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Neufert Architects Data Fourth Edition by Wiley Blackwell PDF
Neufert Architects Data Fourth Edition by Wiley Blackwell PDF
®. Acoorcnate system c= be sub-divided into varous eub-eystoms for diferent groups Df buiding sloments tog. load bearing stuctires, space ‘damaeating components etc). Itnas bacome apparent that sat alindvdual components hav tebe medula f.. each step is staiease, windows, coors, ), but only the bulerg elomerts they are comtirod io (og Sturcases, "acade or partion ements ete, > @. Fer nor ‘madulr buiing components which eantin alarg or across tha whole oulcing, 2 ron-modular zone cen be intosucee, Uihieh comltaly divides the csordinate system n> 60 Sub-systems. The precanlton is thatthe saz of the buling Component n the nan-medular zone ie aleady known atthe modular zone can only nave complotey sposifad dimensions BPO. Furer nays ot arranging nonemaciar uiing componente ara tha 2o-clledcanal positon and edge postion inmodvlar zones > @. The unes of the medubr system ae the Basie modula M = 10 mm and the multmodue 3 Mf = 500 mm, 6 = 620 mn tnd TEM 1200'mm, Ther ae also atindardeed non-mroduer Stpplonentayy dimansiens |= 25 mm, $0 mm and 75 mm fer iting eomerts er overipping comectons —» @, Combnann ‘les can be use of buling components of varios sis ' mods coordinate system, umber groups (29. Pynagors’ er tctoncaton (3. covtinued fractions) can be used to Mi nen-recangusr buldg components into s molar caoranate > @ The sonstucien polygon taverses (eq. tangle, squte, pantagen and ther hake) san be usa digi scale eure! ouing srctireeVISUAL PERCEPTION The Eye e*4 39DESIGN Phnas of Retrence Twolosy The typologeal stu of 8 buldeg gous out of the function and. alse fo 3 pesen onstuction and few planning onan? Sustion. tls thee-damersional oat a nd thaetore to be understand ‘Stree =| (3 ‘88. spatial theme. Semen Oem Seucue” @reccece rece ince, On, Oe einen) aR) Sbormtatiats “oemcicres, Sete RR as oe Sees, LENS aug loon oe a— ee buiding and devel fram the 8 town planning 0° lancscape fete statement. Th start hs a najer fence on the aunty of te public space ‘Architecturaeloments t a L) See Bedeatgnca m xaoping th the M1 grerat appasance and falon O cau Om Om design pencils jet ae much Tc ttn rau Test cea pice Teprmasiecenieeim gg tecnica requomerta and cvepciayimpa saa one igupameasicamrmacecos umiyemerte Fagades/opmnings > @ - @ A epering slements fam a graphical stuctute on te ou face of the wall A mature and tual prncipes car tas to =n : ar a of — Plastic ctoments —> @ - @ Functional components He O toacaee © oresingsennetee bbstonies and logge, bat alan ee ri ten Simaovonandomnnase tim eBiumne, form tree-simer baa the wal surface. The formation [ Ssaface should not mtr ih } Root + @ The clone of the roo! makes the bulking 3 hig. context and arcisetural a concep aro doce fr the © vores maces O con ® rseone section of atype of 0 © vo O wren @ wo reopen . 43‘sane nna © oeresrotespaicccrang [using (aang sang [Arconatining [none anece | iy Siew ns” ee ‘SUSTAINABLE BUILDING ‘Operation, Denton any ctor aro decisis for stinabiy of arti: ="elaonehis ote design othe lection an ihe baling = Fontempowy and agin! eppeaance ofthe desin = casi usabie ang eetve stuctres = dren of consvueton and maaits = suai ane ageing characterises ofthe raters used = ext er changes of use = possbity af conversion required ‘Tho intensive use af raw materials and energy inthe erection of bulings is normaly cornected with along pets of usetuness ‘This phase othelis cycle ofa ouidig ie treofere very sigefica. A signiicant part of the use of energy and raw materials takes pace tng the vso of the buldhg through the operation ef tezmica devices and instalatons. New buicings should abays be designed in accordance vn the curent stat o tecrnology ard exsing Suings should bo regulary checked to investiga \whother any vadatng (hermalinsustion,bulelg sericesste) = Pessileor necessary in oderio ensure energy-saving operat. Fradeitan tothe arabiy anclongit ofthe servees metalation, rmocharisms ané methods of saving resources should be the highest prot. zal, eyes snoua Be Sot up Ye enable te reuse ol wale and energy, Tho sie ae heath anathernal contort n he use phase = ininisaten ofthe energy, operating and maintenance cost, redeconef cleantgcost (pata sel-cearing ‘09, agades,rootsete) = mininisaten of he seiviing and maintenance 603. Palos and epuaticns ~ Energy Saving Regustions (ENE) = SIA eur ciecireal Erergyin Bung: Sues Engheere and Archteets Assocation Ressmnendations Bulking automation’ dtandarés Heatng astemsreguations (lek) YQ ii bere © recrctencteetmmte cme cea ar(© ence conecten ces he unl enn conton a © ersccvn toc ones Cost eximats ‘The cost estate is or the approximate doterinaton of conatrution eaets inched in wore phase 2 (preliminary sign) tis based an: {reels ofthe preliminary design (necessary ae 9 sete, 2 caleuabon af ne quanibes ef elrence units the cost soups 3, xplanatior anabulding descrinton 4. deli of po, uty supply and access. ‘The cos eetimato should cortan fhe total costs according to cost groups ath Ist lve of cast breaown and ths has 3 least Seren fume ef cos! data. The raqured desertion snoulé Cconespend tothe sate ol information of re preiminary eign Cost eaculaton The cow calculation is dened as ‘approximate doierination of he eanstrcton costs I is pal of work phase 3 proiminary ‘esign). Ihe basis forthe cost alculon are! 1. complete design dravings and fappropate, deals 2 Galeuaon of he quanties ef feletence units the cost sours {. Jecerpionsreevant the cateutton, ‘The costealealionshould deter De ta exes scaring te com groups down fone nev! of est breakeown ana eon 40indivsual tome of cos ata ‘The bulking éexcrpton shoul conespond tothe Meera fale of formation ofthe prolminay esi, (Gramings and tox ros Mecdormann, sighly aberovatd —> rel DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION MANAGEMENT Cconsiuction Costs Intuence ovor the bulking costs roduces very rpidly cura the ceuse of deagn and constuction. The pares invoved the preparation of the project have the areatestinfuenca aver tha bulging costs, boeauso decisions are mado at ths tims about te sk, voume te. ofthe project. In the futher cours of condructin, costs can be influenced only to 2 decteasing {egr00. Th fow of money bckavesthe ofr way arcune: tis tl ‘ay ral inthe preparation phase and nereases stops > @. Eficien: cost contol shoud tneetore aways attempt te apply tho Bales during he work phases ofa projet cortel as part cf work planning (material seoctin, ote} etmaty has by way et Contast ne roticeabe siccoss, HOA requirements HOAI oblgesthe architect to produce fou determinations of cost, uring he course ol desnn and constucton:cesteatimats, cost caleulaon, cost forecast, final cost statoment). These cost Getermnatiors arebasicservices pp. Sovb2. They ar reparded ac atic sorices with aspecal waghtng,Le.nogecting a cost, Getermnation canhave dre legal consoauences int case of 3 depute. sic rules of cost determination ‘This lassie the bulaing cose nto seven cost groups ae tho (cost levels > @.Eacncostdotormnation must o6 sTUCRES H the same way and oon of coined building books: 4. Statemonts about the cost inal cost groupe 2. Building description Details of VAT 6. Reference'o the relevant design work Cost trecast ‘out ing pace n work pase" oobi onan, 1 compl constectoncavings, eta, te 3 cleats of uate orterenc ints inte cost poops Sdn ersten wth exanatons ef contraston iting o ender, svar end ebsecy ecrved oe ths has partculrsignficance, The eos forecast should lod Bf cot breatdown and contin 218 individual cost dal, The to tho tatoo design and ine the tight dogon of tat in th curse ofthe desgh work. The purpose ofthe cost forecast et Produce & document beore tho sit of consietion based on deulatone, because Dis Is the ony pesibily of cost canta tv conection Final cost statement The loa cost statement serves to reed the aca cots acerved for purposes of comparsan and ceumantatin. Tho tina cost Ia based ont, checked invotes, 2, remagsurrnent quanties, 5. expinalion. Inthe fra cost stoemer, the otal costs shout beclaslied downto the 2nd ve of cox brentdovin, 65 oteFOUNDATIONS Repar Most bung defarts are caused by dam Rng damp torn the (gound san be caused by mnisang or detectvo up rooting aver, the feuncations or ela. missing & sited dianage or defective btwees ground ara wal rn When # ropst is undataken, it dso necessary te investigate eraged Hazon! demnp courses are faborous to realace, O raintemaicins TR trae wor need tobe caved cat very carey ecm 11 [tan seracee the capllary transport of maitre must be ntomupied. Euling fapance, car be costes Teaulng ftom evaporation can bs sbsorbed fer a lng time, att the durity af auch eomodal plaster ia sil Soneiderablyshoter than poster on a dy euctrate © rerrena stasis @ ines enotom te ae oa trent: nrteiirternbttere: ener eel ell erate 73WALLS fick ang Back Massy Lead-bearing walls Walls mich have te bearmorethan te s-eght en ane story scaled loa beeing wal Bracing walls rn Mason ean be secured by bracing wats and slats below are hove (hvae dmersina cel principe. racing wals ae tuldng | My n fog. mie lass © Foetvniwensrmess fr comaren Non-load-bearing walle ra alls which ste ony loaded bythe set olght and ae net used for bracng againet buckling sts caled non loac boating, Cutouts and chases can ether bo chased out echnical tr formed im bond by the brekloyer. The dota ean toque = es 8 Perimeter ie B : * —frenfaced eoncrte end constructed fogster ith columns = 2 land massive lor slabs. A spied vasfcation procedure c= © coemete ne xpi be usoe under corain crcumstances for the cosign of masony "Sm asm oto em eel “~ SS “A \ 4 © ren cation ior srry tesco @ eraser nee © Aer sc wn ton 7sys © reser ion aranine © verconnsemarnnsonsinn @ ouverpriraione, 88 weraximsacer Qk sy ne © cemrteantaronin ROOFS Pched Reafs Roof coverings Reed thatching + Q: 12-1.4 m leng, en batens, sparing 20-90 eM, fasd with ends uowatde a a thickness of =28 om ibate 3540 cmy. Lieime is sunry istics ED-/O years hal nat in wat dist, Wood shingle reof > @: of ook, beech ach neo, snusualy spnice. The etme o! wooden Shingles degands onthe quilt nd veatment ofthe mater, th intensity of preciption and the ptch ofthe rot Rule ofthur: dagoes of ool saps years sf ile. Yooten shingles are sutatl or covating al srtsof ‘uot Slate» @ - © at ptshes of 15-00" en =24 men thik Roaring ‘of 12 om wide planks, Ganded roofing fet (200 gauge} protests against dust and wind Lep =8em foster 10cm. Various Types of sting ae used fr roof and nal exverirg in Dormers: ‘exclisive’, ld Garman and "i, a well 3 dacoratve slang! imosty template slates auch ae shingle, she angl, fh eco sctagonal tc} Reasonably priced satng types: cectanguar snd extved-cut tompate. Tami slang i also cute I steGLASS Nee ex OPTICALLY VARIABLE OLA89 ~ Doubiojased ite whos rasmistion properties can bo 7 Akered are difeentizea ito svitening ard svvtchable uns Pema Switesing ante are candoned during production so that hey react autenaicaly 1 ceran infuoness (og. thermctropi unt). @ tigeronen a zy mw by chang ihe gi yer tnbetean te pas by suse enmne soohing avotage suet, © Seta ape eet sTieimioeopie ons SAREE) Lint seen main wena eet tas eae These composi unts react with aterations of temperature cere by chang ta char (rarer o opaque se cca wn a nase of to corpses Sh cert tet ‘stacion propia, wth algn tar suctees ety eta Socieg © terse sing te tocton othe yer The Seclae aeration is reversible 1 Electochromatic unite | tne rancmitace of hese unite can be ateed by appt & valage foe restive layer For itemaluse, hs car be aehoved fle futon reiaby oly between 40°C and +40°0). Other "Syston make use of he propery of seme materia to ater or it) Se ‘sual tranamttance ard cobraten wt tho absrgton er release a ons (by appiyng avotagn, rece untssresutane for extoral — i GAGE ans. cast Lass ropes q FH FH Sect Sts Ciestsuclny Cartbece useor | apptietions where obscure glass recuied (bathroom. WC) and 35 a design clemont, manera glass fo avaabie a whit ana Gg a a Uintec rv we glass, and whe and tinted orramertal wed ‘xcept when usedin ovarnead lang, tlase, laminated safety lees ed treraly Ineted Garis Units The stueturo is normally faced tothe outsde in order to @ scree Dawe ceorerene new # proper edge jot! the goes ony ligtly stvetwrd, tho stricture sido an be faced inwarse in ord le simpy lintetcases the float lass, toughened gass or lmninatd safety Fa in ‘Most cast glasses can bo futher processed to make toughened apace assets 7 mie | ‘The cimensions of doors correspond to the dimensions of matal Seamnwmear ties ti] pent ont caer eset comply with the structural requiemerts, Stuctured cast gle nd rintate toughened fat glass pares are avaiable, Pritable laminated safety gis panes can also be supoleg the composts “Sooty ce eons _| sell ented}, Sushi | isha | fens tar_| Whole glass door elements consist of ne or more oss oars. fe) sivfot)est-esr |] Meade elements andthe ang Furr posabiss se skin foczoa | Shee toca | folding, sogmerted arch, a ound arch door elements, Vavous Zora | seam | yoo-am | tts and gase stickies we avaliable, and sanead Spell cee sere sree BY ss 408| oO Sree 2a) (i oom ; Radar damping Radar fection damping ie a requvremnt of Gorman Ae Trafic Contr! (DFS). appiving fo the fagades ofall iarge bugs ‘Ne vicinty of avparts. Te purgose ist suppress the efecto ff radar sionals, hich ean oceur fom ‘ange fagade races, because these rected sigrats can load to also information the rar eceene of a” tafe contol and thus endanger ait tate Special comings can bo used to achieve hig damping through sbsorsion and phase delayed overayng fntortewce) of te fader sigal iting ane eingreoted fom tre msuates gia Because ol tho particular ‘equtamens for insulted gszrg, Ihe ghss stuctwe mist be speciesly called for every ppleton. Light and energy values sro dotormiad in each aoe ey the Gass structure, The lee! 9 ada” damping tequied opens on many factrs, nding th za ofthe baling ants ‘istane rom an ont fot racer agape, ‘radar ropors genera to be commissioned foreach pulang roman acemeited nate inordertadetrmine a quid Rat ‘ampng, The lace manutacurer develop a laze srucure and ths fsthon discussed wit tw natu, A othr fagade srt ave be hwesipated ors report ae wel in oroer 0 ake be recestary messes nfo account or constuction 112 GLASS cua Watling ‘Reols tagade i 8 angle ska eutain valing constuction wth 8 ventated eat at the rear, with appx. dD em. ane single- oF double gazed externa cadng panes, Suffer’ and convled hat dissipation must be quarantsed. The lagade panels can be sed al reund, on tuo sicas ar st points socording 10 official Standards and gudelins, Technical apyroval sreqaed fr paves fed at pots ra spscil-seae approval hes tobe pple fr The lugade pansls can be fly colourcoated en the back or partly printed by the seresn-prnting recess, Special comings be frm the vareds manuiaclureren arr to achave ole matzhing with slar cont glass. Sanples are necessary to ensures comect cobur mateh. Al ble edges must be fey sound ane poliehed ane nowvisnle ecges must ba gro. Warm fagade without ventilation at rear ‘ne warm ‘2gaco can consst of past ang ral cunain waling or storey-eight curtain waling clemnts In bath case, the non- transparent parts or parapets eve a gles panel, Te eoratrurion af the external pane! ean bo, fer examle, an axtemal fagage panel win the nacossay Herma insilauon behind i, Bickhas in accordatce wth EFEV, and an intama) lear which sled gait cision of wazer vapout2.g, duminum sheet ied forms cae be consiuctes, an adatona! glass layer f fet font ofthe iam eurtain wall n order ta ctesto @t¥2- SIemersiondl appeerance (os belo. fe pel rain the ayer that crane water then tis ala ware aged, Flush lass curtain wall Sppewene Afsutce goss mpennes spambots Technet prov cr sped casaappna The sitar seing Techie! Rye Now 270. 1-70) tat posses gonmal In-Gomany al faador over min height must have an eetenal mactanica fang ofthe pares. Al insulated glezrg must have 2 F fresesisan glazing has ony ited practicality for extemal tno, Roeauze the foaming fo-potactin ajar cannot be hosted over 50-60". This i only possible to guarantee for f Sujet tinct sunshina tafectve sin shading we preed ane guarentee, Sun soreens Sun sorcer are normally used 2s adional axtoral transparent sun shading layers. They const of metalic. oxie-costed toughen alas panes When nealing sn serenns, thr oaing shoul alvays be onthe vewher se, Sun eceans can, sccorcing lo offi standards end euideiros, bs Fixed all roune. on Ho Sides ora points. Tecnica approvals required for panels red a ponts, era scecial-saseaparova most be apoied forSeto waa Sl @ Seerseremngsnsird ee © Fesen ri Doors Garagelndustial Dears Up and over doors > @ can be used for gwages and simlar with 3 spring counterbalance oF may be single skir, couble akin, edi, parialy glazed, fly glazed, constructed of wood, plastic, lagest drve‘though cinensions ‘ite is eppror. 10 m*. Istallaion segmental sich. Operation is 9 ars door falcing ©, sectional deore 10, tlescovie ling doors ~ @ ard toler deors + @ made of luminiam, pus lage shgle and Imi-sken doers for ose in industrial bbldings, transport and werkshecs: ‘max, 18m wide ana m hah. Doors can be operated by: pull switches, ght Beams. nelucion rile remote sont eoract eds There ar ‘apié open Jugh doors, flxole FU oor ~@, wt siglo: waar lard impact-esistom clear PYC: XG oo ud ae tp cuin > (©. Single and dousle panel T30- “w fradeors-> @ ane sing to. ptccten doors > ® canbe tod Movable fie eitant il clsires uch as siding, tting of Ringed _ Srors mut ction independent ofthe oct tnd ee automatically nthe eaca of fro FFscherRogel mechani LIU aia ® Poesetwseaion asians spegeagLIFTS Priniles For al buidings, its should rermaly be postoned at the furce of tie flow. Provoe Sufcrent space for wating ane queuing Sp. 12D whch rust rot invnge on sais. Carly Flan the eoreectin too wae foutes, Thee are two difeent {00 systms for Its: 1 Traction sheave dive (or reeset omar Tagen see 2 Hyerauicits + © -@ “Traction te: ely Pave their — ives above the shel, The ase tmp weight of he ear and halt eles the ive lone are bates by he barrens counterweight. Placing the crive Ee H tho top erat the batom rast ta the shat males soceseary dibenal puleys, resuieg. Higher opeating coss. The rrachiery ana cont. sys fan te. accommodated in feparste michineroomor, nthe intr nee tac tao of ite without @ machine = fpom. paced in the shaft + ph ith rydrautc. fits, a push fylnder fs mostly used +O ©. Tro iting eyinder can bo ranged drecty oF eect The rangement of a dieet tbe under tho grourd 2 no Iomgor stable becavee of the Faquiements for Ino grotecton anger alesse Parra icsmtpem —— pull'eyinger » @ B-0 can be iesecdl Sone ae Srsstiomi= —Spproprate jn’ cero eneve. A Fall eyindor ints baele fem tans « part of the weight the car The has even more PD siti e: Pe pees | Sezomaeens = (S| 22 © mye waren Tah 128LIFTS ‘Small Gross Lis Small gnosis ae eae dus waite): payload =300 hg: car transporting baht goods, documents, ‘ood st. ot forse hy pareano The shaft framewer ie nomaly Shalt pit orom the flosy ane clad on I sces by nan farmat buena mmatorats. © - @. Caledlaton ot tho transport capacity of goods its 0. Tre folowing fem s used 10 estimate the timo, n soconds of lone transport eye Teaebeiteetd =e satgnesimumn tear smatznminwmnsice — @) Sratazeonm en 2— constant factr for ound ip inal inet tronic cece dnr I= hoight of the fit, ¥ = operating ae pond fi], Ly = leading ane east =e Unleading Ime 6), H = number of Sw soxewatm Wee [ata 5 ‘sn Sot |so0 f= time for acceleration anc ‘oo Se ‘9 tan Sen 90 Aecelaration fcrechofuccone Bw] == Po ae tg= to for closhg ard opening tho soo 2B OS He Soors 10's verte siding doors in The anspotaton xpscity can be ciuined fem the time for 908 rraneport cic, T. according tothe oem © eresrsrrene Tema ace Sas oO «0 £2. joumeyatnin Structural requirements: Tho machne.reom must be lockable, Fave eutioant lumiration and be of 8 size te provantszcidens. Ace for the machinery must be 21.8 m hgh. Foae its innosptals it sates walls. External pres-outton cortol trust be. prove fer eating anc despetchieg the lit torrem’ each © casei em aa =oys sopping pont So | am | Zoo (Goods itt re tose intended Si opiate of th Stopping precision ‘Goods ifs without Wave deay + 20- Passenger and goods ite with tavel Speod: 025-0. up to 2.63~.0ms, © srevsaremic teatae me 132“The eck ofa contury Armong the changes in secioty causod by indsstriaisation Since the riddle of the 19th century house bulldna ras Goveleped into cental activity of he construction nausty. Housing shortage and mass poverty becamea decisive politcal fimension which stil continued inte the 20th century due To the Word Wars Se ci The regulation and encouragement of house buiting is taretore an essential aspect of natenal constuction poly. Poltical instruments have bear developed in the form of coottSG® planning lave and balding requatiors > o. 56, ended to oes jm standards to protect pivacy avoid danger and Lave to subeldiee housing conetnuston ands repeatedly rnodifed syetem af fhancia grants and tax exemptions have ‘cetped hausing (property incentives, In consideration of the fumert cversupply at hausng and inrensig demand fhe ark garding ten and quality, the subsidy laws have been mended inrecent yea ‘The essontal subsidy instumorte in Gormany are: tho Law {© Subsidise House Building: the state subsidy for house building, Ind devin in the Law to Subsiise Secla! Housing f 1308/2001. The subsicsing of Fouse Builing Hnelucee the new construction of fae wth subsicieed rents, the new onettection of avine-oecupied housing, the purchase and rolurtishment of exising houses and the purchase ef rigs of eceupancy, (vantathe size detaia of subsidized houses ard apatoaton owa inthe relevant Rousing subsidy regulations — ©. The Soract housing avbeidy gfoup ae houecholde whose ineame oes vot exseed the level spulated inthe laws are equations, ‘ith csabled members. The subsidy is the form of loans at Certfcates ana tre pronsioncf emsap auld land {ii holon proves fr a ied pated subi tom tunoroccoiedfatu and hover. Te tet pou for tie in id down inte lan. On account of tho curt over sino mining hepato! neon rhe ne ten 136 BASICS Heuse-uldng Plcy Housing area regulation The Reguation for the caleuation of the hovsing area’ of 25/7 72003 fa used to workout fhe aren of houses an fats for the parnose ofthe Law to Sues Hove Sucig, Th area of a hoizo of iat cludes the oer aoa af all ooms which belong Bxclusively tothe Reuse of inthe case ofa rsicental heme ho ras intorded forthe slo se oft over = @. The faor ava ofa room fs determined fom the chararce soace af the bulking eemporent ~ @. Tho ear area ts measured inthe raving, Foor ares are calculated aceoring 2» Q, ‘tiene nen ig Fie ete dia “dewsea en tne ep peme ae KW Subsidy Bonk The KAW Subsidy Bank's publi bed with te eaptl provided by the Federal Repute of Germany tnd the sees, The main empleo setts the praviion af avaurabe lane forthe fencouragement of house buiding, The subsices a nthe form ot S bubeidy prograrme ith fixed ane, Curent (autarn 2008} he Following programmes are astive KEW property pogramme forthe building cr purchace of oper occupied howses end ts, Ecolegeal buleing for the censtrastan of passive houses, KAW enerey-sating houses and the stallion of renewable energy heating ystems Housing modernization for the medersation and repar of resident budge. with fmpaaa en thereducton ef enegy eeneumetian for sngle measures itonded fo reduce the energy consumption Solar electiity production te finance photoetaic ystems on residential uiings|ae Sooo eee fae $f | a J 1 i th +tett tht paoeas | EL. So 140 ACCESS Passage Access Deck access means hat the nda! storeys of block of fats wassages, which are connected 0 none e more nteral. rong o fa stancing fixed vertical stuctues (ssa, tts). The fats se ouanised aig the aagsanes anal on tno sides ot on theese (th an mera functan zen), The passages can be anged itera (ternal passage ~ ©) a aleng ar extemal Suiace (external deck») They have faith conaponding dealing) the apoearance of semipuble street ~>. 109. The routs of his Steet det Front aa for inemal peosagee ult) wall tthe fat preduces & tendency 1a ve sided orentation of he fa Ta vai of possibile vith tha access type therefore resus from the layering of rult-storey and mezzanine resicential unis, whi forthe rossibity, by buliing ever te access passages, of double-pec! ving on two sis ofthe fi al | os Intornat passage I? the aceese passage fs sid the bude, ths is called an itera passage block -» . iththe auto, Ing on one level lends to siglo orintatian, fs turoore better lo chide teeldeta unis ever to er tor stores @ fore). Extemal passage Ian xleral passage bulking, the horeontalaceese slong one lang side ef the stueture » @. The open passages net without probleme under the elmatc eonations in Genta Europe, din Sedan isnormaly pret! oplace only subsidiary roams next to theexteral passage + © fa sulale for fate and studs + @. lis belle he resident lint extonde over two or more soreyt > @. If feo lvl ste staggered by jst hall @ storey in height, this produces Iavowable precondilons for tne overlapping of functions tnd stratifction @ (e. The range of possi varatone fs Therelore considerably extended i the reaigentia untae nat tho same width for he entre depth ef the Suldng, but rather verapped ith te neighbouring un Honzantal access to every second storey + @ (b) peenite arable awangemers of lag fesient: UNS on dient lovels combined wth sal unis atthe extance lve. Good Sxteralpeseage zones. Syrmaticalstackitg of maisonettes or to lint the numberof heizantal cess pon,FLOOR PLANS Fats Central eariar pon © ‘re cena condor pln To He clisic oor pln a ate 19 the te acades ard are eapated by the oad bea mia ‘cies an eat epartey Corn nl ese ean a poricol quitocci topes nieofebuling. © ee rt tant an stern ‘There inatual ging 9 aliing eae and, wen te bung © epee unit central cover canbe widenedinto scent hal ‘re cetral cordorsiyletat baccessea etrer miatyorsceways ON through a frat zone. Inthe age of funetonalyneusal ts, the Pa” ental 2orraor pla is S's papular ana tunenenal yp, tt t | Le eeseL ral © rset dunto rm nest Grouped roam flor plan + The idea ofthe grouped oom floorplan develoned atthe start of the 20th cantar and fe based on the separation of areas Inside the apatmet into two team coupe" the ving teasing 00m, kichen and shing aes) and the seeping area (bedrooms. and bathrooms} The characteristic fetus ofthis tye ef grouped room layout Combines the two Bedrooms and the Bathroom ine one spa Ur and is aeparata fram the ving reas by = doot The apa Sseparaton ofthe two room gaups is inended to produce less of space fr sccess. © cersncmn (Central function zone -+ © In bulings of renter copth, the cana ea of the flat san be viendo fom azoneo! subsiiar/space andthe facadescan be Ccampleely used fr iving aees. Saivoons wih artical Ightirg forlt indict tom ofr areas of tha fat), ktchers, evaboaed ard stoage areas ran be placed hee, ard aprroprice passages land spaces cove the connection the outsse roams. Wcdened contral corvider — Asan atomaive to > @ in tee-standing point houses +p. V2 £. tre contra ares of hs ft oon be usatily widened to or a9 lat-purpoce)lving oom as the centre ef the fiat The resulting space serves both as ling veom and access anit inrectiy through the cher bom or dist through appropriate recesses inthe cade (eg. ecessed balconies The al-purpese room is typobgicaly comparable tthe atrium, ard ideaty fens etuncvoralnearalcormusicatn (and py fea. A defiits functional (ue) descrition is, however often | |bee Rooms Keohane Working processes The layout of hlehen shoud enable tone and tine saving ekg In aedento a sstasieanargomens ard wotone p. 149, orking recess ceed wh opposing workigps > bo be used 39 two poops at ha same tna in is samo area the ‘wedge andapplances ae agers aranced + @. r igh eusboarls and shelves should autably nsitined ilatie tothe workin ates and shou! be comforts to rach > @ @. Wiostops placed at he carect height forthe evant act fen mae htchen work considerably easier» ©. Kichens are requonty ssed ateas of ths howe and sheuld be amforabo snd easy to slean » tis. agood doa a set window sila a «sutable hight above the vorktop so that windows c= be opened wehouthavig to Gear the wektop — @. “0. Troarangenent a’ switesos and sechetsana te ational thar pipe should be taken inte acoaunt nthe planing ae 0 ears oe @ Eee tan contePL Rooms Living Areas Live seae ae eseaorsed ito those with shared ooms tea ard ding rooms, ktehne) ainda private eam or on fortwo people (aarents!fedrcom,chidren's room, quest mom. ‘his diferetiton leade to the conventional form lyouty percully in commercial howe buleing But the way ving seas are actully used is much more comple rl vated: Gediooms loday are oten used for wotk, play ad reéaxation ee thus have some af the functions of shard rooms sment worth considering, + @: en indvidual room which can be used for a ible range offunctons, thasan are of appre, 12 m,ineluding mover fora wheelchair ané posse extension onto a pee baeany. ‘badrocms with minimal space of aporoe. 13. fas 2! room or twin edioom) and approx. Bon (angle ram, ‘These would normaly be ald teas of southeast (parents) farother port ef the home, +0: te options ora genetous wn bearoomot 185 mF which could be partioned ter exampe, fe chen 2 they grow up ~+@: smal independent indvcual aes with shower roam ard ‘The conventional Iving room as a shared resent roam ard prestigous ace oftne Reuse for viens lncrensingy developing into a mutt-unetional eammuniestione zane, vhichhas te ser ima needs of esicens, but aso guests aa Warors 197 Pesidentia iRooms attrooms Details and ting out The former standard valid for movement seas n batvooms wee tharann without replacement in 2007. because ft nadeauatey ‘onaldeed the reqaremants cf discbed people, The dimensions {gvan here should ferelere considered as azsolte minimums Because of the high huni) and resuting condensation, the sirlaces must be easy to clea, Wal ard ealing aster snout be abate absorb and raleace encugh moistus. Floor corer Sould be sufiioty slip-resstant. If tore is no launcy roo, ‘he balroam must be designed with spare ane connections fora ‘machine, wastor/dyer ard laundry easket. Inaddlton, the flowing sheuld te included inthe design ef @ erstowe tenants Oxia tn lookable medicine cat | ‘ © rrremmuengacecrwanegmtine 161ROOMS Subsisary Booms CComnmunal storeroome Inada to the stoerooms or sorage epsces: i each ft, fer resdentid buidias in tulding classes 3-5, the eulding regulations require en eaaly accessible (commua) stowroon for prans, pushchairs ard bieeles. Coresponding areas shoul feo be provided in otter rsidertal baloings ard cetached houses, Fer the dasgn of these rooms, i can be assumed ‘hat st least ane vente per cccupant jcludng cle) has to be accommodated. In addon te bieyles, prams and pushes, itis alan necossay to consider mopeds, teres, rae tc +0. Tre ooms soul possble bs located a sto level be eckable ‘icles. The canbe lout a torsoome nid the oul) scsoon fo the entrance) or ae sepunte Bayole sheds > @ - @. 2 sufciant numberof actions icy stands shouldbe priced Inthe open a partewal if the torroamas been stustd inthe cel char Tre slerage space presided for each fot nomaly consis ef fstorsom inside the Yat ~ p. 162, and an addtional space the Mt. Ths is nermall posed asa car computer S20 O,bucansisa be provided expansvat aa parking shed ine gounds, ala stereroome sheud ba cy nd wl verte. ‘Natural igtrg ew be recommended. Aporopratecetang oft index opening can optimise helen eterng > ©. ee 0 vn —— 165i104 HOTELS. Reams Hotel oom accaunt br thelargest share of hotel by sea. The ‘ual of ote reoms &an essenialetterian forthe etaustion of {hotel by a quos. Taiinaly the verd has beento stencrdise ng schematise oor plans snd aranganents > @. Fiodt220—H=220—p.4 In light of the extended signiticance of the hotel room livng, sou a eat goin ac relation work and sleeping room), azhitects nama tema to answor ho aconome and tecnica roquraman’s by raflecing the demand for comet though epatia ivcion. whe stil meeting ns forindviduaty and deatiy @ ~ @ © rine ere eee lot tures, according e DEHOGA excerpt) Inn Associaton DEHOGA) thore are fve cetogoros, cssentaly Aelormins bythe room itn and nto 1 Star (Tourist) sna oom 8 ry, uso ream 12m? frinimam [Near 7S%ofths hod roams. wthoutbathreom) be. ware Seal, vashoasinin tho oom ocopton ae @ sparta area 2 Stars (Sandan) 28 bore. mut ngle mam 12 mv. dbo ‘em Foor 16 (inmum area for 75% ofthe eta rooms, ncucing © ecm ssstnen bathraom and eomden, bathrocm in room for 70% of hotel rooms, est por bed, elaurtlayeson fo 70% ofthe hots rooms) 3 Stars (Comer: a before, but single wom 14 my’. double ‘oom 18 r= {misimu area, soe abox), bathroom in oom (or all ropms nthe hot, tlophone,rocation area with seating for ‘Cup. independent rcopten 4 Stars (Fst Class): as before, bot single 20m 16 mt, double room 22 minimum ara, see above, minansmestveazeh With coffe table lobby wth seting a anes sonics stars (Laxuryl a hotor, but sngloroom 18m, ble room 26: (minimum ze, 90 abova,29% ef the hotel poms sutes fat Issel two}, cach with ay srmehairaola per ted, actenal ‘washbasin in dovblereomsand sot, sdltonal cao aevsion mines, reception iby. eerste nt hcg om trie an nt NECATERING Resteurant Kitchens Hot hitchene,cenespending to ther min functions cooking and roasting ~ contain fining zones and some oral of the faloring fqupment cocker {wo 19 wight tings), neressingly mobile hotplate, extactr haed, water bole, fast-cookng equipment, Stora cooker steamer eatometiestmer and resus code, combination devee,vater kath (bain-mari), baking and roasting ven, roast and gr alts, fying pans, staged rossing even, chip an, salamander ceuiaion machine (a raze goods), sictonave ben, continuous process autortie roaster ane baker Lage 3. adc equine © sunestemeasanven tomatic sppanoas ao std ony in vary lage kishens tongs soe OO sorepas nd vorsngaufices aude laeted atwean apolancsa and at the end ofthe bck, ln edeiten tthe xed arangemantn fe Beck, mobile applances are rereasngly feng sed, whch san be adapted beteto preducin changes and ae easerto ean.» @-@. Colakitchens shauid nave slayostogeallyslannedn paral to crvenne the Pat then and be coment fre nme) sete snd Seon bread oe The egl’ equrent ay reigrtorundeover cabs the cad tab, va eutg and sng machi ead, cok esas 2s meat ches) mung nace scala ctng boas saa ween tabi wh ower cald sabi, tester o slmander, rouse eons ven and suc werkng ana sorage space ~ aa Serveyforrestarantctehene wih counter or aleve, eal sills betwoet the preparation ates ad vie doiag roam. Thee Epanan mie ‘shouldbe aufiint eral apace, «hot cabinet with Rested pistes cet © tener naan Stu hn land acool zone or cou foods, Clackey shelves oF uppet Tags, arseaer ule cortiner In ge businesses, ao basket, plate and soup bow depersor Crockery reture the diference between washing crockery and Scio thar oun aes of he savy = © @.n sein fo pot washing, smal Khare natal also weure dihwasters Under the werKon a on bu alo tunel and tay bach ‘ortopo, cong, sting and pece br Recroney, » @ 0. “cota ne © ‘rcommniomnaiest — @ ovwetenesseiion Sat a sane cana umm mecing eos wd ies, neta For more than 10 employees, a restoreak roor is necessary {wonllace ragulatond t's mmpertant that changing and socal ‘ooms are rear the kitchen to avs staff havng te cross unclean ‘€b.ar changes por hur and privacy Provide eachempleyee with diffrent street and working clothes. Guidelines for tho tot: Vee woe Vip forint QC and wnenbaan 5-8 mand fr the shower nae TEE rate tan fre mae or female employes) washtasn and —{ aM oa appro 58 pert Ventiation and extrection according to YO! qudelne 2052 © sencencnan @ stsesenaueot age ttc od be eapond th mach! 8” sis = = td etacion, Biv the a at sach cater and un tio == See Meena th pena Singh hosba recteuaton. BoQ Isles thonentpeditonton te spplances reo sccounteg.raion Zs Cchsersmertniennaai _ovencantdie tn bee patron CLs a it omer] yrs, soning ay Ae ee nn i=te) 8 SEs ieee, piel @ terme semen feist an GY Meson fmt 180a (eed 184 YOUTH HOSTELS. Ceneral design ates Traditonall, youth Fostols havo ofored reasonably. priced sccormocation for young people, yuh groups and creo! claseas, put the ange of services of amodtin youth hostel seo includes meetings, couses,sominars, edveaion 0 yeurg pceplo and adults leisure facts, schoo! ts, and walling fer singles And families. hurl avoae, tore ao chidrens hosos (yp to 39° 19) and youth hestols 13-1), and in towne tore eo youth guest houses ofering urietand ctrl servees, Th tendency among youth hostels owas the3-star hate standard. p72. with Sees! 120-160b00s. Bettroomein hostols consi of 4-6 (maximum 8) roms groups ww lndor rocm (ore bee, ono folding bow ae day couch). ane in gusst houses 2-4 bodroams,leadertoacror accommodation is te separate roms fr parents and chor. Soye ard gis aro Comior wi a number of avid dows, which can bo locked ‘req for Next). Showers and wachaasine connected thereome,separte WC laecosutle for dsabrel people) lockable luggage sloe, Clearing rooms an each fear and shoe sro! cleaning roam Lounge and meting poms: One room per 20-75 beds Multiple dining foems, rl purpese. areas with iveual corners, telat, letureroom dinrg room also atte for event, same hurmtar of places og beds, entrance haliecaplion and offi for the warden. Oudoor cameina ava {éoor io santary lacie sports and games, parking for buses and cars, garden forthe Warde, Irie, separated noise zones for able tn, hobbies ne workecoms, Utility area: kitchen servi individual partons oF aroup mele faving troleys, no sel-servee counter tly rom, sat lounge, Living areas: ft forthe wate, bedrooms fr sa, 12-18 UK'issuer: uty estos, for inancal reasons and bocasso they are fraquertiy losated in sense sunoundegs, ae olen conversions of existing buldings. Consequantly the UK Yeuth Hostels Associstion (VHA) is relctant te impose dolinive shoei guidelines, Howeve: some ste appted, expecsly regarting fe sally ard space pe bed: revere Bocnee Broan@ snot gras tere 188 @ ssraor meters CHILDREN'S DAYCARE ‘ecess and Buling Foms The design of fects for shidren should conscer their needs tne a, There are ne regulations or guidaines forthe conse: tion echieren’s dayearebulengs. Toreguatons ofthe relevant Slate and fe LEO are usod ab cuidelnos, Access bulléng desig stands aro recommended Children's daycare centre Tis tor cludes reohes, Kindkgrtens, ster sehool cae a. The cavears corte organised so thats mitue of chen with all-day and pase arangemans canbe looked ater. Crbche, nursery Caos for anal eden trom babs ones years ld. The soup Kindergarten Look aftr chidrn fom min. thos years old unt they ge 0 School. it may be possible or them to eat lunch and seap. The ‘noup zo s gorealy20 chr. Fort care of ssh! age children und years ld. Lunch sor ishmants te of combined wih Kvdergarens and te groupfence i909 tao — 160} SCHOOLS, SpecialstClassoems ‘hue cde testing Seachingracteal. practi, preparion tnd meng votre, Gono ad to Wo oie tng ‘Some for beiogr piyses ad emit) spp 2 0 pare + Fortes anidemensiaton pot 481m oO oo Danette patel eon er leew, che fy wi toagy an pinch, hamy and Dolo ope © mares ctimuanocnw, Teg» @, fone to fr aca an caress oa in the subjects physics, biology ard perhaps chemistry approx. 60 I nh pomarty tae conn anny wetng, A Suse tana erty bcm pay 0 {ror oto wih arta igi Pack! om br ppl, cotakrateg gap tn logy and pyscs oso tre Stay ack won, paces cdo neat pon, Sea percemotesinn appre, Ire Fopraton modiny eres ore combines orange act: ogo oppo 30-40 m spre. TO Sisodigw besien Uo stome ev Ts sou a Donat } Cat esetver i ee inert lotion th are ging, xan Musi andar teaching ase Roo fordrawng stonkdtnve anormal ah. possible fromthe north, Musi rome shaud have an appropri lays Srna ea tnd sound insti to veld cskrbing fhe aches, ‘Technical acting ‘Workoome should bo arranges to that aching n othr roems 's not dstrbod by the noise. The woking area shoul be sub ‘ivi ins the vrtovs media (aed, papet ret plese) and ideal be located onthe greund foor Photo laboratory The phot boats fea dk room for cost work one onl: rent tabiefor 23 puis, combined wth wel working seas or rogatve werk fin devlopmant and a fm stocage oom. I possbe itshould be nortacing witsconstantreom temperate. Space qurenent:$-14 wp per werk reap, a. 2-41 por won pace cr Ago hriet hry Ue SES aaine Fetsreeowmay Bi © see an i spc a. eae 8 Sg men neeeret 192‘SCHOOLS, "Made! Room Programe for Primary Scheals 4 classes Bclaeses assooms 24-22 soos 4 20-288 400-525 multiourpese rcoms 2 mt ot n Teaching equipment roam 138 t w|i Py Specalist classrooms %* workroom 16 2 1 2 ‘Sie bom 2 1 a ule oor 2 2 akin | School ibaryimed 50 n vtec, | Administration 36 102 Soran sea_|headteacher's room 1248 60 teachers reom 2450 2 “emganats| stk nom 49 ‘ 7 “Secs |parerts' meeting room 1 + chen cerry mit lt 2 si oom wat weit 18 nity areas u 6 oom or eesning materials 2 1 2 oreo 1 mot % Caretaker’ Nat 1 % Spor hat 1 co Open-air sports taciltios break areas vith gyrate a 00 1200 lay equpnent schoo! gavéen| 150 300 Playig ela ‘ten 1 pen ‘00 mtusek ayaas ong bmp teclty Stacks syrmasics awn 40 +09 general classrooms 325-300 sata sehod lrerymesia centre so 2 ey areas 24 68 Total 445-510 20-1004 papi 4c 42 196UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES Examples of Lecture Theatres © rennin stoner troten, 2H etinat 200 wavs anh2600 \g © Bern sneer ste wat, Seon ant © eae cqupmrnnan temran, serene @ errr tee to ae © ryscrinosay none 204 UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES Laboratories Cold aboratories ate ysed for tate reauing extieme tomers ‘ure candens, photograptic work and ae dasrooms. Wotk- ‘Ooms witrout equipment istaled alse beleng inthe close b- ocidlest rooms for laberatory state corral rooms fer gone slorage, chemcal sores and Wesus, with par ‘ular safety measures: sotepe Sores with decay cantaners se Animal aberstores area special caso, with roms ior keaping hs animals, wich have seeealoquigment approoratets the species ‘nd reque their own scrulaten ‘The cetormining dosign unit for tho lakertoyy workstaton isthe ‘sons tagather wth the associated work and passage aroas d fine he laboratory avs, whch forme the base spat ent ©. 120 om with im pracica!aboratories, sovera)finos that in rooren lboratarce, SD em Sopth wor aurfave insuding socket sep 0-0. Dock eystam: element widths 120 em, fume cupboards 120 and ten = @. The Socket stp an dependent elorent wth allalectety up. we whose wot surlaces are of ariel stone pana thet fonts Sckdom tied. and chemical resstant plaste paras, Lowivel Cupboards ao of wood er plate coat chiboad. Supoly sr ‘lens are fed from abs out af he ring cavity or fram Boe ‘trough the oor structure, Of low- or high-pressure systems, tho latter are pariary woo- ‘ommended tor mul sored ntti buldings wth age scat a ‘equitomerts, in oder o redves tho diets" crosssoction, Cook sy and hunication as reqrod.veration squpmeet has he highest denan for sce of al seieasinsttatons ‘ave aia vertiiton ane extraction biology lnorateras 4 moe lin the extaetion aes Eloctical instalation Each bulking wil ned its on tensformer station the mumbors ‘of comecions a high ar fspecaleleztey supgles ee spec fed, Electcal srvice rooms must be oncisad fre rest walls and may rot be cossed by athe ipowork oF cabs,0 som Coe | Sesame o Sam 216 THEATRES. Workshops ard Saf Reams Workshops for roduetion of scenery The ares Tequd for scenery werksheps i 4-5 tines the ran Sage area or medium sizes thanres (heates and mui purpose theates), lage opera houses or double testes (opera and heave), 10 times, Werkshops. sar cutside the build Should aluaye be acconmadtes on ona level. The Werkpace equations and thee technical ales and the vork gratecion ane eecident prevertion los of inser have tobe taken mo Bcecunt inthe design. in some cates the company and caliecva Sgreements with he employees can sls have an fic, Seenary workshops are catajosad as folons: 8) Parting oom The Toor aes must Ge designed to accoumosate two lege backdrops or ‘efloramesunchotizanta - curvad beckdreps) roledout on the Teor for painting, The arerege sizeof acycorsms 1510 280m: hmast bepossbletosub-chvidatheream wha tack utan for spraye wark, Ago reauted are sndertor heating 12 ay the pahted backérops; weacen fkors for spreading out he anvases: 9 gallry fom wich la check tha wok Wing on tho floor The panting room ls ested next to th soning ream ith ‘ze abolt Yl the ining roam) ering tre piecas efmateral 5) Gapenters ston ide ine Bench and machine eam it has weaden foors snc an agavring tmter star for 3-T0prodictions 2) Upnelstery: appro. 1/10 aaa ef pairing rom. 4) Mecalwork asearpanters shop, sersded aot 9} Scupture worsshos 1 Woxsneps sroula 2a grouped ound an assomy room, which Serves to test-sesambe the scenery ard has the same toot a8 85s sage. The neigh shoula be proscenium Pus 2 camer 210m, 8) Changing, washing ana vest (centaen rooms ato beprovided for tecmiel staf, ard offees for the technical management. Funner workshops for sound, Igling, props ard costumes, lo 5 requad [precuction intnsity,parsoal squipmen Personnetrocirs [Aste taf. staga maragar administration. Historically. gesonnal roms ware stusted on bath sides of the stage: ot ads, ht gentlemen, atheugh tis was operational smpractieal. Today these roar arclocated enone ace, apposte th technical sce fn several floor. The incuses makeup, fequsntiy ao the ostume workshop, acminsation andstage manager Bressing eoms:-> @- typical eorplans. O istsCONCERTHALLS Technical Requiemerts, Oman, Orchedra Thare Is litle stage equioment:elaments of oor structure in the sea fer the orchestra, acjustable wall and cong fates, transport ada, cudspeakes an iahtra eaupment Lifts to extend/educe the stage Large concert tats nave special Conpartnentatsod systems in the orchosta area to mako various orchestra configurations possbl, enaige tne zago aoa or mavumise te namo of seats inthe hall by placing seating units on ts. There is also transport cr tere Urlween bessne' and sag, secica epice Sie th tod an ow alsin sped Mobie seating units The tog plato canbe lowered to alow a smaller sage and SSRIS he potonng ef adtaral ecg, wich ean Bein the fom of SEL mobie un oe pie” Orchestra stage sre ns tormest one, Poa ‘Fecal pa Modular system with flexible stage options for music groups. 1G Transzort and storage is on storage wagons in the store room. vei Pome Bg Ses tage 18 | Cho platorms wate Fle 23S EE | Miter wee ce nin ae Sug ftom ate ES ue |S tro a old aio sae ad routed to sits fig qtmts | Seas site| sts/ "53" | atte ted chor soning: song n bon pes soe economies [—y-Vrmnasis!—eotgo | — eas T8121 2-4] _Ancese is vin detachable balcony elements inthe chok seating © oeryeamtena psig dea op lempeary arson the cho lator, (eS ‘Nea coneting of thes rows inthe austerum stall, can be condtons, na eto ways: moble seating uni, mobie mong desk, oF emp (2g. fguectmusciane bring hat own ming oak Ccyclorama scatfold Mototsed tubulr scaffold, uaos to fx cutaine and barn, Fy es portale stage fghting ané other prductin lemons at the b Fear el the stage, and anf requred be partly or compieoly i Wd smanted Organ buit into the concer hall 220 ign musty ad ocntecraly fraiche space es Ose pe Chiereiert pointers er Bi CT \ hack wall being ideal, vee-standing and nat in a niche, Ty n=) Theseedponen bnvouneobehal acan postin ine © Srweranmoret Rarina Tebete he salto he bien oe, cot, manormineo-8 "oi tap lhe oes Nasi shud ke aed: 1-2 mfr Cn SS the cant and mins enor tng acess blind the cra, mine nhwe wc evan woestoogsr 0. Se MSM eee Sa SS ‘mobilz); this is placed near the orchestrs, so the organist becomes UE Bre ene omer may) on f fSrgan-> @+ @ Necessary able connections shoud bearovieed. @ rcorsciracmeret Orchestra sizes and yous The various orchssra seating layuts emery German and today most Aenean are important forthe sourdin toa = @-@. The Plowing sizes of orchestra ae eval today m Europe and North amerea: lage symplony ohesra wi 60-190 musicas Siete J his and chamber omtesta wih 25-40 musicians ths dtomnes [is ESeye th allonl space mauromonton tw tage (e3 Savane © comwivrmnnisny 8 Gere teipag pax, 180 220Sj =| — CINEMAS Mutiplex Cinenas With a number ofsereens of aio sizesin re bldg. multipin nena ae atten combined wth shopring ents, ar parks ae | vehi requre artensive paling space ~ 225. Te auitonums se reached via common enrance ard sometimes sacked, On © Keer coer susie EJ hear sigirg to the nevi scans isimparant. Tha lccaton of the serene in relation tothe entrance ayer shouldbe eeeordng | serem in avant loclionien the act ruts ron the foyer. The SSzesof the sing adtarums depend onthe raqutements of he | =} desks dependent on te nunberafseat;appron, bn? far ere! aah douk:for 2500 seats, approx 6 cash desks, r es ae ea cea The entrance foyer shouldbe of ginatass preporins, cary lad ut atd ata prominentiocaton ini bing Wincludes the rain 7" nance, fsederink counts ard access tothe seers. 8 the acess poins to the isvidual sereans on diferent flor, thre ane normaly sions foyer wit bar courters, NC st. Tha main foyer shouldbe af adacusto size fer evens ipomiées, a presentations et sie ‘inersa carcept, counters stould be provid in central locations saeco Cinema avditorum th wall r the side walla near ta. Crose-oassages should be proved sea connecten betwose te dears or at = sG9ntance fo osc tha side aisles > p25, Projection oom Miu tom size: 850 x 2.80» .80m (Wx DH. Poiection ‘wind esa aparon. 13025) » em (one ot we pjecar) Fm an be aupslemented by vdso projctes. ard space ould also fossa be provide for rorzonal im ry ecument and contol desk The ptfom under Ne projectors srouls be whation-Hes. A noi lavel of approx. 79.¢8 must be damced to 20 <3 by the 22:Cin orc to protect fm copies anc equipment. Subsidiary rooms These are Io be provded 5 recur: offes fo the ma cotary avd employees, alehve IT room, sist reams hanging rooms, las’ ara gers’ WEs, staf rest oom For the foyer ang focd'dinkaten:catang sara, cauntar sto, 2c! tom, room for enpte, rubs oom, claring equipment ‘oom stores for loaning fn and decortion 0 mre grint top ctntae nt Vatcrene we© werarmeeateinare 228 Z008 asics Objectives of 08 Staring with Oracle 1008/28.C, rove are subject to the Foloving requirements > @ 1. Invoivenent in research actos forspeces conservation 2. eo educational pubicty work 5. Keeping and feeaing the animals corecty forthe species ' Protection aginst enimals escaping or pasta ans verrin venting 5. Keeping register tthe 00 callecton Infrastructure of a medernz00 > @ of pang spaces, soos for publ tarspot Main entrance: cistnctve entrance aca, pay beothstcounters, ‘Nook, adninstaton tidy paths, welcoming seating Further infrastuctue: event and lecture room, gh-clas Buide (for eveing busines), further restaurants carding £© Shope, zaoscnen! Operations and staf bul separate cess (out of public Storage of feed ane ment in ashing prepeciion, war cisiauton, slerage and coc! moms, rubbish Femoral sheds or paring and mantenance ol icenng machitss, transport vohicles and cages, workshops, gardening. heating, at conaltoning,vertaton Medical care of animals! animal cine, quarantine staton, Inborstones, research facies, acclimatization and breeding rons cadaver storage Access roads and paths: wieeichaaccasibiy main paths (6-0 n wyao), wi weather protector lad out a round Yost Side paths {3-4 m wice} fo cach group of amas, independent poration roads @-#i wide) To uppy waste dposd, anal transport and asemergoncy accoss re Serres, ambule© teeerortermormston, @ Skies miteemictin OFFICE BUILDINGS ‘ichives ng Jeent the application of new office tecnoogis, he use of paper as ‘themain iormaton steragemedism hesincraased, Uni 1980, paper cconsumpten deubod evar four years. Compute-aise stoage systems. Lefer, fex's and nevsoapes, which are cescrbed a5 Uuncatedinlormaton, wil continue tobe partof thpape volume. Purpose: Clearly ararged ordering anésloage ols win shot akg Gstance ant efisent oxpliaton af tho space. Sf ‘equimans fer ing stone (acsordrg te Ladner» @)Inceasrg dlopthof sls ko rereasosthadisance towakbotwoon tha. LW flog fret) = pace for aris “LW +05 m= porsage space ‘etal space requied = epace fr unite + pcssags spare Deep fing eabrets se mot ecanomical. The rebtansh betagen ‘urntize for space snd passage space aerial fing stom Wing iste ahi shelves ox stort and fr nao ng sytem = mmadeciearn > @ Funturtloc spnoaraedsd wi verical sage 3 5.2m pasiage space 4.8 (1003), Wim hezontl storage, hte ‘or space 32 m, passage space 38 m! (9:10 ratio tated. A hora ing stem afer uss srage pace and ha igh shales atl ogee Vertical storage cor porcelain ove 0% Suspended es make about 87% bet use sf wal sea than tes 01 hates @ Flescanbotarsporsa wih apsterostr if Nonstabons ‘should include srt shelves, sal des, chs on castor. The ting stem eae cota locle, A ataurse ndow ote Ins 225-250 m,esing carance hah 2.1m @ storys of normal fofies space = stor offing Tho rooms must ba dy so ae ad Cal ate irdessbl, Cominsous woe + @ + @ wih suspend hea Sed ng suraces cemonee wokatstons etact relays san bs teed a8 wring sufces, rf card ex bows. Mabte ing gst {Souniien Compuus stan ambi acpace sy ot 100-1208) by ‘Siminsing rtormedite passsgea » QB Sister ap ne ctrccicad ‘de aupied to he rac roquementsc fang gytans, aches, brats, ses Tike ote ofthe higher ang perm of flor sea (+ bares pp 287). Mavemonto te fang yeti manutor by ace, ‘The ent fing siiom oust sas efit can bs dosed wits cn had, Hie @ oornipt memgnaets tee terse ere O Serer Onis Bea @ ser tsoractieon 237 ona) oe em > ee rrecsocm okies CPR int Shp atte roy bir fy Fae owe hndisall oS ate FL FR = 5 oe La Ly Ae OFFICE BUILDINGS neces Bulling concepts Single-row layouts are unece homeal. and only seceptable ‘eth despotic rooms (aright oo Twerow layouts tave most ‘been used for edition Bul lings unt naw sings oom ard smalofices stepossblewih day light > ©. The-supaly cores are situstadn welll zones The ‘ranstional form, thee-ow, produced by affeating the two rowayautinthesuppy area > @. Thvee-row layouts (ypical of offcs righ ss) + + bg suppy zene. atthe ‘canta ofthe balding s normaly racial only ir higherisa but Sings (eeslor proporian ct Weetesl nangpar). Dayight osm ‘ratty be expltec into = roan, epih of about 7.00 m Now dlaylgnt systems tor the detec ‘ion and vanspor: of feht ips, Fetectors >. 499), expOM the avaiable daylgit sil bette. Eigrwets “eat urinate cente of thvserow Buldings ratualy > @. using aignment Compass creation vatousy scuaiea Accoutig Rosas 50% of al offe bulge in the ‘te dslypenesatingmoming ard ‘Tomthe south ane shaded mors {2 Joodike (+ ef) fe main aes unlght trough all rer. Now foi reeme ere eceoplale ony forlsyoute witha 3 cai Access systems ‘aels, i sats et, stuated in ta fulding regultons —> © @. The arangoment of those determines urtan developments Siting sructira = QB. For Combines ee unite af lose ti subject to the requremonts fer eal SomHIGH-RISE BUILDINGS ‘Construction Pane oncemnn ieaapmcpemmenne tai ne eo oe sed uber cate ate'nat 3 5 Sees S bon nih vpamurr 8 6 bye mar y : bane Pearse cot cen oi ny LB Imatua Spt 9 td @ he oto a shade bo par bate der aate tonal sete tna eae te pasty spa @xitee a cmoias ed oe | | Eenstston such a tel tan wth corerete oars nea st 4 ‘kof earthquakes, special construction necessary te prevert fam SI] A acilation atthe baling “re congn thigh ia auldngsie catered by thaconstucten O core cemorteiaten iin system and the vertical access elments. The rato of usable flor are to bug cost becomes ever eos tevourble ih the inerassing heght cf the building. Constiwcton and eccess areas {axe up a lage put of the plan aun. The dvsion of hagherss bulings ite sectons with anspor to Sky lobbies’ by express Ine the aassongars can rans‘ to normal Reduces the spice aqui frit ac the travel tna +p. 246 @. estelectiveness depends on the ‘nay factor, the aio of maximum permissbia haraottal ceformation at the top t2 he total neght a bulding max S00), The decisive facta’ for fhe design of vary high buildings is the henzeraiorces (ving) ananotine vercalosas wo%%othonzrtal Geformaton comes romtha citing ofthe amo, or hearsway, uous fd 10% comes fam the sant ef the entre busing. Frame BNE Stucus winout spacial wird bracing re ecenoms only up Sas out 10 storeys. Converionatrame systamsleadrouneconemee Snsreten ‘amensons for move than 20 fos. RarYoreed canaetarames °°" fap practat upto 10 sereys wine, ae fr 20-0 storeys, bacing walls anc highs: thar that fr eanersta tube and double ‘une situs, The cast effectiveness ofa buldng dteraned by mataial used, cutabs type ef eonsvstion and application of rasonalconetucton technology — ©. ‘Av examele of a strachraly acororicl solution is the Jom FRancoc Cert, Chicago, 1960, by Skianore, Owirge & MeN ‘The vsblestuctun lanents form the design soncept. The tube pincipl consdoranty reduced the amount oslo! eed at {he epertional acenomies araimprovod by layeree usage 42-45 songs and “sky lobby. 16-39 apartments, 1-96 visto: ore resturant, 97-08 TV warsmiter + @- ©. EE: xa 0 Sm Sim © ces (leaf) ils @ enn ee © worenassme © cracncctm6 tusegtesealier ves nate! | E+ © ecschormtraatn shes che 2a chin LIBRARIES iting ‘System turnture for relonce fans lending braies for al ‘woes afdewecs telephone PC, teminal, mirotone readers) and forall roquted cable ‘ete for network and om ‘munications esters, Cupboards ity” spaci ‘dawere for card catalogues, Imerofnes, sides, fim, aud fand_videocarsettes, cempact ies, drawing cabines er ‘maps, dawings and graphics. Shaling systems or Docks, ‘magazires, mada: most, freestanaing “double shat unis (ries! steal proies, Sholvas steel sheet or wood 2.251, spacing of verticals 0 om, depth ef shelves 026-020" m. but so extra 9, for sases and fenspaper colloctad etans ShoWes aglustable for nai a. every 15 mm. Hoght of I freestancing double shelves max. 5 x depts Capacity ofthe ‘ShoWas sapere on tse rumber of shehes per uni, ealulted St 25-00 vastuming m DIN speciaict reper 13, Shat soicing in sacks > O75 longer inaccessible areas. Mobile she unite ony pemissble in closed stacks) ca the colunn gd faourble and the shat blocks f, cent na eapaciy Increase of upto approx. 109%. empacy =125 iim? (axta Tsk) Microfy reader workplaces 19H be acess inthe ature (prdemeanty newspapers) The sigitaiscton because ths possbities, 249sivcecepeact ] >| scram a © en syactratatentacegternwencston tans Ea: ; z ox © roman @ errr tong Sex Bon a Q etermame BANKS Bank baldings ‘hore ae twe baok typea of bank bulingos high sect eating benk branches wth customer ransations and spel or entra Investment ander corporate baling High st clearing bank branches are amxture of edministraton lager fer mah offees ar corsiderbly les in ema branches, Deeause saminatation mosty conalyorganaed. The man preconditions for he banking busnese are secur, st a Felabiy, whbh abou ale be vil nto dag nga indng havee purchase bans fom the deposi they erating basi resembles te fa Bank 86 tr uldng dein Penk tietinal ato ar aefolows Processing zone Inna! offs aiea for aarinisrtion winout poke access (p28 Specialzones Imedeton tthe social moms tor staff are the normal stain rooms br adninsratin ofices(-» 2. 283, here are conerencs fel prestige-nomating seam, These serve raiing purposes ae pouldespace for edbitons ‘Security area Sefes, tay descrbed a benk vauts or srongoom, aes thore i solid and specslyrenforced eonerele construction ae Inala talaga 8 roonvi-room stuctor of pre-cast elements The idea location in he colar near the entrance, Decaise the shit rom the nig safe has fo be almost stra. The rostes the eusomer sate depeat! boxes and te the bank song room thould f posable be separate Oelocry o! cach and gables by armoured vehicles algo has te be considered. An accoss gallery ‘oom, Vis thknessea aren accordance withthe secu love, trom 206m {740} 100m (120). For the customer ate depoat boxes, fully automated sate depesitaystans’ open ata tines are ‘alla, These canbe reachat frm the salt seve ares tough fn addtional accens contl vestibule wthout sa nvohemert Research ane Testng Assocition fr safe and strong reams and Gastown zene ‘The inteduecton of autemate teller cash elaganser (ea de pensers operated by bank staf win reticted and timedocked tesh else meara tht the structural potacton of he counter apa i no longer necessary. Cash lspensing and simple infor maton © mostly ot aal-eervoe caan pomts (ATM. Cashes transactions can be caried out by home Banting. This reduces the space sequent nth customer ara, because the set mostly consists of consitaiens ard reference 1 specialst de. fret. For ntl ifermation, sancing coruitatn ecuntere fa suffcient, but thorough consllabons requis separate roan, for pracy. Sxpar deparimerts (6, cret ar invasinet) a2 ‘fen fozated on the frst oor of hacustamer a ‘The set-servee zene i also accesible ouside business hours 11s theeiove mosty roccated sto a lobby autide ie customer ssa. @. This zone is ecuipped with eashpoirts, axcourt Satoment ptr, depos Soo te nih sa and possi the fcoasato the ate dapost sysam, 253oe — a 6 ee = INDUSTRY ‘shed Constucton Peducton and warchouse tulkings are often bult as indus tral sheds wthoutinteral Poors bat wth large spans and roar hosts (Construction, spans and heights 5-50 m according to cfent requitemens (amangeront of ma chines, aocees race and fuming ticles of vehicles) and roar hhoghts of 2-5 m, Bui as sold, Inssed or cable tneead ste ture with fred ord colina > @, rence» © @ er 00a framed consinictin stfened with brecng, en 3s adkod et Sdeponcont on tho proposed evrhosd crane 9.287. ‘Advantages of shed construction Low construction cost de o ight rot constuction and omission Dot expeive foo slabs: unferm marl ighting it otis ce for very deep spaces: heavy Toor leading passibe: awe firs protection ragurement; fw of mateals andl people on on te Disadvantages of shed construction lume: unfavourable thera! bataviou (hea les, heat bulé-up summa) Lighting, ventilation, building servoes Ligting and vention (and moe exictor) ae priced by lg bane, roth ights or igh domes in the rot contraction > © @ oratos stip windowen the agade, Heating is noma (conta docentalsed) lr heating or ovetead radiant heatrgfemporay heating singe area). CP SEE Orewa 8 TL eevee wens oe 4 if seth Boe 2 | © Baan st0 | ‘torre amine wt tect cm waniurewnmled et ‘esing dneveron INDUSTRY \Waretovsing Storage and shipping contahers Storage confaners sone fo combine the geads into bading Uns wth the purpose of maximieng the expiaton of space ard tanspor capacity and tho avadance of handirg The most Common storage conser fr unt gooes are stackable erates made el timber or paste, pallts (at pallets paiets wih de ralsand adetianal qupment and azo moreasngy containers, (On order to simply intanational ransgort, he European pal tet pool has invoduced tha standardised trarspor pallet (2 roaalat,Poolpalis, 200% 1240 % Ted mm) win varaus sacking ‘actinents = ® ‘ead Ravers stad sianl peg taapok ot 1p account af the variety of uses and 0 rough Fondling and Toxin storege pallets ar sujoct a many qualy stands. © ees Worencuse equipnent “re scaction of warehouse oguiprent has s similar impertance In tne doigh of watenovsas. This depends on the uly, cuar thy, weight snd handing frequency ofthe stored goeds and ako {cuipment is aujes te rumerous requis [on over canbe ance Companies 23% ~> p. 283. The wedoral storage stan inneuntial warehouses = fat selves “> @ as matusl sheng forsmal pars. Thse ae constructed as boed sein systems (eg. anale profes with alee) wih inserted soo! shales, he Imesh compartmarts, dere or care. hase systems cen Bs Upto approk -50.m high itn eecceite hap up loval and a Stable for cacings of 250 hg'shal Fer large loadings and haights, pallet racks are alae as stan derdiced modular systems made of chanel ard eam eroies, Bye vith sn sail spacieg of approx. 2.00m lor he Curler: hotzoraly) have become establohed, Using fomltt tucks heghteat upto 6.00 mare pesctieal-» @ The passage wish be tuwen te racks depends on the #26 and type of ther tuck to be uied fg forks, swiveling fers) and the roquvementa st Health she Satety Reguations 2H 1 (ehile with» 2 50 em) 38. Inordor to store tems si more deny, Huy automate igh- bay warehouses aro usod, oft independent of production rosabon, Theae have specla evivling stacking cranes thet sack a! hoights of up 25.00 m, They aro ormllystppled by specalst haneas an itoyiated eystan Facking ana bale ervelopo} >. 269esse