STANDARD CHINESE: A MODULAR APPROACH OPTIONAL MODULES: ° RESTAURANT ° HOTEL * Pos? OFFICE AND TELEPHONE © car Before beginning You should have completed Optional Module: Core Module: RST (Units 1-2) MONEY HTL MONEY PST/TEL DIRECTIONS CAR ‘TRANSPORTATION RST (Units 3-4) MEETING (Unit 4) August 1978 Revised February 1981 Copyright © 1980 by lucille A. Barale, John H. 2, Harvey and Thomas . MaddenPREFACE Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach originated in an interagency conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Beijing and Taipei. The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions. A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department's Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The representa~ tives have included Arthur T, McNeill, John Hopkins, John Boag, and Hugh Clayton (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, Major Bernard Muller-Thym, and Colonel Roland W. Flemming (DLI); James R. Frith and John B, Ratliff III (FSI); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS). ‘The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 197! in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Bach of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance. Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O'Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the fall of 1977, Lucille A. Barale wes appointed deputy project coordinator. Davia W. Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development. Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Lucille A. Barale, and Roberta S. Barry, who vorked in close cooperation with ‘the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehen- sion and production self-study materials, and also designed the communica tion-based classroom activities and wrote the teacher's guides. Ms. Barale and Ms. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. From 1978 until the project's completion, writers for the course were Ms. Barale and Thomas E, Madden. They revised the field-test editions of the first six core mod- ules and accompanying optional modules, and produced the materiale subsequent to Module 6. iii‘ALL Chinese language materiel was prepared or selected by Chuan Ouyang Chao, Yunhui Chao, Ying-chih Chen, Hsiao-jung Chi, Eva Diao, Jan Hu, and Tsung-mi Li, assisted for part of the time by Leslie L. H. Chang, Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-1i Chen, and Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary corpus of dialogues. Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Joseph ‘Abraham, Vincent Basciano, Lisa A, Bowden, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Judith J. Kieda, Renee T. C. Liang, Susan C. Pola, Pegey Ann Spitzer, end Kathleen Strype. The production of tape recordings was directed ty Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Mr, Chang, Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, and Mr. Li. The English script was read ty Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Mr. Madden, Ms. Pola, and Ms. Strype. ‘The graphics were originally produced ty John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A, Sadote, unit chief. Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the cooper- ation of Brown University, the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center, the Foreign Service Institute, the CIA Language Learning Center, the Unitea States Air Force Academy, the University of Illinois, and the Univer- sity of Virginia. ‘The Commandant of the Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center authorized the support necessary to print this edition. Cast sR, Frith, Chairman Sninese Core Curriculum Project Board ivTABLE OF CONTENTS Proface see re csc e eras see eeeeneceens iit How to Study an Optional-Module Tape see eee eee eee eee 2 Objectives for the Restaurant Module. +s sees ee eee ee 2 Unit 1: Part Part ae cen aoe 8 Part 66 eee eee Unit oe see eee sees 16 Unit, 2: ces Cerca aera eee ee eee Peet leant ee ete) eee) te) ee at 3) Pec Cece ee oe cee eee Unit Vocabulary List . 1 eee ee ee eee ee ee BD Unit 3: Parep te eis ee ei) eae i Pare lp ee t ee e Pare Ct0h regen ee ees eee op eee NT Unit Vocabulary List 2-6 ee ee eee ee ee ee MD Unit bs Pere ee ee ee) Se ee ee Part III wee eee eee ee eee ee we OB Unit Vocabulary List . eee eee eee eee eee OF Poode tse eee ee Pe 61 Objectives for the Hotel Module se. eee eee eee ee eee TL Unit 1: UE O0g000 72 Perey Cle eins oe eee ee ee TS) Port C00 ete oe ee ee ee Dare Chi ee ee ces ce eee) Unit Vocabulary List . 2.2. eee eee ee eee ee BL Unit 2: ere Cee ye ee 0) Perper enn ees oo) ee eT Peres rete ees eet eon Part IV. . ete ei ee eos) Unit Vocabulary List . - 8% Things in e.Hotel Rom see eee eee cere scanObjectives for the Post Office and Telephone Module Unit 1: PPT ee eee ee eee Pe oo bo oo bno Opodo DOG (Pere eee eee cee Pare ee eo Ree er Unit Vocabulary List... - ee ee eee Unit 2: Pare ee iene ere ea Beree le tek oe ee teed Par CN ee ee ee Swann Ondo ood boo nb00 Unit Vocabulary List... eee ee ee Objectives for the Car Module ss ee ee ee eae Unit 1: Paceeri pes ts sees ees Part Cpe pes er eee Unit Vocabulary List... eee ee eee Unit 2: Dect TiL es tee ee ee Unit Vocabulary List... eee ee eee Pertajoftlelcar! yh el ee vi 0 102 104 107 0 13 15 ny ng 121 123 125 126 130 135 138 140 143, sT ash 153How to Study an Optional-Module Tape The format of the optional modules is quite different from the format of the core modules, although both focus on what you need to know to deal with particular practical situations. Bach tape of an optional module is roughly equivalent to the five different tapes of @ core-nodule unit, in the sense, at least, that it is intended as a self-contained presentation of a set of words and structures. Actually, however, an optional nodule tape is closer to a combination of the C-1 and Pel tapes of a core-nodule unit with almost all explenations left in the notes. Moreover, an optional~nodule tape introduces considerably nore vocabulary than a core-module unit. Each tape is divided into several parts. Hach part introduces words and sentences, some of then for comprehension only, next reviews all production items, and then reviews comprehension in extended dialogues. You may have found that you could work through the C-1 and P-l tapes of a core-module unit a single time each, perhaps going back-over a few sections once or twice. You are almost sure to find, however, that you need to work through an optional-module tape more than once, perhaps frequently backing up and frequently stopping to read the Notes. When @ new word or sentence is introduced, there is a pause on the tape before you hear the Chinese. On your first time through the tape, you may use this pause to glance at the word or sentence in the Reference List. On your next time through the tape, you may use it to try to say the Chinese, using the Chinese after the pause as a confirmation. In the dialogues at the end of each part, there are very short pauses between sentences. These should be just long enough for you to stop and start the tape without missing anything. Stop the tape whenever you want to think over the previous sentence or try to translate it.RST, Objectives Objective General The purpose of the Restaurant Module (RSI) is to acquaint you with Chinese cuisine and eating customs and to provide you with ‘the linguistic skills you need to be able to order food in a restaurant or to dine at home. Specific When you have finished this module, you should be able to: 1, Name four foods or dishes suitable as @ snack or as an in-between meal. 2, Name four dishes in Chinese you might order for dinner. 3. Name 5 types of meat, fish or fowl. 4, Translate the names of 10 Chinese dishes (either soups, main courses, or desserts) into English. 5. List the food which accompanies various main courses: rice, noodles, pancakes, steamed bread, flover rolls. 6. Order a Kestern-style breakfast. 7. Order one of the "fixed meals" offered in small restaurant: &. Order Mongolian Barbecue or Mongolian Hot Pot. 9. Discuss with a friend what to order for a snack. 10. Ask for a menu and for help in reading it. Discuss with the waiter or waitress what the various dishes are. Ask for suggestions in ordering the meal. 1l. Comment on the meal: how the dishes were made, which were most pleasing, and vhen you've had enough.22. 13. we 15. RST, Objectives Ask for the check and ask to have the tip figured into the total. Call to make reservations for e dinner party. Discuss the menu and cost of the dinner. List the different types of courses which go to make up a banquet: cold dishes, main courses, soups, and dess ..":8. Partake in a formal banquet: toasting friends, wishing then well, and responding to the host's hospitality.RST, Unit 1 Restaurant Module, Unit 1 PART I 1. NY xiding chi shénme? What do you want to eat? 2, Sufbian, MY dilin be As you like. You order. 3. Women y&o @rshige gudtié. We want twenty fried dumplings. 4, Women y8o stge biozi. We want four biozi. 5. Women yao 1iéngwin sun 18 We want two bowls of sour tang. and hot soup. NOTES ON PART I chi: 'to eat'. ‘The verb 'to eat' is often expressed using a general object compound, chi fin, instead of the simple verb chi. NI chi fan le ma? Have you eaten? WS n&i méi chI fan. T haven't eaten yet. sufbian: This word meaning ‘as you please’, or more literally "following convenience’, has a variety of uses. WX sufbian mii ba. Buy what you vant. WX qi bu qu? suf n¥ae ‘fre you going? Do what you ian ba. Like, gudtié: This has been translated here as ‘fried dumpling’, but actually a guétié differs from a dumpling in several respects. We usually think of a dumpling as a solid lump of leavened dough dropped in soup to cook. A guotié, however, is made of thin, unleavened dough, which serves as a wrapper for a filling. This filling may be Chinese cabbage, port, beef, lamb, or any combination thereof. Secondly, a guétié is not dropped in soup, but is steamed and fried, 80 that the bottom is crisp and the top is soft.RST, Unit 1 béozi: This is a round of steamed bread filled with salty stuffing (cabbage, pork, beef, shrimp, etc.) or sweet stuffing (rea bean puree, walnuts, almonds, etc.). The steamed bread is made from a raised dough and forms a thick bun, somevhat similar in concept to a hamburger. yuan 18 ting: A thick spicy soup made of pork, white bean curd, "rea bean cura" (actually dried chicken or pork blood), dried tiger lily flowers, mushrooms, bamboo shoots and egg. iGngwin...: The word for 'bovl', win, is used as a counter here. Taipe: A conversation in a small restaurant. M: Ylzhén, n¥ xing cht shénne? F: Sufbian. NY din ba. M: Women di&in din gudtié, sun 18 tang, ho bu n&o? Ho a. M: H&i y&o Jige baozi, zénmeyang? F: H&o a. BG yao diin tai aud le. (Now the man talks with the waitress. F2: Wimen dilin dian shénme? Women yo @rshige guotié sige baozi, 1idngwin sun 18 tang. F2: Ho. Jil 1éi. Yazhén, what do you want to eat? As you like. You order. We'll order some fried dumplings and sour and hot soup, Okay? Okay. How about a few baozi, too? Okey. Don't order too much. ) What will you order? We want twenty fried dumplings, four baozi, ‘two bowls of sour and hot soup. Okay, it'11 be here right away.RST, Unit 1 NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE H&i yBo jige baozi, sénmeylng?: The toneless syllable Ji- means ‘a few’ or ‘several’. It may be difficult to distinguish detween jige, 'a few', from jige, ‘how many' in rapid speech. Ususlly there will be other clues such as intonation and context to help you distinguish them. This is discussed again in Unit 3 of the Directions Module. BG _ylo din t8i dud le.: ‘The phrase ba ylo is used to mean taon't' in sentences expressing a command. You'll learn more about this in the Transportation Module. The marker le for new situation is used here to reinforce the idea of ‘excessive’. Whenever a speaker says something is excessive, he is actually saying that it has BECOME excessive. Mimen ditin dian shénme?: The first vord dilin is the verb "to order'. The second word dian (from yidiin, ‘a little’) means Ershige quétié, stge béozi: You can tell from the amount ordered that the guotié are more or less bite-sized, while the paozi are larger. stdochidtan little eatery Taipe A conversation between an American student and a Chinese friend in front of a small restaurant. M: W0men chf dian ddngxi, Let's eat something, okey? ho bu hao? F: H&o a. NY xiang. chi Okay. What do you want to shénme? eat? M: Chi dian aiinxin. Some snacks. NY chiguo guétié ma? Have you ever eaten fried dumplings? M: MBI chiguo. No.RST, Unit 1 Women kéyi 2&i zhége We can eat some snacks in xikochidian chi dian this little eatery. Okay? dignzin, bio bu ho? M: H&o, Témen déu yu shénme? Okey. What do they have? HEn aud ddngxi. You gust: Many things. Fried ‘paoni, suan 18 tang. dumplings, baozi, sour and hot soup. En bio, hén hEo. Good, good. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE xiBochidian: This is a small place where you can grab something to eat. (Xiochi means 'snack'.) If you are in a city in Chin, you are probably not far from one. A xixochidian is often run by one or two people, It may be arranged so that the cooking area faces the street, in which case you'll probably walk ‘through the kitchen as you head for a table. Putting the kitchen at the front, facing the street, makes for better ventilation and allovs people on the street to see and smell what is being cooked. Inside you are likely to find small tables without tablecloths, and stools. There is generally no menu, but some of the dishes may be written on a blackboard or on red pieces of paper which are hung on the wall. Since the xidochidian is often a small operation, it may only offer a few things or it may specialize in serving one type of food, such as noodles or dumplings. The word xixo in xidochidian, refers not to the size of the establishment, but to the types of food offered. Tamen du ySu shénme?: The word ddu in this sentence refers to the object, not the subject. In other words, the sentence is translated as ‘What all do they have?! in this context. In another conversation the same sentence might mean ‘What do they all have?! This type of question with du expects an answer with more than one item mentioned. The déu may be thought to refer to the object in the answer. NX adu m¥i shénme le? What all dia you buy? WS mile shige baozi, sanjin I bought ten baozi, thr-e pingguo, 1idping alshul. catties of apples, six vottles of soda. But notice that in the answer au is NOT used even though the object is plural in number or a series of items.PART IT RST, Unit 1 Qing ni g8i_vo kankan nimende cdidanzi. 8. Nimen mAi zhéng ji8o ma? 9. GEi vo 14i ylléng zhéng Jide. 210. Mimen mAi tang mian bu 11. Wimen mAi cho min bu nei! 12, YSu shénme y&ngde tang 13. G8i wo 141 yiwin nifrdu nian. Uk. Gihoat 15. rOust mian 16. paigit man LT. s+. shénmede Please give me your menu to look at. Do you sell steamed dumplings? Bring ne a basket of steamed dumplings. Do you sell soup-noodles? Do you sell fried noodles? What kinds of soup-noodles are there? Bring me a bowl of soup~ noodles with beef. boiled dumplings soup-noodles with shreds of pork soup-noodles with a pork chop +++ and 80 on. (after'a series of items) NOTES ON PART IT zhéng Ji8o: These are crescent-shaped dumplings filled with cabbage and meat which are steam cooked. The steaming is done by plecing the dumplings in a banboo basket, which is one layer in a stack of bamboo baskets called a zhéng 16ng, and then placing the whole stack over a container of boiling water. g8i wo 148i. The verb 14i here means not 'to come’ but "to bring" since it is followed by @ noun. The word g&i is the prepositional verb 'for',RST, Unit 1 yildng ching Jiko: Steamed dumplings are sold by the basket and served in the basket that they are steamed in. The word for one ter of such baskets is used as « counter, -Iéag (yiténg, 1i%ngi6ng, ete.). tang midn: This is the name for a class of dishes made of noodles and soup. Unlike the Western idea of soup with some noodles, tang mian is basically noodles with some soup added. Because Northern China is a wheat growing area, noodles are 8 staple in the diet of that region. A bowl of noodles can be used to make a side dish for a large meal, or, with a little soup and meat added, can be a meal in itself. Noodles are commonly made in six-to-ten-foot lengths in China, and are regarded as e symbol of longevity. chlo mian: One of the verbs translated 'to fry’ is cho, It is also sometimes translated as ‘stir fry'. The Chinese language has several verbs meaning 'to fry'. Cho means to fry in a little oil, stirring repidly and constantly, not unlike sautéing. niGydu mian: This dish consists of noodles in soup with pieces of beef. The word for 'beef' is niGréu, literally 'cow', niG, and 'meat', rdu. In the names of Chinese dishes, the thing the Gish is primarily composed of, in this case noodles, is at the end of the phrase. ‘Those words coming before describe the addi- tional foods with which the dish is prepared or the style in which it is prepared. iflozi: A crescent-shaped dumpling, made of white dough and stuffed with e mixture of meat and scallions or mixed vegetables. Jiflozi may be served steamed, zhéng Jifio or boiled, shui jiko. Tt is said that Marco Polo took the idea of these dumplings back to Itely inspiring the creation of ravioli. réusi man: This is noodles in soup with shreds of pork and vegetables. Actually, the vord rdu means simply ‘meat’, not ‘pork’. But the basic meat of China has alvays been pork, and therefore réu on menu refers to pork unless otherwise specified. shénmede: This vord, used after a series of nouns, means ‘and so on’ or ‘etcetera’. Qishul, pfJill, shénmede We need to buy soda, beer, déu 4éi mi. and so on.Taipe: A conversation between a waiter and Nin yo chi diiin shénme? Qing ni g&i wo kankan n¥mende c&idanzi. Ou, dutbual, women zhali méiyou cdidénzi. Women zhéli Jit m&i zhéng ji%0, tang mian, cho mian, shénmede. YOu shénme yangde tang mian? YOu _nigréu mian a, ySu rdusi mign a, nai yu péigi mian. GBi wo 144 yivin nidrdu mian. Ho. Nin yao bu yao zhéng Ji8o? Hao. ZEnme mAi? yiéng zhéng Jiko Srshikudi ign. wiléng yBu audshaoge? wiléng yBu dége. Bio, g8i wo 181 yiléng zhéng ji8o, 161 yivain nigréu mian. 10 RST, Unit 1 fa customer at a small eatery, What do you want to eat? Please give me your menu to ook at. Oh, I'm sorry. We don't have a menu. We only sell steamed dumplings, soup- noodles, fried noodles, and so on. What kinds of soup noodles are there? There's soup-noodles vith ‘beef, soup-noodles with shreds of pork, and soup- noodles with e pork chop. I'll have a bowl of soup- noodles with beef. Good. Do you want some steamed dumplings? Okay. How are they sold? A basket of steamed dumplings is twenty dollars. How many in a basket? There's eight in a basket. Okey, bring me a basket of steamed dumplings, a bowl of soup-noodies with beef.RST, Unit 1 NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE dudshaoge: The word ai without 2 counter. hao may be used either with or 18. rust chtio mian 19. sanxian chito mian fried noodles with pork shreds three-delictous fried noodles sGnxién: This word occurs in the names of rice dishes, noodle dishes and soups. It can be roughly translated as ‘three delicacies’, more literally, ‘three fresh’. It means that the dish is made with two different meats, such as chicken and pork, and a seafood, such as shrimp, in addition to the vegetables. Taipei A conversation at another small eatery. F: WY xifing chi dian shénme? M: Wimen zh8li mi gudtié ‘bu mai? Fi Guotié, jidozi, wmen andli a5u bé mi, Women zhéli Jil mii mian. Tang mian, cho min du ySu. M: Y8u shénme yangde chio mian? F: Y8u_réusi cho mian, yOu sanxian chlo mian. M: WS yo sinxian cho mian. Fe We ey What do you want to eat? Do you sell fried dumplings here? We don't sell fried dumplings or boiled dumplings at all. We only sell noodles. We have both soup-noodles and fried noodles. What kinds of fried noodles are there? There's fried noodles vith strips of pork; and there's fried noodles with three delicious things. I want fried noodles with three delicious things. Fine.RST, Unit 1 PART IIT 20. WB yo chi chifo Jian gn I vant to eat scrambled eges muBtul. and ham. 21. WS he I/11 arink coffee. 22. WS néi yo kilo midnbao I also want some toast. 23. Qing 2Bi 161 ytbéi xarei. Please bring another cup of coffee. 2k, Mt you shdobing ma? Do you have sesame rolls? 25. WB ydo Litinggin youtiéo. I want to deep-fried twiete. 26. WEB bu he dujiang? Do you drink ddujiang? 21. WE athuan titnde hiioht Do you like the eveet kind ténde? on the ealty kind? 28. Mingtian atoshang géi nin We'll prepare it for you Dbe ib tomorrow morning. NOTES ON PART IZT eho jlain: This is literally translated as ‘fried eggs’. Since cho means 'to stir fry', however, it actually refers to scrambled eggs. ko mianbio: 'Toast'. This phrase is the verb kéo 'to roast! and the word for ‘bread’, mianbao. Qing ci 161...: Here agein you see the verb 1é1 used to mean "bring". The word z&i is the edverb ‘again’. Literally trens- lated, this phrase means something like ‘Please again bring...'. This is the standard way to ask someone to bring more of something. shdobing: This is a baked roll with layers of dough and covered with sesame seeds. It comes in two shapes, one oblong and the other round like an English muffin, only not as thick. It is usually eaten at breakfast. 22RST, Unit 1 Lilngsén youtigo: This is a long, twisted, puffy roll which is deep-fried. It resembles a cruller, but it is not sweet. Literally, the name means ‘oil stick'. It is usually eaten at breakfast, along with ddujiang and perhaps a shaobing. The counter for long, thin objects, like y6utiéo is -gén. aBujiing: This is a liquid produced vhen beancurd, ddufu, is made from soybeans. Tt is white, resembling milk, and high in protein. Tt may be flavored so that it is sweet or salty. It is sometimes called soybean milk. tifinde/xiande: Many foods in China such as béozi and ddujiang come in two sorts: tiénde and xiénde. Although the Chinese cate- gorize foods as either salty or sweet, this does not mean that food which is labeled ‘salty’ is terribly salty. Sometimes the label ‘salty’ simply means ‘not sweet'. Peking A conversation at the Peking Hotei. M: Zio! Good morning! Nin b¥o! Win xing chi diar How are you? What would shénme? you like to eat? M: Mimen ySu shdobing, y6utiéo Do you have sesame rolls, ma? and deep-fried twists: Shdobing, yéutiéo, Jintian ‘Today there aren't any médyou. Mingtian chi ta! crisp sesame rolls or WY hé bu he ddujiang? deep-fried twists. How about having them tomorrow? Do you drink doujiang? F: Chi shdobing, ySutiéo, d&1 When you eat crisp sesame he ddujiang. rolls or deep-fried twists you should drink doujiang. NY xYhuan tidnde héishi Do you like the sweet kind xdnde? or the salty kind? M: WS xthuen tignae. I like the sweet kind. F: Bio, mingtian 2¥oshang All right, we'll prepare géi nin ySbei. Jintian it for you tomorrow nin chi shénme? morning. What will you eat today? 13WO chi chio jidin, hudtul, ko mianbao. RST, Unit 1 I'11 have scrambled eggs, ham and toast. F: Hé shénme? What will you drink? Mi Karét. coffee. Fi Ho. Good. (Later) M: Qing 28i 14i ytoei Karei. Please bring another cup of coffee. F: HBo. All right. NOTES 0” THE DIALOGUE Breakfast at the Peking Hotel: The Peking Hotel is said to have the best Western style food in the city. While they serve both Western and Chinese style lunches and dinners, they are not alvays prepared to serve certain kinds of Chinese breakfast foods, such as shdobing and y6utiéo, If you would like to eat these typical Chinese breakfast foods you should ask in advance. 29. xtftn @ gruel of rice and water uoually eaten for breakfast 30. méintou steaned bread BL. xthéngehtaht tomato juice 32. fiat out orangeade, orange juice 33. ehutgud fruit 3h. wiangjiZo banana xifin: This is another breakfast food, It is a white porridge made of rice and water. In the northern parts of China it is eaten along with salted pickles, ham, salted vegetables, salted eggs or peanuts. 1kRST, Unit 1 méntou: 'Steamed bread'. While the word mianbio refers to Western style bread, méntou refers to a Chinese version of bread, a large steamed roll made of white dough. It is heavy and moist vith no crust. 15RST, Unit 1 Yoost dort steamed rolls made of bread 2 dough vith a filling of meat and/or vegetables, or sweet bean paste. e@idanzi (ytzhéng) menu cho fried, to fry, sauté cho mian fried noodle: cht to eat ain to order aujiang eoy bean mitk, soy mitk g8t ntn ybbet to prepare for you géi wo 141 (noun) bring me (something) eubeié stean-fried dumplings ne to drink hudtul ham jie dumpling jitioat botted dumpling jidin (chicken) egg Glist oft orangeade, orange jutce wares coffee Kio roasted, toasted a peppery-hot mantou eteamed bread nian noodles mianbéo bread. ni Grou beet nigrdu mian soup-noodles with beef Paigit mian sowp-neodiea with a pork chop Qing 28f 141... Please bring another. rust chiio mian fried noodles with shreds of pork roust mian soup-noodles with shveds of Po: 16RST, Unit 1 eanetan ohio mian shaobing shutgud suan sufbian tang ‘tang mian tian TBrastto aifan sthingehtaht yangzi yiléng youtiao zhéng lt noodles fried with three fresh thingo sesame rolis and 80 on fruit ‘to be sour as you like soup soup-noodles to be sweet to be salty banana gruel of vice and water tonato juice kind, variety a tier of a steamer deep-fried twist to cook something by steamingRST, Unit 2 Restaurant Module, Unit 2 PART I 1. Shénme shi k8fan? 2. Kefan Jil shi yige tang, yige ci, héi ySu fin. 3. Klin 440 ySu yizhing mat 4, NX shud nige c8i BkochT? 5. WS hui yong kudizi. 6. WO yong kudizi chi fan. 7. MY xthuan chi nigréu nishi chi Jr. WO witing okt dian fg oe 9. Xidot ai cht biéde. 10. gingjiao nifirdu lil. batiedi roust What is a fixed meal? A ‘fixed meal' is a soup, a main dish, and rice. Is there only one kind of ‘fixed meal'? Which dish dia you say is tasty? IT can use chopsticks. I eat with chopsticks. Do you like to eat beef or chicken? I vant to eat something simple. Next time eat something else. beef with green pepper shreds of pork with cabbage chicken slices with snow peas NOTES ON PART I kafan: This refers to a type of meal in which soup, a main dish, rice and tea are all served for one price, Much of the meal is prepared ahead of time, which makes it quick, convenient and inexpensive for the customer. It is referred to here as a ‘fixed meal’. Other translations are ‘fixed dinner’, ‘blue plate special’ and ‘combination plate’. 18RST, Unit 2 K@fin jit you ytzhing ma?: When you ask this question, the person you are speaking to might think you are asking about the different price categories that kéfan is available in. Restaurants which offer k8fan often have an inexpensive, a moderate and # top- of-the-line kefan each day. eRi: This is the vord for any dish which is not soup, rice or noodles. : Like the word géi, 'to give’, the word ySng can act as either a full verb or a prepositional verb. As a full verb, it means 'to use’. As a prepositional verb, it means 'with'. Here are some examples of both usages. NY Kéyi yong wOde dianshan. You can use my electric fan. ‘Ta yong kuBici chi fan. He eats with chopsticks. Ai: While often the word for a type of meat, such as 'beef’, niGrdu, contains the syllable rdu, 'meat', the word for chicken does not. xidct: The words for "lest time', ‘this time’ and ‘next time" are formed according to the same principle as you've learned for other time words, like ‘last week’ and 'last month’. shinge? last tine shingge xingat last week shingge yud last month zhBet this time zh’ge xingat this week ahége yud this month xi&et next tine xiage xingal next week xidge yus next month 19RST, A conversation between an American woman and a Chinese friend, who are out to eat on their lunch hour. WY xing chi shénme? WS xiling chi dian Jiandinde. Wa, chi kéfan zénmeyang? Shénme shi kéfan? Ketan Ji0' shi yfge tang, yige cdi, néi ySu fan. KSfan jii ydu yizhing ma? Ba. YSu san-sizhng, You sishikudide, ydu wishikudide, yOu lidshikuaide. Déu you shénme cai? Jintian ydu baicdi roust, qingjiao niGrdu, xu8adu jipiin. NY shud n&ge cdi h¥ochi? Dou hén bio, Jintdan nf kéyi chi qingjido nidrdu. Miaei z@i chi biéde. Ho. HEo. NY yao yfge aingjigo nifrdu. WO 141 yfge xu&ddu Jpian. What do you vant to eat? I want to eat something simple. ‘Then how about eating a ‘fixed meal'? What is a ‘fixed meal'? A 'fixed meal' is a soup, a main dish, and rice. Is there only one kind of ‘fixed meal'? Wo. There are three or four kinds. There's the forty dollar kind, the fifty dollar kind, and ‘the sixty dollar kind. What main dishes do they have? Today there's shreds of pork with cabbage, beef with green peppers, and chicken slices with snow peas. Which dish do you say is more tasty? They are ell good. Today you might eat beef with green peppers. Next time eat something else. Okay. Okay. You take the beef with green peppers. I'll have the chicken slices with snow peas 20 Unit 2RST, Unit 2 M: NY hut yong kudizi be? You can use chopsticks, I suppose? « WS 2&i MBiguo yYjing I learned in America, xuéguo. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE Na: At the beginning of the sentence, n& means ‘then’ or ‘well then’. YOu _sGn-stehing: ‘three or four kinds', ‘Two consecutive numbers may be used together to give the idea of an approximate figure. The exception to this rule is that 10 and multiples of 10 can not combine with the number coming immediately before or after then. You will learn this in more detail in the Trans~ portation Module. Ho. NY yao yige qingJido nifréu. ...: While at an informal meal each person at the table may choose one of the @ishes, everyone at a Chinese meal eats from all the dishes, which are put in the center of the table. Taipe: A conversation in a small restaurant. M: NY xiling chi shénme? What would you like to eat? F: WO xing chi dien jiindinde, I would like to eat some- thing simple. M: N& women chi k8f2n ba. Then let's eat the 'fixed meal'. Hio a. NY chiguo tamen Okay. Have you eaten any zhélide k8fln ma? of their ‘fixed meals' here? M: Chiguo. Yes. F: Ho bu héochi? Are they tasty? M: D6u hn hiochi. All were very tasty. 21K@fn ddu ydu shénme yangde cai? . M: Yu sdnzhng. Y2zhing shi qingJido nidréu, yizning shi v&icdi réusi, yizhBng shi xudadu jipian. WO yao qingjido nidrdu. WS yo xuBadu Jfpian. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE Ho _bu_bochf?: broken apart to form a question. KSfan d5u ySu shénme yangde chit: RST, Unit 2 What kinds of main dishes are there in the ‘fixed dinners"? ‘There are three kinds. One kind is beef with green peppers, one kind is pork shreds with cabbage, one kind is chicken slices with snow peas. I'LL have the beef with green peppers. I'11 have the chicken slices with snow peas. ‘The compound h¥ochi, ‘to be tasty’, can be The adverb aSu in this sentence refers to the plural subject k&fn, ‘fixed dinners’. 22RST, Unit 2 PART IT 13. WS yo xiarén cho mian. 1k, Women héi yo yfge béiedi dSufu tang. 15. HuBtu ohio fn ba 16. LiSingge c&i yige tang gdu le. 11. Bié kBai. 18. WS yijing bio le. 19. Qing ni g¥i wo zhangdinzi. 20. Jit shByang Le. 21. WE dud cht ytditin. 22. WB 2d¢ cht. I want fried noodles with shrimp. We also want a cabbage and bean curd soup. ‘The fried rice with ham is not bad. ‘Two main dishes and one soup is enough. Don't be formal. (Don't stand on ceremony.) I've already had my fill. Please give me the check. That'll be it. Eat a little more. I an eating. NOTES ON PART IT xidrén: @Sufu: ‘Bean curd’. from soybeans, with the consistancy of Jello or custard. only a faint taste, but is rich in protein and minerals. ‘This word refers to small shrimp without shells. This is a soft white substance made It has It isa staple found all over the Orient and may be found in everyday food as well as festive foods. ba cu ‘This phrase is used for ‘not bad’, in the sense of ‘pretty gooa', ‘pretty well’, ‘all right’. Bié_k@gi: Because this phrase is one of the most basic phrases in the system of Chinese customs and manner, it is diffi- cult to translate. or "Don't stand on ceremony." to determine its full meaning. 23 Here, it may be translated as ‘Don't be formal.! But it should be viewed in contextHo Literally 'to be full’. RST, Unit 2 This is an adjectival verb meaning 'to be satisfied’, Ni_du5 vhf ytaidn: Notice the word order of this sentence. ‘The word dud is used as an adverb, and therefore precedes the verb chi, The word yidiin is used as the object of the action and therefore follows the verb: WO oat The word 2&1 can be used as a marker of ongoing action. You'll learn more about this in the Meeting Module. Taipei: A conversation between two friends in a small restaurant at lunchtime. M: Zh@lide chifo mlan, cho fan gén tang mian adu ba cud. F: Déng wo kanken cidanzi. ++, Women y&o yige xiarén ch¥o mian, h&o bu hao? Wi zai iin yige ba. M: Women yao yfge hudtut chiio f8n, blo bu hao? ZAi yio yfge cit gn ySge péicdi adufu tang. WS xitng t&i dud le. BG yao cai le. F: Jia y&o yige ch&o fan, yige mian, yfge tang, Ji gdu le. (Yow the man speaks to the vaiter M: Women yéo yige xiarén chlo mian, yfge hudtul chiio fin, néi ydo ylge béicdt adufu tang. Ji zh’yang le. ‘The fried noodles, fried rice and soup-noodles are all good here. Wait while I have a look at the menu. ... We'll have a fried noodles vith shrimp. Okey? You order something else. We'll have a ham fried rice, all right? And another main dish and a cabbage and bean curd soup. I think that's too much. Let's not have the main dish. If ve Just heve one fried rice, one noodle dish, and one soup, then that'll be enough. We want a fried noodles with shrimp, a ham fried rice, a cabbage and bean curd soup. That'll be it. 2hRST, Unit 2 (Later while they are eating.) F: Zhége xidrén cho mian nn ho chi. Hudtul cho fin yé ba cud. NY dud chi yfdilin. BLE keqi. WS z8i chi. Ni yé bié kéqi. Dud chi yidiin. (After they have finished eating.) WY yBo bu yeo chi dian tién dignein? F: BG yfo le. WS yijing vio le. (He speaks with the waiter.) Qing ni gBi wo zhingdinzi. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE The fried noodles with shrimp is very good. The ham fried rice isn't bad either. Eat a little more. Don't be formal. (Please help yourself.) Iam eating. Don't you be formal either. Eat e Little more. Do you want to eat some dessert? I don't vant any more. I've already had my fin. Please give me the check. NY 281 diin yfge ba.: The word zi here means ‘additionally’ or ‘nore’. WO xftiing t8i aud le. BG cdi le be. Here are two examples of the marker le for new situations. In the first sentence it is necessary to use le to indicate that the food order has now become too much. In the second sentence, it is necessary to use the marker le to indicate that the meat and vegetable is not wanted anymore. 23. WS chide hén bio le. I've had plenty.Taipei: At another small restaurant: M: NY xfling chi shénme? Women din yige chéo mian, yige cho fan. ai 181 yige tang, zénmeyang? M: io a. NY xiling chi shénme chdo mian, chao fan a? Sufpian. MY dian ba. Wenen din yfge xiarén cho mian, yfge hudtul Jia&n cho 78m. Hei 1éi yige b&ic&i ddufu tang, hilo bu hao? F: Ho. (after they have finished eating.) M: NY xi&ng bu xiang chi dian tidnde ddngxi? BG yao le. WS bdo le. M: NY Dié kBai a! F: WS b@ shi Bai. WS chide hén bio le. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE Zi 148i yige tang, 2Enmeyang?: RST, Unit 2 What do you want to eat? We'll order a fried noodles, and a fried rice, and also have them bring soup, all right? Okey. What kind of fried noodles and fried rice do you want to eat? As you like. You order. We'll order a fried noodles with shrimp, a fried rice with ham and eggs, and have then bring a cabbage and bean curd soup, all right? Good. Do you want to eat something sweet? I don't want anything else. I've had enough. Have some more! Thanks. I've had plenty. Here you see another example of the word zai, meaning ‘additionally’ or ‘more’, 26RST, Unit 2 Ni xiling bu xiang chi dian tifnde dOngxi?: The Chinese are not accustomed to eating desserts as are some other cultures. While they have invented some rather lucious desserts, these are usually served only at more formal dinners. At a modest meal or in a xi8och3dian, the only dessert available is probably fruit. aTRST, Unit 2 PART IIT 2h, W& zhideo n¥ xYnuan chi I know you Like to eat lade. peppery-hot things. 25. Dangrén néi y8o yfge ting. Of course, we'll also want soup. 26. NE jiode t8i aud le. You've ordered too mch. 27. Map dBufu a epicy Szechwan dish made with bean curd 28. ylariting giéat aromatic fieh-etyle eggplant (A Saechuan dish) 29. gongbiio Jiding diced chicken, banboo shoote, onions, and red peppers (a Szechwan dish) 30. etdrén guoba ting sheimp and siasling rice ‘eoup 31. bast ptngguo epun taffy apples NOTES ON PART ITT zhidao: The verb 'to know’, zhidao is a state verb and therefore can be negated only with the syllable bi. WS 2uétien ba zhiddo t& zai ni. Yesterday I didn't know ‘where he was. Notice also that the verb ‘to know', zhTdao, has a neutral tone on ‘the last syllable. But when it is negated, the verb 'to know’ has tones on all syllables, bi zhidfo. Ni_jifode t8i dud le.: ‘You've ordered too much.' A more Literal translation might be ‘What you've ordered is too much.’ ‘The phrase Ni_jidode is a modifying phrase with the modified noun (perheps ‘food! or 'dishes') deleted. Mép6 ddufu: This is a peppery hot dish made of bean curd, finely chopped beef or pork and hot bean paste. This dish is typi~ cal of the Szechvan style of cooking, which is noted for hot spicy dishes. 28RST, Unit 2 yaxiéng qiézi: This name Literally means 'fragrant-fish eggplant’. However, there is no fish used in the preparation of the dish. Tt 1s made with scallions, ginger, garlic, hot bean paste, vinegar and soy sauce. Yfixiang refers to a famous Szechwan manner of preparation which was originally used to make fish dishes, but was later applied to other foods, such as pork, beef, and eggplant. ding: Harlier you saw the vord Jipifin, ‘chicken slices', now you see the word Jiding, which means ‘chicken cubes' or ‘diced chicken". Both are comonly used in the names of dishes. gingb’o jiding: This is femous dish which originated in Szechwan. It is made with diced chicken, bamboo shoots, scallions, red peppers, scy sauce, and garlic. xiGrén gudbe tang: This is e shrimp and tomato soup into which squares of dried crispy rice are dropped. These squares of rice bear some resemblance to ‘rice crispies'. They are the crisp ‘browned part of the rice left at the bottom of the pot. As the erispy rice squares are poured into the hot soup, a sizzling, crackling sound is given off. bési pfngquo: This is e dessert made of apple slices which are covered with & light batter and deep fried. The fried apples are then dipped in a hot mixture of sugar-syrup and sesame seeds. ‘The apples are coated much in the same way taffy apples are. These hot sugar-coated apples are then dropped into a bowl of ice water, which hardens the sugar syrup covering into a crisp candy coating. ‘The result is @ dessert which combines a number of textures and tastes. The name for this dessert is translated many ways: ‘spun taffy apples', ‘caramel apple fritters', ‘pulled silk apples'. Bananas can also be prepared in this way. 29Taiped. RST, Unit 2 A conversation between two Chinese friends who are out to dinner in a Szechwan restaurant. NY xing chi shénme ci? F: Sufpian. NY ain ba. WS zhidao n¥ xYhuan chi lade. Women din yfge Mép6 ddufu, yfge yxing qiézi, yige gdngb’o Jiding, 2énmeyang? Dangrén h4i yo yfge tang. Fi Ei, n¥ jiode ti aud le. Wnen 1i%ngge rén jido Lilngge c&i, yige ting S42 gdu le. M: Ho, Name n¥_shud wSmen Jido n8i 1i8ngge cdi. F: Yige Mép6 adufu, yfge gongbio_jiding, fi ylo yige xiarén gudba tang, ho bu hao? M: Ho, Zi yo ySge bast pingguo. Fi Hko. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE Dinner in a Szechwan Restaurant: What vould you like to eat? As you like. You order. I know you Like to eat peppery-hot things. How about if we order Mépé dean curd, yixiang ege- plant and chicken cubes with red peppers? Of course we'll also vant a soup. Hey, you've ordered too much. If the two of us order two dishes and one soup, that will be enough. Okay. ‘Then which two dishes do you say we should order? Mép6 bean curd, chicken cubes with red peppers, and shrimp and sizzling rice soup, okay? Okay, And spun taffy apples. Okay. China has a rich and varied tradition of cooking, due to the size of the country, the many different foods available, and the long history of its culture. The numberous styles of. cooking may be grouped into the following schools: The Northern School (Jing c&i), The Stchuan School (Chui GBi), The Hfnén School (Xiang C&i), The Shangh’i School (Hi Cai), The Fajian School (Min CB), "he Canton School (tub _cRi), ‘each with its own distinct style and fenous dishes. It is common to find restaurants representing most of these schools of cooking in many cities in China. 30