1o

A
1.1
( )

1.2
1.3

1.4
1.5
1.6

1.7
1.8 ... ...

1.9
1.10
1

 1.1 ( )

,
.
.
.

.
3 5 5

.. , , 7,34,  2, 3, , ,  4, 0,5, 1 +  3, 6,1010010001...
4 2 3
.

3, 5 -5 , 734 ,
- = 7,34 =
4 2 2 100
3, 2 -5 .
, ,  0. 3= 4 =2= ,
 -0,5 =
1 1 10

5,

2, , 1 + 
3, 6,1010010001...
.
3

5
3,8 2 4,8
2
x 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 x

 
, , .
3 3
:  2  = 2,  2  = 2,  0  = 0,
4
=
4  

,
+7 + 5 = +12

7 5 = 12
, .

12
 1.1

,
- +5 7 = 2
, 5 + 7 = +2
.

, - (+5)  (+7) = +35

+ (5)  (7) = +35

, - (+5)  (7) = 35
(5)  (+7) = 35

:

+=+ =
+ ( + ) = ( + ) + ( ) = ()
+0= 1=
1
+ ( ) = 0  = 1,  0

( + ) = +
:
 0 = 0.
A = 0, = 0 = 0.
3 , 3
, .
, . 4 5
,
5 4


.
, 5 7 = 5 + (7) = 2
5 (7) = 5 + (+7) = 12
.
= + ( )

1 5 1
( : ,  0), 5 : 15 = 5  = =
15 15 3
.
1 1
: =  = 

13
M - 1

1 N :
1
3 + 
2
( ) (
2 3 ) (
) ( 3)  3 1 + 3 + 1  1
3 2 ) ( ) )
2
1
3

( ) ( 3 ) (
3 2 ) ( )
) ( 3)  3 1 + 3 + 1  1 = + 9 + 1 3 1 =
2 2 3 6 ( )
9 1 1 27 2 18 1 12
=+ + 3+ = + + = =2
2 3 6 6 6 6 6 6

1 6

1 5
3 +  + 
2 2 2 2
) = = = 15 = 3
1 6 1 5 10 2
2   
3 3 3 3

2 + = 3 + = 5,
(
= ( 2) + 2 .
2 )

( )
= ( 2) + 2 =
2
= + 2 + 2 = ( )
= 2 + 2 = ( )
= 2( + ) ( + ) = ( )
= 2(3) (5) =
=6+5=
=1

E
1 x .
1 22
3 6 0,
3 0,8 3
 16
 3,14
2 7

2 :
) 3 + 7 = ..... ) 6 + 6 = ..... ) 2 9 = .....

) (2)  1 = .....
3 ( )
) 0  2 = .....
7 ( ) ( )
) 4  5 = .....
5 4

( 5 )
)(6) : 12 = ..... ( )
) 8 : (+4)= .....
5 ( ) ( )
) 4 : + 4 = .....
3 3

14
 1.1

3 :
) (3  2 5)x = ........ ) 3(2 5x) = ........ ) 3(2 5)x =........
...
) 2(x .....) = ..... + 6 ) (3 + x)(2 + y) = ........ ) 4(... + ...) = 12x + 8

4 :
i) A , :
) )
) ) .

ii) A , :
) )
) ) .

5 (), (),
:
) .
) .
) .
) .

1 N :
) 2 + 3  4 12 : (4) + 1 ) 2 + 3  (4 12) : (4 + 1)
) 3  (2) 5 + 4 : (2) 6 ) 8 : (3 + 5) 4  (2 + 6)

2
.
(5 4) (+2) + (6 + 4) (7) =
4 ( 2 + 6 3) + (9 + 6) =
14 + (6 + 5 3) ( 4 1)  (2) =
(3)  (2) + 4 (+5) (1) : (1) =

3 , xx
. = 5
km,
.
B O A
x 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 x

15
M - 1

4 :

3 ( 4 ) (
) 2 1 + 1 + 1
2 ) (
12 ) (3 2 6 ) (
) 1 + 3 5 + 1 + 5 11
2 3 6 )

2 3 (
) 5  1 2 5  1 2
2 3 ) ( 2 ) (
2 5 5)
) 1 7  1 4 3 : 2 + 2
5 3( )
5 :
1 2 1 1
 +1 2  3  3 
) 2 3 ) 4 ) 7 + 3
1 1
3  + 
6 2
2  3 
1
4 ( ) 1
2 + 
3

6
:
1, 3, 0, 2, 1, 2, 5, 0, 3, 1.

.

7 (+ ).
) 12 ... 5 ... 20 = 3 ) 8 ... 9 ... 1 = 0
5 ... 3 ... 10
) =3 ) 0,35 ... 6,15 ... 8,50 = 2
4 4 4

8 :
) 8 ( ) + ( 5 ) = 3
) 2 ( + ) (4 + ) (2 ) = 0
) 2  ( 3) +  (7 + 9) 3  (+2) = 0

9 x + y = 5 + = 7, :
= 4 (x ) (y ) = ( 5 x + ) + ( 8 + y) ( 4)

10 , , 56 ,
, 32,
= (9 2) (15 2).

11
+ + =
7, 6, 5, 3, 1, 2, 4, 5, 9
+ + =
,
.
+ + =

16
 1.1

B
23 = 2  2  2 = 8
 2 (3)2 = (3)  (3) = 9
.
=    ... 
-

: 1 =
0 = 1 0
= 1 0

,
:

 = + 23  24 = 23+4 = 27
: = 35 : 33 = 353 = 32
() = (2) 2 = 22 2 = 4 2
2 23 8

( )
3
( )
=

=
3 3 =

3 27
( ) = (23) 2 = 2 6 = 64
2 3
( ) ( )
4 4
( ) ( )
=


3 =
2

1 N :
(2)2  (3)3
) ) x 2  (x  y2)3 : (x 2  y3)2
(3  2 2)2

(2)2  (3)3 22  (33) 22  33 3 3

) = = = 2 =
(3  2 )
2 2
3  (2 )
2 2 2
3 2
2 4
2 4
x2(xy2)3 x2x3(y2)3 x 5y 6
) x2(xy2)3 : (x2y3)2 = 2 3 2 = 2 2 3 2 = =x
(x y ) (x ) (y ) x 4y 6

2 A x 3  y2 = 3, = x 2  (x 2  y3)2  (x 1 )3 .

A = x2  (x2  y3)2  (x1)3 = x2  x4  y6  x3 = x2  x4  x3  y6 = x9  y6 =

= (x3  y2)3 = (3)3 = 27.

17
M - 1

3 N :
A = (2) 2  (3) + 2  32 5 2  (2) : 5 6 B = (2  5 3 2) + 2  (2 3 4) 12 : (3)

H
. = (2)2  (3) + 2  32 52  (2) : 5 6 =
= 4  (3) + 2  9 25  (2) : 5 6 =
= 12 + 18 + 50 : 5 6 =
. = 12 + 18 + 10 6 =
, = 10
.
= (2  5 32) + 2  (23 4) 12 : (3) =
, = (2  5 9) + 2  (8 4) 12 : (3) =
= 10 9 + 2  4 12 : (3) =
. = 1+8+4=
= 9+4=
= 13

E
1 (), (),
:
) + + + = 4.
)    = 4.
) (5)6 56 .
( )
3
8

2( )
) 2 3 .
8

) (3)2 = 92.

) ( 5)2 .
) 32 .

2 (= ).
) (1)6 ... 1 ) 32 ... 9 ) 42 ... 16 ) 5 ... 2
2
1

5 ( )
) 52 ... 1
25 5 ( )
) 2 ... 0
0
) 1 ... 1
2
5
( )
32
) (7 + 2)2 ... 72 + 22

3 .
i) H 2
3 ( )2
:

) 4 ) 9 ) 9 ) 4
9 4 4 9

18
 1.1

ii) H (2)03 :
) 23 ) 6 ) 23 ) 1

iii) H 23 + 32 :
) 55 ) 17 ) 56 ) 65

4 ,
.

1. 1

. (24)1 4
2. 2 4
. (25)2  210
3. 4
. (2)2 4. 23
. (24 : 23)  22 5. 2 4
6. 1

1 N :
) 2 5  28 ) 34 : 3 2 ) 2 3  53 ) (52)4
(6)6 1
) 32  (3)4 ) ) 42 : 34 ) 27  34 
26 35

2 N :
( )
) (0,75)2  3
2
) (2 2)3  28 ) (3)2  (3)4 ) 363 : (12)3
4

) ( 2 )  ( 2 )
12 14
) (2,5)4  (4)4 ) 412 : 220 ) (0,01)3  105
3 3

3 N :
) (x2)3  5x4 ) (xy3)2  x3y ) (2x)2  (2x2)

( )
) 2 x : x2 (
) 3 x : 3 x )
3 3 2
) (3x2)3  (2x3)2
3 2 2

4 N :
= 3  (2)2 + 4 (7)0  2 8  (21 1) 2  32 = ( 4)2 : 2 5 (3)  22 (2)4
= (2,5)2  (1,25)3  (4)2  (8)3 = (257  84) : (57  404)

5 ,
;

19
M - 1

x
x -

x. .. 
25 = 5, 52 = 25
 0 = 0.
(5) = 25, 
2
(5)2 = 
25 = 5 =  5  .

, x :


x2 = x 
(7) 2 =  7 = 7, 
72 = 7

,
.
: ( 9 )2 = 32 = 9, (
9 )2 = 9.

x 0, (x )2 = x
I

1. (= )

4  
100 ... 
4  100
4 ...


100
4 100
2. :

2  
5 ... 
2 5 
5

5
2 ... 2

4 100 :


4  
100 = 
4  100

4

100
=  4
100
-
2 5. ,
,
. .

, :
 
 = 
.


=


>0
.

20
 1.1

,
.
( ) = (
)  (
) = ( ) =
2 2 2 2
 

, 
 


, .
  
=  .
.

 16 + 9 = 4 + 3 = 7, 
16 + 9 = 
25 = 5
 16 +  9   16 + 9.
:
, ,  +    +

1 N 
20 = 2
5 ,
= 
2
.

20 = 4  5 = 22  5 20 = 
22  5 = 
22  
5 = 2
5.
 2 =  2  
= 
.
20 -
.. 20 = 2  10,
.

2 N :
) 3
3 + 2
3 = 5 3 ) 
3  
24 = 6
2 ) 
50 
18 = 2
2

) :
3
3 + 23 = (3 + 2) 3 = 5 3
) 
3  
24 = 
3  24 = 72 =  36  2 = 36  
2 = 6
2
) 
50 
18 = 25  2 
9  2 = 
25  2 
9  
2 = 5
2 3
2 = 2
2

5
3 N , ,
3

.

o 5 5 
3 5
3 53
= = =
. 3
 3  
 3 (
3) 2 3

21
M - 1

4 12 m 2 3 m 2 .
.

2 = 12 m2,
=  12 m.
T 2 = 3 m2,
12 m2
=  3 m.
:
=  = 12  
3 = 12  3 = 3 6 = 6 m 2.

: 3 m2
= + = + =  12 +  3=

4  3 + 
3 = 23 + 3 = 33 m.

E
1 :
) 3
3 + 3 = ..... ) 52 32 = ..... ) 
5 + 45 5 5 = .....
) 
12  
3 = ..... ) 18 : 
2 = ..... ) 3
2  
8 = .....

2
.
B
. 
25
. 
25 1. 5
. 
25
2.
. 
52
. 
(5)2 3. 5
. 
5 2

3 :


 + 
 + 

  




4 1
9 16
64 36

22
 1.1

4 (), (),
.
) 2  
3 = 
6

) 
2 + 
3 = 
5

)  94 = 32
) 
(3)2 = 3

) 
( 12 1) = 12
2
1

) 
5 
10.
) 
12 
3.

5 50 m2.
5
2 m;

1 N :
) 3
5 7
5 + 2
5 ) 5
7 8
3 2
7 + 4
3

)  52   58  37   127 )  145   107 +  212   143

2 N :
) 3
2 
50 + 
32 6
8 = 10
2 ) 
27 
20 + 
12 
5 = 5
3 3
5

120
) 
3  
18 
2  
48 + = 
6 ) 
3,6  
4,9 
0,8  
0,2 = 3,8
5


3 N :
) 
12+
16 ) 
86+2
52
9 ) 
6 
12
3
9

4 N
, . ;

5
2 
2
E 4
2 2
2
3
2 3
2

23
M - 1

5 N :
2 (
)  8)
18 +  6 (
)  3)
27 
) (
75 +  300 ) : 
45  15 ) ( 5 )(
7  5)
7 + 

6 N , ,
.
2
3 + 
6
) 1 ) 4 ) 5 )
2
 6
 2
5 3


7 N :
) 
5 + x = 3
5x ) 
6 x = 
24
) x =  32 ) 3
3 x = 
27
2


8 N (
3 1)(
3 + 1) = 2. -
1
, , -
31
.
B

9 , E
50 m2 8 m2 , 50 m2
-
98 m2.


8 m2

10 = 3 cm = 6 cm ,
, , = 2 cm AE = 1 cm.
= 3.

11 ( = ),
= 4 cm = 4 cm.
) -

4 + 45 cm.
4 cm

) 4
:
4 + 20 , 4 + 2
20 , 85 , 2(2 + 
20).

;
4 cm

24
 1.2 M

M
.

.
.

-

1.
5 .
8
5
2.
5

x .
x 2x2 + xy.
y
x x x = 5 y = 8,
x ;

A
, - 6  5 + 2  8, 2  52 + 5  8

.

- 4x, 2 + 2, x2, ,
, , 2x , 2x 2 + xy
. y3
.

, - 2x + 32, 1 + 2 , 4 R 3

2 3
.

A
,
.
, 2x2 + xy x = 5 y = 8,
2  52 + 5  8 = 90.

25
M - 1

, 2
4x, x2, , 
2 x 4y 2 3
3
, .

2x 3 y
,

.

2x 3y :
, 3 x
1 y
. 4 x y

.
2 x 3 y 2, 5x3y2, x3y2, .
5
,
, .
2x 3 y 2x 3 y .

. , 0
, . ,
5 .

1 N
) 3x 2 y 3 , x = 2 y = 1 ) 2 2 3 + 6 = 3 = 8.

) H 3x 2 y 3 x = 2 y = 1 :
3  (2)2  (1)3 = 3  (+4)  (1) = 12.

) 22 3 + 6 = 3 = 8 :
2  (3)2 3  8 + 6 = 2  (+9) 24 + 6 = 18 24 + 6 = 0.

26
 1.2 M

2 T ( ) , ( cm)
( )
= 100 + t , t ( ) (
10
= 0,9 = 0,8).
, 30
1,77 m.

T ( ) 30 1,77 m = 177 cm,

( )
= 0,9  177 100 + 30 = 0,9  (177 100 + 3) = 0,9  80 = 72 .
10

T ( ) 30 1,77 m = 177 cm,

( )
= 0,8  177 100 + 30 = 0,8  (177 100 + 3) = 0,8  80 = 64 .
10

3
,
. -

, .
= 10 cm.

T 2, (2)2 = 42.
2, 42 2.
42 2

42 2 = (4 )2 = (4 3,14)2 = 0,862

0,86 2.
= 10 cm 0,86  102 = 0,86  100 = 86 cm2.

E
1 ;
x 3y
) 3x2y ) 3 + x2y ) ) 2x2y3 ) (3 
2 )3 ) 2 3
2 3

2 :
yx 3
) 6x2y2 ) 3 xy 3 ) x3y ) 5y3x ) ) 5 y 2 x 2
5 4 2
xy 3
) ) x2y2 ) yx3 ) 
2xy3
7

27
M - 1

3 N :


x y x y
5xy 4
xy 2
1
x2y5
7

3 x4

4 1 xy23.
3
.
5 .

O
1. 1. .
2. 7x4y5 x
( ). 4.
2. 8, 5, 0, 3. 3. -
3.
3x2 y.
4. 2x2y 2. .
5. 6 x3y, 3x3y. 4. 5xy2, 
25 xy2.
2
6. O xy. 5. E 425, 25.
7. xy2 4xy2 6. H ......... 2x2y
( ). x = 2 y = 1 8.
8. . 7. -
6, 3, 7.
8. -
.

28
 1.2 M

1 N :
) 2xy3 + x2y 4 x = 2 y = 1
) 2 x2 + 1 3 x = 3 = 2
3 2

2 5 , .
7
, 2 5.

3 , 3xy2
) x
) x y
) 48, x = 2 y = 1.

4 . , , 4x3y, xy2 :
) ) )

5
.
,
.
, = 10;

6 9 .

,
2 1 .

7
.
, x = 12;
x

29
M - 1

B


.

.. 5x3 + 2x3

5x 3 + 2x 3 = (5 + 2)x 3 = 3x 3

:

.

, 12x2y 3x2y = 15x2y.

A , 3x 5y, 3x + 5y
.

.. (2x)(3x2y) -

(2x)(3x 2 y) = (2)x  3x 2 y = (2)  3(xx 2 )y = 6x 3 y .

:
:


.

( )
(3x 4 y 3 ) 2 x3 = 6 x 5 y 3 4.
5 5

, ,
.
,
1 12 4 y 2 12 4 y 2
(12x 4y2) : (4x 2y) = 12x 4y 2  2 = =  2   = 3x 2.
4x y 4x y
2
4 y
7 y 4 7y 3
: (7xy ) : (x y) =
4 3
= 2
x y
3 x

,
.

30
 1.2 M

1 N :
) 7x 2 1 x 2 + 4x 2
2
) ( 23 xy )  (
2 1 x3 y2
4 ) ( ) (
) 3 3 : 1 3
4 2 )

2 2 ( 2 2 )2 (
) 7x2 1 x2 + 4x2 = 7 1 + 4 x2 = 14 1 + 8 x2 = 7 x2
2 )
(
3 ) (
4 12 )
) 2 xy2  1 x3 y 2 = 2 x4 y4 = 1 x4 y 4
6

( 34 ) : ( 12 ) = 34 : ( 2 ) = 34  ( 2 ) = 6 32
3 3 3 3
) 3 3
=
4 3 3
22

2 .
t sec
,
, .

A
= 1 gt2, g = 10 m/sec2 . = 5t2.
2
A ,

t sec
2

= 1  g  t ( )= 1  10  t2 = 5 t2.
2

2 2 2 4 4

H = = 5t2 5 t2 = 20 t2 5 t2 = 15 t2.
4 4 4 4

3 M , ,
.

. ;

V1 = 2.
,
V2 = (2)2 = (42) = 42. -

V2 V1 = 42 2 = 32,
2 .
.

31
M - 1

E
1 (), ()
.
) .
) .
) .
) .
2 :
) 5x2 + 2x2 = .......... ) 5x2  2x3 = .......... ) 3x 2y + 2x = ..........
) 4x2y yx2 = .......... ) 2xy  y2 = .......... ) 6x3y : 3xy = ..........
12x3 y 4x2
) 5x43 (.....) = 10x64 ) = ) 3x2y ..... = 4x2y
........ y

1 N :
) 7x2y + 4x2y ) 4x2 6x2 + x2 ) 6x3 9 x3
2

) 0,25 0,35 + 0,5 ) 2 xy24 1,2xy24 ) 3

2x2 + 4 2x2 
2x2
5
2 N :
) 3x  5x2 ) 6x2  3 x3 ) 2xy3  (3x2y) ) 3x2y  (2xy4)
4

) 1 3  43
3 (
) 4 x32  1 x3
3 4 ) ( )
) 2 xy3  (3x2)  5 y3
5 6 ( )
3 N :
) 123 : (3) ) 8x2y : (2xy2) ) ( ( 3)
) 1 35 : 6 22
5

) (0,84x25) : (0,12x3) ) (x ) : ( 1 x )
3 4
) (0,5 ) : ( 7 )
2 3 7 2 2
4 10
4 :
(
) 1 x2y  (6xy3)
3
2
) ) (2x2y3)3 : (8x3y4) ) (2xy43)2  (x2y)3

5 .
;
) ) ) )
y )
x x y
y
x 2x
x x
x x
x x y 2x
2x
B
6
. y

32
 1.3

M ,
.
M .

A
1. .
2. .
;

3. ,
.

,
.
,
, . .. 3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3

K 3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3

.
3x2y, 2xy4, 5x3y3.

E,
, 3 2 2
, . 2 2 3 + 4

3x2y + 2xy4 5x3y3

3 x,
, -
4 y,
.
6 x y.

, , ,
. ,
, .

33
M - 1

3x + 2x2 + 5 x
(x) Q(x) A(x) ...
(x) = 3x + 2x2 + 5
, .
, (x) = 2x2 3x + 5.
T, , x.
H (x) x = 5, (5) :
(5) = 2  52 3  5 + 5 = 50 15 + 5 = 40.

, 3x2 5x + 1 x2 + x + 1
. , = 3 = 5.

22 3 + 42 5 =
, 22 + 42 3 5 = 62 8
, -
. ,
,

.
.

.
, (x) = 3x3 2x2 7x 5 (x) = 2x3 x2 + x
:
(x) + B(x) = (3x3 2x2 7x 5) + (2x3 x2 + x) = ( )
= 3x3 2x2 7x 5 + 2x3 x2 + x = ( )
= 5x 3x 6x 5.
3 2

, :
(x) B(x) = (3x3 2x2 7x 5) (2x3 x2 + x) =
= 3x3 2x2 7x 5 2x3 + x2 x =
= x3 x2 8x 5.

1 ) (x) = 4x 2 8x + x 3 5
x .
) (x) Q(x) = x 2 + x + ,
, , , ;

34
 1.3 o

) (x) = 4x2 8x + x3 5, x
(x) = x3 + 4x2 8x 5. To P(x) ,  0
, = 0.

) (x) = x3 + 4x2 8x 5 Q(x) = x2 + x + ,

= 0, = 4, = 8 = 5.

2 x
500 C , 10 C
1 2
(, , ...) x C (,
10
...). x ;
, 50 ;

10 C,
x 10x C. C,
(x) = 1 x2 + 10x + 500
10
50 :
(50) = 1 502 + 10  50 + 500 = 1 2500 + 500 + 500 = 1250 C
10 10

3 (x) = x 2 3x + 4, Q(x) = P(2x) P(x).

o (2x) , (x) , x 2x, :

(2x) = (2x)2 3(2x) + 4 = 4x2 6x + 4
(x) , (x) , x x, :
(x) = (x)2 3(x) + 4 = x2 + 3x + 4. :
Q(x) = P(2x) P(x) = (4x2 6x + 4) (x2 + 3x + 4) =
= 4x2 6x + 4 x2 3x 4 = 3x2 9x

E
1 ;
) 4x3 5x2 + 2x 1 ) 3x4 7x2 12
x
2 x2y 5xy + y2 + 1
)  ) x3 + 2x2y x y2 + 3y3
3

2 2 x;
) 7 3x 2x2 ) 3x2 5x 3x2 + 10
) 4x3 + x2 3x3 + 2x x3 + 6 ) 2xy 3y + 9

35
M - 1

3 -
4x3 8x2 + x + 7 x3 6x + 2

4x 8x + x + 7
3 2
4x 8x2 + x + 7
3

+ x3 6x + 2 + x3 + 6x 2
5x 8x 5x + 9
3 2
3x 8x + 7x + 5
3 2

E ; .

4 .
2x2 + 5x + 7
8x2 + 4x 5 :
) 6x2 + x 2 ) 10x2 + 9x + 2 ) 6x2 x 12 ) 6x2 + x + 12.

5 T (x), B(x) (x) 2, 3 2 .

) (x) + B(x).
) A (x) + (x) , ;

1 N x.
) P(x) = 3x 5x2 + x4 + 10 + 2x3 ) Q(x) = 6x + 2x3 + 1
) A(x) = 3x2 + 7 + 2x3 + 7x ) (x) = x x4 5

2 = 2xy2 + y3 + 2x3 xy2.

) x = 2 y = 1.
) y.
x y;

3 A (x) = 2x2 + 2x 9, :
) (3) = (2) ) 3(1) + (3) = 0

4
100 m
-
, 100
2x . 2x
) .
)
, 60 .

36
 1.3 o

5 N :
) (2x2 x) (x3 5x2 + x 1) ) 3x2y (2xy yx2) + (3xy y3)
) (22 3) (2 + 4) (2 + 2) ) 22 4 3 (2 + 5)

) ( 12 x 2
4 ) (
3 x + 1 1 x + x2 1
6 3 ) ) (0,4x3 + 2,3x2) + (3,6x3 0,3x2 + 4)

6 A (x) = 2x3 x2 + x 4, B(x) = 3x3 + 5x 2 (x) = 4x2 3x + 8,

:
) (x) B(x) ) (x) + (x) ) (x) A(x) + B(x)

7 N :
) (... ..... 4x ... .....) + (x2 ... ..... + 4) = 6x2 8x + 7
) (x3 ... ..... + 8) (... ..... + x2 ... .....) = x3 x2 + 5x + 9

8 . ( -
, ).

2x2+2x3 7x2+3x 4

9x23x+2

4x2+4x5

9 A P(x) = (5x2 + 4x 3) (x2 2x + 1) + (3x2 + x) Q(x) = x2 + x + ,

, , , (x) Q(x) .

10
t sec
= 2 m/sec2.
,
10 sec .

.

,
t = 5 sec;

37
 1.4

1. ( + )
3x2(2x3 + 6x).

2. ( + )( + )
(3x2y + 2y)(2x2 + 5).

3x2(2x3 + 6x) 3x2
2x3 + 6x, ,
3x2(2x3 + 6x) = 3x2  2x3 + 3x2  6x = 6x5 + 18x3

:
, -
.

(3x2y + 2y)(2x2 + 5)
3x2y + 2y 2x2 + 5, ,

(3x2y + 2y)(2x2 + 5) = 3x2y  2x2 + 3x2y  5 + 2y  2x2 + 2y  5 =
= 6x4y + 15x2y + 4x2y + 10y = 6x4y + 19x2y + 10y

:
,

.

,

.

38
 1.4

1 N :

3 (
) 2 x 2 y x 1 y 3
3 ) ) (2x 2 5x + 6)(x 2)

) 4x(2x + 3x 1) 3x 2 (2x + 5)
2
) 2x 2 (x + 4)(x 1)

3 ( 3 )
) 2 x 2 y x 1 y 3 = 2 x 3 y + 2 x 2 y 2 + 2x 2 y
3 9

) (2x2 5x + 6)(x 2) = 2x3 4x2 5x2 + 10x + 6x 12 = 2x3 9x2 + 16x 12

) 4x(2x2 + 3x 1) 3x2(2x + 5) = 8x3 + 12x2 4x + 6x3 15x2 = 2x3 3x2 4x

) 2x2 (x + 4)(x 1) = 2x2(x2 x + 4x 4) = 2x2(x2 + 3x 4) = 2x4 6x3 + 8x2

O -
2x2 5x + 6
- x 2
. - 2  (2x2 5x + 6) 4x + 10x 12
2

, x  (2x 5x + 6) + 2x 5x2 + 6 x
2 3

() 2x3 9x2 + 16x 12

(2x2 5x + 6)(x 2)
:
x y x
x

2 ,
. x+10
,
,
2x
.

H 2x + y 4x + 10,
(2x + y)(4x + 10).
y x + 10,
y(x + 10).
, -
:
(2x + y)(4x + 10) y(x + 10) = 8x2 + 20x + 4xy + 10y xy 10y =
= 8x2 + 20x + 3xy

39
M - 1

E
1
, .
B
1. x2 x
. x(x + 1)
2. x2 + 1
. (x + 1)(x 1) 3. x2 + 2x + 1
. x(x 1) 4. x2 + 2x + 3
. (x + 1)(1 + x) 5. x2 + x
6. x2 + 3x + 2
. (x + 1)(x + 2)
7. x2 1
2 (), ()
.
) (x) 3 Q(x)
2, (x)  Q(x) 6.
) (x)  Q(x) 7
(x) 3, Q(x) 4.

3 :
) x(2x + .....) = ..... + 4x ) 3x2(..... 2) = 3x 3 y .....
) (x + 5)(..... + 3) = 2x2 + ..... + 10x + ..... ) (x2 + y)(x .....) = ..... x2 y 2 + ..... y3

4 .
i) O
:
) 3x + 1 ) x3 + 1 ) x3 + x2 ) x3 + x x

ii) T -
:
) 6x2 + 4x + 1 ) 4x2 + 6x x

) 6x2 + 4x + 2 ) 6x2 + 4x x+1

5 O

-
-
2

:
) (x + 2)(x + 3) ) 2x  3x x
) x + 6
2
) x2 + 5x + 6
x 3
;

40
 1.4

1 N :
) 3x 2 y(5x + 2y) ) 4x(2x 2 x + 2) 8x
) 5x(2x 3) 3x(2 3x) ) 2xy(x2 3y2) 4x(x 2 y 2y 3)

2 N :
) (2 3)(4 + 2) ) (x 2 2x + 4)(x + 2) 8
) 3x2(2x + 3)(5 x) ) (4 3x)(5 2x) 6x(x 4)
) (2x2 3x 4)(3x2 + x) ) (3x2 2xy 5y 2)(4y x)

3 N :
) (3x 2)(x2 x)(4x 3) ) 2x(x2 x + 1)(x 2) (x 1)(2x 3)(x + 2)
) (2x + y)(x2 3xy) (3x y)(4x + y)(2x 3y)

4 N :
) (x2 4x + 4)(x2 + 4x + 4) x2(x2 8) 16 = 0
) (3 + 8)( ) ( + 2)( 3) = 62

5 (x) = 2x2 + 5x 3 Q(x) = 4x 5, :

) (x)  Q(x) ) P(x)  3Q(x) + 11x 12 ) P(x) 2  Q(x) + 3

6 P(x) = 3x(2x + 4)(x 1) Q(x) = x3 + x2 + x + ,

, , , , (x) Q(x) .

x x

7
2x
. y y
y

8 x
5 . 3
1 ,
4x + 2 .

41
 1.5

.
.
.

A
1. 3x = 12, x + y = 7, 4 = 3 + , x(x + 2) = x2 + 2x,
;
x
x
2. ) - 3
x 3
.
3 3
)
- x

; x 3
i) x2 + 9 ii) (x + 3)2
iii) x2 + 6x iv) 6x + 9 x
) N
3
.

Y
. , 3x = 12, x = 4
x. O, x + y = 7, x = 1
y = 6, x = 3 y = 4, x = 4 y = 5.

Y ,
: + = + , 4 = 3 + , x(x + 2) = x2 + 2x.
.

T ,
. :

42
 1.5 A

)
( + )2 ( + )( + )
, :
( + )2 = ( + )( + ) =
= 2 + + + 2 =
= 2 + 2 + 2
( + ) 2 = 2 + 2 + 2

( + )2.

, (y + 4)2 ,
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2
y 4, :
(y + 4)2 = y2 + 2  y  4 + 42 = y2 + 8y + 16.
.
H , ,
, + ,
, .. :
(2x + 3y)2 = (2x)2 + 2  2x  3y + (3y)2 = 4x2 + 12xy + 9y2 = ( + )2 (1)

( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2

)
.
( )2 ( )( ) = 2 + + + 2
, = + 2 +
2 2
(2)
(1) (2)
( ) 2 = 2 2 + 2
: ( + ) 2 = 2 + 2 + 2.
( )2 = ( )( ) = 2 + 2 = 2 2 + 2 B
, (y 4)2 ,
y 4, 2
:
(y 4)2 = y2 2  y  4 + 42 = y2 8y + 16
O, (3x 4y)2
2
:

(3x 4y)2 = (3x)2 2  (3x)  (4y) + (4y)2 = 9x2 24xy + 16y2

( )2 = 2 2 + 2

43
M - 1

)
( + )3 ( + )( + )2 -
+ ( + )2, :
( + )3 = ( + )( + )2 =
= ( + )(2 + 2 + 2) =
= 3 + 22 + 2 + 2 + 22 + 3 =
= 3 + 32 + 32 + 3
( + ) 3 = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2 + 3

( ) 3 = 3 3 2 + 3 2 3

:
(x + 2)3 = x3 + 3  x2  2 + 3  x  22 + 23 = x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8
(2x 5)3 = (2x)3 3  (2x)2  5 + 3  (2x)  52 53 = 8x3 60x2 + 150x 125.

)
( + )( ) :
( + )( ) = 2 + 2 = 2 2

( + )( ) = 2 2

. , :
(x + 2)(x 2) = x2 22 = x2 4
(3 + 2)(3 2) = (3)2 (2)2 = 92 42

)
( )(2 + + 2) :
( )(2 + + 2) = 3 + 2 + 2 2 2 3 = 3 3

( )( 2 + + 2) = 3 3

( + )( 2 + 2) = 3 + 3

. :
(x 2)(x2 + 2x + 4) = (x 2)(x2 + 2x + 22) = x3 23 = x3 8
(x + 3)(x2 3x + 9) = (x + 3)(x2 3x + 32) = x3 + 33 = x3 + 27

44
 1.5 A

1 ) ( + + ) 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2.
) (3x + 2y + 4) 2.

) ( + + ) = ( + + )( + + ) =
2
2
= 2 + + + + 2 + + + + 2 =
= 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2.
2
) ,
(3x + 2y + 4)2 :
(3x + 2y + 4)2 =
2
= (3x)2+(2y)2+42+2 3 x2y+22y4+23x4 =
= 9x2 + 4y2 + 16 + 12xy + 16y + 24x.
(++)2 = 2+2+2+2+2+2

2 )
2 + 2 = ( + ) 2 2 3 + 3 = ( + ) 3 3( + ).
2 4 8
) x + = 3, x2 + 2 x3 + 3 .
x x x

) :
( + )2 2 = 2 + 2 + 2 2 = 2 + 2
( + )3 3( + ) = 3 + 32 + 32 + 3 32 32 = 3 + 3.
4 2
( )
2
) x2 + x2 +
x2 x

2 + 2 = ( + )2 2 :
4
x2 + 2 = x2 +
x ( ) (
2 2
x
= x+
2 2
x )
2x 
2
x
= 32 2  2 = 9 4 = 5.

H x3 +
8
x3
x3 + ( )
2 3
x

3 + 3 = ( + )3 3( + ) :
8
x3 + 3 = x3 +
x ( ) (
2 3
x
= x+
2 3
x ) 3x 
2
x
 x+ (2
x )
= 33 3  2  3 = 27 18 = 9

3 ,
,
;

To 2. ,

45
M - 1

+ , ( )( + ) = 2 2.
, 2 2 2,
2.

4 2

3 
5
.

3 +  5 , (3 5 )(3 + 
5 ) = 32 (
5 )2 = 9 5 = 4.

2 2(3 + 5) 2(3 + 5) 3 + 5
= = = .
3 5 5 )(3 + 
(3  5) 4 2

5 ) ( 1)( + 1) + 1 = 2.
) 2007  2009 + 1
, .

) ( 1)( + 1) + 1 = (2 12 ) + 1 = 2 1 + 1 = 2.

) = 2008, 1 = 2007 + 1 = 2009.

:
2007  2009 + 1 = ( 1)( + 1) + 1 = 2 = 20082.
, 2007  2009 + 1 2008.

..
99  101 = (100 1)(100 + 1) = 100 2 1 2 = 10000 1 = 9999
1032 = (100 + 3) 2 = 100 2 + 2  100  3 + 3 2 = 10609

6 :
) (2x 3) 2 2(3x 1)(3x + 1) ) (x 2y) 3 (x y)(x 2 + xy + y 2).

) (2x 3)2 2(3x 1)(3x + 1) = (2x)2 2  2x  3 + 32 2(3x)2 12 =

= (4x2 12x + 9) 2(9x2 1) =
= 4x2 12x + 9 18x2 + 2 = 14x2 12x + 11
) (x 2y)3 (x y)(x2 + xy + y 2) = x 3 3  x2  2y + 3  x  (2y)2 (2y)3 (x3 y 3)=
= x3 6x 2y + 12xy 2 8y3 x3 + y3 =
= 6x 2y + 12xy 2 7y3

46
 1.5 A

7 ( 2 + 2)(x 2 + y 2) = (x + y) 2 + (y x) 2
( T Lagrange).

1 :
(2 + 2)(x2 + y2) = 2 x 2 + 2 y 2 + 2 x 2 + 2 y 2
2 :
(x + y)2 + (y x)2 = (x)2 + 2(x)(y) + (y)2 + (y)2 2(y)(x) + (x)2 =
= 2 x 2 + 2xy + 2 y 2 + 2 y 2 2xy + 2 x 2 =
= 2x2 + 2y2 + 2x2 + 2y2
(2 + 2)(x2 + y2) = (x + y)2 + (y x)2.

-
= , :

( 1, 2, 5)
1
= .
2
= .
= = = ( 7).

E
1 ;
) 0x = 0 ) x + y = 0 ) 2 = 3 ) (x + 3)2 = x2 + 6x + 9 ) = 0

2 .
i) (x + )2 :
) x2 + 2 ) x2 2x + 2 ) x2 + x + 2 ) x2 + 2x + 2
ii) (2 + 1)2 :
) 22 + 4 + 1 ) 42 + 1 ) 42 + 4 + 1 ) 42 + 2 + 1
iii) (y 2)2 :
) y2 2y + 4 ) y2 4 ) y2 4y + 4 ) y2 + 4y + 4

3 (), (),
.
) (x y)2 = x2 2x(y) + (y)2
) ( + )2 = 2 2 + 2
) (5 + 4)2 = 252 + 16
) (3x y)2 = 3x2 2  3x  y + y2

47
M - 1

4 .
i) T (x + 1)3 :
) x3 + 3  x  1 + 13 ) x3 + 13
) x3 + 3  x2  1 + 3  x  12 + 13 ) x3 + x2  1 + x  12 + 13
ii) T ( 2)3 :
) 3 3   2 + 23 ) 3 23
) 3 2  2 +  22 23 ) 3 3  2  2 + 3   22 23

5 () (),
.
) (x y)3 = x3 3x2y 3xy2 y3
) (2x + 3)3 = 2x3 + 3  2x2  3 + 3  2x  32 + 33
) (3x 1)3 = (3x)3 3(3x)2  1 + 3(3x)  12 + 13
) (x + 2)3 = x3 + 6x2 + 12x + 8

6 .
i) T (y 3)(y + 3) :
) y 2 3 ) 9 y 2 ) y 2 9 ) 3 y 2
ii) T (y + x)(x y) :
) y 2 x2 ) x2 y 2 ) (x y)2 ) x2 + y 2
iii) T ( 2)( + 2) :
) 2 22 ) 2 + 42 ) 42 2 ) 2 42
iv) T (5 x)(52 + 5x + x2) :
) 53 + x3 ) x3 53 ) 53 x3 ) 25 x3
v) To (x + 2)(x2 2x + 42) :
) x3 + 23 ) x3 (2)3 ) x3 23 ) x3 + 83

7
, .
B
. (x + y)(y x) 1. x2 2xy + y 2
2. x3 y3
. (x + y)2
3. x3 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 + y3
. (y x)2 4. y2 x2
. (x y)(x2 + xy + y2) 5. x2 + 2xy + y2
6. x2 y2
. (x + y)(x2 xy + y2)
7. x3 + y3
. (x y)3 8. x3 3x 2 y + 3xy 2 y3

48
 1.5 A

1 N :
) (x + 2)2 ) (y + 5)2 ) (2 + 1)2 ) ( + 2)2
) (3y + 2)2 ) (x2 + 1)2 ) ( y2 + y)2 ) (2x2 + 3x)2
) (x + 
2)2 ) (
x + 
y )2 (
) +
1 2
2 ) (
) +
4 2
)
2 N :
) (x 3)2 ) (y 5)2 ) (3 1)2 ) (2 )2
) (3y 2)2 ) (x2 2)2 ) (y2 y)2 ) (2x2 5x)2
) (x 
3 )2 ) (
x 
y )2 (
)
3 2
2 ) (
)
2 2
)
3 X :
) (
3 + 1)2 ) (
6 + 
5)2 ) (
2 3)2 ) (1 
7)2

4 :
) (x ... .....)2 = ..... + ..... + 9 ) ( ..... ... 4)2 = y2 ..... ... .....
) (..... .....)2 = 16x2 ... 8x ... ..... ) (..... ... 2)2 = ..... 4x2 ... .....

5 :
) (x + 1)3 ) (y + 4)3 ) (2 + 1)3 ) (3 + 2)3
) (x2 + 3)3 ) (y2 + y)3 ) (x 2)3 ) (y 5)3
) (3 1)3 ) (2x 3y)3 ) (y2 2)3 ) (2 2)3

6 :
) (x 1)(x + 1) ) (y 2)(y + 2) ) (3 )(3 + )
) (x + 4)(4 x) ) (x y)(x y) ) (x + y)(x y)
) (2x + 7y)(2x 7y) ) (x 2 )(x +2) ) (x + 
y )(
x 
y)

7 (x) = (x 3)2 + (3x + 1)2 10(x 1)(x + 1)

.

8 ) ( )( + )(2 + 2)(4 + 4) = 8 8.
) : 9  11  101  10001.

9 , ,
.
1 6 5 12
) ) ) )
51
 7 
 3 3 + 
2 23 + 
6

49
M - 1

10 :
) (x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9) ) (y + 2)(y 2 2y + 4)
) (2 + 1)(42 2 + 1) ) (1 )(1 + + 2)

11 :
) (x 4)2 + (2x + 5)2 ) (x2 1)2 (x2 3)(x2 + 3)
) (x + y)2 (x 2y)(x + 2y) + (2x y)2 ) (3x 4)2 + (3x + 4)2 2(3x 4)(3x + 4)
) (2 + 1)3 + (2 1)3 ) ( + 2)3 ( + 2)(2 2 + 4)
) ( + ) ( )
2 3 2 3
) (4 1)3 (8 + 1)(8 1)

12 :
) (x 2y)2 (2x y)2 + 3x2 = 3y2
) ( 3)2 + (3 + 2)(3 2) (3 )2 = 2 + 42
) (x 1)(x + 1)3 2x(x 1)(x + 1) = x4 1
) (2 + 2)2 (2)2 = (2 2)2
) ( 4)2 + (2 3)2 = 2 + (2 5)2
) (2x2 + 2x)2 + (2x + 1)2 = (2x2 + 2x + 1)2

13 A x = 3 + 
5 y = 3 
5, :
) xy ) x2 y2 ) x2 + y2 ) x3 + y3

( 5
) ( 5 ) = 20
2 2
14 ) +

) x = (2005 +
401 )
(2005
401 )
1 2 1 2

15 A , 1
.
5x+2
16 .
.
3x+2
.
4x+1
.

.
4
. ;

2 + 2 ( )2
17 ) = .
2
) ,
10 cm, 2 cm.

50
 1.5 A

18 +
,
.

;
.

1 (+)0= 1
1 1 (+) =
1
1 + 1
1 2 1 (+) =
2
1 + 2 + 12
2

1 3 3 1 (+)3= 13 + 32 + 32 +13
1 4 6 4 1 (+)4= 14+ 43 + 622 + 43 +14
1 1 (+)5= .... + .... + .... + .... + .... + ....
1 1 (+)6= .... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... ... .... .... ...

+ .

1.
,
.
Blaise Pascal (1623 - 1662)
.
1.

;

2. ( + )5
( + )6,
.

3. ( )6,
,
, +.
.. ( )2 = 2 2 + 2, ( )3 = 3 32 + 32 3

4. ;

51
 M - 1

A , ,
, ,
2 = 2 + 2 (1)

;
, , ,
(1), .
5, 4, 3 52 = 42 + 32.
, , ;
(6 ..)
2 + 1 2 1
, , , ( = 3, 5, 7, ...)
2 2
.
) ;
) .

(5 4 ..)
2 2
+ 1, 1, , ( = 4, 6, 8, ...)
4 4
.
) ;
)
.
O (3 ..)
,
(
). 2 + 2, 2 2, 2,
, , .
) ;
)
.
E

:
(,
...)
( ,
...).

52
 1.6

1. :
7 1
) 7,32  25 + 7,32  75 ) 347  347  R=32,50 m
6 6

2. R = 32,50 m
= 7,50 m.
=7,50 m

, , ,
,
.

, ,
, .

, R2 2
(R2 2) (R + )(R ) = R2 2,
:

R 2 2 = (R 2 2 ) = (R + )(R )

(R + )(R )

.

, ,
.

,
.

53
M - 1

)


, 3 + 3 3 = 3( + )

.
, 3 + 3 3
3, :
3 + 3 3 = 3( + ).

22 2 + 2, 2  2  + 2  1,
2.

,
: :
22
22 2 + 2 = 2( + 1). (2 2) : (2) = =
2
, 2
(2) : (2) = =
2
2.
2
(2) : (2) = =1
2

N :
) 12x 2 y 30xy 2 + 6x 2 y 2 ) ( x) + 3(x ) ) 3(2x 1) + x(4x 2)

) 12x 2 y 30xy 2 + 6x 2 y 2 =
6xy, : = 6xy(2x 5y + xy)

) , ( x)
3(x ). ( x) + 3(x ) =
x, = ( x) 3( x) =
3( x), : = ( x)( 3)

) A 3(2x 1) + x(4x 2) =
2, = 3(2x 1) + 2x(2x 1)=
2x 1, : = (2x 1)(3 + 2x)

) ()
x + y + 2x + 2y,
. ,

54
 1.6

2,
x + y. , :

x + y + 2x + 2y = (x + y) + 2(x + y) = (x + y) ( + 2)

T .
. , :

x + y + 2x + 2y = ( + 2) + y( + 2) = ( + 2) (x + y)

N :
) 3x 3 12x 2 + 5x 20 ) 3 3 + 9 ) 3x 2 + 5xy + 2y 2

) 3x3 12x2 + 5x 20 = 3x2(x 4) + 5(x 4) = (x 4)(3x2 + 5)

) 3 3 + 9 = ( 3) 3( 3) = ( 3)( 3)

) 3x2 + 5xy + 2y2 = 3x2 + 3xy + 2xy + 2y2 = M -

= 3x(x + y) + 2y(x + y) = ,

= (x + y)(3x + 2y).

.. 5xy = 3xy + 2xy

)

( + )( ) = 2 2, : 2 2 = ( + )( )
,
, .. 2 9 = 2 3 2 = ( + 3) ( 3).

N : ) 4 2 25 ) (3x 1) 2 81 ) 2 7.

) 42 25 = (2)2 52 = (2 + 5)(2 5)

) (3x 1)2 81 = (3x 1)2 92 =
= (3x 1 + 9)(3x 1 9) =
= (3x + 8)(3x 10) .

) 2 7 = 2 (
7 ) = ( 
2
7 )( + 
7)

55
M - 1

)
( )(2 + + 2) = 3 3 ( + )(2 + 2) = 3 + 3
:

3 3 = ( )(2 + + 2) 3 + 3 = ( + )(2 + 2)

,
, ..

x 3 64 = x 3 4 3 = (x 4) (x 2 + x  4 + 42) = (x 4) (x 2 + 4x + 16)
y 3 + 27 = y 3 + 3 3 = (y + 3) (y 2 y  3 + 32) = (y + 3) (y 2 3y + 9)

N : ) x3 27 ) x3 + 64 ) 8 3 3

) x3 27 = x3 33 = (x 3)(x2 + x  3 + 32) =

= (x 3)(x2 + 3x + 9)
) x3 + 64 = x3 + 43 = (x + 4)(x2 x  4 + 42) =
.
= (x + 4)(x2 4x + 16)

) 83 3 = (2)3 3 = (2 )(2)2 + 2  + 2 = (2 )(42 + 2 + 2)

)
( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2 ( )2 = 2 2 + 2 :

2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2 2 2 + 2 = ( )2

,
( ), .. O (x + 2)2
(y 3)2
x 2 + 4x + 4 = x 2 + 2  x  2 + 22 = (x + 2) 2 ,
y 2 6y + 9 = y 2 2  y  3 + 32 = (y 3) 2 (x + 2) 2 = (x + 2)(x + 2)
(y 3) 2 = ( y 3)( y 3)

N :
) 4 2 + 12 + 9 ) 2 10 + 25 2 ) 4y 2 + 4y 1

) 42 + 12 + 9 = (2)2 + 2  2  3 + 32 = (2 + 3)2

56
 1.6

) 2 10 + 252 = 2 2   5 + (5)2 =
= ( 5)2

) 4y2 + 4y 1 = (4y2 4y + 1) = 2 + 2 + 2 2 2 + 2
= (2y)2 2  2y  1 + 12 =
= (2y 1)2

) x 2 + ( + )x +
(x + )(x + ) x2 + ( + )x + ,
(x + )(x + ) = x2 + x + x + = x2+ ( + )x + .
, x2 + ( + )x +
x2 + ( + )x + = (x + )(x + )

, x2 + 8x + 12
12 ( ) 8 ( x).
Y 12 (.. 1  12, 2  6, 3  4 ...).
, 2 6 8. :
2 + 8 + 12 = 2 + (6 + 2) + 6  2 = ( + 6)( + 2)

N :
) x2 8x + 12 ) x2 + 5x 6 ) 3y 2 + 12y 9

) x2 8x +12,
( 2)+( 6)
12

8. x 8x + 12 = (x 2)(x 6)
2

,
. ( 2)( 6)

2 6.
x2 8x + 12 = (x 2)(x 6)
) x2 + 5x 6,
, 6 5.
6 1, x2 + 5x 6 = (x + 6)(x 1).
) 3y2 + 12y 9, -
3, y2 1,
3y2 + 12y 9 = 3(y2 4y + 3)
y2 4y + 3,
3 4. 3 1,
3y2 + 12y 9 = 3(y2 4y + 3) = 3(y 3)(y 1).

57
M - 1

1 ) 3x 2 18x.
) 3x 2 = 18x.

) H 3x2 18x : 3x2 18x = 3x(x 6).

) 3x2 = 18x 3x2 18x = 0
3x(x 6) = 0. 3x(x 6)
, 3x = 0 x 6 = 0, x = 0 x = 6.

x 1
2 A ,
1 .
y .

x
1

1
y
y 1

, 1
, x
, = x  1 + y  1 + xy + 1  1 = x + y + xy + 1.
, x + y + xy + 1=(x + xy) + (y + 1) = x
= x(1 + y) + (1 + y) = (1 + y)(x + 1). 1
, 1 + y 1 + x.
y 1

3
:
) 786  45 + 786  55 ) 2005 2 1995 2 ) 565  499 + 565  66 435 2.

) 786  45 + 786  55 = 786(45 + 55) = 786  100 = 78600

) 20052 19952 = (2005 1995)(2005 + 1995) = 10  4000 = 40000
) 565  499 + 565  66 4352 = 565(499 + 66) 4352 = 5652 4352 =
(565 435)(565 + 435) = 130  1000 = 130000

4 :
) 3x 2 y 12y 3 ) 5x 2 y + 10x 2 + 5xy + 10x ) x 4 16y 4
) 16 3 54 ) x 2 4x + 4 y 2 ) 3x 3 + 12x 2 15x

) 3x2 y 12y 3 = 3y(x2 4y2 ) = 3y x2 (2y)2 = 3y(x 2y)(x + 2y)

) 5x2 y + 10x2 + 5xy + 10x = 5x(xy + 2x + y + 2) = 5x y(x + 1) + 2(x + 1) =
= 5x(x + 1)(y + 2)

58
 1.6

) x 4 16y 4 = (x2)2 (4y2 )2 = (x2 + 4y2)(x2 4y2 ) = (x2 + 4y2) x2 (2y)2 =
= (x2 + 4y2 )(x 2y)(x + 2y)

) 163 54 = 2(83 27) = 2(2)3 33 = 2(2 3)(42 + 6 + 9)

) x 2 4x + 4 y 2 = (x2 2  x  2 + 22) y2 = (x 2)2 y2 = (x 2 + y)(x 2 y).

) 3x3 + 12x2 15x = 3x(x2 + 4x 5)

To x2 + 4x 5 , 5
4, 5 1.
, 3x2 + 12x2 15x = 3x(x2 + 4x 5) = 3x(x + 5)(x 1).

E
1 ;
) 2(x y)(x + y) ) 2 + (x y)(x + y) ) 4( )2 ) 4 + ( )2
) (x + 2y)x y ) (x + 2y)(x y) ) ( + )( + 3)
) ( + )( + 3) + 1.

2 .
) 8x + 16 = 8(.............) ) 3y y 2 = y(.............)
) 6x2 + 12x = .............(x + 2) ) 4x2 + 8x = 4x(.............)
) 
2x + 2 =  2(.............) ) (x 1)2 (x 1) = (x 1)(.............)

3 .
3x3 + 3x2 + x + 1 :
) 3x2(x + 1) ) (x + 3)(3x2 1) ) (x + 1)(3x2 + 1) ) x(3x2 + x + 1).

4 (), (),
.
) x2 22 = (x 2)(x + 2) ) x2 9 = (x 9)(x + 9)
) 1122 122 = 100  124 ) 4y2 1 = (4y 1)(4y + 1)
) 4x2 2 = (2x )(2x + ) ) 2 ( 1)2 = ( + 1)( 1)
x
5
(x y)(x + y), ;
y
.
x
6 .
y
) 3 23 = ( 2)(................................)
) 3 + 33 = ( + 3)(................................)
) (2x)3 1 = (2x 1)(................................)
) 1 + (5y)3 = (1 + 5y)(...............................)

59
M - 1

7 (), (),
.
) x3 53 = (x 5)(x2 5x + 25)
) 8 + 3 = (2 + )(22 2 + 2)
) (3y)3 + 1 = (3y + 1)(3y2 3y + 1)
) 1 (2)3 = (1 2)(1 + 2 + 42)

8 .
) x2 + 6x + 9 = (.............)2 ) 42 4 + 1 = (.............)2
) y4 2y2 + 1 = (.............)2 ) 25 + 10x3 + x6 = (.............)2

9
2 + 2 + , > 0,

) + 2 ) 2 + 1 ) + 1 ) ( + 1)

10 .
x2 + ( + )x + + (x + )(x + )
x2 + 3x + 2
x2 3x + 2
x2 + 5x 6
x2 + 5x + 6
x2 x 2
x2 + x 2

11 .
) x2 + ( + 2)x + 2 = (x + .....)  (x + .....)

) x2 + ( 3 )x + 
2 +  6 = (x + .....)  (x + .....)

1 N :
) 3 + 6 ) 2x 8 ) 82 + 6
) 9x2 6x ) 82 + 42 ) 2x2 2xy + 2x
) 2 + 2 ) 23 42 + 62 ) 
2 xy 18 y + 
8 y2

2 N :
) x( ) + y( ) ) (x + y) + (x + y) ) (3x 1)(x 2) (x + 4)(x 2)
) ( 2) 3(2 )
2
) 4x(x 1) x + 1 ) 2x2(x 3) 6x(x 3)2

60
 1.6

3 i) :
) x2 + x ) 2y2 5y ) ( 3) 2(3 ) ) (3 + 1) 4
ii) :
) x2 + x = 0 ) 2y2 = 5y ) ( 3) 2(3 ) = 0 ) (3 + 1) = 4

4 :
) x2 + xy + x + y
) 2x3 3x2 + 4x 6
) 12x2 8xy 15x + 10y
) x3 x2 + x 1 ) x3 5x2 + 4x 20
) 4x2 8x x + 2 ) 9 182 + 10 5
) x3 +  2 ) 
2 x2 + x +  6x2 + 22x 3x 2

5 :
) 72 + 10 + 32 ) 5x2 8xy + 3y 2 ) 3x2 xy 2y 2

6 ) 2 + 2 .
) , 2 + 2 = + ,
, .

7 :
) 22 2 + + x x ) 2 4 + 5 10 + 2 4

8 :
) x2 9 ) 16x2 1 ) 2 92
) 22 4 ) 362 ( + 5)2 ) 4(x + 1)2 9(x 2)2
1
) 2 16 ) x2 3 ) x2 2y2
x
9 :
) 2x2 32 ) 28 7y2 ) 2x3 2x ) 5x2 80 ) 2(x 1)2 8

10
, :
) = 53, = 28 ) = 0,37, = 0,12

) = 26, = 10

11 :
) x2 49 = 0 ) 9x3 4x = 0 ) x(x + 1)2 = 4x ) (x + 2)3 = x + 2

12 :
) x3 27 ) y3 + 8 ) 3 + 64 ) 8x3 1 ) 27y3 + 1

13 :
4 4
) 3x3 24 ) 164 + 2 ) R3 3 ) 4 + 4
3 3
14 :
) x3 ..... = (x 3)(..... + ..... + 9) ) ..... + y3 = (2x + y)(4x2 ..... + .....)
) 3 ..... = ( 2)(..... + ..... + 42 ) ) 3 + ..... = ( + 5)(..... ..... + 252 )

61
M - 1

15 :
) x2 2x + 1 ) y2 + 4y + 4 ) 2 6 + 9 ) 2 + 10 + 25
) 1 4 + 42 ) 9x4 + 6x2 + 1 ) 4y2 12y + 9 ) 16x2 + 8xy + y2
y2
1
) 252 10 + 2 ) ( + )2 2( + ) + 1 ) 2y + 9 ) x2 + x +
9 4
16 :
) 3x2 + 24x + 48 ) y2 + 4y 4 ) 22 8 + 82 ) 43 + 122 + 9

17 :
) x
. y
x
)
2x y
.

18 , 1
x
. x

19 : x+2 B
) x2 + 3x + 2 ) y2 4y + 3 ) 2 + 5 + 6 ) + 6 + 5
2

) x2 7x + 12 ) y2 y 12 ) 2 9 + 18 ) 2 + 3 10

20 :
) x2 + (2 + 
3)x + 2
3 ) x2 + (2 + 3)x + 6 ) x2 + (3 
2)x 3
2

21 :
) 22 + 10 + 8 ) 32 12 15 ) x2 7x + 6

22 -
.
) 1453  1821 1453  821 ) 8012 + 199  801 ) 9982 4
) 999  1001 + 1 ) 9992 + 2  999 + 1 ) 972 + 6  97 + 9

23 :
) x2y2 4y2 x2 + 4 ) x4 1 + x3 x ) x3(x2 1) + 1 x2
) (x2 + 9)2 36x2 ) 2 2 + 2 + ) x2 2xy + y2 2
) 1 2 + 2 2 ) y2 x2 10y + 25 ) 2(x1)(x24)5(x1)(x2)2
) (y2 4)2 (y + 2)2 ) (2 + 2 2)2422 ) (x2+9)(2+4) (x+6)2
24 E x, y
,
. y
xy x 2y + 2,

. x

62
 1.7

(x) (x).

(x) (x).

1. A 325
19 , ;
.

2. (x) (x) = x2 x,
(x) = 2x2 3x 1 (x) = 7x 4.

, () ()
 0 : ,
() (), :

= + <

= 0, =  .
.

, = 325 = 19, 325 19

325 : 19, = 17 = 2, 19 17

135
133
325 = 19  17 + 2 2 < 19
2

, (x) () (x) () (x)0

(x) : (x),
(x) () (x) (), :

(x) = (x)(x) + (x) (T )

(x) (x).

,
(x) = 2x2 5x3 + 2x4 4 + 8x (x) = x2 x.

63
M - 1

2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x

x.

2x4
x2 (
2x4
x2
= 2x2 ) 2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
22
To 2x2
.

2x2,
, x2 x
2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
2x2(x2 x) = 2x4 2x3
2x 4 + 2x3 22
.
, 3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4
-

1 = 3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4.

3x3
2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
1 x2 2x 4 + 2x3 22 3
( 3x3
)
2 = 3x . 3x
x 3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4
.

3x, - 2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x

, x2 x
2x 4 + 2x3 22 3
3x(x2 x) = 3x3 + 3x2 - 3x3 +2x2 + 8x 4
1 3x3 3x2
2 = x2 + 8x 4. x2 + 8x 4

2x 4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 x2 x
2x 4 + 2x3 2231
( ) 3x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4
3x3 3x2
x2 x ( ), x2 + 8x 4
. 2
7 4
, :
2x4 5x3 + 2x2 + 8x 4 = (x2 x)  (2x2 3x 1) + (7x 4)
() = ()  () + ()

.

64
 1.7

(8x4 + 8x3 + 17x 5) : (2x2 + 3x 1), :

2 , 8x 4 + 8x3 + 17x 5 2x2+3x1

, - 8x 4123 + 42 422+5
, 4x3 + 4x2 + 17x 5
- + 4x3 + 6x2 2
102 + 15x 5
. 102 15x + 5
0
, ,
:
8x4 + 8x3 + 17x 5 = (2x2 + 3x 1)  (4x2 2x + 5)
() = ()  ()

T = 2x2 + 3x 1 = 4x2 2x + 5
= 8x4 + 8x3 + 17x 5.

,
: , , =  .

1 ) (4x 4 + 3x 2 1) : (2x 1).
) 4x 4 + 3x 2 1 .

)
) 4x4
+ 3x2
1 2x 1 , :
4x + 2x
4 3
2x3+x2+2x+1 4x4+3x2 1=(2x1)(2x3+x2+2x+1).

2x3 + 3x2 1
:
2x + x
3 2
2x3 + x2 + 2x + 1 =
4x2 1
= x2(2x + 1) + (2x + 1) =
4x + 2x
2
= (2x + 1)(x2 + 1).
2x 1 E,
2x+ 1 4x4 + 3x2 1
0 :
4x4 + 3x2 1 = (2x 1)(2x + 1)(x2 + 1).

65
M - 1

2 = 3x + 2
= 3x 3 4x 2 2x + 2 3.

,
: . : .
3x3 4x2 2x + 23 3x + 2
3x3 2x2 :
6x2 2x + 23 x2 2x + 2 3x3 4x2 2x + 23 =
= (3x + 2)(x2 2x + 2),
6x2 + 42x
3x + 2
+ 32x + 23

32x 23
3x3 4x2 2x + 23
0

E
1 :
i) 4x + 7 :
) 1 ) 2 ) 3 ) .
ii) To x 4x + 9
2

:
) 5 ) 3x 2 ) x2 + 3 ) 4x.
iii) (x) 2x + x + 5 x4 + x 2,
2

(x) :
) 4 ) 6 ) 8 ) .

2 :


8 3
7 2
6 3

3 (), (),
:
) (2x + 1)(x + 3) 2x + 1 x + 3.
) x + 6 x2 + 2.
) 6 2 ,
3 .
) x 4 x2 16.
) To (x3 + 1) : (x + 1) x2 x + 1.

66
 1.7

1 N
.
) (2x3 + x2 3x + 6) : (x + 2) ) (6x3 x2 10x + 5) : (3x + 1)
) (6x4 x2 + 2x 7) : (x 1) ) (4x3 + 5x 8) : (2x 1)
) (x5 x4 + 3x2 + 2) : (x2 x + 2) ) (9x4 x2 + 2x 1) : (3x2 x + 1)
) (8x4 6x2 9) : (2x2 3) ) (3x5 2x3 4) : (3x2 1)

2 N , .
) 6x2 + ..... + ..... ..... + 2 ) ..... + ..... + 2x + 20 x + .....
6x .....
2
2x + ..... ..... 6x2 2x2 + ..... .....
18x + ..... 4x2 + ..... + 20
18x ..... ..... .....
0 10x + .....
..... + .....
.....
3 x x + 1 2x + 3 3x + 2;
2

4 N Q(x) (x), :
) (x) = 6x3 7x2 + 9x 18 Q(x) = 2x 3
) (x) = 2x4 x2 + 5x 3 Q(x) = x2 + x 1.

5 ) (x4 2x3 8x2 + 18x 9) : (x2 9)

) N x4 2x3 8x2 + 18x 9.

6 ) x + 1 x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 1.
) N x4 + 4x3 + 6x2 + 4x + 1.

7 3 + 3
, + .
, ;

8 (x) = (x3 + 2)(x2 5) + 4x2 6x + 7. N

) (x) : (x3 + 2) ) (x) : (x2 5)
9 (6x3 + ) : (x 1) ,
.
x y
10 2x3 x2 4x + 3
(x 1)2, . x x

11
, 45 , y
56 16 .
5x + 4y, ;
y

67
 1.8 ... ...

:

.

1. 12, 24, 300
... ... .

2. ... ...
12x3y2, 24x2y3, 300x4y
3(x y)(x + y), 18(x y)2, 9(x y).

... ...
.
, 12, 24 300,
, :
12 = 2 2  3 24 = 2 3  3 300 = 2 2  3  5 2
,
...(12, 24, 300) = 23  3  52 = 600 (
).
...(12, 24, 300) = 2  3 = 12
2
(
).

, ... ... -
. :
(...)
,
.

(...)
,
.

. , ...,
...
... ... .

68
 1.8 ... ...

,
12x 3 y 2 , 24x 2 y 3 , 300x 4 y
... = 600x 4 y 3 ... = 12x 2 y
3(x y)(x + y), 18(x y)2, 9(x y)
... = 18( y) (x + y) ... = 3( y)
2

1 N ... ... 6x 3 y, 9x 2 y 2 , 3xy 4 .

O 6, 9, 3 ... = 18 ... = 3,
... = 18x 3 y 4 2 ... = 3xy.

2 N ... ... :
= 12x 3 12x 2, B = 18x 2 36x + 18 = 9x 2 9x.

= 12x2 12 = 12(x2 1) = 12(x 1)(x + 1)

. = 18x2 36x + 18 = 18(x2 2x + 1) = 18(x 1)2
... = 9x2 9x = 9x(x 1)
... 12, 18, 9
. ... = 36 ... = 3.
... , ,
... . ... = 36x(x 1)2(x + 1) ... = 3(x 1).

E
1 -
, ... .
B

1. 6x2(x + 2)2
. x (x + 2) ,
4 2
x(x + 2) 3

2. x3(x + 2)3
. x3(x + 2), x(x + 2)3
3. 6x2(x + 2)
. 6x2(x + 2), 2x(x + 2)2
4. x (x + 2)
4 3

69
M - 1

2 , ...
, .
4x 3 2 x(x 1) 9(x 1)2
B
6x 2
x 2 (x 1)
8x 5

3 -
, ... .
B

1. 6x2(x + 1)2
. 6x (x + 1) ,
3 2
3x(x + 1) 3
2. 3x(x + 1)2
. 2x2(x + 1)3, 3x4(x + 1)2
3. 3x2(x + 1)
. 3x2(x + 1), 6x3(x + 1)2
4. x2(x + 1)2

4 ...
, .

3x 2 x 4 ( x 2) 2 6(x 2)3
B
6 x (x 2) 2
2 x 3 (x 2)
3x3(x 2) 3

1 ... ... :
) 12x 3 y 2 2 , 18x 2 y 3 , 24x 2 y 3 4
) 15xy 3 , 10x 2 2 , 5y2
) 2x2(x + y)2, 3xy3(x + y)2, 8x2y(x y)(x + y)

2 ... ... :
) 6(x2 y2), 4(x y)2, 12(x y)3
) 2 3 + 2, 2 4, 3 4
) 3 2 , (2 )(2 1), 3 22 +

70
 1.9

.
.

1. x + 4 x = 0;
3

x1
M x = 1;

2. ;
6  2 + 7, 627 , 627
32 3+2 32

3. ;
6x + y , 6xy , 6xy
3x 3+x 3x

(
M ..
x3 + 4
x1
,
xy
, 2
x+y x +4
2
)

, .

, .
x3 + 4
, , x  1.
x1

, ,
.

, , ,
.

6x + y , 6 x y ,
,
3x 3x
3x. A
6y 6y : 3x 2y
, = = 1 = 2y
3x 3x : 3x

H , ,
6y 3  2y
= 3 = 2y
3x

71
M - 1

A ,
:

5x 10
, :
x2 4
5x 10 5(x 2) 5(x 2) 5
= 2 2 = =
x 4
2
x 2 (x 2)(x + 2) x+2

1 ;
x2 + 7x + 2 x2 + 6 x2 + y2
) ) )
x x+2 xy

x2 + 7x + 2
) H , x
x
, x  0.

x2 + 6
) O , x + 2  0, x  2.
x+2
x2 + y2
) , x, y ,
xy
x y  0, x  y.

2 N :
12x 3 y 2 3x 2 3 x2 2xy + y2
) ) )
8xy 3 6x 2 6x x3 y3

12x 3 y 2
) ,
8xy3
12x 3 y 2 3x 2 2
=
8xy 3
2y2

)
3x 2 3 3(x 2 1) 3(x 1)(x + 1) x+1
= = =
6x 6x
2
6x(x 1) 6x(x 1) 2x

x2 2 x y + y2 (x y)2 xy
) = = 2
x y
3 3
(x y)(x2 + xy + y2) x + xy + y2

72
 1.9

E
1
, .

B
. 1 1. x  1
x
. x1 2. x  0 x  1

x+1
x
.  3. x  1
x2 1
. 2(x 1) 4. x  1 x  1

x1
3 5.
.  2
x +1
6. x  0

2 (), (),
.
x2/ + 1 x (x + 1)
) =x+1 ) =x+1
x x

(x + 2)(x + 1) x+2 x + 2(x + 1) x+2

) = ) =
4(x + 1) 4 4(x + 1) 4

x2 y2 (x y)2/
) =x+y ) =x+y
xy xy

3 :

7x 7 ( + )(............) x(x + 1)
) = ) =1 ) =x
x(............) x2 ( )(............) ............
x(x + 1) ............ 1 3(x + 2) 3
) =x+1 ) = ) =
............ 2(+) 2 + ............ x+2

4 x,
x x 1
, =
x (x 4) x(x 4) x4
x  4. ;

73
M - 1

1 :
1 y+3 2 6x + 1
) ) ) )
x4 2y 5 ( + 1)2 x(x 3)

2 :
4x 3y2 2x2 5 2 3
) ) ) )
6x 12y 8x 2 10 2

x+4 y1 2 ( )( )
) ) ) )
4+x 1y (2 ) 2 ( )( )

3 :
6x 3y 9 x2 + x 5 2 20
) ) ) )
2x + 4x
2
y2 3y 2 + x ( 2)2

x2 16 y2 1 6x2 + 3x 2 + + 2
) ) ) )
x2 4x y2 + 2y + 1 4x 2 2 3 3

4 :
x2 + 3x + 2 y2 5y + 4 3 22 +
) ) )
x2 + 4x + 4 y2 6y + 8 3

5 :
x(x 1) + 4(x 1) y(y 3) + y 2 9
) )
x2 + 2x 3 4y 2 9

(2 + 1)2 ( + 2)2 ( + 1)( 2)2 4( + 1)

) )
4 1 3 + 2

6

5 m/sec.

4 m/sec2.
t sec

5
t + m/sec
2

74
 1.10

A
1. : 4  35 , 2 3,

5 4
2 4
:
5 7
2. :
3xy , 3x 2 2 2 , 9x 3x 2
2x   :
5 2 9xy y + 1 5y + 5

-
, .

 =  =

.
5x2 3x  5x2 15x3
, 3x  = =
2y 2y 2y
x2 1 2x (x2 1)  2x 2x(x 1)(x + 1) 2x
 = = =
3x + 3 x1 (3x + 3)(x 1) 3(x + 1)(x 1) 3

,
.

: =  =

. ,
x 2x 2 x x2 1 x(x2 1) x (x 1)(x + 1) x1
: 2 =  = 2 = =
x+1 x 1 x+1 2x 2
(x + 1)  2x 2x (x + 1)
2
2x

75
M - 1

, , :






 =


=



.
22

x 2 2 x 2 x
, = =
4 4x 2

x2

1 3x x2 2x + 1 x2 + 2x
N : ) (5x 2 + 5x)  ) 
2x + 2 3x + 6 x1

3x (5x2 + 5x)3x 5x(x + 1)3x 15x2

) (5x2 + 5x)  = = =
2x + 2 2x + 2 2(x + 1) 2

x2 2x + 1 x2+2x (x22x+1)(x2+2x) (x 1)2/ x(x + 2) (x 1)x x2 x

)  = = = =
3x + 6 x1 (3x + 6)(x 1) 3(x + 2)(x 1) 3 3

2 N : 2 x2
x2 2 x3 3 2
) : )
x x2 2 + 2x

x2 2 x3 3 x2 2 x2 (x 2 2 )x 2 (x )(x + )x 2/
) : =  3 3 = = =
x x2
x x x(x )
3 3
x(x )(x2 + x + 2)
(x + )x x 2 + x
= 2 =
x + x +
2
x + x + 2
2

2 x2
2 ( 2 x 2 ) ( x)( + x) x
) = 2 = =
2 + 2x (2 + 2x) 22/ ( + x) 2

76
 1.10

E
1 (), (),
.
1 x 1 x
) x  = ) x  =
y xy y y
2 3 2 3x2
) 3x : = ) 3x : =
x 2 x 2
x1 5 5 x2 x 2
)  = )  =
y x1 y x x x2
2 + 1
)  =0 ) : =1
+12 +2 +2

2 :
.......... 6x2 x 1 1 4x ..........
) 3x  = )  = 2 ) : =
y y y .......... y y y
x + 2 .......... x + 2 .......... x x+2 x
)  =1 ) : =1 ) : =
x 1 .......... x1 .......... y .......... x+2

1 :
1 x 9x 1 1
) 2  )  ) 12x2 
x y 4y 3x 9x
6 3 4
)
23
32 
42
) (52) 
3
10
) ( 2
 2
) ( )
2 :
3 2 x3 x2
) 8x :
6
x
1
) 2 :
y y ( ) (
)
3 )
: 32 (
)
2) (
:
42 )
3 :
2x + 6 4x y5 2+y x x 3 2
)  )  ) 
x2 x+3 y+2 5y x 2 3 x 2
2

2 4 +3 x2 + x x2 + 5x+6 4y2 9 y2 + 3y
)  2 )  ) 
+ 6
2
+2 x 4
2
x2 + 3x 4y2 12y+9 2y2 + 3y
4 :
2y 1 1 2y +2
)
x+4 x+4
5
:
15
)
y+1
:
1+y
) (
: ( + 2))
+1 ( + 1)2 x + y x2 + xy x2 4 x2
) : ) : ) :
2 x2 xy xy x3+8 x2 2x+4

5 :
) ( 
x+1 x + 2 )
x 2 4x + 4 8x 8
:
x+2
)
x + 2 2x + 6 x + 2
x1
:
x1

x+3 ( ) ) ( xx+ 12 : 2xx +16 )  xx ++ 23

77
M - 1

B

1. : 7 + 19 11 , 3 + 1 1.
9 9 9 2 6 3
2. :
3x 2x 1 7+x 3 + 1 1.
+ ,
x2 x2 x2 2 6 3

+
+ = =

. ,

3x 2x 1 7+x 3x + (2x 1) (7 + x)
+ = =
x2 x2 x2 x2

3x + 2x 1 7 x 4x 8 4(x 2)
= = = =4
x2 x2 x2

A ,
...
, .
,
2 5 2
+
2
3x 3x 6x 3x 3
:

. 3x 2 3x = 3x(x 1) 3x 3 = 3(x 1)

...
. ... = 6x(x 1)

2 x1 2x
M 2 5
. + 2 = 2
+
5
2 =
3x23x 6x 3x 3 3x(x 1) 6x 3(x 1)

E 4 + 5 (x1) 4x 4 + 5x 5 4x x1 1
. = = = =
6x(x1) 6x(x1) 6x(x1) 6x

78
 1.10

1 9x + 6 15 4 2 1
N : ) ) 2 2
x 1
2
2x 2 x
2 2
x x x + x

) , :
x2 1 = (x 1)(x + 1) 2x 2 = 2(x 1)
T ... 2(x 1)(x + 1).
2 x +1
9x + 6 15 9x + 6 15 2(9x + 6) 15(x +1)
= = =
x2 1 2x 2 (x 1)(x +1) 2(x 1) 2(x 1)(x +1)
18x + 12 15x 15 3x 3 3(x 1) 3
= = = =
2(x 1)(x +1) 2(x 1)(x +1) 2(x 1)(x +1) 2(x +1)
) , :
x2 2 = (x )(x + ), x2 x = x(x ), x2 + x = x(x + )
... x(x )(x + ).
x x + x
4 2 1 4 2 1
2 2 = =
x2 2 x x x + x (x )(x + ) x(x ) x(x + )
4x 2(x + ) (x ) 4x 2x 2 x + x 1
= = = =
x(x )(x + ) x(x )(x + ) x(x )(x + ) x(x + )

x x
2
50.000 . x1 A
,
x+1 B
m 2 x
m 2 m 2
x
. ( m).
1
1

A 50000 ,
100000 . x(x 1) m2,
x(x + 1) m2 (x2 1) m2.
50000 50000
m2 ,
x(x 1) x(x +1)
100000
. :
x2 1
x+1 x1
50000 50000 50000(x +1) + 50000(x 1) 100000x 100000
+ = = =
x(x 1) x(x +1) x(x 1)(x +1) x(x 1)(x+1) x2 1

, m2 m2
m2 .

79
M - 1

E
1 (), (),
.
x 1 1 1 2
) + =1 ) + =
x+1 x+1 x y x+y

+4 4 + +
) =1 ) + =0

x 1+x +2 2
) 1 + = ) =
x x x

2
. ;

) + = = =1

3x + 2 2x 1 3x + 2 2x 1 x+1
) = = =1
x+1 x+1 x+1 x+1

3 N :
x x x 2x
) .......... = 0 ) +.......... = 1 ) ..........+ =
x+6 x+6 x+1 x+1
5 1 2x 1 3x + 8
) .......... = ) +.......... = 2 ) .......... = 3
x+2 x+2 x x

1 :
1 1 3 2 1 1 1 2
) + ) ) )
x y x+1 x y2 y 2 2 + 1

2 :
2x 3 y6 4 3 + 6 4
) ) 2 )
2x 6 x3 y + 2y y+2 2 4 2 4
1 x 9x 3 +7 3
) + ) + 2 )
2x + 12 36 x2 x2 x x 2 + 4 + 3 + 1

3 :
1 1 1 1 1
x y2+ +1 +   
x y
) ) 1 ) 1 )
1
1+  y 1
x y 3  

80
 1.10

4 :
x2 4 8 3 2 2x + 16y
) + 2 ) + 2
x x2 x 2x x + 2y x 2y x 4y2

y2 6 2 3 x2 y2 2xy2
) + ) + 2
y2 5y + 6 y2 y3 xy x+y x y2

5 :

(
x+3 x 1
)( ) x3
 xx + 31 + (x 1)  : (xx 1)
3
2
) 1+ )
2x + 1 2x 1 4x 3 2 2 2

) ( 1
2
+ 2
2 )(

+
+
) ) (

+


1 :
2
) (
+
2
)
x3 y3
6 ) + xy = (x + y)2.
xy
563 443
) + 56  44.
12
2x x2 1
7 ) = = , 2 + 2 = 1.
x2 + 1 x2 + 1
200 9999
) 1, ,
10001 10001
.

= 3 (1 + )2 + 4 (

+
1
2 )
1
+ (

2004 )  , = 32 = 3.
2004 0

( ... 2002).
2 , :
) ( + 3)2+1 + ( 3)2+1 = 0 ) (x y )2 (y + x)2 = 0

x
3 = 1 , :
y 2
4x2 6xy + y2 2x3 2xy2 + 3y3
= B=
x2 + y2 x2y + y3

4 (x) = 2x2 + 2x + 800.

) (1 x) = P(x).
) (100) (99).

81
M - 1

5 ) 3 + 3 + 3 3 = ( + + )(2 + 2 + 2 ).
( uler).
) + + = 0, + + = 3.
3 3 3

) (x y)3 + (y )3 + ( x)3.

1 = 7 , :
6 A + =
3 3

) 2 + 2 = 43 ) (3 + 1)2 + (3 + 1)2 + 9( + ) = 40
9

7 A x, y
x, y .
) x4 2y2 = x2(y2 2) ) x3 + y3 = x2y + xy2

8 ) x2 + 4x + 3,
x2 + 2x 3.
1 1 1
) = 2 + 2 + 2
x + 4x + 3 x 1 x + 2x 3

9 = x(x + 3) = (x + 1)(x + 2).

) = + 2 + 1 = ( + 1)2.
) x(x + 1)(x + 2)(x + 3) + 1.

10 ) 16x4 + 8x2 + . .
)
4x 4x2 1.

11 ) A , 2 + .
) ,
6, 1.
) -
8.

12 ) (x6 1) : (x 1)
7 6 1 6.
) (x5 + 1) : (x + 1)
215 + 1 9.

1 1 1
13 ) = .
(x 1)x x1 x

) x 2, 3, 4,
1 1 1 1 2007
..., 2008 + + + ... + =
12 23 34 2007  2008 2008

82
 1.10

E 1o K
.

.. 2x 2 3y + 4
,
.

.
.. 3x 2y (3 , x 2y ).
, .. 3x 2y , 72y, x2y

,
.

, -
.
.. 2x 2y + 32y 2y = 42y
A
. .. 6x 2 + 2 42 + 3 = 22 + 5

.
-
, -
. .. (3x 2y)  (2y3) = 6x3y4
-
.
1 12x4y
.. (12x 4y) : (32y) = 12x4y  = = 4x2
32y 32y

,
. .. 3x 2y 5y + 2 ( 3x 2y, 5y, 2
).

- -
.

)
.
)
.

(x) (x) (x)  0

(x) : (x), (x) (x)
: (x) = ()() + () ( )
(x)
(x). A (x) = 0, (x) (x)
(x).

83
M - 1

.
-
.
:

( + )2 = 2 + 2 + 2
( )2 = 2 2 + 2
( + ) 3 = 3 + 3 2 + 3 2+ 3
( ) 3 = 3 3 2 + 3 2 3
( + )( ) = 2 2
( ) ( 2 + + 2) = 3 3
( + ) ( 2 + 2) = 3 + 3

.
.
:
x + x = x( + )
x + y + x + y =
= (x + y) + (x + y) = ( + )(x + y)
2 2 = ( + )( )
3 + 3 = ( + ) ( 2 + 2)

3 3 = ( ) ( 2 + + 2)
2 + 2 + 2 = ( + )2

2 2 + 2 = ( )2
x2 + ( + )x + x2 + ( + )x + = (x + )(x + )

.
,
.

2x 2 5
..
+ 4

. ,
.
.

84