng gic m, gic
m k l, siu thng, gic m ca mt
ngi in Thy cm gic len ln ca
mt vt g ha ra t thn xc ta, ta ngc
nhin ngm nhn vt trng trng m
chi t bn sn; ci chi y l mt b
n, mt du hiu c bit m ch ring ta
c, ri chi mc thnh cnh, v ta giang
cnh ra bay vt ln tri, i khi lc
trong m hn hng ma m va ru
rn, va r r i vo cuc xut thn m
trng thy con ma Ngc Lan lng thng
TP CH KHOA HC HSP TPHCM
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bc ra nh trng [3], khng xu x,
khng lm rng mnh sn gai c, m
con ma Ngc Lan ca ti li l mt giai
nhn.
Vy l, vi Nguyn Xun Khnh,
s dng bt php huyn thoi trong
nhng ch lch s, va l s gn kt
gia hin ti v qu kh ca dn tc; va
l cht liu lch s thng hoa cng
hoi nim v tr tng tng ca nh vn.
iu y khng ch c tc dng dn nn,
v m rng chiu kch dung lng ca
bc tranh hin thc c ti to trong tc
phm ngh thut, m iu ng qu chnh
l s th hin kht vng v tnh yu v
b ca nh vn i vi lch s v truyn
thng vn ha ca dn tc.
2.3.3. Yu t huyn thoi bt ngun t
tn gio
Trong th gii ngh thut ca tiu
thuyt Nguyn Xun Khnh, hnh nh
Pht gio cng vi nhng ngi cha lun
gn b thn thng, gn gi vi lng qu
Vit. Nh vn nhiu ln nhc n ng
ln Yn T - vng ni thing ca t
nc dnh cho o Pht nh mt huyn
thoi p thing ling v ni hi t kh
thing ca non sng, biu tng cho s
trng tn ca Pht gio v cng vi
hnh nh v s phn ca ngi cha lun
gn b gn gi xit bao vi lng qu
Vit.
Mt khc, tiu thuyt i go ln
cha cn l cu chuyn v nhng v chn
tu, m nhng cu chuyn v h cng nh
nhng huyn thoi. c bit, vi v s
vn c tht trong lch s l c vua Trn
Thun Tng cng c nh vn khc ha
Nguyn Th Thu Hng
bng bt php huyn thoi ha, nh
vua hin ln nh mt ngi tu hnh c
kh nng c bit, kh nng thng nhn v
thu trit ci thin v ci nhn th ny.
L nh vn ng i, Nguyn
Xun Khnh kt hp nhun nhuyn
gia yu t huyn thoi v gii huyn
thoi trong tiu thuyt ca mnh qua cch
t tn cho tc phm. Bn ch i go
ln cha khng khi lm ngi c lin
tng n hnh nh trong cu ca dao
quen thuc pha mt cht u-mua, nhng
ni ln c mt cch su xa mi quan
h gn gi gia ci Thin v s sng,
gia o v i.V cng khng phi
ngu nhin m nh vn Nguyn Xun
Khnh trch bi C trn lc o ph
ca Trn Nhn Tng lm t cho tiu
thuyt i go ln cha:
C trn lc o th ty duyn,
C tc thc, h khn tc min.
Gia trung hu bo, hu tm mch,
i cnh v tm, mc vn Thin.
( ci trn vui vi o cng ty
duyn,
i th n, h mt ng lin.
Trong nh sn bu, tm u na,
i cnh v tm, hi chi Thin.)
Hai ch ty duyn ny s V Tr
trc khi th tch cng tng gi li nh
mt li nhc nh vi Nguyn Trng (tiu
thuyt H Qu Ly). Cng ty duyn
m nh vn cho nhn vt s V y
rn dy hc tr ca mnh: Pht gio l
mt li sng. Ta c th tu mi lc v
mi ni [5].
Hng o gi tm trong ch
khng phi xa lnh cuc i m qun
49
TP CH KHOA HC HSP TPHCM
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
i nhng ngha v ca mnh trong cuc
sng. Cng phi chng v th, m
Nguyn Xun Khnh nhiu ln cho
nhn vt ca mnh hon tc, nh o
khng t la si dy lin h vi cuc
i. Thin nhin tng Phm S n (tiu
thuyt H Qu Ly) hon tc v mi tnh
vi c So, cng v vy m c mt ngi
anh hng vy vng thin h dc ngang
no bit trn u c ai; s V Trn
(tiu thuyt i go ln cha) hon tc,
v vy m c nh s cch mng ti gii,
An (i go ln cha) hon tc trn
ngha tnh vi Hu... ngha gii huyn
thoi ngay trong huyn thoi ca nh vn
cng chnh mi quan h bin ha linh
hot ny.
ng nh nh vn tng chia s:
C ngi coi i go ln cha l tiu
thuyt lch s, theo li vit truyn thng.
Thc t, ti a vo kh nhiu yu t
hin i ca phn tm hc, ca thc,
nhc cm, huyn thoi... [11]. Vi i
go ln cha, cm hng v tn gio ha
quyn cng vi nhng bin ng ca
cuc i con ngi v lch s dn tc.
Cng v th, i sng c miu t va
mang yu t huyn thoi va gn gi hn
vi bn c hm nay. Tng nh nh vn
kh a tr tng tng bay bng nh hai
tc phm trc, th nhng, ngn bt vn
tm c nhng sng to ring ca mnh
bng phng thc huyn thoi ha, khin
ngi c rung cm thm m v nhng
biu tng cng nhiu ngha nhn bn
m tc gi mun gi gm v mi quan h
50
S 4(69) nm 2015
gia o v i, v huyn thoi v gii
huyn thoi.
3. Kt lun
Xuyn sut c ba tc phm H Qu
Ly, Mu Thng ngn, i go ln cha,
ngi c thy c yu t huyn thoi
trong tiu thuyt Nguyn Xun Khnh
ng vai tr nh mt phng thc ngh
thut c sc, va truyn thng li rt
mi m v hin i gip nh vn o su
hn vo hin thc, khng ch l hin thc
i sng m cn l hin thc tm linh ca
con ngi. Nhng dng thc huyn thoi
bt ngun t lch s, t i sng tn
ngng vn ha tm linh ca dn tc
gp phn to nn bn sc ring ca phong
cch ngh thut y sc hp dn ca
Nguyn Xun Khnh. V ng thi, vi
nhng im mi m trong ngh thut th
hin yu t huyn thoi c bc u
tm hiu cng l ng gp ng trn
trng ca nh vn cho qu trnh vn ng
v i mi ca vn xui ng i Vit
Nam ni ring, vn hc ng i Vit
Nam ni chung.
Ch nhn ring t phng din ny
thnh cng ca tiu thuyt Nguyn Xun
Khnh khng ch xut pht t chn ca
mt ti nng giu vn sng v tri
nghim nh ngi ta vn ni gng cng
gi cng cay, m ci chnh l t tm
lng yu thng su nng sc sng v v
p ca truyn thng lch s vn ha lu
i ca dn tc. y cng l ci ngun
to nn nhng nt c sc v bt php
ngh thut ca Nguyn Xun Khnh.
TP CH KHOA HC HSP TPHCM Nguyn Th Thu Hng
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Li Nguyn n (1992), Thn thoi, vn hc, vn hc huyn thoi, Tp ch Nghin
cu vn hc, (3).
2. M. Kundera (2001), Tiu lun: Ngh thut tiu thuyt Nhng di chc b phn bi
(Nguyn Ngc dch), Nxb Vn ha Thng tin v Trung tm Ngn ng ng Ty.
3. Nguyn Xun Khnh (2007), H Qu Ly, Nxb Ph n, H Ni.
4. Nguyn Xun Khnh (2006), Mu Thng Ngn, Nxb Ph n, H Ni.
5. Nguyn Xun Khnh (2011), i go ln cha, Nxb Ph n, H Ni.
6. Linh L (ghi) (2006), Vn ha ti Mu, Bo Th thao v vn ha, ngy 11/4.
7. Nguyn Ngc (2006), Mt cun tiu thuyt tht hay v vn ha Vit, Bo Tui tr,
ngy 12/7/2006.
8. Nhiu tc gi (2004), T in Vn hc b mi, Nxb Th gii, TPHCM.
9. Hong Ph (ch bin) (1997), T in ting Vit, Nxb Nng.
10. Trn Vit Thin (2011), Huyn thoi trong truyn ngn ng i Vit Nam, K
yu Hi tho Quc t Nhng ln ranh vn hc, Trng i hc S phm
TPHCM, thng 12/2011.
11. Chu Minh V (thc hin, 2006), Nh vn Nguyn Xun Khnh: cp n nhc
cm khng c g l xu, Bo Thanh nin, (203), tr.15.
12. http://khoavanhoc-
ngonngu.edu.vn/home/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=337:-gop-
phn-nghien-cu-huyn-thoi-va-thi-phap-huyn-thoi-trong-sang-tac-vn-hc&catid=94:ly-
lun-va-phe-binh-vn-hc&Itemid=135
13. http://vietbao.vn/Van-hoa/Suy-nghi-tu-nhung-tieu-thuyet-mang-chu-de-lich-
su/20498031/103/

(Ngy Ta son nhn c bi: 09-5-2014; ngy phn bin nh gi: 20-6-2014;
ngy chp nhn ng: 15-4-2015)

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