STANDARD CHINESE: A MODULAR APPROACH OPTIONAL MODULE: PERSONAL WELFARE Before starting Unit 1 of this module, you should have at least completed the Money Module (MON); and before starting Unit 3, you should have at least completed the Transportation Module (TRN). March 1973 Revised February 1981 DEFENSE LANGUAGE INSTITUTE FOREIGN LANGUAGE CENTER Copyright ©1980 by Lucille A, Barale, John . T. Harvey and Thomas £, MaddenPREFACE, Standard Chinese: _A Modular Approach originated in an interagency - conference held at the Foreign Service Institute in August 1973 to address the need generally felt in the U.S. Government language training community for improving and updating Chinese materials to reflect current usage in Taipei and in Peking. ‘The conference resolved to develop materials which were flexible enough in form and content to meet the requirements of a wide range of government agencies and academic institutions. A Project Board was established consisting of representatives of the Central Intelligence Agency Language Learning Center, the Defense Language Institute, the State Department's Foreign Service Institute, the Cryptologic School of the National Security Agency, and the U.S. Office of Education, later Joined by the Canadian Forces Foreign Language School. The represen— tatives have included Arthur T. McNeill, John Hopkins, and John Boag (CIA); Colonel John F. Elder, III, Joseph C. Hutchinson, Ivy Gibian, and Major Bernard Muller-Thym (DLI); James R. Frith and John B. Ratliff, III (FSI); Kazuo Shitama (NSA); Richard T. Thompson and Julia Petrov (OE); and Lieutenant Colonel George Kozoriz (CFFLS). ‘The Project Board set up the Chinese Core Curriculum Project in 1974 in space provided at the Foreign Service Institute. Each of the six U.S. and Canadian government agencies provided funds and other assistance. Gerard P. Kok was appointed project coordinator, and a planning council was formed consisting of Mr. Kok, Frances Li of the Defense Language Institute, Patricia O'Connor of the University of Texas, Earl M. Rickerson of the Language Learning Center, and James Wrenn of Brown University. In the Fall of 1977, Lucille A. Barale was appointed deputy project coordinator. David W, Dellinger of the Language Learning Center and Charles R. Sheehan of the Foreign Service Institute also served on the planning council and contributed material to the project. The planning council drew up the original overall design for the materials and met regularly to review their development. Writers for the first half of the materials were John H. T. Harvey, Iucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry, who vorked in close cooperation with a ‘the planning council and with the Chinese staff of the Foreign Service Institute. Mr. Harvey developed the instructional formats of the comprehension and production self-study materials, and also designed the conmunication- based classroom activities and wrote the teacher's guides. Lucille A. Barale and Roberta S. Barry wrote the tape scripts and the student text. By 1978 Thomas E. Madden and Susan C. Pola had joined the staff. Led ty Ms. Barale they have worked as a team to produce the materials subsequent to Module 6. ittAll Chinese language material was prepared or selected by Chuan 0. Chao, Ming-chi Chen, Hsiao-Jung Chi, Bva Diao, Jan Hu, Tsung-mi Li, and Yunbul C. Yang, assisted for part of the time ty Chieh-fang Ou Lee, Ying-ming Chen, and Joseph Yu Hsu Wang. Anna Affholder, Mei-1i Chen, end Henry Khuo helped in the preparation of a preliminary. corpus of dialogues. Administrative assistance was provided at various times by Vincent Basciano, Lisa A. Bowden, Beth Broomell, Jill W. Ellis, Donna Fong, Judith J. Kiede, Renee T. C. Liang, Thomas Madden, Susan C. Pola, and Kathleen Strype. The production of tape recordings was directed ty Jose M. Ramirez of the Foreign Service Institute Recording Studio. The Chinese script was voiced by Ms. Chao, Ms. Chen, Mr. Chen, Ms. Diao, Ms. Hu, Mr. Khuo, Nr. Li, and Ms. Yang. The English script was read by Ms. Barale, Ms. Barry, Mr. Basciano, Ms. Ellis, Ms. Pola, and Ms, Strype. The graphics were produced by John McClelland of the Foreign Service Institute Audio-Visual staff, under the general supervision of Joseph A. Sadote, Chief of Audio-Visual. Standard Chinese: A Modular Approach was field-tested with the co- operation of Brown University, the Defense Language Institute, the Foreign Service Institute, the Language Learning Center, the United States Air Force Academy, the University of Illinois, and the University of Virginia. The Defense Language Institute printed the preliminary materials used for field testing and has likewise printed this edition. M4, james R. Frith, Chairman Chinese Core Curriculum Project Board ivPreface TABLE OF CONTENTS Optional Modules... eee ee eee Objectives for the Personal Welfare Module Unit 1: Unit 2: Unit 3: Unit br Unit 5: Unit Weather and Terrain Part I Winter and Summer . . Part II Spring and Fall... Part III Terrain... .eee Unit Vocabulary List... + + Clothing Part I Buying Clothes . . Part II Buying Clothes . . Part III Having Clothes Made Unit Vocabulary List ... Hair Care Part I At the Barber... . Pert II At the Hairdresser . Unit Vocabulary List ....- In the Home Pert I Personal Belongings . Part II Parts of the Home . « Part IT Unit Vocabulary List .. +. + Minor Physical Complaints Part I Colds and Fevers . . Part II Stomach Ailments . . ‘Taking Care of Children Part III Taking Temperatures and Unit Vocabulary List ss eee ee ee eens Accidents and Difficulties Part I Part II Parts of the Body... ++. +e Medical Conditions and Ilinesses Furniture and Household Items . . Parts of a House eee eee Blood Losing @ Driver's License... « A Motorcycle Accident»... ss Part III Crossing into a Restricted Area . Unit Vocabulary List sees eee eee Module Vocabulary List... see ee ee eee Pressure 10 13 15 19 25 30 32 43. my 48 55 59 92 gh 95 96 oTWLP OPTIONAL, MODULES imhy some modules are optional Optional modules present situations which some of our users will find necessary and others dispensable. For instance, college students rarely take cars with them to China. People serving in the military may have no need of finding hotel accomodations or housing. People working for the government may rarely use the local postal system. You may choose to study one, some, ‘all or none of the optional mcdules, basing your decision on factors such as the anount of time available in your curriculum and the relevance of these topics to your goals. We hope you will find that these optional modules add flexibility to your use of the course. Format of optional nodules Optional modules "look" different from core modules. A unit is divided into two or three parts, each with its own reference list, reference notes, and dialogues. There is only one tape, not five, per unit. The unit tape combines the C-1 and F-1 formats you have used in the core modules. Most of the explanation for the new material is rot found on the tepe, however, but in the reference notes in the text. When to use an optional module Since each unit introduces more vocabulary but less new grammar than a core module, you can use an optional module when you see the need to enrich your vocabulary. You don't have to go all the way through an optional module at once. You may use a unit at a time for variety while working on a core module, or several units as a break between core modules. yy to work through an optional module tape You may have found that you could work through the C-1 and P-1 tapes of a core module unit just once, perhaps going back over a few sections twice. With optional module tepes, however, you will probably want to work through nore than once, frequently stopping to read the notes and rewinding to listen again.Optional Module: Personal Welfare ‘The Personal Welfare Module (WLF) will provide you with the skills needed to take care of a variety of personal needs and handle yourself in a number of possibly difficult situations. Before starting Unit 1 of this module, you should heve at leest completed the Noney Module (MON); and before starting Unit 3, you should have at least completed the Transportation Module (TRN). OBJECTIVES When you have finished this module, you will be able to: 1, Describe the weather in all four seasons for your present locale, @ Chinese city, and your hometown. 2. Deseribe the location, geographical setting, populetion, and air quality of the three areas in No. 1. 3. Give the names of five or more items of clothing. 4, Get your hair cut or styled. 5. Deseribe several items you ordinarily carry with you when traveling. 6. Give the names of and describe the different rooms in a house. 7. Give simple directions to @ babysitter. 8. Ask and answer questions about the common cold and its symptoms. Offer advice on what to do for a simple ailment. Understand the use of KaishuY, "boiled water." Describe what takes place during a visit to the doctor. Know how ‘to give normal body temperature in Celsius and in Fahrenheit. Tell "where it hurts" (using a list of the parts of the body, if necessary.) 10, Describe accidents where injuries occur, and tell someone to call an ambulance. 11, Report the loss of a passport to the appropriate officials. Find out where to go to report the loss and be able to determine whether adequate translation facilities will be available. 12. Use the words for "danger" and " in grammatical, situationally appropriate sentences. Describe how someone entered a restricted area and how and for what reasons he was escorted out.WLF, Unit 1 Personal Welfare Module, Unit 1 Weather and Terrain REFERENCE LIST 1, Jintian tigngi h&n hilo. ‘The weather is very nice today. 2, NY lkojidde gthdu 2tnmey8ng? How is the climate in your hometown? 3. Dngtiain h&n 1Eng. It's cold in the winter. 4. Chéngchang xia xué. It often snows. 5. Xidtdan n&n x8. In the summer it's hot. 6. Jintian tin ging le. Tt cleared up today. 1. WS Juéde Téizhdngde qtndu h¥n I feel that Taichung's climate is hifo. very nice. 8, ShanghBide dngtian nEn sho Tt seldom snows in the winter in xia ou, Shinai. 9. Jintian zh8rde tigngi h¥n ‘The weather here is very cool Liéngkuai. today. 10. chéng often (alternate word for chéngchéng. ) REFERENCE NOTES ON PART T Jintian tidngi Bn ho: Notice that the time word jintign "today" is placed before the subject, not directly before the verb here. Most time words of more than one syllable may come either before or after the subject, but in either case before the verb, Examples: Qiniar wS hi va hut xi8 cf. Last _year I still couldn't write characters. WS xianzAi tui xi8 yidiln 1e. Now I can write a little. gihdu: "climate" Also pronounced gthou (with hou in the neutral tone). Dongtifn nEn WEng.: "It's cold in vinter" The adverb hn is not trans— lated here. Often hin adds little or nothing to the intensity of the adjec- tival verb, and doesn’t need to be translated ty "very." Later, you may notice that sonetines we translate the h&n literally and sometimes we choose to omit it from the translation. Tt is not a matter of right and wrong; it is more a matter of feeling, and may be, we admit, @ sonevhat arbitrary decision.WLF, Unit 1 chéngehéng: "often, frequently, usually" An alternate form of this word is chang. TH chéngehéng gh Xiangeling. She often goes to Hong Kong. ‘TB chéing kan baozhY. He often reads the newspaper. ‘The phrase "very often" is NOT formed by using h&n with chang; instead, just use chéng or chéngchéng. If you must stress that something happens very, often, use a phrase like "every few days." xia x8: "to snow" or more literally "(there) fells snow." The subject xu "snow" normally follows the verb xi8 "to descend.” This reversal of subject and verb is the rule, not the exception, in weather expressions.” Ou, xid xB le. Oh, it's snowing. Xi xu¥ ma? BG xi YSu méiyou xia me? Méiyou. Is it snowing? No. Xi2 xu8 le néiyou? Méiyou. Jintian xi& mB bu xia mB? Is it going to snow today? Xidnedi VG xid mB le. It's not snowing anymore. tin: "heaven, sky, day." Hiya, w8de tian na! Oh my heavens! ‘Tan zhTdao! Heaven only knows! ging: “to be clear, to clear up" In the sentence Tian ging le, the marker le tells us that a change has taken place. The meaning is not simply that the sky is clear, but that the sky is clear NOW, or rather, the sky has cleared up. juéde "to feel” Here juéde is used to mean "to feel, to think, to have an opinion about sonethii Tt can also mean "to feel" in a physical way, as in "to feel sick." NY Juéde . . . 28nmeylng? can be well translated as "How do you like. . . 7 hEn sh¥o: "It seldom snows in Shdngh¥i in the winter." The edjectival verb sho "to be few" is used here as an adverb "seldom," and as such comes before the verb. Notice that hEn sho, "seldom," end chéngchéng, “often,” are used as opposites. ‘Hnglish is no more logical when it comes to weather expressions: it uses the meaningless subject “it,” as in "It snows."WEF, Unit 1 Jintign chérde tiangi_nEn 1iéngkuai: ‘Again, it is not necessary to translate hén as "very" in this cool. “Today the weather here is very sentence; the meaning depends on the speaker's intonation and emphasis. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in BEijing. Jintian tidngi hn hko, shi bu shi? shi a! Jintian tign ging le. NE 1¥oJiade thou 28nmeyang? WS 1f0Ji& 2&i Jidjinsh@n. warde gihou hn h¥o. Dongtian bi lEng, xidtin y8 ba tai r’. NY juéde BEijing 2¥nmeyang? andi jitidn BEijing tidntian xia xuB, tdi 18ng le. The weather is very good today, isn't it? It is! Today it hes cleared up. What's the climate like where you're from? My hometown is San Francisco. The climate there is very good. It isn't cold in the winter, and it isn't too hot in the sumer, either, How do you like B&ijing? (Literally, “How do you feel BEijing is?") It's been snowing these last few days in BEijing and it's been too cold. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE dude: "to fee" (emotionally), to think." be translated as "I think thet ..." WS juéde ta Kéyi aud. And here are some examples using Juéde to mean "feel (physically )| WS juéae n¥n ra. WO juéde bi shitu. MY_juéde BEifing 8nmeyang?: think of Beijing? This may mean "to feel (physically)" or "to feel It is often used, as in the Reference List sentence, to preface a statement of opinion. WS _juéde ... may sometimes I think he can do it. I feel hot. I don't feel well. (Literally, "I feel not-well.") "How do you like B8ijing?" or "What do you More literally, "You feel BEijing is how?"WLF, Unit 1 situations. tai _1&ng le: "it's been too cold" Tt is often used to reinforce the idea of "excessive." example is Tai gut le! “It's too expensive! ‘The marker le is the marker for new Another SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I American women is talking with 2 Chinese man in Taipei. NY 1MoJ48 284 n61it zai Mit Yue. Nii YuSde qihSu zEnmeyang? Mit YuBde gihdu ba t&i nko. Déngtian léng, xiatian ré. WY 1¥oji& zai n&li? 2Ai Shangh¥i. ShinghKide déng- tin n&n shilo xia xu, KEshi yé nn 18ng. iatian 2¥nmeyang? Ou, xidtiain nn rd. Jintian zhérde tidngi h&n 1iéng- kuai. W8men chiiqu 25uzou" n¥o ‘bu hko? Ho. Where's your hometown? It's New York. What is New York's climate 1ike? Wew York's climate isn't too good. It's cold in the winter and hot in the summer. Where's your hometown. It's Shanghai. It seldom snows in Shanghai in the winter, but it's cold there, too. What's it like in the summer? oh, it's hot in the summer. ‘The weather today is cool. out and walk around, okay? Let's go Okey. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE “2Buzou: "to walk around”WLF, Unit 1 PART IT 11. Déngtiain chéngehéng gud féng. It's often windy in the winter. 12, SdnyuB Ji0 kdishY nutinhuo le. By March it is already starting to get varn. 13. Chiintiin hn dun. Spring is very short. ik, 14atdn yBude shfhou x18 yt. It sometimes rains in the sumer. 15. gifitian zut no. Fall is the best (season). 16, NE shi shénme shfhou 1fkai When aid you leave BEijing? ‘BEijingde? LT. WS ahén xing Ji@ehdu. I really miss Californie. 18, Xidtiain bG shi REn chGosht. It's not very humid in the sumer. 19, Tingshud Téiwin chéngchéng gui ‘I hear that Taivan often has whiten. ‘typhoons. 20. chéng to be long REFERENCE NOTES ON PART IT gui fing: "(there) blovs wind" Gua literally means "to serepe," but when used in connection with féng, "wind," it means "to blow." Like other weather expressions, such as x48 xu& "to snow," the subject fng usually follows the verb gug, To say "very windy," you say thet the vind is big, either Féng hn a8 or Gud a8 féng. SGnyu8: "by March" A time word before the verb may mean "by" a certain time as vell as "at" a certain time. Sanyu ji k@ishY nuSnhuo le: "By March it is already starting to get warn.” When the time word before it is given extra stress, the adverb Jil Indicates that the event in question happens earlier than might be expected. The mafker le efter the state verb nunhuo, "to be warm," tells us that it is being used here as a process verb, "to get warm. ySude shfhou: "sometimes" ‘This is also said as yu shfhou. xia yl: "to rain" Literally, "(there) falls rain." Now you have seen three weather expressions where the subject normally follows the ver xia xuB, gud feng and xia yi.WLF, Unit 1 WS ahén xing Jidzhdu: "I really miss California" The verb xiing, translated here as "to miss," is the same verb as "to think" ("I really think of California [with nostalgia]"). xdatian bi shi h&n chéoshi: shi is not obligatory in the sentence. "It's not very humid in the sumer." The téiféng: "typhoon" English language as "typhoon. Te would also be correct to say bi ‘The Chinese word téiféng was borrowed into the FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART IT An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Hong Kong: Fi WY 1fk&i BEijing dudsh¥o nién le? M: Y¥jing ydu érshibanién le. F: WY 1fk8i chfme Jit, xi%ing bu xiling BEijing? M: YSu'shfhou xing. F: ‘Tingshud Beijing qiftiende ‘tingi mf Yo, shf bu shi? M: Dut le, qifitinde tianai mut ho, bi 18ng y& ba ré. F: Dongtian xia xu ma? Dongtian yOu shihou xia m8, ‘yé chéngchéng gud féng. F: Shénne sh{hou k@ishY nuinhuo? Mz SGnyu® Jiu KdishY nufnhuo le. K&shi chintian nn dun, Wiyud jiu ré le. F: Xiatian chfoshT ma? M: Xiatdan yude shfhou xia yt, KEshi bG shi h¥n chéosht. How many years has it been since you left Beijing? It's already been twenty-eight years. It's been so long since you left, do you miss BEijing? Sometimes I miss it. I heer that the eutumn veather in BEi jing is the best, isn't it? Right, the autumn weather is the dest; it's neither cold nor hot. Does it snow in the winter? It sometimes snows in the winter, and it's often windy, too. When does it start to get warn? It starts’ to get warm by March, But the spring is very short, In May it starts to get hot. Is it humid in the summer? It sometimes rains in the sumer, but it's not very humid.WLP, Unit 1 NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE NE ifkdi zhéme ji: "It's been so long since you left" You have seen Jit, which means "to be long in time,” in the phrase dué Jill, "how long (a time)" SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei: NY Juéde T&ib¥i chiintiande Do you feel that the spring weather ting? ho bu hilo? in Taipei is good? Fi WO juéde zh€lide chintian n&n I feel the spring here is very good. no, Sanyud Ji8 nukrhuo le. It gets warm in March. But I hear Késhi w0 tingshud xidtin hn the summer is hot, right? ré, dul bu dui? Dut le. 2hlide xidtian nén Right. The summer here is very hot, r8, chéngchéng xi8 yl, hn and it often rains; it's very chéosht. humid. Tingshud y¥ chéngehfing gu I've also heard that there are often +8ifing. typhoons. : Dut le. Yes. ‘TéibSide qiiitian ne? How about the fall in Taipei? Ou, Jit-Shfyud néi hén 18, Oh, in September and October it's Snfyiyud Jiu 1igngkuai le. Still hot. By November it gets cool.WLP, Unit 1 PART IIT 21. WY 1MoJi% 281 chéngli Is your home in the city or in the péishi 281 xignexia? country? 22. NAli ySu shin, yOu sénlin, ‘There are mountains and forests there, ety toy hese ee and lakes, too. 23. Féngifng nn ho, kongod The scenery is very nice and the air hén xinxian. is fresh. 2h. MY 180Ji& fjtnde hufnjing What's the country like vhere you're zEnmeying? from? 25. MY 10 Jia nBige atfang What's the population of your ySu dudsho rénkSu? hometown? 26, YSu wiigiiin rén aufydu. There are about five thousand people. 27. Nar méiyou kingal wien. There's no air pollution there. 28. H&iviin hn gingsing. ‘The seashore is very quiet. 29. Thér f0jIn ySu hé ma? Are there any rivers in this area? 30. chéng city REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III chéngli: "in the city. xifingxia: "country" Also pronounced xidngxia (with neutral tone xia). fijin: "vicinity" literally “inside the city wall." Also pronounced ftijin. “environment, surroundings," In No. 24 the h phrase nf IHoj18 fijinde hufajing te Literally "the environment of the vicinity of your original home. nY 1f0ji8 nBige difang: "your hometown" IHoJia by itself only means “original hone." To get the meaning “hometown,” you must refer to the place (nBige difang) where your “original hone" (180jia) is. Notice the differ- ent phrasing in the following sentences: WY 1KoJia ndige atfang yu What's the population of your audsh¥o rénkSu? hometown? NY 1Mojia nr yBu méiyou shin? Are there mountains where your original home is? NY 1Hoji& 2Bi xiGngxid ma? Is your original home in the country? 10WLF, Unit 1 shin, ni, né: “mountain, lake, river" These three words are used with the four points of the compass to make several province names. Shandong east of the (T&ihfng) mounteins Sh€nxi west of the (Taihfng) mountains HeDEi north of the (Yellow) river Hénén south of the (Yellow) river Habe. north of the (Déngting) lake Hinén south of the (Déngting) lake FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART IIT An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Béijing: M: MY 1MoJi8 f1ijInde huénjing What's the country like vhere you're zénmeylng? fron? F: WO 1Mojiade rhjin ySu hén aud There are a lot of mountains near shan. where I'm from, WBige xio chéngde féngjing That Little town must have very nn ho ba! good scenery! F: Dui le. Narde féngjtng nén Right. The scenery there is very nfo. Yu sénlin, héi good. ‘There are forests and also yOu he. rivers. M: Narde Kongai hén xinxien ba. I suppose the air there is very fresh. F: Shia! Nar méiyou kéngqi Yes! There is no air pollution virin, there, M: MBige x1%o chéng y8u dudsh¥o What's the population of thet rénkéu? Little town? Yu staidn rén zuBydu. There are about four thousand people. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE nBige xi8o chéng: "that little town" You've learned thet chéngli means "in the city.” One word for "city" by itself is chéng Cancther is chéngshi}. NY shudde shi n¥ige Hudsh@ngdiin? Which Washington are you talking Shi zhu héishi chéng? about? The state or the city? naWLF, Unit 1 SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART TIT An American woman is talking with a Chinese man in Taipei: M: NE 1MoJ4@ 281 chéngl¥ héishi Is your home in the city or in the 128i xingxia? country? 2ai_xiamgxia. Nali ydu shan, It's in the country. There are ySu sénlin, hai you hi. mountains there, and forests, and Féngjing nén ho. WS 1fkai lakes, too. Tne scenery is very nali y¥Jing ydu windén le. good.’ It's already been five WS nEn xing wSde 1BoJia. years since I left there. I niss my original hone very much. M: NY 1MoJia nBige aftang ydu What's the population of your home- audshBo rénk8u? town? Fi Séngifin rén zuBydu. About three thousand. M: WA n&n gingjing ba? ‘Then it must be very quiet, I suppose? F: Dut le, hén gingjing. K6ngat Right, it's very quiet. The air is yé xinxien. Wide Jia 28i fresh, too. What part of Chang- Zhanghud shénme difeng? hua is your home in? M: 284 Tiéneh6ng fOj2n. Nali Near T'ienchung. The scenery there féngjing yé hn h¥o, méiyou is also very nice, and there's no Kéngat wirdn. air pollution. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE WS 1fkGi n&li y¥Jing ySu wiinién le: "(Since) I left there it has been five years.” The marker le at the end of the sentence is new-situation le, and is necessary here. Tt shows that the duration stated (five years) is as of the present nonent ("so far"). Another point to bear in mind is that le is used at the end of most sentences containing yijing. wa, "Changhua,” is the name of a city and a county on the west coast of central Taiwan. T'ienchung (Tianzhdng) is a village in southeastern Changhua county.WLF, Unit 1 Unit 1, Vocabul: chéng often chfingehfing often ch&oshi to be humid chéng city, tovn chéngli in the city chintian (chiintian) spring @Sngtian (aéngtien) winter dutin to be short fing wind féngjing scenery fdjin (f%32n) area, neighborhood eu to blow (of wind, typhoons, ete.) bXibsin(r) seashore ne river na, Lake buénjing environment duéde to feel kaishY to begin, to start kongal (kéngai) air kingal warkn air pollution ing to be cold Lifngkuai to be cool sea to leave nunhuo to be varm aihdu (qihou) climate aing to be clear qingjing to be quiet qititiim (qiitian) fall, autum x to be hot rénkSu population sénlin forest shan mountain sho to be fews seldom typhoon sky, heaven tina? (tinai) weather tIngshud to hear that, to hear it said wirtn pollution 13WLP, Unit 1 xing xdngxia (xiangxie) xidtian (xidtien) xi xu xa ytl xinxdan (xInxian) ySu(de) shfhou aut zubydu aw to miss, to think of in the country, the countryside summer to snow to rain to be fresh sometimes most, est approximately, aboutWLF, Unit 2 Personal Welfare Module Unit 2 Clothing PART I REFERENCE LIS 1. TH Jintian chudinde yTfu zhén niio kan. . WS xiyao JTjian xin yiru. 3. WSde ddyf t&i Jit le, wS xiling n&i (yf) Jian’ xinde. 4, B8isIngde dongtifin h&n 1éng, nY yo mi hdu yiditnrde. 5. NY shénme shfhou gi Mizhufingdian? 6. GBi_wo mii yfohuling tudxié, hilo bu h¥o? TAivEi chfing xia yit, n¥ xiy&o viyi, ylixié. 8. WSde ytisin hui le. 9. WS nét xiydo yttiéo kh. 10. Chiintidn 14 le, wB xiting Mi bdo yidiknde ginai, LL, WS xifing mi yf{t8o ganburG. 12, WB shangwu gi nile yttido kiei hé JY}iaa chnshin. 13. xin ‘The clothes she is wearing today are really pretty. I need some new clothes. My coat: is too worn, I want to get Winter in BEijIng is very cold; you need to buy a heavier one. When are you going to the clothing store? Buy me a pair of slippers, would you? It often rains in Taipei; you need a raincoat and rainshoes. My umbrella has broken. I also need a pair of pants. Spring is coming; I'd like to buy a Lighter skirt, I'd like to buy a cadre suit. This morning I went and bought a pair of pants and a few shirts, to be new REPERENC! NOTES ON PART 1 chudin "to put on, to don" (clothes, shoes) Notice that Chinese uses an action verb, "to put on," where English uses a state verb, "to wear." You have to adjust your thinking a bit in order to use this verb correctly. When you want to say "She's NOT WEARTNG her coat," you actually say "She DIDU'T PUT ON her cout," Ta méi chudin dayT. 15WLF, Unit 2 Here are some exemple sentences using chun "to put on. WS chuinle yishuang héng xié. I'm wearing a pair of red shoes. (I've put on a pair of red shoes.) WS méi chudin xié. I'm not wearing shoes, (I dian't put on shoes.) NY chun béi xié ma? Do you wear white shoes? (HABIT) OR Will you wear white shoes? (INTENTION) WS ba chudn béi xié, I don't wear white shoes (HABIT) OR I won't wear white shoes, (INTENTION) Chuan is not the only verb meaning "to put on” in Chinese. There is another verb aii which is used for vearing or putting on hats, wristwatches, orna~ ments, jewelry, and gloves. Dai is taught in Part IZ of this unit. diyZo: "to need " This word may be used as a main verb or es an auxiliary verb. In either usage, it is alvays a state verb. Tt is, there- fore, negated with ba. WS xiiy&o qién. I need money. WS xiy&o sh{jian. I need tine. WS xiyao ta. I need her. WS xiy&o huan qian. T need to change money. TA xiy&o zhidao. He needs to know. jin: This is the counter for articles of clothing, as well as for things (dongxi, shiging), and suitcases. @ByT: "overcoat" literally ig clothes Jil: "to be old, to be worn" This is the word to use when describing things, vhether concrete or abstract, but never people. [For people, use 1£0: TE 1% le. "She's gotten old.") Wa shi vSde Jid atont. Taat's my old address. TS h&ishi chudn Ji8 yffu. She's still wearing old clothes. nii_(yf)jian xfnde: The number yi- before a counter may be omitted vhen it directly follows a verb. 16WLF, Unit 2 : ylo: "to need" In sentence No. , you see a new usage of y&o (nf yo phi nbu yidilinrde "you need to buy a heavier one"). In addition to meaning "to want, ySo has many uses as an auxiliary verb. The meaning "to need” is one of the more common ones. hu: "to be thick" In sentence No. 4 (...n¥ y&o mMi ndu yidi¥nrae...), du is translated as "heavier." The basic meaning of héu is "to be thick. ZnBib—n shi n¥n hou. This book is very thick. Yali xidde xu hn hou. The snow that fell last night is very deep. Béo "to be thin, to be flimsy (of cloth, paper, etc.)," is often the opposite of hou. = tudxié: "slipper," literally "drag-shoes." In most households in Taiwan shoes are not worn into the house, so plenty of pairs of slippers are kept at the front door. This custom, established by Japanese influence, has the practical value of keeping the floors dry, which would otherwise be difficult given Taiwan's rainy climate. (In mainland China, shoes are worn into the house, hudi: This verb has a different meaning depending on whether it is a state verb or @ process verb. As a state verb, hudi means "to be bad,” as a process verb, "to go bad, to break." As a state verb: auétian tinal 2hén hudi, Yesterday the weather was really Jintin h¥o le. ‘bad, but today it's gotten better. ‘T&de Zhéngguo hud zhén ba Wel! ‘His Chinese is really not nudi, 4? bed, huh? As a process verb: WS zh8izht bY nuai le. ‘This pen of mine is broken. m™@ixié jGzi hu8i le, bi yao le. These tengerines have gone bad; we don't want them (throw them out). FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART 1 The couple in this dialogue have recently moved to Taipei from Kaohsiung (Gaoxiéng) in southern Taiwan, Here they are taking a walk in downtown Taipei. (Xxi€o Fud is their daughter.) 1WLF, Unit 2 281i flijtn ySu h¥n dud fGzhuing- dian, wmen gi m&i yifu, bio bu bio? H@o. NY xing mi shénme? WS xing mEi yItiéo kei hé J¥ji&n chénshin. WS h6i xilng Ei yfjian aayt. Dut, n¥ chuainde zhdijian dayt tdi Jil le, wemen qi géi ni mdi jian xinde. NY y xiydo mi yfjian xin aayl, shi bu shi? Dut le. "éibide adngtiain you shfhdu hén 18ng, wémen yo ni hdu yidiinde dayt. WS hai xiydo mii Jian yly=, y8 yo @&i Xiko Hud mEi yshudng ylxié. Ou, ndi y8o mii JYshufing tudxié. Ho, wSmen xianz8i Jia ai. ‘There are a lot of clothing stores in this area; why don't we go buy some clothes? All right. buy? What would you like to I'd like to buy a pair of slacks and a few shirts, I'd also like to buy an overcoat. Right, this overcoat you're wearing is too old. Let's go buy you a new one. You need to buy a new overcoat too, don't you? Right. Winters in Taipei sometines get very cold; we should buy heavier coats. T also need to buy a raincoat, and I want to buy @ pair of rainboots for Xito Eu, too. Oh, we should buy a few pairs of slippers, too. Okay, let's go right now. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I An American of Chinese descent (M) has gone back to visit relatives in B&ijing. Here he talks with his cousin (F). Fr Me Fi Jintidn xiawii wWmen gf mEi ddngxi zEnmeyang? Ho. NY yfo mXi shénne? WS xifing mii jYJian yifu, tignai nuiinhuo le, xiyao mii ‘bode chénshin hé qfinzi. WS yé xiydo mii yfJian chénshan, wS hi xiling mi yitdo ganbuft. 18 How about going shopping this efter- noon? Okay. What do you want to buy? I'd like to get a few clothes; the weather is warner now, and I need to buy a lighter weight blouse and skirt. I also need to buy @ shirt, and I'd like to buy a cadre suit, too.WLF, Unit 2 F: NY yo mii ginbufG? Na, wmen You vant to buy a cadre suit? yiat ql fGehuangdian. Ou, ‘Then we'll go to the clothing Qui le, BEijing Qi-Bayud chéng store together. Oh, right, it xia yl, nf yu méiyou yiixié, often rains in Béijing in July yisin? and August, do you heve rain shoes and an umbrella? WOde ylixié tai Jil le, ylisin y8 My rain shoes are too worn, and my hudi le, dSu d€i mi xinde le. umbrella is broken, I have to ‘buy new ones of both. FP: Eto. AlL right. PART IT REFERENCE LIST Ub. Qingw8n, néli yOu mBi nBiyT Excuse me, where do they sell under- neikiide? shirts and underpants? 15. h8jian Ji@kd shi nfléngde, This Jacket is made of nylon, isn't shi ba? ite 16, Jintifn hEn 18ng, nf bG gat It's cola today, aren't you going to ndozi ma? wear your hat? 11. WS nBiding pS miozi tdi nénk’n ‘That old hat of mine looks awful, I le, ba xiding dai. don't want to wear it. 18. NYde wazd gbu bu gOu? WO a¥i Do you have enough socks? I'l buy ni mai jY¥shuang. you a few pairs. ww. NY yo mi J14k2 ndishi Do you want to buy a jacket or @ waitBo? coat? B: WO g¥i wo xifnsheng oii I vant to buy a Jacket for my $28K2, gEi wS ff mBi husband and a cost for myself. waite. 20, WS mile ylshuling héi yénséde I bought a pair of black shoes and pixié hé yit8o shulyt. a pair of pajamas. 19WLF, Unit 2 a. Zn81i ybu ge shiibio, shi There's a tote bag here; whose shéide? is it? Br A, sht wae, wS wing le. Oh, it's mine, I forgot it. 22. A: W&de mfoyT pd le. My sweater is worn through/torn/ damaged. B: NA n¥ a8i qi mii xinde le. ‘Then you have to go buy a new one. REFERENCE NOTES ON PART IT nBiyT, niki: N&i means "inner." N2iki means "underpants" (kd as in kisi). Néiyt means “underclothes" in general, but when contrasted with n&iki takes on the specific meaning "undershirt." The yi means "clothing, garment,” as in yifu. ik8: "Jacket," a word borrowed from English. Jiaké refers only to Jackets cut above the waist; a suit jacket vould be waitdo (see note below). Also pronounced JigkS. In BEijing, this word has an —1 niléng: "nylon," another borrowing from English. a8i: "to put on, to don” a hat, wristwatch, gloves, glasses, jewelry or other things which are not necessary to one's apparel. AS with the verb ghuain which you learned in Part I, when you use d@i you have to adjust your thinking from the idea of "to wear" to the idea of “put on." For "Do you wear glasses?" you would say "Do you put on glasses?": NY d8i bu aii ylnjing?” For "She's not wearing glasses" you would say "She 't put on glasses": TG m€i a8i y&njtng. Contrast ‘TG bG adi miozi. She doesn't wear hats. (HABIT) OR She won't wear a hat. (INTENTION) Ta méi d&i maozi. She didn't put on a hat. OR She didn't wear « hat. OR She doesn't have a hat on. (The translations given only cover some of the possible ones. Other aspect markers which you have not learned yet, such as the marker for action in progress (z@ij, the marker for duration {-zheJ, the marker for lack of change ne], ete., can be used to make more precise the meaning of a sentence.) wding: The counter for mfozi, "hat." Literally, -ding means "top." “yinjing: "glasses" (counter: -f%) 20WLP, Unit 2 pd: "to be broken/danaged/torn/worn out" In po mlozi, "old/ worn/ tattered hat," pd stands before a noun to modify Te Bie aio frequently used as a process verb, "to break, to become damaged/torn/worn out." WS kankan, n¥de Jidké shi bu Let me have @ look, -has your shi pd le? Jacket been torn/vorn through? In Part I you learned hui, "to go bad, to break." Hui means that something becomes unusable or stops working, while pd means that something develops a tear, cut, split, hole, bresk, etc. Jill in Part I had for one possible translation "to be worn,” but Jill and po are quite different: Jia le means to have changed color or shape after @ long period of time or use, Whereas pS le means that the thing is no longer intact, whether the damage is caused by time, use, or accident. gu: "to de enough" ‘This adjectival verb is only used as the main verb of a sentence, never (like English “enough") before a noun. You must therefore recast English sentences with "enough" into the Chinese pattern when you translate, e.g. Do you have ——> are your socks Wide wazi enough socks? enough? gdu bu gdu? I don't have = ——> My shirts aren't Wode chénshiin enough shirts enough. ‘ba gdu. ‘There aren't | ———> The rice bowls Fanwin bo gdu. enough rice bowls. aren't enough. wait&o: This word has two meanings: (1) "coat, overcoat," and (2) @ "Jacket" which extends below the waist, like e suit jacket. (A Jacket cut above the waist is jiaké.) atjf: “oneself; myself, yourself, himself, ete." Tis is a special pronoun Tt can be used by itself’, or it can follow another pronoun like nf, ¥B, td, etc. Here are some examples. (For the first, you need to know Tahing, "kind," and for the last, you need to know zud, “to make.") MEL yieu, out h¥o mi 2bj¥ When buying clothes, it is best to xYhuande n&izhing. buy the Kind one likes oneself. Na shi wS 2fj¥ae shi. That's my own business. T8i shi tA atJ¥ aude, v6 She made this herself, it isn't shi mide. (store-bought. pixié: Western-style “leather shoes," a word commonly used where we would just say "shoes," since traditional Chinese shoes (bixié) are made of cloth. aLWLP, Unit 2 shulyl: "pajamas," literally, "sleep-garment" This vord can use two different counters, depending on the type of pajamas referred to. 1) For two-piece pajamas, thet is, a shirt and pants, the counter is -tdo, "set." (Aathough we say "a pair of pajamas" in English, you cannot use the counter ~shu&ing in Chinese. -Shudng is only for things that match, like shoes.) 2) Old-style one-piece pajamas take the counter -Jian. 3 “tote bag, carryall,” literally, "book-sack." Although still used With the original meaning of a student's "bookbag," shiibao has now come to have @ more general meaning, since bookbags are often used to carry things other than books. [There are other words for "tote bag,” but shiibio is so useful that you should learn it first. wang: "to forget; to forget to; to forget that" NY.wang le ba? You've forgotten, haven't you? WS néi wang. No, I haven't forgotten. WS wang(le) qi le. I forgot to go. WS wang(le) d&i mozi le. I forgot to put on my hat. WS wingle t& Jiaiin 2hdng 141. I forgot what time he is coming. WS wingle t& Jido shénme mingzi. I forgot what his name is. WS wingle wS Jintian méi Kk’. I forgot that I don't have any classes today. méoyi: "sweater," literally, "woolen-garment.” Na, "in that case, then," is alvays used at the very beginning of a sentence, for example, Wa, women shénme shfhou qi? Then, when shall ve go? Na n¥ d8i gi mi xinde le: ‘The le here is optional. It stresses that having to go buy @ new sweater is a new situation. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II Tidinjin. In the home of two senior cadres, a husband (M) and wife (F) @iscuss shopping plans. (They live together with the wife's older sister.) F: NY guétin ba shi shud xiing Didn't you say yesterday that Qi mai néiyt, n&iki ma? you wanted to go buy undershirts and underpants? M: Shf a! WS béi xiling mii Jian Yes! I also want to buy an waitdo. overcoat. 22WLF, Unit 2 Mii wRitdor a?! NY n8igian xin Jiak8 va nfo ma? Wn bXo, KEshi tinal yijing kaishY liéng le, néijian Jidk’ ti bdo, wO xiling ni jin xin waitdo. Fi NA wSnen shénme shfhou qi? Ou, nf y® xiting ai a? Fi WS xing gi mi yftdo shutyi, mii 1i&ngshuaing nfléng wazi. M: Ou, ho, n& wmen xidnzai Jid ai, ho bu hao? fo, nf chufin nBijian Jidke géu bu gdu? ‘Tangl hen eng at M: Gdu le, wS hi chudnle méoy ne. fig, w5de shibfo ne? NBige shiibao sht bu shi? BG shi, nf shi wS JiBjiede. 2! Zi zhér! M: Ho le ba? Ho le, 2Bu ba! Buy an overcoat?! Isn't that new Jacket of yours good? It's very good, but the weather hes already started to get cold, and that jacket is too light, so I'd like to get a new overcoat. ‘Then when shall we go? Oh, you want to go too? I'd like to go buy a pair of Pajamas and a couple of pairs nylon socks. Oh, all right, then let's go right now, okay? Okay. Will it be enough for you to wear that Jacket? The weather is very cold! It's enough. too. I have a sweater on Huh, where's my tote bag? Is that tote bag it? No, that's my older sister's, Ah! Here it is! AlL set? ALL set. Let's go! NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE wSde_shiibao ne?: Questions with ne frequently ask for the whereabouts of something or someone; thus the sentence may be translated, "Where is my tote bag?” 23WLF, Unit 2 SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART IT Taipei. Yingming, xYhuan w5 jintian g€i aX mide zhéding miozi ma? Dudshao qidn mEide? BG gut a! NY bd xfhuan? du, én ho kan. mii dongxi la? NE shang qi F: Duf le. M: Nf h&i mile shénme 1e? F: WS g€i nf Kile 11%ngjian chén— shan, WS kan nf njian 1én yénséde mfoyl pole, héi gi ni mile 1iEngJian mfoyt. Yijian shi budngde, yf Jian shi lide. NY kan. XYhuan ma? M: fig, “hén no kin. xi8xie ni. F: WO h6i g€i Xiko Ming mile ndiyt, niki, hé JYshuing waai. M: WY g€i 21J¥ Xi shénme 1e? Fi WO 2fjf mile yfjian jiak’, yijian wAitao, n&i mile yishudng xié, 'yishuang héng yans&de pixié. M: Hai y8u méiyou? F: Mm... méiyou le. M: Wa n¥ wangle g&i vo mi shutyt le ba? Ou! WS wing le! WO mingtian Qi m&i, ho bu nao? M: Ho. Conversation between a husband and wife. (Xixo Mfng is their son.) Yingming, do you like the new hat T bought for you today? How much did you pay for it? It wasn't expensive! You don't like it? Oh, it's nice. this morning? You went shopping Right. What else did you buy? T bought you two shirts. And since I saw that that blue sweater of yours is worn through, I also ought two sweaters for you. One is yellow and one is green. Look. Do you like them? ‘They're very nice, Thank you. T also bought a few undershirts and underpants and 2 few pairs of socks for Xio Ming. What did you buy for yourself? I bought myself a Jacket and an overcoat, and I also bought a pair of shoes, a pair of red leather shoes. Anything else? Un... no. ‘Then you forgot to buy pajamas for me, didn't you? Oh! I forgot! I'21 go buy them tomorrow, all right? ALL right.WLF, Unit 2 PART III REFERENCE LIST 22, NY yo zud shénneyingée yifu? 23. A: WS ydo zud yfjian gfpho. NY yo zud shénme lidozide? WY shud ySng shénme Lidozi nBo? : Wmen 2h8li ySu hEn dud ah8ng Lidozi, nin xthuan nkyizhing? ake N¥ yo 2ud shénme yangzide? WS xYhuan wS shénshang chuande zhéijian. B: NY KE bu kéyi sho zhBige yangzi 2ud? 25. WS gi nin lidng ch¥ciin, hio ‘bu io? 26. NY knkan zh’ijian mign! nésht bu hésht. 27. xizhuang What kind of clothing do you want made? I want to have a cheongsam made. What material do you want it made from? What material do you think would be dest to use? We have many different kinds of material here; which kind do you prefer? What style do you want it? I like the one T have on. Could you make it in this style? I'll take your measurements, all right? See if this cotton-padded jacket fits you. Western-style clothes; Western-style suit REFERENCE NOTES or "to have clothes made. meant. Wai Taiwan 2ud yifu ba piényi le. "to make," but in the Reference List sentence it is used for "to nave made." Zud yifu has two possible meanings: "to make clothes” ‘The context will usually make clear which is Having clothes made isn't cheap in ‘Taiwan any more. 25WLF, Unit 2 shénmeyang: "what kind, like what" Wide aftiin shénmeyangr? What is your cerpet like? Léide rén shénmeyangr? What did the person who came look like? NY y@ode aitln shi shénmeyangde? What kind of carpet is it that you want? Wide péngyou shi shénmeyangde What kind of person is your friend? rén? aipio: A close-fitting women's dress with high Chinese collar end slit side, now called in English a “cheongsam,” from the Gufngddng dialect name. Qf refers to the Manchurian nationality; péo means a Chinese-style long gown. Thus the name gfpfo comes from the fact that the ancestor of the modern cheongsam ves originally worn ty Manchurian women. Lidozi: “cloth, fabric, material" NX shud...: Literally, "You say...," but often used as in this question to mean, “In your opinion” or "Do you think...” -zhing: “kind, sort" Wide itixfng zhipia shi What kind are your traveler's nf yizhingde? checks? : NY qi n8izhng atfang 2ud What did you go to that kind shénme? of place to do? theizhing jizi h¥n gut. This kind of tangerine is very expensive. yangzi: (1) "appearance," (2) "shape, form," (3) "style, design.” ‘Tide yangzi h&n hKo kan. Her appearance is very attractive. Kan ta n8i yangzi! Look at his appearance! (i.e., "Get @ load of him.") NY shudde n&ige ddngxi shi What does the thing you are talking shénme yangzide? about look like? ‘Tade qfpfode yangzi hEn bi The style of her cheongsam is cud. quite nice. Wide xfn yifu shi shénme What's the style of your new yangzide? dress? 26WLF, Unit 2 shénshang: "on one's body, on one's person" ‘TG shénshang ySu yfJian 1én He has a blue overcoat on. aayi. WS shénshang méiyou qién. I don't have any money on me. WOde qin xianz@i ddu 28i ta He has all my money with him right shénshang. now. KE bu kéyi: another way to say kéyi bu kéyi, zhdo: “according to” Ji chdo ahBige nian. Just read it the way it is here (eecording to this). Jil chao zh8ige p&ijia huan be! Just exchange it according to this exchange rate. WS 18 zh3o n¥de ytsi xik, I'11 just write it the vay you vant no bu h¥o? it written, all right? Ligng: "to measure" NY g€i wo 1iéngliang 2n8ikuai Measure this piece of cloth idozi gdu bu gdu. for me to see if there's enough. chicin: "measurements," literally, "feet-inches." Also pronounced eh¥eun (with cun in the neutral tone). mién'fo: "Chinese-style cotton-padded Jacket" héshi: "to fit; to be suitable, to be appropriate” @n’ijian yitu hEn hésh?, da This garment fits well, it's GB y8 bi xifo. neither too large nor too small. WY chuan 2h8ige yénsé bG tai ‘That color doesn't look right hésht, hudn (yi)jian biéde ba. on you, try a different one. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART IIT Beijing. A man (A) goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made. (B) 18 the tailor. A: WS y@o zud j¥Ji&n yitu, I'd like to have some clothes made. atWLF, Unit 2 B: Xing a. Nin y&o zud shénme- Okay, what kind of clothes do you yangrde yifu? want to have made? A: Eng, wS y8o 2ud 1i%ngtho xfzhuling, I'd like to have two Western- yitdo chiintian chuande, yitdo style suits made, one to wear dOngtian chufnde. in the spring and one to wear in the winter. B: HKo. Wmen 2h8r ySu h€n aud All right. We have many kinds of zhng ligozi. Nin xYhuan ud cloth here. What kind of cloth n¥izhtng 1idozide? Zh€izhtng do you like to wear? This kind Lidozi aud chiintian chuande of cloth would look very good xizhuang hén nfo kan. Nin asa spring suit. Take a look kankan nfn xthuan bu xYhuan. and see if you like it. 0, hEn ho kan, Jia ud yftdo Oh, it's very attractive. Make ah’izhBng Lifozide ba. one suit of this cloth. Nin kin, ah8izhng 1i8o2i 2ud What do you think of this cloth dngtian chudnde xizhuang for the winter suit? Nice, isn't zBamey8ng? BG cud ba? Hen it? It's very warm. nuinhuo. Ar LiGozi hén blo, késhi wS bG t&i The cloth is very good, but I don't xihuan 2h8izhng yéns®. Nin Like this color very mich. Do ySu lén yéns8de ma? you have this in blue? B: YSulén yéns8de. zhBige Yes, I do. How is this? zBnmeyang? Ho. Zh8ige wS hén xYhuan. Good. I like this very much. xidxie ni. ‘Thank you. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART IIT ‘Taipei. A woman goes to a tailor shop to have some clothes made. A: Qingwan, nfmen 2h81i 2ud bu zuo Do you make cheongsams and cotton- aipio hé mién'%o? padded coats here? B: Women cud, 2ud. Yes, we do, we do. A: WO xiling yOng h8 1ilngkudi I'd like to use these two pieces Ligozi aud yfjian afpéo han’ of material to make a cheongsan yijian mign'%o. and @ cotton-padded coat. iin: A comnon pronunciation in Teivan for the character hé, “and” or “with. 28WLF, Unit 2 B: Qfpéo yao zud ‘chéngde héishi dune? A: Yao zud chéingde. B: WS kankan n¥de lidozi yu dudshiio ba. Zh8ikuai kéyi 2ud chéngde. N@ikuai zh kéyi zud duiinde, A: MA Ji yong nikudi zud mign'¥o, yong zh8ikudi zud afpfo. Kéyi bat? N@ikuai lidozi Qpéio Kéyi, kéyi. zud mién'%o hEn hésht. yao zud shénme yangzide? WS xYhuen w5 shénshang chuainde un8ijian. NY K8 bu kéyi zhdo mh@ijiande yangzi 2ud? M: Kéyi, Xidnz&i wO g8i ni ling ch¥ciin, ho bu hEo? Do you vant the cheongsam long or short? Long. Let me have a lock at how much mater- ial you have. With this piece you can make a long one. With that piece you can only make @ short one. ‘Then use that piece to make the cotton-padded coat and use that piece to make the cheongsam. Will ‘that be all right? Sure. ‘That piece of material is very suitable for making a cotton-padded coat. What style do you want the cheongsan? I like the one I have on. Can you make it according to the style of this one? Yes. Now I'll take. your measure- ments, okay? 29WLF, Unit 2 véo chéng chénshan en¥cun (ch¥ciin) chuan ali dayt ding ffizhudngdi an ganbufi aou nan ne nésht nda hud J48K8 (x) OR J18k8(r) Jian kizi (yitiéo) ligne Liozt réoyi maozi_(yfding) min'&o, na nik ndiyl afiléng pixié Po Unit 2, Vocabulary 30 to be thin; to be Light (of clothing) to be long shirt, blouse measurement; size to put on, to wear to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves, a het, a watch, jewelry, etc.) overcoat (counter for hats) clothing store cadre suit to be enough and (Taiwan pronunciation) and to fits to be suitable to be thick; to be heavy (of clothing) to be bad; to go bad, to break Jacket (counter for clothing) pants to measure material, fabric sweater hat cotton-padded Jacket then, in that case underpants underwear (undershirts, undershorts, briefs, slips, bras, etc.); just undershirt (when used in contrast to niki, underpants) nylon leather shoes ‘to be worn out; to break, to tearWLF, Unit 2 afpfo a aGinzi shénmeyang shénshang ~shuang shiibo shutyl (y{tao) -tio -tiéo tudxié wRitdo(r) wang wazi xié xizhuang yitu yong yibié yiyi zhlo m2htng 235i zud a1 close-fitting voman's dress with high neck and slit skirt; cheongsam to go skirt , like vhat, what kind on one's body pair book bag, tote bag, carryall pajamas; nightgown (counter for suits, sets of things) (counter for long, winding things; counter for pants, translated "pair") slippers coat, jacket (that extends below the waist) to forget. socks shoe Western-style clothes; Western-style suit to need, to require appearance; shape, form; style, design; pattern should; must; it is necessary, to need to clothes to use rainshces; rubbers, geloshes raincoat according to kind, sort self, oneself (myself, yourself, etc.) to make; to have madeWLF, Unit 3 Personal Welfare Module, Unit 3 Hair Care PART I REFERENCE LIST Jintian wS ySu_sht, afng ni kudi yidin jitn. 2. Ar Jin duiin yiditin mat OBE ane yoaster” Likngbidn Jilin dun yidikn, GBu aun 1e. + WB y8o xf téu. WS bG yo you. + H6i_ySu t6ufa, vd shiitu, ging xi ning gnjing yidith Qing gBi wS gud yfxia nei. 9. NY y&o chuf b8i-me? 10, NY y8o &nné ma? 11. Nimen 2h8ii yu o@ pixiéde ma? 12. 146 née 13. it £8 ak, 1¥ebaian/1f8guin I have things to do today, please cut Cay hair] faster. Do you want it cut short? Don't cut it too short, leave it a little long. Cut the sides a little shorter. It's short enough now. I want @ shampoo. I don't want any (hair) ofl. There's still some hair Ce.g., on my neck] and it's uncomfortable; please clean it up a little. Give me a shave, please. (Literal: "Please shave the beard for ne. Do you want your back pounded? Do you want a massage? Can I get a shoeshine here? to grow a beard to have a haircut barbershop REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I yBu_shi: "to be occupied, to have business. 32 something to do," literally, "to haveWLF, Unit 3 NY xdana@i yu sh? ma? Are you busy now? Méi shi. No, I'm not busy. Zn: “to cut (with a scissors), to clip, to trim" Chinese has several different words for English "to cut" depending on the method of cutting. Jin only refers to cutting with e scissors or clipper. bi y&o: "don't" In Transportation Module, Un t 3, you learned bié for “don't” in negative commands. BG yao means the same thing. LiGngdidn: "two sides, both sides” In English it is enough to say just "the sides” and to add "two" or "both" seems superfluous, but ling is nec- essary in Chinese. Perhaps this is because Chinese has no way of indicating plural, as does the s in English, "the sides. Gdu_duin le: "It's short enough now" There are two things to notice in this short sentence: (1) In English we say "short enough,” but in Chinese you say literally "enough short"; in other words, gdu is used as an adverb to modify the adjectival verb dun. (2) le here indicates a new state of affairs: before, the hair wasn't short enough, but now it is. Thus le can be rendered into English by the word "now.' xitéu: "to vash the hair" qu is literally "head," but in many cases actually refers to the hair. In most Chinese barbershops a shampoo after the haircut is standard procedure, and you would not have to specify that you want one. (XY _téu is translated as "to shampoo.” Liquid shampoo is called xifijing, "vash-heir-essence.") Notice thet WS yo x¥ téu has been translated idiomatically as "I want a shampoo," although literally xi téu is a verb-object "to wash the head." Many Chinese phrases made up of a verb plus object are ambiguous as to who per- forms the action. You might have been tempted to translate WS yao x¥ téu a: "I want to wash the hair," but in this context the sentence actually means "I want to have (my) hair washed," that is, by someone else (the barber). The context should tell you which meaning is intended. Another example: I am going to wash clothes. WS qi xi yifu. OR I am going to have clothes washed. Usually you won't have any trouble deciding which the speaker means; the situaticr or other things the speaker says will make it clear. yOu: Literally, "oil," this vord may be used in a looser sense to refer to all sorts of liquid preparations applied to the hair by hand (e.g., Vitalis). The specific word for "hair oil" is fayéu or téuyéu. Hai ySu t6ufa...: This is the sentence to say when the barber leaves bits of hair on your neck. The average person would gesture to his neck and say this sentence. 33"to be comfortable; to feel good" Mh8ige yi2i chén shifu. ‘This chair is really comfortable. Zh8ige xiio féng hio shiifu a! ‘This breeze ("little wind") feels so good! Bi shiifu can either mean "to be uncomfortable" or "not to be well," thet is, to feel ill. Ai Wing XigoJie w8ishénme Why didn't Miss Wing come today? Jintian méi 14i7 B: TS jintian bi shifu. She doesn't feel well today. nong: An extremely versatile verb because it has such @ general meanin ‘to do/manage/handle/make." Néng often substitutes for a more specific verb. Also pronounced 1éng or néng. WS qi ndng fan. I'll go get the meal ready. WS qi ndng ndige. I'11 go take care of that. WS 2tJT nong ba. Let me do it myself. Bié ndng ndixie shfaing. Don't mess eround with that sort of thing. Ta ndngle hEn dud qién. He came up with a lot of money. But in the Reference List sentence, néng is used in an even more common way, meaning "to make (someone/something @ certain way)" or "to get (someone/ something into a certain condition)." Other examples: nngginjing: "to make/get something clean" nOnghudi: "to break, to put out of order, to ruin” ndngpd: “to tear, to break” iB nGzi: "to shave", literally, "to scrape the beard." ‘The verbobject phrase gua hfizi, like xi t6u in Reference List Sentence No. 5, may be trans- lated in either of two ways depending on the context: either "to shave (someone)" or "to have someone shave oneself." Zi wS gui hizi: “sheve me" G¥i is the prepositional verd meaning "tor." When you have a verb-object phrase like gui hdzi you indicate the Person upon whom the action is performed by using e gi phrase. Qing ni gE wo xX thu. Please wash my hair for me (i.e., ’ give me a shampoo). 3hWLF, Unit 3 chui_b&i: "to pound (someone's) back" as in massage. Parbere in China often provide this service after the haircut. Tere once again, chuf bai is a verb-object phrase with the same ambiguity as x¥ téu and gua ‘it may mean "to pound someone's back" or "to have one's back pounded. Again, the context determines the interpretation. When the berber asks you NI y8o chui béi ma?, you can safely assume that he is offering to pound your back rather than asking you to pound his. Snmé: This is the noun "massage." In recent years, an increasing number Of barbershops in Taiwan, Hong Kong, end a few in the TRC have added massage to their list of services. Chinese medical clinics and hospitals also give therapeutic massage. c&_pixié: "to shine shoes/to have one's shoes shined" (Ca is 1iter- ally, "to wipe, to rub.") Once again, there is potential ambiguity as to who is the performer of the action. Also note thet Chinese must use the verb-object; there is no noun corresponding to Fnglish "a shoeshine.” The translation of the Reference List sentence using "a shoeshine” is idiomatic. Literally the sentence means, "Is there someone who shines shoes here?” C& pixiéde is a noun phrase meaning "someone who shines shoes, a shoechiner.” 1i nGzi: "to grow a beard," literally 1iG, "to leave, to let be," and hézi “beard, mustache.” FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I Taipei. A Chinese man (A) walks into a barbershop and sits down in a barber's chair. ‘The barber is B and the shoeshine boy is C. B: Jindulin yldiiin ma? Do you want it a little shorter? Ba, v5 yao 1iG chéng yidiin. I want to leave it a little long. Hilo. ALL right. Nimen zh81i yu méiyou c& pixiéde? Do you have someone who shines shoes here? YSu, yOu. B, 2h8w’i xidnshéng Yes, we do. (to the shoeshine boy) y8o c& pixié, kudi 14i! Hey, this gentlemen wants to have his shoes shined, come quickly! HE Okey! 35WLF, Unit 3 (Ten minutes later) Xidnshéng, nY kankan hOubian zénmeyang, héi y8o bu y&o 2Bi jin yaiin? BG yo le, hdubian h&n ho. Ligngbian me... Likngbidn chéngle yidiin? sit Ligngbién y® hin nko. anéyangzi ba! Ho. (A few minutes later) G8i n¥ chuf yixid béi 2énmeyang? Ba bt le. Sir, take a look at how the back is, do you want more off? No, the back is fine. As for the sides... ‘The sides are a little long? ‘The sides are okay, too. Just leave it this way. Pound your back for you? That's not necessary. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE Ligngbin me Tt me indicates hesitation, indecision or consideration. is transleted here by the words "as for." SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I ‘A barbershop in BeiJing. An American goes into a medium-sized barbershop. After sitting for a while in the waiting area, his number is called, he pays his fee to the cashier, and then sits down in a barber's chair. Since the American has been here three times before, the barber and he are already acquainted. B: H@i! Nin zhé téu" gdu chéngde ~ let A: MnBiEngge yud ti méing, méi shijian na! Duin yidignr ‘ba! B: Xing a! Hey, this hair of yours is getting awfully long! I've been two busy the past couple of months, I haven't had any time! Cut it short for me, okay? Sure! Tou, literally “head,” is used here for “head of hair: 36WLF, Unit 3 B: Zh&i_ hdubienr gdu dun le, It's short enough in back. How about Litngbificr cEnmeying? Dud lif the sides? How about leaving then yidiinr bBo bu ho? alittle long? * Ar BG yo 1if 1e, nfn ji Jin ba. Don't leave them long, Just cut ‘them. B: Xidne8i 2Enmeyang? How is it now? A: BG cud!” Pretty good! B: NA, dlo néibianr 2ud, v5 Then, have @ seat over there end eBi nin x¥ t6u. I'L give you @ shampoo. A: Hilo, All right. B: Y8o diinr yOu ma? Want sone oil? A: BG yo, bi yo. Wo, I don't. B: Gudgua hGei bat? How about @ shave? BG ydng le, dud xié nin, nézi That's not necessary, thank you. WS 2iJY gud ba! Win g&i wo I'l shave myself!” Just clean up vk téufa nngginjingle jiu the hairs for me and that will be xing le. all right. B: Wo, Xianz&i shiifu le ba? Okay, does that feel better? At Shiifu dud le, xiaxie nfnt Much better. Thank yo Br BG k8qi. You're welcome, NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE néi_ sh{jidn na: Na is a contraction of ne and a. "not bad, pretty good” (MTG 2) dao n&ibianr aud: The gh is omitted from this phrase. 37WLF, Unit 3 PART IT REFERENCE LIST 15. A: Mingtdan wS yo zud. tOufa, WS xiydo ylyud ma? Bi xdyao, winshang badiin zhong yYqiaén lai jid nei vine 16. A: NY yao ji&n dudsh&o? Bi WS yo Jin wiifén, 17. Hdishi yBu ai%in chéng. 18. Yao bu yao shiyishi 1i ching yidiin? WS xing yfding ho kan. 19. WS xiling tang téufa. 20. A: NY yao juin téufa ma? Br BG ylo, chuigdn Jid kéyi le. 21, shi téu I want to have my hair done tomorrow; do I need to make an appointment? Wo. If you come before eight in the evening there won't be any problem. How much do you want cut off? I want five f8n cut off. It's still a little long. Do you want to try leaving it a little longer? I'm sure it will look good. I'd like to get a permanent. Do you want to have your hair curled? No, just blow-dry it and thet will be fine. to comb/brush one's hair REFERENCE NOTES ON PART II 2ud_ tute: "to do hair" or "to have one's hair done" (See the Reference Notes for Part I on x¥ téu, gua hGzi, chuf bai, cf pfxié.) ylyué: "to make an appointment" literally "beforehand make-an- appointment." This is relatively new PRC usage; this word used to have only the meanings "a preliminary agreement" or "to pre-order a book which has not yet been published." In Taiwan (or the PRC for that natter), you may use instead the phrase xian yuS yige shfjian, "to arrange a time beforehand." Appointments are not generally required or accepted in barbershops and beauty parlors in the PRC or Taiwan. want{: "problem" or "question." Méi(you) went! is Just like the English "ho problem." In addition to its literal meaning of "There is no 38WLF, Unit 3 problem,” méi want{ can also be used to assure someone that you are extend- ing a favor gladly. KE bu kéyi Qing ni g&i wo wen Could you please ask about this zh’ijian shi? matter for ne? MEi vents. Yo problen. fa f8n: A Chinese unit of length equal to 1/3 of a centimeter, or slightly nore than 1/8 of an inch. Fén originally meant "one tenth." You have also seen it meaning "one cent" (1/10 of a dime, méo). As a unit of length, fén is one tenth of a Chinese inch (cin). We have draw a ruler marking off gin ("inches") and fén so that you can contrast it with our American British) inch. * , 2 cin boot hoot ud ° 1 2 3 [-——_+—_+—_| English inches Su din: Used before a state verb, ySu (yt)dilin means "a little, slightly,” as ii yOu yidiin ré a little hot yéu yidiin nén a little difficult The use of yOu yidilin deserves your special attention, since Eiglish speakers learning Chinese tend to make the mistake of saying yidiin nén (which is incorrect) for "a little difficult" instead of the correct form yOu yidiin nén. Remenber to put in that ySu! shiyishi: "to try, to give it a try" Shi is "to try" in the sense of “to experiment." It does not mean "try" in the sense of "to make an effort" to do something. yiaing: "certainly, surely, for sure, definite(1y)" Literally, sentence 18 means "I think it will surely be good-looking,” which can be translated more smoothly es "I'm sure it will look good." The phrase "I'm sure . . ." will often translate into Chinese as WS xing... yfaing . . . , for example: WS xing n¥ yfatng xYhuan. I'm sure you'll like it. WS xiling ta yfaing 141. I'm sure he'll come, 39WLF, Unit 3 - tang téufa! "to get a permanent" The use of the verb ting for "to get a permnent™ Has an interesting background and shows how Chivers eaapte were already in the language rather than borrow from other languages, Tang orig- inally meant (and still does) "to scala" or "to apply heat to” something. For example, tang yifu means "to iron clothes." The earliest methods for giving a permanent wave used heated curlers; in fact, today in Beijing (as in other parts of the world) electrically heated curlers are still used in one type of permanent called dian tang, "electric permanent." After the intro- duction of chemical permanents, the verb tang continued to be used, even though no heat is applied in the new process. Chemical Permanents are called ung tang, "cold permenent." juin: "to curl, to roll up" You will find this verb used in many con- texts, not just in the area of hair styling. It is the all-purpose word for rolling or curling ribbons, paper, pastry, end building materials. (Curly hair is ju&nfa, straight hair is 2hffa.3 shuigin: "to blow-ary" Chui is "to blow, to puff" and giin is the adjec- tival'verb "to be ary." These two verbs used together to form a compound Which indicates both the action and the result: "to blow until ary" or "to blow with the result that (something) becomes dry. Chufgan and the English vord "blow-dry," look as if they are exactly parallel, but they are not. In English you can leave off the word "blow" and dust sey "to dry someone's hair," whereas in Chinese you cannot use gan to mean the action of drying something, only the state of being dry. You always need to use another verb with gin in order to tell the action which caused the drying. For example, cagin means "to wipe (sonething) ary.” FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART IZ A Canadian woman (C) walks into the BEijing Hotel hairdresser's. First she talks with the cashier in front (A). C: Jintian rén zhéme dud, WB mingtian zi 14i ba. Qing wen, wS KE bu kéyi ylyus? A: BG bE ylyué, nin ding shffén zhong Jit ySu atfang le. B: Qing aud. Nin xiting 2Bnme 2ud? Yao bu yao Jilin duiin yidiGnr? Later the hairdresser (B) calls her. There are so many people today. Just come back tomorrow. May I ask, can I make an appointment? rn No need to, there will be a seat if you just wait ten minutes. Have a seat, please. How would you like it done? Do you want it cut a little shorter? hoWLF, Unit 3 C: WS xiling wSde téufa yOu yidiinr I think my hair is a little long, chang le, zut h¥o Jiinyijin. I'd better have it cut a little. B: Ji¥n duéshao? Wirénr gdu bu gou? How much? Is five fen enough? Wirdnr? "“wlirgnr" shi shénme ytsi? Five fen? What does "five fen" mean? 0, witéor ji shi chéme y2diinr. 0h, five fen is this much. (Holds her thumb and index finger five fen apart.) ~ Ou, jim wifénr hio. Oh, (it would be good to) cut off five fen. B: Ho, wSmen xian g8i nin x¥ téu, Al _ right, first we'll give you a Jitndulin, rénhdu 28i aud. shampoo and cut, and then set it. Hiode. Fine. B: Win y8o tang héishi yo juin? Do you want to have @ permanent or do you want to have it curled? B: WS bi x¥huan ting, Ji0 juin I don't like permanents. Just curl yijuin ho le. it a little. B: H&o, Jid juainyijuan, chuigin. Okay, I'll just curl it and blow-dry. YOu shihour tng téufe y hén Sonetimes a permanent looks very nfo kin. Xidyied nin kéyi good, too. Next time you can try . shiyishi. one. Ho, xiact w5 shiyishi. Okey, next time I'11 give it a try. (Afterwards, the woman gets up and the barber takes her to the cashier at the front of the shop.) XY téu_yfkuai qin, jikn téu - A dollar for a shampoo, a dollar and yikudi wi, juin fa wi kui wi, a half for a cut, five fifty for chuigin yikuai wi, o, yfging the set, a dollar and a half for shi jitikuai windo gin. blow drying, um, altogether that's nine fifty. tnér shi sh{kudi, dG ydng zh&o le. Here's ten dollars, keep the change. Br Ba, zh¥o nfn wiiméo qién. No, here's fifty cents change. C: Aijian, Good-bye. B: 2aijian. Good-tye. syWLF, Unit 3 NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE Tipping is not permitted in the PRC. giving the woman her change. ‘This is why the barber insists on SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART IT Taipei. hairdresser, A: Xitloji8, n¥ yo 2u8 shénme yang- zide téu? B: WS méiyou cudguo téufa, méicd adu_shi xtyixY, Jilnyijitn, chuigin Jiu h¥o le. Zh8icd y&o bu yo shtyishi ne? B: WO xdiing wS Juin téufe dag’i vo nfo kan. (A shows B a photograph. ) XiBoJi8, n¥ kan, 2hége yangzi nén ho kande, zhY juin ytaiindiin, nl yo bu y&o sh? yfxia? Ho, wS sht yfxia. WS xiling n¥ yfatng xthuan. . . NA wS Jil bo jikh le, téurta chéng yidilin 2uéde h¥o kan. Bi Ho, xiéxie ni. Ar BG kBqi. A woman student about to have her hair done is talking with the What style do you want it, Miss? I've never had my hair done before, every time I've Just had it washed, cut and blow-dried, and that's it. Would you like to try this time? I think I probably vouldn't look good with my hair curled. Miss, look, this sample is very pretty. It's only a little curled. Would you like to give it a try? Okay, I'll give it a try. I'm sure you'll like it. . . . Well, then, I won't cut it. The set will look better if the hair is a little long. Thank you. You're welcome. NOTES OW THE DIALOGUE hEn bio kinde: typical of southern dialects. The -de here means "that's how it is." This usage is widilnalin: "e very little bit", less than ytditn. heWLF, Unit 3 Anmé v6 yao oh chut bai ehutgan fin ginjing oud gud nied hézi jin juan Lidngbisn 1a 1G ned méi went ndng, ndng ginjing sht shi (yi)shi shifu shi téu tang téufe wentt xt xt téu yiaing you yOu shi you (yi)aign yiyué 2ud téufe Unit 3, Vocabulary 43 massage don't to rub, to wipe to pound (someone's) back to blow-dry (with a dryer) one tenth of a Chinese inch (cin) to be clean to scrape to shave (the beard) beard OR mustache to cut (with scissors) to curl, to roll up oth sides, two sides to remain, to stay; to keep, to save; ‘to grov, to let grow; to leave to grow a beard or mustache no problem to do, to handle, to manage, to make to clean up to try to give it a try to be comfortable to brush or comb hair to get a permanent heir (on the head) question, problem to vash to shampoo, to get a shampoo certainly, surely, for sure oil, grease to be occupied, to be busy, to have things to do a little bit, solevhat to make an appointment (PRC) to do one's hair, to have one's hair doneWLF, Unit & Personal Welfare Module, Unit & In the Home PART T REFERENCE LIST 1. Yinjing gén zhipiaoben adu A ae le. Xikobénzi 28i wS xIzhudng wSudaili. 3. Bh@oxiaingJT 281 xiangsili. WWE ile yige liyinjt, aut bu aut? 5. WS mi a@i shSushi lai. 6. WY bE n¥ ddide ddngxi abu xi¥ + zai shénb&odnshang le ma? T. ; WS d@ile rshijuSn 1dytnaai. 8. WS zh¥dao h&n diio Zhdngguo fini wa 48 shSushi, sudyi wS yF mei @8i sh3ushi 1éi. 9. Qing nf bE xidngzi aikal gi vo kankan. 10, Méi sh? te. 1. MY y8o aBide dSngxi du yibei- no le ma? 12, zhIpiao T have both my glasses and checkbook with me (on me). My notebook is in my suit pocket. My camera is in the suitcase, You have a tape recorder with you, don't you? T didn't bring any Jewelry with me. Did you write everything you have with you on your declaration? I have twenty reels of recording tape with me. T knew thet a lot of Chinese women don't wear Jewelry, so I didn't bring any either. Please open your suitcase end let me take a look. Everything is all right OR There's no further business. Have you got all the things you want to take with you ready? check (as in perscnal check) REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I ing: "eyeglasses" vinjing ("eye"), a yanjing: Don't mix this up with yanjing, "eye." In BEijing speech these vords are pronounced yEnjingr ("eyeglasce: keeping them even more distinct from each other. ") andWLF, Unit 4 zhipiaob&n: "checkbook" Zhipido is a "check," literally "pay-ticket." Bén(r) is a booklet. ai: "to bring" This word sounds exactly like another you learned in Unit 2, a8, "to wear, to put on (glasses, gloves, a hat, a wristwatch, Jewelry, etc.)." ‘They are different vorés, however, written with different characters ( ## for "to bring" and ff for "to wear"). The translation of the first Reference List sentence is idiomatic; we would say "I have. . . with me" or "I have . . . on me" when Chinese says literally, "I have brought xitob&nzi: "notebook," Literally "small book." In Reference List sen~ tence No. 2, xifobEnzi is translated specifically as “address book." Actually, the word is more neutral in meaning ("notebook, booklet"), but picks up the specific translation from the context. xiangzi: "box, trunk, case" Xiangzi corresponds to the English "suit- case,” while xfngli is the equivalent of "luggage." shinbJodin: "declaration form" Shénb&o is the verb "to report to a higher body, to declare something at customs.” Dn is the noun meaning "pill, list, note. xi8 zai sh8nbaodanshang: “write it on the decl---.ion form" Notice thet the place pirese (cline. . shang) is placed aiter the verb here, rather than in its usual place before the verb. When the location tells where the result of the activity is supposed to end up, that location phrase may appear after the verb (2 position where other "results" also show up). Compare these two sentences: 28i thudzishang xi€ zi. Write (with paper) on the desk. BG yo xi¥ zai zhudzishang! Don't write on the desk! (Said to — child making marks on the table.) “women, womankind"” This the term for "women" in the general sense. The term nlirén is less polite and more biological: "female." (In Taivan, fini refers only to married women, WNtide may be used for “women, voman. WS_chTdeo h&n dud Zhongguo finll pi di shBushi, sudyi wS yS méi adi shdushi 14i: The first verb dai means “to wear,” and the second verb dai is to bring with one." . bi xiangei dikai g¥i vo kanken: “open the suitcase for me to take # look" or open the suitcase and let me take @ look." You have learned g&i as a main verb "to give" and as a prepositional verb meaning "for" (Qing ni_g€i vo hulnhuan, "Please change it for me"). In Reference List sentence No. 9 you see gi used in a longer type of sentence. Compare the following 5WLF, Unit 4 examples: ‘ve xidngei dikei g¥i v5 kankan open the suitcase for me to take a ook nian géi women tingting read it aloud for us to listen Bi néiding mdozi gBi ta dai Duy that hat to give to her to wear zud nBige di&nxin g¥i hdizi cht © make that pastry for the child to eat When g¥ii comes after the verb, it can mean either "to give" or "for, et." For example, BX n8ib’n shii néchulai g&i wo kankan could mean either "Take out the book and (actually) give it to me to look at,” OR "Take out the book for me to see (show it to me, not necesserily hand it to me)." The context will help you decide vhich is meant; often, only one vill make sense. CAUTION: Although gi is sometimes idionetically translated as "to let,” you should not take this to mean that English "to let” may always be trans— lated into Chinese with g&i. There is a very limited correspondence between "Let" and gi. Usually you will translate "to let" as rang, waich is intro- duced in Unit 6, Part III, of this module. Méi_sht le: "Everything is all right now" OR "there's no further business." Here, this means "Now that I've looked over your suitcase I fina that there isn't anything further we need to take up." yibeihilo le: "prepared" You have already learned the word zhtinb’i, "to prepare, to get ready" or "to plan to.” Yibei is a close synonym Weih¥o or zhiinbéino both mean "to get all ready." The ending nfo on certain verbs indicates bringing something to a satisfactory conclusion. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I An American woman is going through customs in Gu&ngzhdu (Canton). M: NY D& n¥ d@ide dingxi adu xi8 Did you write everything you have zai shénbaodanshang le ma? with you on your declaration? Fr Ddu xi le. Yes, I wrote everything. Mr NY d&ile yfge zhdoxiangsI, yfge You heve a camera, a tape recorder LyInji, yfge shduyinjf, dub and a radio with you, don't you? bu dui? F: Duf le. Right. NGWLF, Unit & WY aBile dudshao ldyind’i? WS d@ile @rshi juin. NY dBile shSushi méiyou? WS zhdao hEn dud Zhongguo fintt ‘ba ddi shdushi, sudyi wS yé nméi d@i shBushi 141. NY d@ile dudshao MBijin? WS ile sanqian wibdikuai. Qing ni b¥ xidngei dikei gi women kankan. Ho. Ho, Xiéxie ni. WY kéyi zu le. Méi shi le. How much tape do you have with you? T have twenty reels with me. Do you have any Jewelry with you? I knew that many Chinese women don't wear jewelry, so I didn't bring any Jewelry either. How mich American money do you have with you? I have three thousand five hundred dollars. Please open your suitcase and let us ‘take a look. Certainly, Okay, thank you. Everything is all right. You may go now. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART I A Chinese couple in Taipei are talking just before the husband is to leave on a trip. Fi NY yao d&ide déngxi ddu yibeihio le meiyou? M: WS xiing w5 ddu yilbeihfo le. YEnjing gén ahipidob—n dSu @€i le. XikobEnzi 28i vB xizhudng kBud@i 1Ymian. Fi NY shud n¥ ylo zhdo xiang.” ut 48i zhdoxiangji le meiyou? WS d8i le. Zi xi€ngzili. Have you got all the things you want ‘to take with you ready? I think I have them all ready, I have ny glasses and my checkbook with me. My address book is in ny suit pocket. You said you wanted to take pictures. Do you have your camera with you? Yes. It's in my suitcase. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE “zhBo xiang: "to take photographs” (WLF 6) aywLF, Unit & PART IT ab, 15. 16. at. 18. 19. a. 22, 23. 2k. 25. 26. eT. 28. REFERENCE LIST NY zhO fGngei héishi gingyd? UhBige féngzi yfging yBu jYee féngjiin? Zhdige féngzi ybu sinjién vosht. e ni kankan. Women b% féngzi ziichugu le. Women xifn ado kating 2ud yixia, BB diln ché. ZnBige féngzi h¥oxiang hén da. Yenme ddde fangri, gko wishing nn méfen ba? Pingchéng Xiko Lén gén wo yigt Wonen d&o finting chi fin qu ba. WS shi 22j¥ oud ean, chfifing xizkofing shifang wofing Do you live in a house or an epart— ment building? How many rooms does this house/ apartment have? This house/apartment has three ‘bedrooms. I'll take you and show you. We rented out the house/apartment. Let's first go and sit in the living room and drink some tea. This house/apartment seems very lerge. It must be a bother to do the cleaning with such a large house. Usually Xitio Lén straightens up the Place (rooms) with me. Let's go to the dining room and eat. I do my own cooking. kitchen bathroom study, library (of a house) ‘bedroom (alternate word for wésht) the word gongyi technical contexts), but in Taiwan it is widely used. REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART IT "apartment building,” 1 i is seldom used (only may be translated as either gongyi or for an “apartment.” iterally "public residence" In the PRC, in the names of some buildings, and in "Apartment building” GSngyii is sometimes used gongyiléu. 48WLF, Unit 4 Nimende gSngyi ySu j¥Jian How many rooms does your apartment féngjian? have? ~ But you vould use dinyudn, "unit," not gOngy, for "apartment" in UhBige gingydiéu ySu dud— How many apartments are there shao danyuén? in this apartment building? Although an epartment-dvelier will usually refer in English to his “apartment,” in everyday conversation, Chinese usually just speak of their féngzi. In other words, any type of residence--house or apartment--can be called a ingzi. Use the word gingyl when you need to distinguish clearly between "apartment" and "house. jin: This is the counter for rooms. Don't confuse it with the falling tone =Jién, the counter for articles of clothing, which you learned in WLF 2. This is the verb you learned meaning "to bring (along), to take (along). Here it is used with the extended meaning of "to take” or "lead" someone to a place. WS ai ni gd. I'll take you there. Xidwu ging ni d@i néizi alo In the afternoon, please take the gdngyuén qu wénr. children to the park to play. xiichugu: "to rent out” The verb 2 ty itself means "to rent" in the opposite direction, that is, to rent something from the owner. Contrast: WS b&% féngzi ziichugu le. I rented out the house, WB ziile yige féngzi. I rented a house (to live in). kéting: "living room," literally, "guest-hall.” dio kéting 2ud yixid: "go to the living room and sit a while” This is roughly the equivalent of d8o k8ting gi zud ySxi. The verb gi is sometimes omitted after a a3o phrase when the meaning of "go" does not need to be emphasized. hé_ch&: "to drink tea” ‘This is not an involved ritual as the Japanese have, but it is not simply the taking of a beverage, either. HE ché, ina social setting means talking and relaxing while sipping tea. Books have been written on tea in China, its social significance, and the art of serving it. We cannot do Justice to the topic in this small note. Let us just leave you with two tips: 1. Except with close friends, don't turn down a cup of tea when offered. It is as much a gesture of friendship and a means of communication as it is a beverage. 4gWLF, Unit 4 2. Don't ask for sugar, lemon or milk. Unless you are in a restaurant ordering it, lemon and milk will most likely be unavailable. It is a double embarrassment to your host, who may not keep lemon and milk on hand, and who hates to see someone defile the good taste of pure tea. boxing: “to seem, it seems as if" Use this word as an adverb, placing it before the verb phrase. T& h&oxiang ba ding. He seemed not to understand. OR He didn't seem to understand. NE hoxiang bG ti xYhuan zh3ige You don't seem to like this house fangzi. too much. WY hioxiang zi xiling shénme You seem to be thinking about shi. something. ‘Ta age h¥oxiang chéngehéng His older brother seems to get shéng bing. sick very often. Hioxiang is sometimes used merely to express that the speaker thinks a situs: tion is so, but cannot confirm his suspicion. In such sentences, hXoxiing is best translated as "It seems to me that..." or "I think..." or "I seem to remember ... . ." Notice that the word order in Chinese stays the same. WS b¥oxiang 28i nr kanjianguo ‘It seems to me I've seen this zh@ige zi. character somewhere before. NY bEoxiang giosuguo wo zh8ijian I seem to remember your telling me shiging. about this before. Zi nBige shthou, té hioxiang At that time, he was still living nai ghd 28i Jidzhdu. in California, I think. MBiguo h¥oxiang méiyou zh8ige, ‘Tt seems to me you don't have this dut bu dui? in America, do you? go w8ishing: "to clean," literally "to do sanitation" This is an expression used in the FRC. ‘The verb go, "to do,” originally a word found in southern dislects of Mandarin Chinese, is now widely used in Standara Chinese, even in BEijing. In Taiwan, go does not have as wide @ usage as in the PRC, vhere many new expressions have been created since 1919 using this verb, 50WLF, Unit 4 n&fan: "to be troublesome, to be a nuisance, to be inconvenient" In the Money module, you learned the verb méfan for "to bothe: venience (someone)," as in MAfan n¥ le, "Sorry to trouble you. to incon Here you learn méfan as an adjectival verb. Na ti m&fan le. 2hén m&fan. ingching: “usually, generally, time words, pingchéng may come before before the verb. Pingchfing wSmen du zAi k&ting kan diansht. Women pingchang ddu 2di keting ean GIBSSbY. WS pingchéing Jitiaiin zhong fi xia bin, shSushi to put That's too much trouble What a bother. ordinarily" Like other two-syllable or after the subject, but always We usually watch television in the living room. I don't usually get off work until nine o'clock. "to straighten up, to ‘tidy up (a place)" or "to put away, order, to clear avay (things).” about neatening up a place, use gio weishéng when you Use shdushi when you're talking re talking about soap and water cleaning in'the PRC Cand gio gtngité "to (soap and water) clean” in Taiwan]. ‘Ta boxiang ydu bannién méi shSushi wizi le. NY quai yldignr shdushi xfngli, women yo zBu le. wei and fangjian: is seldom used in Taiwan, however. use fangjian rather then wid. fnting: "dining room, chi fan: "to eat," literally "eat food.” rice, meal. shi, "to study" or shud hua Both of these words means For rooms in public places, like It looks as if he hasn't picked up his place in half a year. Pack your things quickly, ve to leave. want Wixi hotels, "room, chamber." "literally "meal-hall.” Fan is literally, "cooked ‘but in the expression chi fan it refers to food in general or a This is another example of a verb plus general object, like nian (See BIO, Unit 7.) “This verb gh may, of course, be followed ty a specific object such as pingeub, apples," as in: WB ch¥le yige pinggud. I ate an apple. 5hWLF, Unit'4 But if you mean "eat" in the. sense of "to eat food" or “to have a meal," then you should use the general object fan: WY chi fn le meiyou? Have you eaten? (Have you eaten a meal?) Ta zut ai chT fan. He loves to eat most of all. zu8 fan: "to cook," literally "to make food." This is another verb- general object combination. As with chi fan, the verb alone may be used with more specific objects. ehGténg: "kitchen," literally "kitchen-room, xicBoféng: "bathroom" ‘This is a room for taking a bath, and not necessarily @ room with a toilet. x¥z%o, which is introduced in Part III of this unit, means "to take a bath.” Remember, if you vant to ask where there is a toilet, ask for the c&su3, "toilet;" or use the polite Westernized term, xishSujian, "vashroom." In rural areas, you would ask where the c&sud In Taiwan, modern houses and apartments usuelly have the toilet in ‘the same room as the bathtub. In the PRC, apartment buildings built during the 1950's may have a room with a bathtub in the apartment. Apart- nent buildings built since then usually only include @ toilet and sink in each apartment, and no bathtub. You should usually lower your voice to ask where the bathroom is. Many people even consider it polite to put one's hand in front of the mouth when asking CésuS 28i ndli? Another polite way to ask is WS kéyi yong yixia nimende c8su8 ma? "May I use your toilet?" shiféng: "study," literally "book-room.” wOfGng: "bedroom," literally "sleeping-room." WOféng and wosh? are both used for "bedroom." FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART II A Chinese woman (Fl) has been invited to dinner at the home of an American couple in Taipei. Fli YOu! _WYmen ji@ hn pidoliang, Oh, your house is lovely, so neat shdushide zhén ganjing! and clean! F2: Xiéxie ni, Wemen xian dao Thank you. Let's first go and sit keting zud yixia hé aiin cha. in the living room a while and and drink some tea. 52WLF, Unit 4 Fl: Ho. F2: WS xfanshéng y8u shi dio Téizhdng qi le. Jintian winshang Ji shi wSmen 1ingge rén chi fin. Fl: N& wWmen yfq¥ 2ud f8n, nfo bu ho? Fe: BG yong le. Chéréng hEn xii WS yjing b& winfin dou yilbeihiio le. My husband has gone to T': Fine. ichung on business. This evening it will be just the two of us eating. Well then, let's cook together, all right? There's no need to. The kitchen is small. I've already prepared dinner. Fl: 0, zh8ige féngzi n¥oxiaing hén 43, Wfmen ySu J¥jidn voshi? Oh, this house seems to be quite large. How many bedrooms do you have? Fe: Zhdige féngzi bi tdi a8. Wemen ySu 1i%ngjin wosht. 284 ke- ting ySubian. Kéting zudbian ySu yige shiféng. Pingchéng women d5u 28i shiféng kan @iansht. WO d8i ni kankan, 2Bnmeyang? ‘This house isn't very large. We have two bedrooms. They are to the right of the living room. To the left of the living room there's a study, We usually watch television in the study. Would you like me to show you? Fl: HEn nio. Sure. F2: Ho, wmen d&o fEnting qu cht tin ba. Okay, let's go to the dining room and eat. Fl: Hfojfie. Great. NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE WS_xians! Su_sht dio Téizhdng qu le: “My husband has gone to T'aichung on business." More literally, "My husband had some business and went to Taichung." SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART II An American man (M) is talking with e Chinese women (F) in BEijing. Wyde Jia 2di MBiguo shénme aifangr? Where is your home in America? 53Zi Hudshéngain. NY ySu féngzi ma? Women ySu yige féngzi. NY 18i BEijing, féngzi 2Enme ban? In Washington. Do you have @ house? Yes, we do. When you came to BEijing, vhat id you do with the house? M: Wémen DE féngei afichugu le. We rented it out. Fr Wimende féngzi a& bu da? Is your house large? M: Bu hn a8, y& ba-n&n xivo. It's not very large and it's not Léuxia ySu k’ting, fanting, very small, Downstairs there's shiiféng, gn chiiféng. Léu- the living room, the dining room, shang yOu snjian wosht the study, and the kitchen. gén 1ikngJian xX2Koréng. Upstairs there are three bed- Fooms and two bathrooms. F: Ou, y8u zhéme dud féngjian. Oh, there are so many rooms. It Gio wéishéngde shfhour hn must be troublesome when you do néfen be. the cleaning. M: BG t&i méfen. Héizimen adu It's not too troublesome. The @& le. Tiimen y8 gio w8ishéng. children are all grown up. They do the cleaning, too. F: MY xthuan bu x¥huen n¥ xianzai Do you like the apartment building zhide gongyi? where you're living now? M: Mémahihd. 2h8rde gSngyd h&i So-so. The apartment buildings xéyi. here aren't too bad. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE n8i kéyi: Literally "still okay," this ‘phrase actually means “isn't too bad." shWF, Unit & PART IIT a. 32. 33. 3h. 35. 36. 31. REFERENCE LIST Héizi xIngle yIndu ji&o tamen x¥ 11%. Wanshang shut Ji&o yfqian Jiao tamen shud = Yao. XYle 1ikn g¥i tamen hé niGn¥i. BE hdizi gEi wo, w3 b&oyibao. Wang Kyf, héizimen cht fan yihOu d8i shu wigido, RE shut shoh¥o le méiyour Gu3 mitdde shfhou y8o xikoxIn. yagao shishu After the children wake up, have ‘them wash their faces. Before they go to sleep at night, have them brush their teeth and take a bath. When they've washed their faces, give them some milk to drink. Give the baby to me, I'11 hold him. Auntie Wang, after they've eaten, the children have to take a noon- time nap. Have you heated up the hot water? Be careful when crossing the street. toothpaste unele REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART IIT avakened" in Chinese. prepositions: ‘Ta xIngle méiyou? TE héi méi xing. "to wake up" This is a process verb. from sleep or unconsciousness to waking or consciousness: to become conscious, to become sober." you will see the marker le; in negative this is not a state verb). bing ("to get sick,” not "to be sick"), thinking in English of Some of the "He IS NOT awake, It describes the change "to become awake, In completed affirmative sentences, sentences you vill see méi (not bi-~ quirks you faced with a verb like you also face here. When you ere "you should think "He HAS NOT Did he wake up? OR Is he awake yet? He is not awake yet. ‘to ask, to order, to tell (someone to do something)" This is a ‘1 verb, which means that it and its object precede the verb.WLF, Unit 4 Flgin Jido héizimen hufiei. The father told the children to come back. NY Jido ta gudlai. Ask him to come over. shut_jido: "to sleep, to go to bed” TE badin zhéng Ji2 shut Jido le. He went to ded at eight o'clock (aireaay). NY j¥ai%n zhéng shut Jido? What time do you go to bea? 1H m¥itian shuf bage zhongtéu. He sleeps eight hours a night. NY shutde h¥o bu Ako? Dia you sleep well? NY shuth¥ole ma? Dia you sleep well? OR Have you finished sleeping? shud yé: "to brush teeth" Besides brushing teeth, you can shud yifu, “prush clothes," and shud xié, "brush (off) shoes." Do not use shud for use for brushing hair, however [see shi téu "to comb of brush one's heir, WLF, Unit 3). (The noun for a “brush” is shudzi.J Literally, "cow-milk," and used only to refer to cow's milk. The vord ni ty itself does not specify the kind of milk. bdo: "to embrace, to hug" people, or "to hold in one's arms" a child, Package, etc. TAi, dba gi ni dobao. cone, papa will hold you. (said to child as he is handed from mother to father) Tyi: “auntie” This is a term of address used by children for friends of the family, not blood relatives. shui _wiijido: "to take an afternoon nap," literally, "sleep noon-nap." The wijiao, @ nap after lunch, is very popular in China. Many institutions, factories, and schools give time off every day for this purpose. "to heat, to cook" (Another meaning is "to burn.") Since the verb shao by itself means to put heat to something, e resultative ending is needed when you want to indicate “boiling” or “heated up.” WS qi shio ailinr shut. I'11 go put some water on (the stove). RB shut shdoh¥o le. ‘The hot water has been heated up. Shut yijing shiokdi le. ‘The water is already boiling. 56WLF, Unit 4 nl: streets. people can go. “paved road." This is the word usually used for paved city ME} is literally "horse-road," that is, a road on which horses and A theory has also been advanced that the mi is a transliter- ation of the first syllable of “nacadan" (a road made with layers of rolled broken stones, with a tar or asphalt base), xifoxin: £, xi¥oxin didnr! shiishu: "uncle" older male friends of the family. "to be careful," literally "small-heart." Hey, be a little more careful! This is e term of affection used by children for FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART IIT A Canadian woman (A) is talking to her new maid (C) in Beijing. a8i shud yé, rénhdu 228i shut wijido. Pfngehéng tamen shut yililingge zhongtéu. Xingle yihou gi tamen x¥ 1i%n, 28i i timen chigu wénrvenr. Cc: Bo. A: Xiawu stwliditin chong g&i tamen h nifindi. Cz Téimen wEnshng y&o chi shénme? WS yijing zudhio le. Dou zai zh@r. Wnshang shut Jiao yiqian jido tamen shua y4, x¥zio. Waizimen yitian yao shud sanct ya. Wang Ayf, héizimen chi f&n yfhdu Auntie Wéng, after lunch the chila- ren have to brush their teeth end ‘then take their naps. Usually they sleep an hour or two. After they wake up, wash their faces for ‘them, and then take them out to play. Okay. At four or five in the afternoon, give them some milk to arink. What will they eat in the evening? I've prepared it already. It's all here. At night before they go to ‘bed, have them brush their teeth and take a bath. ‘The children are supposed to brush their teeth three times a day. C: Ho. SECOND DIALOGUE FOR FART IIT In Taipei on @ Sundey afternoon, a young mother (Hutmfn) and father (Tingsng) are at home: M: Huimin, wS xiling h8 dilin ché, n¥ yao bu yao? FuimYn, I want some tea, do you?WLF, Unit 4 Yao, dinshi ré shuY méiyou le. Yes, but there's no more hot water. WS qi shio. I*11 go put some on. M: BG ydo, bG yo, wS 2fj¥ qi. Wo, no, I'll go myself. Ho, wS qi kankan Xiko Bao Okay, I'll go check if Xitlo Bio (the xing le méiyou. baby) is up yet. (They both leave the room. Later when Huimin (the wife) returns, Tingséng is sitting on the sofa.) Ting,” Xixo Bio xfngle. NY béo Ting, Xi8o Bo is up. You hold him yixid, WS qi bE nitindi for a minute. I'm going to go ndnghio. get his (cow's) milk ready. (To the baby) Léi, rang baba Here, let daddy hold you. ‘baobao. (Huimin comes in with a bottle and hands it to Tingsdng.) NX kan, shut wiijido yIndu, t@ Look, he's so hungry after his nap. zhén &." Shi, t& mBicl dou shi zhdiyang. Yes, he's like this every time. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE "ting" is the wife's affectionate abbreviation of her husband's name, Tingsdng. "8: "to be hungry” 58WLF, Unit & che. cht fan chtiféng ai ai kai féngjian fanting fini eo gko wBishing gone eSngyllou nYoxiaing ne Jian Ji juin kSting wBuddi ima liyingai Lyingt néfan nla méi shi (1e) niGnts pingchéng Unit 4, Vocabulary 59 auntie to hold, to embrace tea to eat kitchen to bring, to take with one to lead, to take to open room dining room women to do, to engage in to do cleaning apartment building; apartment apertment building to seem (to be), to appear that to drink (counter for rooms) to tell/ask (someone to do something) reel (of recording tape); to curl, to roll up Living room Pocket face (of a person) recording tape ‘tape recorder to be troublesome, to be a bother; bother, trouble street, avenue (paved) everything is all right (now); there is no (further) business (cow's) milk usually, generally, ordinarilyWLF, Unit shio shoh¥ole shénbo shénbaodan shOushi shBushi (shdusht) shud, shui ya shifang shut shut Jido shut wijido shishu wofing wosht wizd xddngzi xidobEnzi xikoxin xing xizio xizkofing ya visio yinjtng(r) yabei ylbeihto le zhaoxiangst zhIpio zhipiaov&n ziichiiqu zud fan to heat; to cook to have heated up; to have finished cooking to declare, to report customs declaration (form) to tidy up Jewelry to brush to brush one's teeth study (room) water to sleep to teke a noontime nap uncle bedroom bedroom room suitcase, box small notebook to be careful, to take care ‘to wake up to take a bath ‘bathroom tooth, teeth ‘toothpaste glasses (spectacles) to prepare to have prepared camera check (as in personal check) checkbook to rent out to cook 60WL, Unit 5 Personal Welfare Module, Unit 5 Minor Physical Complaints PART I REFERENCE LIST NY nf ba shiifu a? B: WS téu téng, héulong y8 ySu dinr téng. 2. W3 xidng n¥ ginmio le. 3. W8 xing wS bd fEshBo 4, NY gut h¥o chf aiinr zhéige yao ba. 5. Zuétian wS gh kin adifu le. B: MY kin shénne? A: WS késou. 6. NE alo nBige yiyuan a0 kin bing? 7. Lif Daifu shi n8iké yisnés hdishi wAike yicheng? 8. tng asipflin Where do you feel bad? I have a headache and my throat is a little sore. I think you've caught @ cold. I don't think I have a fever. You'd better take some of this medicine. Yesterday I went to see a doctor. What did you want treated? T have a cough. Which hospital are you going to to see a doctor? Is Dr. Lid a physician or a surgeon? to hurt (another pronunciation for téng) aspirin REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I téng:' "to hurt, to ache" When you use a topic-comment pattern. Chinese is literally "As for me, the talking about body aches end pains, For example "I have a headache," in head hurts": WS téu As for me, head 62 meaning "severe."3 WS gnmdo le. WYde ginmdo hilo ylditin le ma? fishéo: "to have a fever used a5 a state or a process: STATE WB fEshfo. WB bi fashao. WS ySu dikn fashdo. PROCESS WS fAshBo le. WS méi f8shdo. WS fash ythdu Jiu ba xitng chi déngxi le. "to catch a cold; a cold” (To say "to have a bad cold,” use g&nmfo hn 1thai, 1ihai ‘This may be used either as a verb I've caught a cold. Is your cold a little better now? " literally, "develop-fever” This may be T have a fever. I don't have a fever. I'ma little feverish. I have a fever (more literally, "I have developed a fever"). I don't have a fever (more literally, "I haven't developed a fever"). After the fever came on, I didn't feel like eating anything. chi ditn chBige y&o: "take some of this medecine," literally, "eat medicine,” is the way to say, "to take medicine.” Of course, for liquid medicines you could also say h8, "to drink," but one still usually says chi. kan d&ifu WS a8i gi kan ddifu. "to see a doctor" Also kan yishéng. T have to go see a doctor. Ni kin shénme?: In another context, this could mean "What are you Tooking at?" Here, however, kan is used in the sense of "to have (a medical complaint) treated” or "diagnosed" by a doctor. NY qi kan gino le ma? Wae hGulong bo tAi shifu, ai ai kankan. ZhBige bing dBi alo a8 yiyuan ai kan. késou: "to cough” Did you go have that cold of yours treated? My throat doesn't feel too well; I'11 have to go get it treated. For this illness you have to go to a large hospital to get it treated.WLF, Unit 5 n&iké: (1) “department of internal medicine” (of a hospital), or (2) “internal medicine” (as a field). N8i means "internal" and kg means either (1) "department, section” or (2) “branch (of @ study).” yishéng: "doctor," literally, "heel-er." In Béijing, d&ifu is the more conversational word end yishéng the more formal. In Taiwan, however, adifu is not used much. ndiké yishéng: "physician" wAiké: (1) "department of surgery" (of a hospital), or (2) "surgery," (the branch of medicine), w3iké yishéng: "surgeon" tong: "to hurt, to ache,” another pronunciation for téng. sipiifn: "aspirin" Also pronounced asipYifn, Asipfiing, asTp¥iing. FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART I Aman from Shangh¥i (A) is visiting his classmate (B) in BéijIng. NY shud "tu tOng" héishi "téu Do you say téu ting ("to have a ‘téng"? headache") or téu téng? BEijIng rén au shud "t6u téng," People from BEijing all say téu w8 xidng "tong" shi n¥men téng. I think tong is what fe Shangh&i rén shudde. ZEnme? Said by you people from Shinghks. DY xiGnz8i tou téng a? Why? Do you have a headache now? Ng, wS ySu diknr t6u téng. A little. Br Sht ma? MY néi yu nr ba Do you? Where else do you feel shift? bad? Héulong y® yOu ditnr téng, h¥n My throat hurts a little, too, I xing chT ditnr 1Engde déng- really feel like having something xi, WS yfding shi g%nn’o le. cold to eat. I must have caught a cola. Bi FE sho ma? Do you have a fever? D&gAi ba f% sho, v5 méi juéde Probably not, I don't feel hot re. (OR haven't felt not). 63WLF, Unit 5 Jintian xidwu w5men v4 qd gongyudnr le, nX 281 Ji8 xiii xiuxi be. W8 xian2i ad gi ni mMi aitnr ylo, mingtidn zi d2i ni gi kan adifu. A: Ho ba! This afternoon let's not go to the perk. You rest a little at home. Right now 1'11 go buy you sone medicine, and tomorrow I'll take you to see the doctor. Okay! SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART T In BEijing, a parent drops in on a neighbor to talk about his daughter's illness NY 2h¥o wo ySu shénme shir a? Xi Hué gnmBole, késoule yige xingal le, jintian fashao fa nEn go, héulong y& n€n téng. NY d&i ta qi k&nguo le ma? Kanguo le. TA chfle hn dud yao, kEshi héi méiyou nfo. A: N& wS gi zh¥o w5 yige zi B&ijing Yiyulin gongzudde péngyou, ta shi wAik® yishng. B: WRIkE yishEng! %i%0 Hud Késou, fEchio, zEnme qi kan wRike? A: Ou, wide ytsi shi ging wae ndige péngyou @€i Kiko Hud 28i nBiké ylyu yige shfjian. TE ySu nEn dud nBikéde péngyou. B: H¥o, n& jiu t8i méfan nfn le, Zh8i méiyou shénme. Jintian ring Xifo Hud dud xidxi xiuxi. Dagai mingtian jiu kéyi atng daifu ci ta kan le. Are you looking for me for something in particular? Xito Hud caught a cold and has been coughing for a week, Today she has @ very high temperature and her throat hurts a lot. Have you taken her to have it treated? Yes. She's taken a lot of medicine, ‘but she still hasn't gotten better. Then I'11 go look up a friend of mine who works at the BEijing Hospital. He's @ surgeon. A surgeon! Xiio Hud is (Just) coughing and has a fever. Why go to see the surgery department? Oh, I mean I'1) ask that friend to make Xizo Hud an appointment in the department of internal medi- He has a lot of friends in the department of internal medecine. All right, then I'11 trouble you to do that. (OR I'm putting you to too much trouble.) This is nothing. Today have Xito Hud get a lot of rest. Tomorrow I cen probably ask a doctor to treat it for her. 64WLF, Unit 5 NOTES AFTER THE DIALOGUE ring: "to let, to allow, to have (someone do something)" This is @ prepositional verb which you will see more of in Unit 6. 2+.du5_xifii xiuxi: "rest a lot" The adjectival verb "to be many, to be much, to be a lot" is used here as an adverb modifying e verb "to rest", xifixi, As an adverb, dud may mean "a lot," "more," or "too much, depending on the context. In dud xifixi xiuxi it obviously means "a lot" or "more. Yih3u, w3 yao dud xiang nin From now on, I shall learn from xuéxi. you more. Dud shud y8 bi hilo, sh¥o shud It isn't good to say too much, nor yé bi Rio, is it good to say too little. Lyra yihdu xing chuf yixie b8i If you want to have your back pounded shi bu shi yo dud g8i qién? after a haircut, do you have to pay extra? Some students get into the bad habit of alvays translating dud as "nore." Remember that the adverb dud can also mean either "a lot" or "too much.” Thus, if someone invites you to dinner, even before you have started to eat, the host may say to you Dud chi yidinr! Since you haven't yet touched the food this sentence cannot mean, "Have some more"; it simply means "Eat amply. We might sey in English, "Have as much es you like,” or "Help yourself.” Here are some more examples showing dud does not always mean “more.” ZnBizhbng pinggud zénme pifnyi These apples are this inexpensive? a? Wa wmen Jiu dud mi In that case, let's get a vhole dior ba! bunch of them! Dud ldile yige rén. One person too many came. TA dud g¥ile shfkuli qién. He gave ten dollars too much. Dus m¥i jYbEnr. Buy a few extra volumes. Contrast Dud 1éile yfge rén, "One person too many came," with Yu 1éile yfge rén, "One more person cane. 65WLF, Unit 5 PART II REFERENCE LIST 2. WS aizi nén bd shdtu. My belly Clover ebdonen] feels bad. B: MY xi8 di ma? Do you have diarrhea? 11. WS téu yin, xing +0, I'm dizzy and nauseous. 2. WY t¥wén shi dudsh¥o? What's your temperature? S@nshibadi. Thirty-eight degrees. 13. WS ySu weibing. T have stomach trouble. Us, WS ySu dime a&bian vl tong. I'm a little constipated. 15. Qing ni ting 281 2hér. Please lie down here. 16. Qing ni bE shingyi tud le. Please undress down to the waist. (Please take off your upper clothing.) 11. Riydut ouch! 18. Qing ni g8i wo KEi ge ydofing. Please write a prescription for me. 19. WS t&itei shéng bing shEngde My wife is seriously ill. nn 1thei. 20. 18 dadzi to have diarrhea 21, xi¥obian to urinate; urination REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART IT dizi: "belly, lower abdomen" This has often been translated as “stomach,” but actually when someone says WS dizi téng or WO dizi bu shiifu, they are most often referring to lower abdominal or intestinal pains. Nevertheless, you may sometimes want to translate it as "stomach," in the looser sense of "belly," for example: NBige rénde dlei hEn aa. ‘That man has a big stomach/belly. WS atzi 2 le. I'm hungry. (Literally, "My stomach is hungry.”) A colloquial expression for "to be pregnant” is dizi 4@ le, literally, ‘the abdomen has become big," or da dizi le. 66WLF, Unit 5 "to have diarrhea" There are several expressions for “diarrhea” in Chinese; xi8 a is a good choice to use when talking to your doctor, since it is neither too informal not too technical. (See also 1a dizi, below.) win: "to be dizzy" Often used after téu, "head": t6u yin. Pronounced with the Failing tone, yin, this vord is used in the expressions yin ch8, "to be carsick/treinsick," yan chuén, "to be seasick,” and yin féiji, "to be airsick.” WS kan shi kande téu dou yin I've been reading so much that le! I'm dizzy! (In this sentence, d5u doesn't mean "all," but “even, to such an extent that." This type of du is always used with le at the end of the sentence.) 2: "to vomit" Xikng ti, literally "to feel like vomiting," means "to feel nauseous.” tiwén: "body temperature" Only used for the temperature of a body. CThe general word for "temperature" is wend, which is presented in Part 3 of this unit.) (i¥wénbido is a medical thermometer.] di: "degree" This noun does not take a counter. waibing: "stomach trouble; gastric disease," literally, "stomach illness." SBbian bi tong: "to be constipated” Dabian (literally "major-convenience) means "to have @ bowel movement" or “feces.” (Xixobian, "ninor-convenience, means "to urinate" or “urine.") Bi téng means "doesn't go through, is blocked up. ting: "to lie, to recline” Notice thet the 28i phrase goes after the verb ting in the sentence Qing ni ting zi chér. This is because the 281 phrase shows the result of the verd ting: you end up being here (zai zhSr) as a result of the action of lying (tng). TEngxia or ting xiai&i means "to lie down." In some of the following sentences, notice that ting corresponds to “be in bed." ‘8 ginmfo le, tingle yttian. He got a cold and stayed in bed for a dey (OR and has been in bed all day today). ‘Ta xYhuan t&ngzhe kan shi. He likes to read lying down. Yijing D&di%in zhéngle, n¥ néi It's eight o'clock already, and ‘tingzhe ne! you're still in bea! Tingxialei xidxi yinufr ba. Lie down and rest for a while. shangyi: "upper germents" CAlso sometimes means "coat." 6rWLF, Unit 5 tud: "to take off" (clothes, shoes) ‘This is the opposite of chuin, “to put on." Kudi bi d@yl tudxielei. Come on and take off your coat.” TS zhng tudzhe yifu, jinlai Right when he was taking off yige rén. his clothes, someone cane in. Qing ni tudle xié zi jingu. Please remot going in. your shoes before “This is said by the host to a guest when he arrives. You might have thought that the use of the word kuai, usually translated as "hurry up and. . ." sounds impatient and impolite. Actually, it is the exact oppo- site. Here, kui indicates the host's concern that the guest, although vanting to take his coat off, would be too polite to do so imediately. “*In Taiwan, most households have kept the Japanese custom of removing shoes before entering the living areas. (Guests, though, are not in every case expected to take off their shoes, especially for short visits during ary veather.) KGi: You have seen ki meaning "to open, " Here it means "to write out” a prescription, list, receipt, check, etc. shéng ving: "to get sick" happen. Tinnién chintian shéng bingde rén hn aud, TS shéng bing shéngle litngge xingal le, héi méi nko. NY héi shEngzhe bing ne, zEnme kéyi chiiqu?! ‘TG sh8ngde shi shénme bing? 1“ improper, word for xi di. TG 18 dizi 1ade hEn 1%hei. Shéng means literally, "to develop, to ‘Ta shéng bing le means virtually the seme thing as 1a bing Je. Lots of people are getting sick this spring. He has been sick for two weeks now and hasn't recovered yet. You're still sick; how can you go out?! What illness is it that he has? "to have diarrhea," a more colloquial, but not at all He has a bad case of diarrhea.WLF, Unit 5 FIRS? DIALOGUE FOR PART IT Aman in Taipei calls a doctor's office to ask what he should do for his wife's illness. wei. B: Wéi, q¥ngvén Zhang Yishéng zi bu zai? Zhang Yishéng xianz@i 28 kan bing. Qingwan nf ySu shi ma? WS tditai shéng bing le, bingde nfm 1fhei. TA céng zuétian k@ishY téu yin, fashdo. Zuétian tingle yitian, Jintian 2foshing n&i fashio, dizi y¥ hén ba shifu, héi ti. A: TS xi8 al mat idle jYet. A: TAde tYvén shi dudsh¥o? B: N, sdnshipaad wil. A: NY g&i t& chT shénme y&o le ma? Br TA pi néng chf yao, méici chile dngxi {id ta. A: MA of m&shing b& ta sng dao zhéli 1a. B: H¥o, Wémen m&shang ji8 161. Hello. Hello, is Dr. Zhiing there, please? Dr. Zhang is seeing patients now. What can I do for you? My wife is very sick. Yesterday she ‘began to be dizzy and to run a fever. Yesterday she stayed in bed all day, but this morning she still had a fever, and she has abdominal pains, and she's even vomiting. Does she have diarrhea? She's had it a few times. What's her temperature? Uh, 38.5 degrees. Have you given her any medicines? She can't take medicines, every time she takes any food or drink she vomits. In that case bring her here right away. All right. away. We'll be there right 69WLF, Unit.5 SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART. IT In B&ijing, a young man (A) visits a clinic. BrbWiviisnfnao! Shi WS. Qing jin. WY c&nme bi shifu a? WS t6u yin, xing td, 2foshang Ww kiishY dllei téng. Ou. xi8 dizi ma? BG xi8, h6i y8u dior dapian vd tng. fig? Qing nin bi shangyt tudle, ‘ting 28i zhér, wS tingting. Zhér téng ma? BA téng. zh’r ne? Kiydu! ahr bén téng. NY céngaién y8u waibing ba? Xikode shfhou yOu, késhi hén dud nign méiyou téngguo le. Zub- ‘tian winsheng you kishY bi shiifu le, Y81i shut Jiao yé shutde bd n¥o, xIngle h¥o jYct. Ho, wS gi ni kAi ge y&ofang. Chile yao, xifixi xiuxi, yaoshi ‘bi ho, xiage xInggl z@i 146i kanken. Ho, xi8xie ni! ‘Two hundrea fifty! That's me. Please come in. What's the matter with you? I'm dizzy, nauseaous, and since this morning ny “stomach” has been upset. Oh. Any diarrhea? Wo, I'm even a bit constipated. Oh? Undress down to. the waist, please, lie down here, and I'11 have a listen. Does it hurt here? No. How about here? Ouch! It hurts there! Have you ever had stomach trouble before? When I was a child I did, but I haven't had any pain for many years. Last night it began to feel bad again. During the night I slept very poorly, too. I woke up several times. All right. I'll write you a pre- scription. After you take the medicine, get some rest, and if it doesn't get better, come and see me again next week. Okay, thank you. 70WF, Unit 5 PART ITI 22. 23. 2h. 25. 26. at 28. 29. REFERENCE LIST A: MY 1iéngguo ttwén le meiyou? B: Liénggud le, wéndd bd gio, sinshigial dud yidiin. NY y&o dud xidixi xifixi, dud né kBishuf. WO gBi ni liéng yixia xuBya. WS xuBya pao. NY xing bu xiling zhfo zhénjii @ifu g&i ni kankan? lifoc{ngxing g%nmio KEi aio at Have you taken your temperature? Yes. My temperature isn't high, @ little over 37 degrees. You need to rest a lot and drink @ lot of (boiled) water. I'm going to take your blood pressure. I have high blood pressure. Do you want to see an acupuncturist? influenza, flu ‘to operate; to be operated on to be low measurements for clothing. REFERENCE NOTES ON PART III “to measure” lifng: You first saw this verb in the context of taking Here you see it used for taking temperatures. Tt can also be used for measuring a piece of land or the dimensions of a room. sentences above, but they should be distinguished. temperature” and thus is used when talking about taking human temperature: tYwEn and wéndd: Both of these are translated as "temperature" in the TYwén is literally "body WEndii is literally "temperature degree" and is generally used in measuring heat or cold. NY wizilide wéndd shi dudshio? What's the temperature in your room? (There is enother word givén, literally "air temperature,” used, for example, used in weather reports. J (98. wéndl bd glo: 6" F) is # Celsius. “the temperature is not high" Each additional degree Celsius is 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit. Normal body temperatureWLF, Unit 5 kGishut: "boiled water" This is water that has been boiled, but is not necessarily hot. Often kdishuY is served as a hot beverage, however. ‘The Chinese commonly believe that ice cold beverages are not good. xu8yA: "blood pressure," literally "blood pressure." Xu8ya gio is "nigh blood pressure," and xufya af is “low blood pressure." zh@njifi: “acupuncture and moxibustion" Also pronounced zhénjit. Acupuncture is a practice of traditional (but not necessarily orthodox) Chinese medicine where parts of the body are pierced with needles to treat disease or relieve pain. This is based on the idea that the body's energy (gf) forms an integral system which must be maintained for good health. This is done by applying pressure or releasing pressure to restore the Dalance of gt. Moxibustion (traditionally more important than acupuncture) involves the smoldering of herbs on certain body points. In some cases the herbs are placed directly on the skin and lit with a stick of incense; at other times, a slice of ginger is first placed on the skin and the herbs ‘burned on top. WY xifing bu xiling ah¥o zhénjiG d@ifu g&i ni k@nken?: This has been translated on the Reference List as "Do you want to see an acupuncturist?” which is the conversational English equivalent. A translation more revealing of the structure of the question might be: "Do you want to look for an acupuncture doctor to give you treatment?” Lidxtin : "influenza, flu," literelly "epidemic cold." fi Litefng: the verb "to be prevalent, to be popular, to be common." _Xing means “quality, characteristic," and when used as a suffix corresponds to Neesque” in "picturesque," or "-like” in “childlike.” Litxfngxtng is then "having the characteristic of being prevalent,” specifically “epidenic." K@i_d&o: "to operate; to be operated on," literally "to open or operate the knife. 2 ° o a ° Pe DIALOGUE FOR PART IIT In B¥ijing a worker pays a return visit to a health clinic. D: Chile wS g&i nide yao, h&o Are you a little better after having ylaiinr le ma? taken the medicine I gave you? A: H&ishi téu téng, héulong téng, I still have a headache, and I'm not shut Ji shulde hén ba sleeping well et all.’ I often ho, y8li ch€ngchang xing. wake up at night. D: WS kinkan nide héulong. Tet me have a look at your throat. AD OR Abhh. 2WLF, Unit 5 WYde héulong hEn héng. Qing bE shangy? tudle. késou yishéng.* No. NY xian ligngliang tIwen, ranhdu v3 z&i g8i n¥ 1iéng xudyé. . . . Wendd bi gio, snshiqi di. NY céngqién ySu xudya gio ma? Méiyou. D: Jintian n¥de xu8ya ySu ditar géo, dagAi shi zuétian y81i shuide vi nko. A: Yishéng, yfge 1fbai le, zBnme ni méi n¥o? Lidxfngxing giinmio nén bd réngyi hao. WS g&i-nT Kai ge yaofang, 28i cht diknr asipi1in. NY _héi yao dud né difinr kaishuY, dud xifii xiuxi. H¥lo, xiéxie nt. Your throat is very red. Please take off your upper clothes. Cough. Okey. First I'll take your temper- ature, and then I'll take your Dlood pressure. . . . Your temper- ature isn't high, 37 degrees. Have you had high blood pressure before? No. Your blood pressure is @ little high today. It's probably that you @idn't sleep well last night. Doctor, it's been a week. How come I'm still not better? Influenza is really not easy to get rid of. I'll write you a prescrip- tion, and you take some more aspir- in. Also, drink a lot of (boiled) vater, and get a lot of rest. Okay, thank you. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE “késou_yishéng: for utterances. B Literally, “cough one sound." Sheng is the counterWLF, Unit's aabian aabian bi tong aaifu at -a aed fAshio ginmao hOuléng (h6ulong) Xi aBo xi y8offing k@ishut xan bing iGn a8ifu késou 18 ated ligne Ling tiwén Thad Litxingxing ginmo Bike nik’ yIshéng shngyt sheng shéng bing ting téng (tong) twen téu t6u téne +a tus Unit 5, Vocabulary ™ ouch; oh dear aspirin to take (medicine) bowel movement ‘to be constipated doctor to be low degree (e.g., on a thermometer) belly, abdomen, stomach to have a fever to catch cold; a cold throat to operate; to be operated on to write a prescription boiled water to have an illness treated/diagnosed to see a doctor to cough to have diarrhea to measure to take a person's temperature to be severe, to be fierce influenza, flu internal medicine, general medicines department of internal medicine internist, physician upper garment to develop (as in shéng bing) to get sick, to become ill to Le, to recline to hurt, to ache (body) temperature head to have @ headache; headache to vomit to take off (clothing)WLF, Unit 5 wAike waiké yTonng wai vBibing vEnd’ xdling ta xidobian xié di(zi) xubya glo yio yaofng(r) yishéng yiyuan yin zhénJii (zhénJitt) 6 surgical department surgeon stomach stomach trouble, gastric disease ‘temperature to feel nauseous to urinate; urination to have diarrhea ‘blood pressure low blood pressure high blood pressure, hypertension medicine prescription doctor hospital to be dizzy acupuncture and moxibustionWLF, Unit 6 Personal Welfare Module, Uni 6 Accidents and Difficulties PART I 9 10. REFERENCE LIST ZBogio! aid ie. WS xilng n¥ dBi dao Jngcnéj6 qi zh¥o jingen4 tényiten. Tingeh& jG yOu fanyt ma? "Waishi” ji0 shi w@iguo rénde shiging. WS bE JiashY zhfen8o aid le. Jintian 2¥oshang wS efi did le. iain WO xiwiing néng kudi ylaitnr ling yige xinde. Yaoburén bd néng kai ch’, ba ‘fangbian. NY qi zhfo xiang. Gong" anja waisht jingehé ZEnme ban? Wode hizhBo Oh, no! What am I going to do? I've lost my passport. I think you should go to the police station and find a policeman to talk it over with. Are there interpreters at the police station? "Waihi" means matters having to do with foreigners. I've lost my driver's license. I didn't discover I'd lost it until this morning. I hope I can get a new one quickly. Otherwise it will be inconvenient not being able to drive. Go and have your picture taken. Bureau of Public Security foreign affairs policeman "rotten-cake. REFERENCE NOTES ON PART I ogéo: equivalent to "Oh no!": Qdogio! WS wangle dai f8iji- pido le! 00 bad, oh darn, how terrible, what a mess," literally, This is used as an exclamation of dismay. It is often Oh, no! I forgot to bring the plane tickets! 76As an adjectival verb, zfogio means "to be in @ mess, to be in a bad state,” as in Warde qfngxing hEn 2&ogio. ‘The situation there is a mess. ZnBib—n shi xi&de zhén ziogio. ‘This book is terribly written. hn 2dogao. He's in a very bad way. Yoshi zh8ige bingrén 1éide 28i ‘If this patient had come any leter win yldilinr Jil 2ogéo le. than he did, he vould have been in a real mess (in big trouble). did: "to lose" You can analyze the sentence Wéde hiizhlo did le this way: Wade hizhio aid te. As for my passport (it has been) lost. In some areas of China (including Taiwan) you would hear the word di&o instead of did: W5de hiizhdo dio le ffnyi: "to translate, to interpret; translator, interpreter" Also pronounced f@nyi (with a neutral-tone yi). shiging: "natter, affair, business, thing." ShYqing refers to abstract things, while dOngxi refers to concrete things. i&sh¥ zhfzndo: “driver's license” Jiash¥ is "to drive (a vehicle).” Znfzhao is a “license, permit. fGxin: "to discover, to find, to find out" WO 281 chér faxianle yige I've discovered a problem here. wenth. Zh8i shi ging faxiande yizhUng «This is a new kind of medicine xdnde y8o. which has just been discovered. The object of fi may also be a clause: WS huflaile yYndu jiu faxian When I came back I discovered that ta yIjing zu le. he had already left. The expression WS faxian . . . can often be translated as "I notice that "or "I find that...” It often prefaces a personel observation, 1WLF, Unit 6 WS faxian hEn dud MEiguo rén I find that many Americans feel Juéde yu héizi nn méfan. that it's ‘a lot of trouble to have children. WO faxian n¥ nBn xYhuen xinde I notice (or, "I get the impression” dSngxi. that you like new things very much As a noun, faxian means "discovery": Th8i shi ySge hEn zhdngyfode This is a very important discovery. ‘faxian. ei: “then and only then, not until” This adverb should be used when an event happens relatively late: "not until this morning.” Céi is the opposite of Jil, the vord for "then" when something happens sooner or earlie: When a sentence using c&i describes a completed action, the verb will hardly ever take the ending -le; notice that faxian in sentence 6 cannot have -le. Here is another example: Ta zubtian c&i glosu wo. He didn't tell me until yesterday. kudi yiditnr: "a little more quickly," or as in No. 7, "soon." Kua yiditnr gives the impression of being even sooner than 2¥o yidiinr. Both mean "soon." Ling: "to receive, to get, to pick up, to collect” something that is issued or given (a prize, salary, materials, passport, etc.) Yaoburdn: "otherwise," literally "if-not-thus." Like kEshi "out" and dinshi "but, hovever," yaoburdn always comes at the front of the clause in vhich it occurs. WS a8i shang 2u, yaoburén I have to go right away, otherwise vO ji0 wan le. I'l be late. WO 481 ud f8ijT qi, ydoburén I have to take a plane, otherwise Jit tdi man le. it'll be too slow. zndo xiang: "to take a picture," literally, "illuminate-image." You already learned zhdoxiangj, "camera," in WLF Unit 4, Part I. The counter for xiang "pictures” is -zhang (the same one as. for tables, sheets of paper and other flat things). Zhao j¥zhing xiang thus means "to teke a few pic- tures." (When NOT using the word xiling as the object of zhio, hovever, you should use zhfopian or xiangpian for "photograph.”) 8WLF, Unit 6 Like many verb-object expressions, zhdo xiang has the potential ambi- guity of meaning either "to (verb) an (object)" or "to have an (object) (verb)-ea"; "to take a picture" or "to have one's picture taken." You sav this with several verb-object expressions in Unit jitn toute to cut hair to have one's hair cut xf téu to give o shampoo to get a shampoo gud hizi to shave to have a shave ca pixié to shine shoes to have one's shoes shined tang téufa to give a permanent to get a permanent juin téufa to curl hair to have one's hair curled zh&o xiang to take a picture to have one's picture taken For example, in the case of zhlo xiang, a photographer might say WS ad zh@o xiang, "I am going to take pictures"; but a person going to a photo- @repher's studio might say the same sentence, WS qi cho xiang, meaning "I en going to have my picture taken." ‘The fact that such sentences may mean either of two things rarely causes any misunderstandings in practice. The context almost always makes it per- fectly clear which meaning is intended. With these verb-object expressions, if you want to specify the person on whom the action is performed, you have to use a g&i phrase (you can't make the person the direct object because the verb already has a direct object). For example, to say "I'm going to take a picture of you," say: WS g&i nf chdo xiang. Likewise: Ta tditai gXi te Jian téufa. His wife cuts his hair. “Although misunderstandings are rare, they are not impossible. Here is a short exchange illustrating how zho xiang might be misunderstood and how the misunderstanding might be cleared up. (For this example you need to know zh3opian, "photograph," and zhfoxiangguin, "photography studio.") A: WS Jjinti@n zho xiang qu le. Today I went to take pictures/ to have my picture taken. Zhao shénme? Zhao féngjing What did you take pictures of? ma? Dia you take pictures of scenery? : BG shI a, Yinw8i w0 ydo Wo. I'm going to get @ passport ing hiizhdo, a8i ySu and need photographs, so T went zh@opian, sudyi WS qi to a photo studio and had them zhBoxianggutin ging tamen take my picture. ei vo zhao xiang. Here "A" meant by his first sentence "Today I went to have my picture taken. ‘wut “BY understood him to mean “Today I went to take pictures.” 9WE, Unit 0 wAisht JYngeh4: "Foret, foreign nationals mn affairs policemen," thi 1 who dent with DIALOGUE, FOR PART T A toreign official in B8ijfng talks with a Chinese colleague. M: NY Jintifin z%nme 14i 28nme win? Fi 2h8n sflopio: M: 28nme le? WO bE JidshT anfzhio di le. WS shi cud chiizii qiché 1dide. M: 7&i nl aida'a? WS ba zhYa8o. Jintifin zHoshang WS cdi faxian dill le. WS zEnne dan? Yio dio j¥ngché Ja ai ma? M: WS wEnyiwn Gong"anjG zBnme gBi ni ling yfge xinde. WS xfwang néng kudi ytaitor. Yaoburdn ba néng kai ché bi fangbian. Na n¥ xidin qi zhdo xiang. WS e€i ni wenven zEnme ban. How come you are so late today? It's Just awful! What happened? I've lost my driver's license. I had to come by taxi. Where did you lose it? I don't know. I didn't discover I'd lost it until this morning. What am I to do? Should I go ‘to the police station? I'll ask the Bureau of Public Security how to get you a new one. I hope it will be soon. Otherwise it will be inconvenient not being able to drive. Well, then, you go and get your picture taken. I'11 ask for you what you should do. NOTES ON THE DIALOGUE 2Bi nr aifa'a?: "Where did you lose it?" ‘The whole sentence would be NY shi z8i nlr di is a contraction of de 80wr, Unit 6 PART IT REFERENCE LIST 12. Mi! Shéi 144 bangbang mfng! Hey! Will someone please come help! 13. TE D&i qichS zhulng le. He was hit by a car. 1s, TH gf mBtuSché qfde t8i Kuli le. He was driving his motorcycle too fast. 15. WSae tu téngs¥ le! My leg is hurting me to death! 16. NY 146 xu8 1e ma? Are you bleeding? 17. Women xian bf t $81 dao 1 Let's first carry him to the side bigurshang qu ba. of the road. 18. Wéde tu¥ déngbulito, d&gii I can't move my leg, the bone is gGtou duan le. probably broken. 19, Ging nt ishing eB yEyuln Please call the hospital aS aianhul., immediately. 20. Bié zhfojf. Don't get upset. 21. WS 28i zh’r kEnzhe ta. I'LL stay here and look after him. 22, -1iang (counter for vehicles) 23, jithdché anbulance REFERENCE NOTES FOR PART IT ‘shi: "someone" The question word shi ino" can also be used to mean "someone. b8i: This is the prepositional verb which indicates the doer of the action, similar to the English “ty” in passive sentences. In sentences with DBI itis the oubject (ta in sentence 12) which received the action and the object of bai (qich2 in sentence 12) which did the action. Wede 2fdifin b8i xuésheng nézBu le. My dictionary was taken ty a student. Ta bi rén as¥ le. He was beaten to death by someone. (dis¥ is literally “hit to death) aWLF, Unit 6 B8i has @ special characteristic other prepositional verbs do not share: it can occur WITHOUT AN OBJECT. Its passive meaning is still evident in the rest of the sentence: Wede xin qiché b&i zhuling le. My new car vas hit. Wde ylisin bi nézdu le. My umbrelle was taken. af: "to ride/arive by straddling" Wnile zud is the verb "to ride" generaliy-and specifically when sitting dom, gf is the verb "to ride” used with horses, motorcycles and bicycles. téngs¥ le: "to hurt a lot," literally "to hurt to death (figuratively speaking! 146 x8: "to bleed, & and xue, literally "to flow blood" Xu& is also pronounced thi: "to 1ift or carry (by two or more persons)” Qing vE zhBige zhudzi téi- Please carry this table in (with me Jinléi. or someone else). Qing bE ch8i 1i%ngjian di xfngli Please carry (with me or someone else) t&ishang ché qu. ‘these two large suitcases onto the train. BK dianshi téixia 16u lei. Bring the television downstairs with me. ding: "to move (either oneself or something else)" Bié adn! Don't move. Xidn vi yo ding ta. Let's not move him just yet. (D8ng can also mean "to touch" something, so Bié ding can also mean "Don't touch it.") bulito: "unable to move" The endings -delito "able" and -buliko “unable” are used with action verbs to show the result of the action. ZBnme dud xingli, wS yige rén -—«‘T can’t carry all this luggage by nébuliko. nyself. TH kai ao bd jit, ni abu It hasn't been long since the bulio 1. operation. She's not yet able to walk. X42 chime dB yl. Xin28i It's raining so hard. We can't aBubulito. leave now, 82WLF, Unit 6 mishang: "immediately, right away," literally "on a horse" GH diannuB: "to make a phone call," literally "to hit electric-speech." To indicate who you are calling, use the prepositional verb g&i "for, to.” NE g¥i sh6i aX aianhud? Who are you calling? Lo Wang ydu g8i ni af dian Lio Wéng called you again. hua le. ‘The noun gianhua by itself can mean either "telephone" or "telephone call.” NY néi méiyou dianhua ma? Are you still without a phone? YOu n¥de dianhud. There's a call for you. Sometimes you can use didmhul vhere English would have “telephone number” Nide ai&nnu& shi dudshao? zhdojf: "to get upset, to get excited with worry, to feel anxious" NY tai chdojf. Wmen zhér You're too anxious/worried. We néiyou shénme want{. don't have any problems here. "to look after (something)" The verb changes tones when it means "to look after somethin, “to look, to see" MY gh XiGngglingde shfhou, shéi Who'll be looking after your house @8i ni kan féngzit ‘when you go to Hong Kong? Shéi g8i ni kin bfizi? Who looks after the children (OR babysits) for you? zzhe: This is the marker of DURATION. It may be added to an action or process verd to indicate that the action lasts for some amount of time. In the sentence W528i ch8r kinzhe ta "I'll stay here and look after him," ‘the speaker is saying that he will do this and CONTINUE it for some time. -Zhe can be used whether the time is past, present or future. 8 c¥i nBibign audzhe, Xifo She was sitting there when Xiko Lan pNojinlei gdosu ta L&n ran in and told her papa aba huflai le. had returned. 83WLF, Unit 6 ‘Ta hAi bingzhe ne. 2udzhe ba. He's still sick. (The -zhe tells you that the illness is lasting for some time. Without -zhe, bing means "get sick,” not "be sick. He tells you this is not a new situation Cabsence of change]. ) Sit for a while. DIALOGUE FOR PART IT A passerby (B) on a street in Béijing is called by the driver of a motor- cycle (A) who has just had an accident with a pedestrian (C). Wei, 14i bangbang méng! ZEnme le? Un8iw8i téngzht b&i wS huang le. B8i nf zhulng le? Zhéiliang métudché shi n¥de? HAL, Dié shud le. WS qfde tai wuai, méi kanjian ta. Ryo, wSde mi yo. . . Aiyo! ‘Téngs¥ vo le. . . . WSde tut Lite zhéme dud xu, zhén zlogéo! Xianzai 2Bnme ban ne? Women xian b% ta t&i dao 18- bidinrshang qu ba! Yo, wode tut dingbulitlo, agai gefitou duin le. WS xing 2uthiio xifn bi yao ding te, v5 zai zhér, n¥ gi aX didnhua Jido 1iang jidhdchs Gi, 2&i af ge didnhua Jiao S¥ngehé 143. Hey, someone quick come help us! Whet happened? This comrade was hit by me. Hit by you? Is this your motor- cycle? (Sigh) Don't even talk about it. Iwas riding too fest, I didn't see hin. Ow, my mother” . . . Ow! It hurts like crazy... . my leg... He's lost so much blood, This is terrible. What should we do now? First, let's carry him to the side of the road. Oh, I can't move my leg. It's probably broken. I think it would be best not to move him for the time being. I'11 stey here. You call for an ambu- lance, and then call for the police ‘to come. He's not calling for his mother; this is @ moan. 8hWLF, Unit 6 B: Hiio, n¥ z&i chér kanzhe ta. WS © Okay, you stay here and watch him. m&shang Jil qi. (to C): T!l go right away. (to C): Don't N€iwei téngzht n¥ pié zhGojf. get upset, comrade. The ambulance D@le dianhua jithiché mishing will be here right after I call. Jil ado. A: Min. . . nfm kuBi gl ba! xixie You. . . you go quickly! Thank you. nfn le! 85wr, unit 6 PART III 2h. 25. 26. at. 28. 29. 30. a. 2. REFERENCE LIST NY méi knJian zh8ige péizi ma? WS méi zndy?. Yth3u n¥ y8o xikoxtn, NYmen bd kéyi 2Ai 2h8li youyBng. Nimen 2€i zh81i yduySng yOu wéixitn. WS vG shi gly? Jinleide. Ring vo kankan n¥ae hizhdo. Zh8li shi jGnsht atgi. Zhanzhu! Didn't you see this sign? I wasn't paying attention. From now on you must be careful. You can't swim here, It's dangerous for you to swim I didn't enter here (the restricted area] on purpose. Let me see your passport. This is a military area here. Halt! REFERENCE NOTES ON PART IIT dizi: NY mide shi shénme p&izide zhdoxiingJt? Nige h6ng péizishang xi8de shi shénne? zhtyt: WS méi chy? t@ shi gér. shéi zBude. Zhiy? diane! ba kéyi: “cannot” "to pay attention to, to Of the three kéyi is the one to use when the "can" granting or withholding permission. “sign, poster, plate,” also "brand name, trademark” What brand of camera did you buy? What is written on that red take novice of” I didn't notice who he left with. Please pay a little more attention auxiliary verts néng, hut and kéyi. or "cannot" is due to somezne 86WLF, Unit 6 yOuyng: "to swim" NY bul bu hut y6uy8ng? WS y6uySng y6ude bi tai hio. wéixiSn: Bi TSiDEi af motudché tai wéixiin le. ‘TA ba pA wéixidin, t& shénme a5u "to be dangerous, to be perilous" Also pronounced wai: Can you swim? I don't swim too well. It's too dangerous to ride a motorcyle in Taipei. He's not afraid of danger. He'll yao zud. do anything. gyi: “intentionally, willfully, on purpose” Ta giyl be néixié shi did le. Dutbual, v5 bG shi gly! (2ud)de. rang: "to let, to allow, to cause (someone to do something)." She lost those books on purpose. I'm sorry, I didn't do it on purpose. This is a prepositional verb, i.e. rang and its object both precede the main verb. Ta bG rang w3 2du. w zénme kéyi rang ta zénme wi gioxtng? She von't let me leave. How could you make her so unhappy! FIRST DIALOGUE FOR PART IIT ‘A Canadian man (M) has Just entered policewoman (F) calls out to him. Fi Hai! Zh@nzhu! M: Shénme shir? NY méi kEnjian zhBige péizi ma? du, autbugt. WS iméi zhiyt. WS vG shi gly? jinleide. Fi W¥ shi n&iguo rén na? WO shi Jian€da rén. 8T an area in BEijing prohibited to foreigners, having failed to notice a sign in English to that effect. A Hey! Halt! What's the matter? Didn't you see this sign? Oh, excuse me. I wasn't paying attention. I didn't enter here intentionally. What's your nationality? I'm Canadian.WLF, Unit’ 6 Rang wo kankan nide hizhao. Let me see your passport. Mn. (The policewoman writes down his name and passport number.) F: M: Yihdu zhiy? aifinr. zucud le. Bié 284 WS zhfdao le. From now on pay more attention. Don't walk into the wrong place again. Now I know. NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE zhidao le: “now I know, for new situations. or "I understand" This is the marker le SECOND DIALOGUE FOR PART IIT ‘An American woman and her two children are swimming along the beach in Taiwan. A soldier calls to them. M: Rif ShAnglai! Nimen shanglai. F: YSu shénme sh a? Wimen bd kéyi 284 2hali yéuyBng. W&ishénne? NY méi k@ndao n8ige péizi ma? Kandao le, dfigud . . . Péizishang shud shénme? DufbuaY, v8 ba hut kan Zhongwen. Zh8Li shi Jinsht atgi. Ba kéyi yéuyng. Winen zi 2hli yéuy8ng ySu wéixifn. Xidet vG yo 28i 161 le. Ho, Maxie ni. Come up here. What's the matter? You can't swim here. Why? Didn't you see that sign? Yes, but... What does it say on the sign? I'm sorry, T can't read Chinese. This is @ military area here. You can't swim. It's dangerous for you to swim here. In the future you shouldn't come here any more. Very well. Thank you. 88WLF, Unit 6 NOTE ON THE DIALOGUE xidct ba y8o 28i 14i le: "in the future don't come here again (any more" In addition to meaning "next time," xiact can mean generally "in the future.” 89WLF, Unit 6 bang ming vat bulitio a8 aianmud aianhud atgi aia ding adngbuliko éuan tiny? fExian CEng" anjh efttou ety? Jidsnt JidsnY anfzndo ‘Jingené Jingeha je. Sathdcns ‘Sinsht kan Liang ing 1iG xu’ (xi8, xué) libian(r) mkshang métudché (mdtudché) paizd af rang Unit 6, Vocabulary 90 to help, to aid, to assist by (indicates the one who carries out the action in a passive sentence) unable to ... (verb ending) to make a phone call, to telephone telephone, telephone call area, region to lose to move unable to nove to sever, to break to interpret, to translate to discover Bureau of Public Security (PRC) bone intentionally, willfully, on purpose Griver, pilot; to drive, to pilot driver's license policeman police station ambulance military to look after, to watch over (counter for vehicles) to collect, to pick up (something which is issued) to bleed side of the road immediately motorcycle sign, poster, plate; brand name, trade mark to ride by straddling ‘to let, to allow, to cause someone to do somethingWLF, Unit 6 shéi shiging ~stle thi téngst le tal waisht waigué wéixiin (weixitn) yloburén yéuydng zlogio zhioJt zhao xiang -2he huang zhiy? (zhiyi) 92 someone matter, affair, business, thing like crazy, to death (state verb ending) to carry (by two or more people) to hurt like crazy, to hurt to death (figuratively) leg foreign affairs foreign country ‘to be dangerous, to be perilous, danger othervise, or else to swim oh no! how awful! how terrible! what a mess!; to be awful to get upset, to be anxious, to ve worried to take a picture marker of duration for actions and states to bump into, to run into, to collide vith to pay attention, to take noticeWLF, Appendices abdomen ankle appendix arm back blood plood vessel bone brain breast buttocks cheek chest chin elbow eye eyeball eyebrow face finger fingernail foot guns hand head. heart heel. intestines Joint kidney knee leg lip liver lung, Appendix 1: Parts of the Body” fa(ba) Jikowanzi Lénw8t gebei, gébo, shBubt bai xi8, mu, aud xuguin(r) gatou, atitou nko(zi) rifting, ni, rit pteti mianjié, séi xiéngbi, xidngténg xidba %rauo aabei zhdu(r) yanjing yknzhiizi (colloquial), y&nqit méimao 1ikn sh8uzhftou, shuzhYtou zhijia, zh¥jid ido yéchufing shBu +éu xinzing Jigen chfingzi gulingié sh8n( zing) aigai, xigdi tut zutchtin ginzing fai 9WLF, Appendices mouth mut, Kou muscle jirdu neck véei nerve shénjing nose vie rid 1aigil, 18et shoulder Jianbing skin pitu spine jfliangett stomach wei; dizi (belly) ‘tendon Ji€n, Jin (colloquial) thigh aatul throat hSulong ‘thumb mifzhY toe Jikozhftou, JixozhY tongue shétou tonsils bintdoxian tooth y4, yécht wrist wanzi “Parts of the body may have several terms which differ as to (1) what areas of China they are used in, (2) the degree of formality, and (3) the contexts in which they are used. Here are examples of each kind of difference: (1) "arn" is gébei in the speech of B&ijing, but_shSubt in some other parts of the country; (2) "armpit is gézhiwS in colloquial BEijIng speech but yéwS in formal speech; (3) for "stomach," the medical term is wai; colloquially, it may be called w8i or dizi; and as a food (e.g. pig's stomach) it 1s called dlizi. For this list, words were chosen which you could, for example, use to tell a physician where you have a medical problem. Words which are either very informal or technical have been omitted. It is interesting and important to realize that the Chinese and English languages sometimes differ on how they divide the human body into parts. The hip, for example, is a well-known "part of the body" in English, but the Chinese language has no commonly used word which includes all and only what we call the “nip.” Rather, Chinese has a word for "buttocks" (formally, tGnbl, or in spoken style, ptgu) which includes the buttocks and hips below the hipbone. Another example are the Chinese words xidngkSu and xink¥u, which refer to the center of the chest just below the breastbone, between the lower ribs. (One often feels indigestion there, for instance.) If English has a word for this part of the body, it is not nearly as common as these Chinese words. 93WLF, Appendices Appendix 2: Medical Conditions, Problems, and Illnesses abcess néngzhdng allergic to... dud... gudntn allerey gudninching appendicitis lénw8i; arthritis gudn)iéyén asthma atchuinbing cholera pudiudn cold g&nmio, shangféng, zhdoliing cramp chdujin diabetes téngnidobing flu Lidxinexing ginmio, 1idgin food poisoning shiva chdngad fungus néi hemorrhoids anchuling hepatitis ganyén hernia shan indigestion xidohud bl ligne inflaned fayén inflammation yénzhéng measles néizhin nervous tension shénjing J¥nzhing pneunonia fBiyén rheunatisn fEngsht stroke zhongféng sunburn sh&i tud pf le (skin peeling) shaihéng le (red) Jido tdiyang shdide sunstroke zhngshit tonsillitis pikntdoxianyén ulcer (gastric) weikulyéng ohWLF, Appendices Appendix 3: Furniture and Household Items vingxifing chazud choushu¥ aXting chéutt chugng chuainglién dang déngzi aindéng kAigudn dianhua aianlici aianshan altlin gutzi hOngginji Jingzi 183i; 18sé (Taiwan) 1ajTtBng; 18e8tBng (Taiven) 1ajixiang; l8s8xiding (Teivan) 2Engal jE lGzi sdozhou, sobs shafa shufchfzi shut2éngtéu shijiazi usb’ xfchéngt xibeitai xf1iSnpén xlyIjt xfzdopén yiet yinddu zhudzi 2izhY13u refrigerator (electrical) outlet flush toilet raver bed curtain ight, lamp stool, Light switeh ‘telephone electric stove; electric heater electric fan carpet, rug cabinet dryer mirror garbage garbage pail garbage can air conditioner stove ‘broom sofa kitchen sink faucet, tap bookshelf mop vacuum cleaner desk (bathroom) sink, washstand washing machine bathtub chair iron table vastepaner basket 95WLF, Appendices Appendix 4: Parts of a House vient closet edsud toilet céng floor, story chufingha window chfifng kitchen at floor atbtn wooden floor aixiasht basement féngdtng room féngjian room ranting dining room kating living room 1éutt stairs nén door aiéag wall shiiténg study, library +idnhultia ceiling w8ishéngJian totlet, bathroom voféng bedroom vost dedroon xizkotang bathroom 2buldng corridor, hall 96WLF, Cumulative Vocabulary Ryt iyo nm AsipY1in bing néng So ao ai ~bulifo va ydo oa ch chéng chéng chéngehéng chéosht chéng ch@nshan cht chi fin chYcun (ch¥ciin) chuan enGfang chuf ai chutgan chiintian (chintian) aapian @&bian ba tone a% aiannud ali aai dai aaifu aaa dayt at aianhud ding ataa aia Module Vocabulary auntie ouch massage aspirin to help, to aid, to assist to be thin; to be light (of clothing) to hold, to embrace by (indicates the one who carries out the action in a passive sentence) (verb ending) unable to... don't to rub, to wipe tea to be long often often to be humid city, town shirt, blouse to take (medicine) to eat measurement; size to put on (clothing) kitchen to pound (someone's) back to blow-ary spring ‘dowel movement to be constipated to make a phone call, to telephone to put on, to wear (glasses, gloves, a hat, a watch, Jewelry, etc) to bring, to take with one to lead, to take doctor to open overcoat to be low telephone, telephone call (counter for hats) area, region to lose oT ge 8886 ENO SESGESEG0E GEE GRGEEGERSREERESE SEE HUW ERR EERE HEEDWLF, Cumulative Vocabulary ddng abngbulizo dOngtian (ddngtian) =a dun aun adzi fEngjiin fanting any? f8shio faxian én feng, féngJing fdyin (fiyin) fini fGzhudngdian ginburt gainjing ginmio gio gko weishéng Gong" anja gongyd gongytou gu gud gua gua biz gitou (giitou) gyi n&ipian(r) hin hioxiang he hé ne hésh? hou héuléng (néulong) na. pul huénjing nai J48K8 (r)/§16k8(r) jie Jian Jido ‘to move unable to move winter degree to be short to sever, to break velly, abdomen room dining room to interpret, to translate to have a fever to discover one tenth of Chinese inch (cin) wna scenery area, neigtborhood women clothing store cadre suit to be clean to catch cold; a cold to do, to engage in to do cleaning Bureau of Public Security (PRC) apartment building; apartment apartment building to be enough to blow (of wind, typhoons, etc.) to scrape to shave (the face) bone intentionally, willfully, on purpose seashore and (Taivan pronunciation) to seem (to be), to appear that to drink river and to fits to be suitable to be think; to be heavy (of clothing) throat, lake to be bad; to go bad, to break environment peard OR mustache Jacket (cut above waist) to eut (with scissors) (counter for articles of clothing) to ask/tell (someone to do something) 98 PCE DBECCCCECCCCECCEECECCCCCECCCCC—LCECCCCCCCESCECCELL RD EHH HWAMAEE, UARUH OO / POUWHR ERO EEUU WH RE URRRH EEE EU wnWLF, Cumulative Vocubulary Jiasht JidshY enfznio Jngeh Jingeha ya jitntens Juan Juéde Jainsht kan kan bing késou xBting kSnga? (k6ngai) kOngal wirkn wBuddi Kizi (yitido) 1a abei ng ign Lidng =Liang lingbiain éngkuai fing twen Lidozi athai kai ing 1i6 1i6 née idxingxing glinn’o 1iG xuk (xi8, xu) 1bian(r) layindai liyinjt néfan mali néoyT maori (yta¥ng) miishing méi shi (1e) Uriver, pilot; to drive, to pilot driver's License policeman police station ambulance to curl, to roll up; a roll (of somethinn), a reel (of tape) to feel. military to operate; to be operated on to begin, to start to write a prescription boiled water to look after, to watch over to have (a medical problem) treated to see a doctor; to see a patient to cough Living, room air air pollution pocket pants to have diarrhea to be cold face ‘to measure WLF 2, (counter for vehicles) oth sides, two sides to be cool. to take a person's temperature material, fabric to severe, to be fierce to leave to collect, to pick up (something which is issued) to remain, to stay; to keep, to saves to grow, to let grow;: to leave to grow a beard or mustache influenza, flu to bleed side of the road recording tape tape recorder trouble, bother street, avenue sweater hat immediately everything is all right (now); there's no (further) business 99 wor wr wu WF WLP wh wor wo WLP wor wor WF wor WF WF WLP wor woF WLF WF WL WLP WLP wu wr wu WL wLF uF WF WF WF WF eee ARR ER FraAanuwWLF, Cumulative Vocabulary . néi wenti mién'&o nétudché (métudché) ndiks ndiké yIshéng ndikd ndiyt nfléng nitinds ndng (18ng, néng) ndng ganjing nuKnhuo paiet pingchéng pixié po at aihdu (qthou) ain aingjing afpio qifitian (qiftian) a aGned ring re rénk®u sénlin shan shangyl shao shiio shfoh¥o le shéi shéng bing shénbao shénbaodin shénmeylng sh8nshang sh? ‘there's no problem (Chinese-style) cotton-padded jacket motorcycle ‘then, in that case internal medicine, general medicine; department of internal medicine internist, physician underpants undervear (undershirts, undershorts, briefs, slips, bras, ete.); Just undershirt (vhen used in contrast to néiki, underpants) nylon (cow's) milk to do, to handle, to manage, to make to clean something up to be warn sign, poster, plate; brand name, trade mark usually, generally, ordinarily leather shoes ‘to be worn out; to break, to tear to ride by straddling climate to be clear to be quiet close-fitting woman's dress with high neck and slit skirt; cheongsam fell, autumn to go skirt to let, to allow, to cause something to do something to be hot population forest mountain upper outer garment to heat, to cook; to burn to be few; seldom to have heated up; to have finished cooking someone to get sick, to become ill to declare, to report customs declaration like what; whet kind on one's body: to try 100 g5 § €86 §688 G866 G86 SGGGG8E GEG888 GEE BEA RHR BEBO RREQ HWOERR RY w ANYWLF, Cumulative Vocabulary shi(yi)shi to give (something) a try WF shiqing matter, affair, business, thing ‘WLF shdushi to tidy up : WF shBushi Jewelry War shud to brush WF ~shuang pair WF shud yé to brush one's teeth WLP shibao book bag, tote bag, carryall WLF shiifang library WLP shifu to be comfortable wae shut vater wor shut Ji20 to sleep WF shut ¥ijiao to take @ noontime nap woF shutyI (y{t&o) pajamas; nightgown WLF shiishu uncle woF shit tou to brush or comb hair uF +8 to carry (by tvo or more people) WF thiféng typhoon WLF tng to lie, to recline wor tang to get a permanent WF ~tdo (counter for suits, sets of things) WF téng (t8ng) to hurt, to ache WF téngsf le to hurt like crazy, to hurt to death (figuratively) war tian sky; heaven; day WLF tinal (tianqi) weather WLF -tiéo (counter for pairs of pants) WF tingshud to hear that, to hear it said; T hear that, I understand that wr tiven (vody) temperature WL téu head; head of hair WF 2, WLF téufa hair woP t6u téng to have | headache; headache wor +a to vomit, to spit up wor tut leg WLP tudxié slippers Wo wiguo foreign country wor wAike surgical department WLF waiké yTshéng surgeon WF whisht foreign affeire WLF wish? JIngché foreign affairs policeman WLP whitdo coat, Jacket (thet extends below the waist) WLF wang to forget WF wazd socks Wu wei stomach wuF weibing stomach trouble, gastric disease WF wéixilin (w8ixiin) to be dangerous, to be perilous; danger WF windi, temperature WLF wants question, problem Wor wféng vedroom WF 101 DHE O URUUHO WEN EE RW PN EN EEE OW FU AD MUMKRAAMIUD PaAWUwMGHWLF, Cumulative Vocabulary xiting xidngxid (xidngxia) xidnget xikobénei xikobian xidtian (xidtian) xid ud xia yl xid dbei xing xinxian (xinxian) xt téu xiztlo xiatoring xizhulng xubya xubya a xuty3. po xiyao yagao yangzi y&njtng(r) yao yaoburén yaofang yiatng viru yishéng yiyuan yong you yu(de) shfnou ydu shi ydu (yi)dian yéuydng ytbed yibeihiio le yan ylbdé yiyt ylyud bedroom pollution room to wash to miss, to think of in the country, the countryside suitcase notebook to urinate; urination to be careful summer ‘to snow to rain shoe to have diarrhea to wake up to be fresh to shampoo, to get a shampoo to take a bath bathroom Western-style clothes; Western-style suit plood pressure low blood pressure high blood pressure to need, to require tooth, teeth toothpaste appearance; shape, form; style, designs pattern glasses (spectacles) should; must; it is necessary, to need to medicine otherwise, or else prescription certainly, surely, for sure, definitely clothes doctor hospital to use oil, grease sometimes to be occupied, to be busy a little bit, somewhat to swim to prepare, to get ready to have prepared to be dizzy rainshoes; rubbers, galoshes raincoat to make an appointment (PRC) 102 “IF wr wir wu WF wor WF wor WF WLP wor wor wr WL WF EUYH EH EU EERE WOM EE AW UH UNUM RUU AUD EDWLF, Cumulative Vocabulary 2iiogiio zhlo zhojt zhlo xiang zhloxiaingjT ~2he zhénjid (2hénjitt) zhEpiio zhipidob&n ~2hdng huang andy? (zhiyi) 2ijt zfichugu zd zud fan 2ud téufa zubyu oh no! how avful! how terrible! vhat a mess!; to be avful according to to get upset, to be anxkous, to be worried to take @ photograph canera (marker of duration for actions and states) acupuncture and moxibustion check (as in personal check) checkbook kind, sort to bump into, to run into, to collide vith to pay attention to self, oneself (myself, yourself, ete.) to rent out most, ~est to make; to have made to cook to do one's hair, to have one's hair done approximately, about 667-001/43089 103 ShGSSSGGS S888 888 G6 HW ERE ERMA REEUR FAR VO