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    Instrumentation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    4 views65 pages

    PT Test Level II

    Uploaded by

    Orley G Fadriquel
    Instrumentation

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 65
    20-80-Ld La100 8007 49a ‘aqeIYIP189 @SNO}|-UT Jad & YIM papueme aq |j}m jouUOSsad payliend “uoneuwexe jeu ayy Jo %0Z Jo wnwuIUW e UJeIGo ysNW quedipied ays “paynpuos aq jjim UoReUTWeXe ‘asinoD OLN Jo PUD OLA IV ALNGINGAIHOV sjouuosied uosonpoid pue sioyedsuy 90 /siaujbua 30 puemoy payauip Auewd S| BS1N0D SIU LONELY @LHORS OFA “Sunsey 4 Jo 3891 jwoHowlg “Buu podas ‘ Suns} Le JO UOENSUOWOC —¢ NOSSO] “somynuryuoasip Jo sodky, ntijiuoosip dyes pue Suissaoord quaxeyur :A10B9yv9 sanINUTUODSI “suoneoipul on pure jueAajal-UOU ‘Os]e} :UOREDIPUI Jo Sok] 4 UOSsar] “Bumueopo sod ‘uorjoodsur Squowdoyaaep uorsvoipur ‘uoreaydde zadojaaap ‘TwAouroa Juen}IUId SSOOKO ‘aun jap ywenouad “uoneoydde jwenouad ‘woresedoad oovysng “Bupsoy qunxjoued ofp jo sdays Suyssao0ad o1seg ¢ OSS] suorwoypistmuo ysod pur ‘21qvaoures quaAyos ‘9]qayseAs so}eM Jo SaBeuEApUsip 2y SaSzWUEAPY ssanoad juenouag pur sosp Jo sad) Suexjouad yo AIGy “spoypou Suruvayo pue uoyreredaid oowjang 7 wossar] ‘suonneoard Mayeg “dupsor quenouad pinbyj Jo sadequeapesip pur soBeyweapy Bunsoy uenouad pinby Jo sasn uowMOD — | u s<2'] ——s9pTMp SUP GOT, poupow ous 4o yeonoead pue uoNENsuoUrap saplaoid “Azoatp a1svq oMp s0A09 29sinoo oj], “foutOSIOd T] JOAa7] LCN JO} VI-OJ-INS Ut payioads sueuremnbar Sujuren oxp yar K4dwoo 0} pouBisap dypeioads S| asinoo SIE, zaapaefg osin03 s[euopeU snowy-toU pu snonay Ut SapINUITUODSIP Sd1AI9s 40 Suissado1d uarayul 3780] 0} pasn S| Supsey 1ueToudg :woRINposUy (uopeujuexs pue eanarad ) sayy + (x09) say zz :sAOyy Supra, “ONLISHL LNVULINGA ~ 0 THAT UOT ONINIVAL CAGNAWINODTA es @eo0o000 2oa6oe0 PENETRANT TESTING — Lesson 1 Common uses of PT Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. 1.0 Uses of Liquid Penetrant Testing (PT). PT is a nondestructive means of locating surface discontinuitie: or capillary action. based on capillarity PT is one of the most widely used nondestructive evaluation (NDE) methods. PT can be used to inspect almost any material provided that its! extremely rough or porous. Materials that are commonly inspected using PT include the fol surface is not owing: metals (aluminum, copper, steel, titanium, ete.), glass, many ceramic materials | molded rubber, plastics. It can be applied in a large variety of applications ranging from automotive spark plugs to critical aircraft components. Penetrant material can be applied with a spray can or it can be i quickly inspect large areas. applied by dipping to PT is used to inspect of flaws that break the surface. Some of these flaws are: fatigue cracks, quench cracks, grinding cracks, impact fractures, Japs, seams and pin holes in welds. Jan 2008 OoiET o PENETRANT TESTING — Lesson 1 Common uses of PT Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. 2.0 Advantages Penetrant Testing | The method has high sensitive to small surface discontinuities. | Metallic and nonmetallic, magnetic and nonmagnetic, and con juctive and nonconductive materials may be inspected. Large areas and large volumes of parts/materials can be inspected rapidly and at low cost. Parts with complex geometric shapes are routinely inspected. Indications are produced directly on the surface of the part. a Aerosol spray cans make penetrant materials very portable. Penetrant materials and associated equipment are relatively inexpensive. 3.0 Disadvantages Penetrant Testing Only surface breaking defects can be detected. Nonporous surface cannot be inspected. Precleaning is critical as contaminants can mask defects. Jan 2008 OoiET PENETRANT TESTING — Lesson 1 *© Common uses of PT Plant Engineering 4.0 Contaminants: A list of contaminants that must b seale, and even water. Surface preparation by sandblasting is not recommended. Construction Pte Ltd. e removed would include dirt, oil, grease, rust, The cleaning solvent used must be volatile ( readily vaporized) and does not dilute the penetrant. Metal smearing from prior to PT. 5,0 Viscosity ASTM Std D-445. 6.0 Wetting ability. The wetting ability of penetrants is an important machining, grinding, and grit blasting must be removed relates to the thickness or body ofa fluid. Tests to measure viscosity physical properties of penetrants that affects their penetrability and a. characteristics. The wetting ability is controlled by th the penetrant.. OoiET e contact angles ant surface tension of |e d oe Lh @ - eose6e008 2 > oe PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 1 Common uses of PT Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. A highly volatile penetrant ll dry more rapidly on the test object surface during the dwell. T 8.0 Flammability Penetrant suppliers usually consider 135°F as the flashpoint temperature. Some spray cam developer contain alcohols that will flash/at mear-room temperatures. 9.0 Safety precautions. Liquid penetrants are usually flammable and some upon irritation. The developing powders used are nontoxic but, Most of the penetrant suppliers who supp! developers can also supply nonflammable types that use 4 iy flammables chlorinated solvent. mtact , can cause skin in confined spaces, can become hazard hazard. The black light used in fluorescent penetrants are in the ultraviolet spectrum of light rays that can cause sunburn. Jan 2008 OoiET & S - Common uses of PT _-@ eB ss most penetrant materials burn readily, smoking is forbidden in or near open flame. PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 1 | Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. By 9.1 Fire. Flashpoint is the lowest temperature at which vapors above a volatile combustible 2% substance ignite when exposed to flame. Safe practice requires that penetrant materials used in open tanks have a minimum flashpoint of 125°! (62°C). Because a} Penetrant materials are never stored near heat or open flame. 9.2 Skin irritation. To prevent unnecessary contact with penetrant materials protetive hand gloves are used. Soap and water are used to remove any penetrant materials that have come in contact with the skin. 9.3 Air pollution. Dust and vapors from materials used in liquid penetrant testing are nontoxic but inhalation of excessive amounts can be a health hazard. To avoid unhealthful concentrations of developer powder in the atmosphere, exhaust fans are installed in confined space area where dry developers are used. Jan 2008 OoiET 5 -@ PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson i 4 Common uses of PT Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. | 9.4 Blacklight. Is required in fluorescent penetrant testing. The equipment usu: ally consists of a current regulating transformer, a mercury are bulb and filter. The black light used to cause fluorescence of penetrants materials has a frequency of approximately 3650 angstroms. (800 microwatts/ cm.) At least a five minute heat up time is required to yeach the correct arc temperature when using mercury are lamps. Since switching the lamp on andjoff shortens bulb life, once turned on the lamp is usually left on during the entire test or work period. If the black light is swithed off, it may take up to 10 minutes ap to cool sufficiently to reestablish an are. The deep red-purple filter is designed to pass only those wavele of light that will activate the fluorescent material. There is no danger of injury to|the human eye. It is suggested that the filter be checked prior to each use. | Jan 2008 PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 1 Common uses of PT Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. LESSONi QUIZ. Tick (J) True (_) or False ( ) Qi. Nonmetallic inclusions and porosity in the steel are commdnly found using liquid penetrant inspection techniques. True( ) or False O ETAL CLUSION INSTEAD OAAMRE TALI eLutor> Because of the capillary action of the penetrants, this process of inspection works well on parts with very porous surfaces. True () or False (J powouse cunrAces moter? ef non PxOUS ANCA When doing a liquid penetrant test, the configuration of the specimen has little effect on the effectiveness of the test. True () or False (-) Ceipeeia we Seere wD Liquid penetrant inspection can be used only on metals such as aluminum and steel. True( ) or False () The penetrant inspection method is used only on the Ae product. True( ) or False eal Jan 2008 OoiET ee eo 0 606 PENETRANT TESTING — Lesson 1 Common uses of PT Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. Q7 Flashpoint refers to exposed to flame. True (/) or False q) Q8. One of the most common contaminants in the penetrant |method is water. True (J or False ( ) Q9. The most common method of surface preparation for penetrant testing is sandblasting. True ( ) or False) cand , Ty Q10. Chemical etching is sometimes used to remove smeared surface to open discontinuities. True (~) or False ( Qi. Blow holes and gas porosity may be detected with the peietrant method. True(7 or False ( ) Jan 2008 OoiET Oil and whiting are the names of the two men who invented the penetrant test ie is | method. True( ) or False (”) (se Om the eA Lea > the lowest ee at which paras will ignite when 2 LASTING HoT RECMEND! DLE Mp] CLOSIEUI etal from a Qi2. Q13. Qi4. Qis. Qi6. PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 1 Common uses of PT Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. Solvent cleaning is a common surface cleaning parts befe testing. True on or False ( ) e penetrant ‘The one major limitation to penetrant testing is that the part must be metallic. True ( ) or False) yego 80T WTPAC Grease and rust would usually be considered a contamingnt on the surface of a test piece. True (% or False ( ) To locate a defect with penetrant testing, the defect must b the surface. True (Ke or False ( ) Fluorescent materials used in fluorescent penetrants Teepe radiant energy, of an average length of approximately 7 True () or False Cm Jan 2008 OoiET e open to nd most actively to 0 Angstroms. g O00 866 PENETRANT TESTING — Lesson 1 | | Common uses of PT : Plant Engineering Construction Pie Ltd. Q17. The black light used in fluorescent penetrant inspection|is not hazardous to the human eyes if the correct filter is in place and not broken or cracked. True (Sor False ( ) Q18. A good exhaust system is recommended when working with cleaning solvents. True (Yor False ( ) & oes & 6 @ Jan 2008 OoiET %® PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application ® Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. 2.1 Cleaning: Proper cleaning is essential for two reasons: (a). If the specimen is not clean and dry penetrant test is inefi (b). They may have a harmful effect on nickel alloys, certain titanium . All paint, carbon, oil, varnish, oxide, plating, water dirt and sii be removed before application of the penetrant. 2.2 Cleaning processes. (a) Immersed in tanks and detergent solution. contamination. However, nickels alloys, certain stainless, if exposed to them will become structurally damaged. Feb 2008 OoiET (b) Vapor degreasing is effective in the removal of oil, grease lective. stainless steels, and ‘milar coating must and organic steels and titanium (©) Stream cleaning is adaptable to the cleaning of large unwieldy articles not easily cleanable by immersion. @ 2.2 PENETRANT TESTING Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. | The ability to hold a dye material in suspension. The ability to spread the dye evenly over the surface. | The ability to carry the dye into any discontinuity open up the|surface. The ability to bring up the dye as it is coaxed back to the surface. The ability, when desired, to be easily removed. - Lesson 2 Solvent cleaning - This cleaning process is used only when vapor degreasing detergent cleaning and stream cleaning equipment are not available. Solvent cleaning may be be used in a wipe-on and wipe —off technique. Rust and surface seale can be removed by commercially available acid and alkaline rust remover following manufacturers directions. Paint removal is often done in dissolving paint strippers| bond release or solvent paint strippers. Required equipment and procedures are as specified in the manufacturer’s directuions. Etching - This process uses an acid or an alkaline solution to open up grinding burrs and remove metal from surface discontinuities. What makes a good penetrant? Feb 2008 OoiET | ©0888 OSHS HHH HE @ PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. 2.3. Types of dyes used: 2.3.1. Visible or Color contrast — a brilliantly colored dye. that is highly visible under normal lighting conditions. The dye is usually bright red visible|dye - a brightly colored dye that is visible under normal lighting conditions. Solvent is never applied directly to the specimen as it might wash out or dilute the penet ant in the discontinuity. Visible dye penetrants cap be obtained that are water-washable, post- emulsifier, or solvent-removed. Advantages Disadvant tages Portability. Flammable materials. No water required.. Removal of excess surface Good on anodized consuming. penetrant is time specimens Materials cannot be used in open flames. Good for spot checking. Difficult to use on rough surfaces such as cast, Specimens can be rerun. magnesium. ® PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. ee oe 2.3.2. Portable penetrant test equipment When testing is required at a remote location or when only a small portion of a large specimen is requires test, portable liquid penetrant kits are used. Both fluorescent and visible dye penetrants are available in kits. The penetrant materials are usually dispensed from pressurized spay cans. Visible dye penetrant kit. The visible dye penetrant test kit is light in weight and contains at least the following: (a) Solvent cleanser or peneteramt remover. (b) Visible dye penetrant. (©) Non-aqueous wet developer. (d) Wiping cloths and brushes. Fluorescent penetrant dye kit. The flucrecent penetrant kit combines with the high “seeabiluity’ associated with flourescent materials. The fluorescent kits consists of at least the| following: (a) Portable black light and transformer. (b) Solvent cleaner or penetrant remover. @o6e Feb 2008 OoiET PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. 6006 2.3.3 Water-washable Penetranis Water-washable penetrants are highly penetrating oily liquids containing an emulsifying agent that renders the oily vehicle emulsifiable in water. The simplest to use but least sensitive. They contain a dye, sully a bright red but some times a special color such as blue, that can be seen|under white (visible) light. Greatest ‘see ability’ is obtained with fluor¢scent penetrants that are viewed under black light. The color of fluorescence is usually a brilliant yellowish green. For special applications, there are fluorescent penetrants that glow red or blue. Water washable ( visible or fluorescent) — shall be used when: (a) inspecting large volumes of parts. (b) discontinuities are not wider than their depth. (c) surfaces are very rough (sand casting). (d) inspecting large areas. (e) inspecting threads and keyways (© the lowest fluorescent penetrant sensitivity is sufficient to detect the defects inherent te the part. Be a 38 8 & ee @ Feb 2008 OoiET PENETRANT TESTING Plant Engineering C Advantages - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application ‘onstruction Pte Ltd. Disadvanta ges Easily washed with water. Good for quantities of small specimens. Good on rough surfaces. Good for keyways and treads. | Good on wide range of discontinuities. Fast single step process. Not reliable for detectin) similar shallow surface Not reliable on reruns 0} Not reliable on anodized surfaces. Easily over washed. Penetrant subject to wa’ contamination. Acids and chromates a! scratches and iscontinuities. specimens. er fect sensitivity. PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. Post-Emuisification Penetrants r formulations to those of water- Post emulsification penetrants have simila washable penetrants except they do not contain the emulsifying agent and consequently are not soluble in water. These penetrants t be treated with a separate emulsifier before they can be removed by a water rinse or wash. Or they can be removed using an approved solvent remover ir cleaner. Post- emulsification penetrants are available as either visible dye or fluorescent penetrate | The Post emulsification ( visible or fluorescent) shall be used when: (a) inspecting large volumes of parts. (b) when a higher sensitivity is desired. (ce) the part is contaminated with acid or other chemicals that will harm water-washable penetrants. | @) discontinuities are wider than their depth. (e) inspecting parts which may have defects that are nin with in-service soils. (f) inspecting for stress or intergranular corrosion. (g) inspecting for grinding cracks. OoiET Feb 2008 PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. ® e ou a Post emulsification aL ® © Advantages Disadvantages a | High sensitivities for very fine ‘Two step process. discontinuities. Equipment required for emulsifier Good on wide shallow application. | discontinuities. Difficult to remove penctrant from | Easily washed with water after threads, keyways, blind holes and ificati rough surfaces. | eh 8 @ @ B | Short penetration time. Cannot be easily over washed. eo eo es Feb 2008 4 : a PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 | 8 Surface preparation and application _. Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. a ee HES Coe oe 2.3.5 Dual sensitivity penetrants contain a combination of visible and fluorescence AS dye. The visible dye color is generally a bright red, the fluorescent color, a yellow-orange red. The combination permits penetrant tests to look for gross 2 discontinuities using visible light, then check for very fine cracks, porosity, etc, with black light. 8 a 2.4 Application of penetrants. . Can be applied by: % (a). Spraying — involve the use of conventional pressurized spray cans. a The penetrant is applied so that alll the test area is cnr but personnel 2 must make allowances for the penetrant remaining in the can and the & distance the can is held from the specimen. (b) Immersion — The best procedure for applying penetrant is to immerse the specimen into the tank of penetrant. Small specimens ai placed in an open wire basket for dipping; large specimens are handed by hand or, if required, by cranes and suitable dipping devices. (c) Pouring — the penetrant is simply poured over the surface. Feb 2008 OoiET o> eee 2 e é 2 PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application > Plant Engineering Constru ion Pte Ltd. oo Usually, swabbing is used when testing a small specific ar ® 3 8 Regardless of which method is chosen, the area to be tested must S 2.5 Dwell time — How long a time is required? Penetration (dwell) time. 3 2 (@) Swabbing- Penetrants may be applied by swabbing with ce or cotton waste. of the specimen. (=) Flowing- pouring the penetrant over the test specimen and, allowing it to drain. be adequately covered. As a minimum coverage, cover all surfaces at least 1” aro the area to ® be tested. (a) The period of time during which the penetrant is permitted to remain on the specimen is a vital part of the test. Tight crack-like discontinuities may require in excess of 30 penetration that will give an adequate indication. Howevel may be suitably penetrated in 5 to 10 minutes. Feb 2008 OoiET minutes for r gross discontinuities PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. Typical minimum penetration times. ® oe oo 6 a ‘Water-Washable Solvent- Discontinuity | Penetration Time* Removed & Penetration ‘Time* | Aluminum | castings porosity. 5 to 15min 3 min & cold shuts @ extrustions | Lo fusion 30 min 3 min & forgings | porosity & welds Loft 30 min 3 min ® all eracks 30 min 5 min & fatigue Not 5 min crack recommended 7 PENETRANT TESTING Surface preparation and application ruction Pte Ltd. - Lesson 2 castings porosity cold shuts 15 min Steel extrusions & | laps not forgings recommended Steel welds 1o.fusion, 60 min porosity Steel all cracks 30 min fatigue not cracks recommended Glass all cracks 5 to 30 min Plastics all cracks 5 to 30 min Titanium & | all Not recommended alloys / | high temp PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. a temperature or too low a humidity, however, causes the) rapidly and testing becomes the penetrant must remain wet. The temperature of the s temperature of the penetrant can effect the required dwel 0 to 125°F (16 to 52°C) Feb 2008 OoiET Heating the specimen accelerates penetration and pola (b) practice, however, is generally nor recommended since hi evaporation of penetrant and thereby reduce sensitivity. (c) Ambient temperature and humidity alse affect penetrant higher the ambient temperature, the shorter the dwell ti difficult. For liquid penetrant tesing to be reliable, Normal temperature for the penetrant and the article bein: dwell time. The ting may cause ‘ime. Generally, the e required. Too high penetrant to dry too ecimen and time. g tested are between 4 PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. 2.6 Types of developers. Dry developers are applied directly to the article as a powder. It is very necessary to have a dry surface prior to application of a dry powder. Dry powder developer is generally ‘considered to be the least sensitive but it is inexpensive to use and easy to apply. The developer can be applied by dipping parts in a container of developer, or by using a puffer to dust parts with the developer.|The dry developer ee does not provide a uniform white background as the other form; of developers do. Having a uniform light background is very important for a visible inspection to be effective and since dry developers do not provide one, they are seldom used for visible inspections. When a dry developer is used, indications or to stay bright my @ee8 F086 . and sharp since the penetrant has a limited amount of room to pread. aos Non aqueous developer. Non aqueous developer is a suspension of absorptive white powder in solvent vehicle. It is usually applied by spraying from a pressurized spray cans. When properly applied, nom aqueous wet developer is the most sensitive of all developers in detecting fine discontinuities. - Feb 2008 OoiET oe86 e666 066 PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. Water based wet developer. | Water based wet developer may be either a suspension of absorptive white powder in water, or a water soluble absorptive white mixed with water. ‘The suspension type requires mild agitation prior to and during use to keep the powder particles in suspension: the water soluble developer does not. The water so) luble powder, once mixed with the water, remains in solution. After excess penetrant is removed from the specimen, and while it is still wet, wet developer is applied by either dip, flew-on, and or spray techniques. These fast and effective methods of application, combined with the time saved by applying developer to the wet specimen, make water based wet developer well suited for use in production testing. In the other, the developer powder is dissolved in water, forming a solution, once mixed they remain mixed. Of the two water-based wet developers, the water-soluble developer is the more sensitive. Feb 2008 OoiET 15 PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. B 2.7 Advantages of “Wet” developers , Better on smooth surfaces where the 4 When a wide, shallow discontinuity is sought, even coat of developer. 2B Advantages of “Dry” developers On rough surfaces, and on sharp fillets, ; &® developer tends to leave too much developer. set Feb 2008 OoiET dry developer will net adhere. a wet developer will leave a more holes and threaded articles, the wet 16 i _ © pENETRANTTESTING - Lesson? ® Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. a Ba sasapssneaseusaasonaaes SSSESLESEEEES Cs LESSON2 QUIZ. Tick (\) True ( ) or False( ) Ob A part being penetrant inspected must stay immersed inthe penetrant tank for the entire specified dwell time. True (<) or False ( Q2. The liquid penetrant test refers to the ability of a penetrant to spread through the dry developer evenly. True ( ) or False (~) Q3. Visible dye penetrants are usually considered to be less spnsitive than fluorescent penetrants. True (-) or False (- ) oo Q) Water washable penetrants have a built-in emulsifier that permits good results in penctrant removal from parts suspected of having wide or Shallow discontinuities. True ( ) or False OO) enieieany pepoyaer & ee Le) Weed Q5 Solvent removable penetrants are available in both visible and fluorescent dye. True () or False q) Feb 2008 OoiET | 17 PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application (22° Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. Q6. Excess post-emulsifiable penetrant is commonly remove d by spraying the surface of the part with cleaner (solvent) and then wiping with a lint free - ae : & towel. True( ) or False) pemovep ey WAT RINSE oe a Q7 Water washable penetrant systems are usually very po ble because the materials are commonly used in pressurized spray cami i True ( )or False(“) SOLVENT REMOVERVE 0 eCTANT Are a VAhpuly VO | ees 7 * Q8. Recommended dwell times are affected by temperatur e cd True (-) or False ( ) -@ Q9. For the dwell time to be accurate, the surface of the reine oe must stay wet with penetrant for the entire time spe ed. ‘True (-) or False ( ) Pat -.@ Q10. The typical dwell time for most penetrant inspections is about 20-30 ea : minutes. True ( ) or False (~) | : a | f : Feb 2008 OoiET 18 : % PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application -% Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. See a Wire brushing is a common and acceptable method of si irface cleaning a test part that is to be penetrant inspected. True (<) or False(~) wie BRAG HING HoT Recomenreo a ~% Q12. Vapor degreasing is often used to remove oxidation, rus' i, and scale before a part is penetrant inspected. True (<) or False (~) EIUNG WieteD OL Wreck Cece rele because suitable paint removing techniques have not b developed. True (/) or False €) | Parts that have been painted usually cannot be ered penetrant aa Q14. Detergent cleaning is acceptable for post cleaning but should never be used for precleaning because it may affect the emulsifier during the penetrant test. True (‘.) or False (~) Etching is often effective in specific tolerance by surface grinding. True (~) or False( ) Feb 2008 OoiET PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Q16. Only visible dye penetrants are available in portable kity because fluorescent dyes will not function im pressurized spray cans. True( ) or False(~) vont yiGinee PENETRANT AID FLUORESCENT PIKE An Ps wat When using a post emulsified penetrant, if too long a tim ¢ used for emulsification, penetrant within the discontinuities will be washed away with the excess penetrant. True (~) or False ( } | Q18. During the rinse cycle, an emulsifier is added to a solvent removable penetrant to make it water soluble. True (<) or False (9 SMES Flee WILE BREAK pown tte PENT RANT Q19 Wet developers are usually chosen over dry developer for |use on a smooth surface. True (~) or False ( ) Q20. The emulsification time required te detect wide or shallow discontinuities is usually longer than for finding narrow and deep discontinuities. True (4) or False (-) Feb 2008 OoiET @ ® a ® 8 B -® B @ & a a Le & ae =, PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application = Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. I | a) Q21. Yellow-green fluorescent indication appear only under black light. = True () or False (_ ) Q22. The penetrant removal process with water washable penetrants is very critical because of the danger of over wash. True (~) or False (| ) Q23. Solvent removable penetrants are commonly used because they will withstand a very forceful water wash without the danger of over wash. True (-) or False €) ware WASYAPnse INSREAO soLyent Q24. An advantage of the solvent removable penetrant is that the excess penetrant is easily removed by dipping the part in a tank of solvent|solution. & True(.) or False () rempaerse ey wiriric leo 2 Q25. Nonaqueous developer refers to a powder that is applied dry. True or Fals tC ‘alse (~) Now- AQvEOS PEE Loren CAM Yee. wet a | ae / : Feb 2008 OoiET 21 pa 6 * 8606 the application of an emulsifier. Feb 2008 eee 00060 PENETRANT TESTING - Lesson 2 Surface preparation and application Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd. OoiET Q26. Post- emulsifiable penetrants are usually soluble in water after True (“) or False ( ) 27. Dual sensitivity us to look for gross discontinuities using visible light, then check for a fine cracks, porosity ete with black light? 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Pre-cleam the test part a) Proper cleaning is essential. oe PI | a surfaces Hf the specimen is not clean and dry, b penetrant testing is ineffective AS | |2. Apply penetrant to the test | a) Penetrant is usually applied by spraying +o aa parts surfaces on the test part surfaces. 2 Pi b) All surface area to be inspected must be covered with sufficient aut of penetrant ce) Allow the penetrant to epee for about 5-10 minute depends on the type of | penetrant used and the te of metal being 2 oeoe eee 3. Remove the excess penetrant from the test part surfaces Feb 2008 : 2 PENETRANT TESTING — Lesson 3 \ 2 Basic processing steps of dye penetrant testing bees Plant Engineering Construction Pte Ltd.

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