‘Numerical, Algebraic and Transcendental Equations _ 39330166 © 3,7511785 Now f(x,) =f (1.048) = - 0.011652 (ve Therefore, the root lies in between x, = 1.048 and b= 1.5. The fourth approximation to the root is given by yf (O)—b F(x) (1.048(3.72253)-15(-0.0111652) FO)-S0) ~ 3.72253—(-0.0111652) _ 39179594 © 37336953 Now f(x,) =f (1.049) =— 5.320155 x 10° (-)ve Therefore, the root lies in between x, = 1.049 and b= 1.5. The fifth approximation to the root is given by Xe fO)-bF C4) _ 39129142 F(b)-f(%) Now f (x,) =f (1.0496) =—1 808903 x 10° which means that the root lies in between x, = 1.0496 and b= 1.5. The sixth approximation to the root is given by Fs) _ 39098808 (as) 3.7243389 Therefore, from x, and x, the root is 1.05. = 1.048 = 1.049 = 1.0498 EXERCISE 3.1 . Find a root of the following equations correct to three decimal places, using the Bisection method. () *-8+x-7=0 (Bangalore, B.E., 1989) (Mysore, B.E., 1987) (S. Gujarat B.E., 1990) (BU, B.E., 1995)@ P+F-100=0 Gi) 3x6 = log, x () sinx=e'—3r (iv) xe’- See (vi) 2x-7-log,.¥=9 as ae =. x @ml—=* oy GN * 4. Find a negative root of x - 2x + 5= 0, correct to three decimal places, using Successive Approximation method. 5. Find a root of the following equations correct to four decimal places using the method of False Position (regula false method). @ -4r-9=0 (i), P+22+10r-20=0 (iii) P-4x-1=0 (iv) *#-x-P-1=0 (v) xe'=2 (i) etsinx=1 (vii) x= cos x (viii) x tanx=—1 in (2.5, 3) (ix) x log,,x = 1.2 ANSWERS 1.) 2.105 (ii) 2.095 (iii) 2.280 (iv) 2.706 (v) 1.813 (vi) 0.739 (vii) 0.619 (viii) 0.392 (ix) 2.740 2. ~ 2.706 3, (i) 4.331 (ii) 1.497 (ili) 2.108 (iv) 0.518 (v) 0.360 (vi) 3.789 (vii) 1.445 4. -2.095 $. (i) 2.7065 (ii) 1.3688 (iii) 0.2541 (iv) 1.7365. (v) 0.8526 (vi) 0.5885 (vii) 0.739! (viii) 2.7981 (ix) 2.7406 : 35 NEWTON'S ITERATION METHOD od also known as Newfon-Raphson method and is a particular method discussed in Section 3.3. When an approxi- root of an equation is given, a better and closer approxi- t sd oEqns ({i) and (i), we observe that the magnitudes of the cients 4, and 2, have become constant, which implies p,, and p, real roots, and p, and p, are complex roots. Let these complex roots be ‘ Pret, =E,4i0, From Eqn (iii) its magnitude is given by 0, = 1.5780749 ae from Fan) sum of roots is = 0, ic. p, +2E,+p,=0 — 1/2 (p, +p) =— 0.7634365 a ne Vigo7a8st = 13811173 Hence, the Be roots are : 1.1892071, 0.3376659, = 0.734365 and + 1.3811173 i. EXERCISE S2 Using Newton-Raphson method, find a root correct to three decimal places of the following : 1, #-3x+7x-8=0 (M.U, B.E., 1992) 2, #-3x-5=0 (Kerala B.Tech 1989) 3 (Gulbarga B.E, 1993) 4 ee 6. 7, (Gujarat B.E., 1990; B.U, B.E., 1995) 8. 9. 10. (BR BE, 1993) di 12, #+4sinx=0 2xtanx=1 1 x(1-log,")=05 (MU, BE, 1987) ‘Onearx = (Karnataka B.E., 1993)20. A sphere of pine wood, 2 metres in d 21. Find a negative root of Y — 2x+5=0 correct to two decimal places 22. Find all the roots of the follow ing equations by Graeffe’s method (iii) x - 5x°-17x+20=0 (MU, B.E., 1991) (iv) P- 9x? + 18x-6=0 @) 2-x-1=0 ANSWERS 1. 1.674 2. 2.279 3. 1.834 4. 1.856 5. 1.961 6. 1.256 7, 0.518 8. 0.589 9. 3.592 10. 0.607 11. 0.511 12. -1,934 13. 0.653 14. 0.187 15. 0.360 17. Find the interative formulae for finding 1/W, 3VN, 4VN where N : positive real number. using Newton’s method. Hence evaluate — V/V17, 3V10, 4925. 18. Find a negative root of the following equations using Newton’s ~» method. @) Y-#+x+100=0 (ii) e—21x+3500=0 19. Find by Homer’s method the root of the following equations correct to three decimal places. @) 84+32-12x-11=0 (i) vy +2 +x-100=0 (iii)? - 6x-13=0 (iv)? -3x4+1=0 (vy) P-30=0 (vi)x +29 — 4x7 16=0 eter, floating in water sinks nf? ~3/?+2.5=0. Find i Horner’s method, to the depth of h metre, given by A correct to two decimal places he using Homer’s method squaring thrice. @) P=42+5x-2=0 (ii) P-2e-5x4+6=0 17. 0.24246, 2.15466, 2.236 (ii) -16.5610. ‘By back Substitution, the three three columns of the j systems ic., (ii), (iii) and (iv) give the inverse matrix. ie,, ———— EXERCISE 4.1 SAEHCISE 4.1 Solve the following ‘equations by Gauss elimination method 1 3x+4y—2=8, 2+ y+2= 2. x-y+z=1, ~3x+2y-32 3. x4 2y-z=2 6, 2x~Sy+4z=5 WOx+y+2= 12, 2x+ 10y+2=13, 2x+2y+ 102m 14 (MU, BE, 1991) 2x—y+2z=2, x+ 1dy—32=5, x-y-753 (Ranchi, B. Tech, 1987) %)= 18.141, +, 4 102,=38,139, x, )‘Simultaneous Linear Algebraic +32= 18, x+4yt92= 16 Qx+ytz=10, 3x+2y ‘Gangelore a Be x 12, 3x, 2x, + 20,8, 5x, + 10, (S.Gujarat, B.E., 1990 ). x + 2y— 122+ 8w= 27, Sxt4yt T2- =3xt Ty +924 S5w= 11, 6x 12y- 8243 (M.U, B.E., 1987) Solve the following equations by Gauss - Jordan method M1, 2r—3y+2=-1, x+ dy + 52-25, 3x-4y+2=2 (MU, B.E., 1993) 12, Qty 4z=12, 3x+2y+32=24, x4 4yt92=34 Moye 12, x+10y+2= 12, x+y+ 102-12 (Bhopal B.E., 1991) 14, x+2y+2=8, 2x+3y+42~20, 4x4 3y+22= 16 (Punjab, B.E. 1987) ~ 15, 4x-y—z =-7, x-Sy+2=-10, x4 246259 Ae Qt 2y-zt1=4, dx+3y—z+2r= 6, / 3665 : 8x + Sy—3z + 4¢= 12, 3x+3y-22+ 2096 Sx, +x, 0x, +x,> 45 x, + 7x, ta,44x,=2 +x, + 6x,+.x,--5; x, +x, 43,42, =-6 Find the inverse of the following matrices using Gauss elimination method, [3 ~1 4049 $. J.2ia 20. (927 30am | 5-2-3 ANSWERS: -2,3,6 2,0,-1413. Numencal Methods 9-12.75, 14.375, 8.75 10. 3.0016, ~ 1.999, 99998, 5.0001 11, 875.7213 eae Ban ien Ee 15. egal feet) 17. ines -3] 282 elie to] 19, 2 ae Ty 2°23 [ ete 057 8 10 -2 I ues 0 |g tS. 6 — 28] 4.5 METHOD OF FACTORISATION OR TRIANGULARISATION Consider the following system of equations: 91%, +4,,%, +a, x, 9% +4, x, +4, BX * Oy X, + dy x, = b, " These equations can be written in matrix form as AX=B (4.9) where Mm 42 as x, 4 A=|4, ia Lise te Ne | and B=|b, als 2393 0,5 a4.34 Numerical Methods We get yi. = 1,39) = 8/5: 9) = 2/5 i ol Pe Lyles el Oe Bs 5 5 teil | 5 > | and U1 = to 1 OF 0m : paler 8 5 5 re? nae 5 | 0 1 2 | EXERCISE 42 Solve the following equations by Factorsation (or Triangularsation) method. 1. Bet y+22= 16; 2x-6y+ 82=24; Sx+4y—32=2 2. 3x+2y+72 2; 2e+3y tz 40; Ix+4y-z= 56 3. Wx +ytz=12; 2x+ loytz= 13. xty4Se=7 (MU, BE, 1991) 4. 28x+ 4y—z2= 32; x+3y+ 102=24; 2+ My +42=35 $. ey +z=03;—4x+ 3y—22=-1.4; 3x— 89+ 32-01 6. 10x+ Ty + 82+ Iw=32; Tx+ Sy +6245, 8x + 6y +102 + 9w =33 ; 7x + Sy +92 + 10 Solve the following equations by Crout's method 7. X43y4 82-4, x4 dy +32=—2; xt 3y4de=] ( 8. 2x6 y+ 82=24, Sx + 4y—32= gan ;6, Ix, + 6x, — 2+ 2a, 18 3, Tx, +x, +x, +x,= 10 Find the inverse of the following matrices using Crout's method. is) -2 4 -4 18 ~6 2 13 14 8 -1 ae aS: 1,3,5 11,1 16,-0.8, -3.71 243 19 8 clé (16) -20 6 4 ds 9 Sa f6 11 ANSWERS Q) (4) © BY 0.996, 1.5070, 1.8485 1111 (8) 1,3,5 (10) 6.13, 4.31, 3.23 G2) igen (14,452,109, Si Sage <1 93g 1-3 4 1 OS) a