If we see the definition of the Gabor filter, we will know that its impulse response is a product of

a sinusoidal function and a Gaussian function, which is essentially what we see in the
formula.

The parameters , , are parameters for the sinusoidal part (or factor).
and are basic parameters of a sine wave.
- controls the Wavelength (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wavelength) of this sinusoid. A
higher would widen the ellipses you see in the image above, while a lower would have the
opposite.
- controls the rotation of the ellipses you see in the image above. These ellipses are the
parallel stripes. A value of = 0 indicates no rotation and would make the ellipses vertical.
- is the phase shift of the sinusoid i.e., how much the ellipses need to be shifted with respect
to the center. Its a parameter that has to be specified.
- is the standard deviation (i.e., the spread) of the Gaussian part.
- controls the aspect ratio of the ellipses (roughly, how elongated the ellipses need to be).
The various parameters specified above are the inputs.
The output value of the calculation is simply the co-efficient (or weight) of the filter at the (x, y)
location.
This is the meaning, and is the same in the context of any other linear filter used in image