MOT CACH TINH TOAN MONG DAI DON BA COC Ts. Phan Diing I- Dat van aé 1.1. Trong thie té thiét ké nén méng cong trinh c6 thé gap trudng gp Khong thé’ tranh duge viée sit dung méng coc dai don vi ba coc. Hung din bé tri va cu tao méng coc kiéu nay cé thé tim thdy 6 mot s6 tai Ligu [1, 5, v.v..J, nhung cdn qué it hoc hdu nh chfa c6 cdc chi din vé tinh todn thiét © ké. 1.2. Bai bdo nay tinh bay cdc dic diém tinh méng coc dai don ba coc trong xay dung’! dan dung c6ng nghiép v6i mat bing bé tri coc la tam gidc déu, difa trén céc diéu khodn cita tiéu chudn thiét ké méng coc hién hanh 6 nusc ta. Il- Khéi méng quy wée Gia sit c6 mat bing bé tri ba coc trén dinh cia mot tam giéc déu, véi bube coc: Sz 3d.(xem hinh 1). Hinh 1: Tiét dign bao cita nén coc tai mite day dai Tiét din nén coc tai mite d4y dai dude ding lam cd sé dé xdc dinh kich thuéc kh6i m6ng quy w6c 1a mt tam giéc du ABC (canh S’) ngoai tiép v6i nén coc nit é hinh 1. S/=S +28 =S+4 3d a) G day: d = dung kinh tiét dién coc (m) Néu coc c6 tiét dién vudng, canh a thi d=d,, =1128a 7 2) Voi chidu di coe Ly thi kh6i méng quy uée c6 dang khdi chép cut tam giée déu nb hinh 2.Hinh 2: Khéi méng quy wéc dang kh6i chép cut day tam gidc déu Day khOi m6ng quy wc (ké qua mt phing mii coc): A'B/C, canh S’, trung tuyén B‘E duge tinh nhv sau: BE=BB+BD+DE BB! = Ltan¥ My BD E=41 tan 2 =h’ thi V3 (S' +V3L, tan ¥) @) Tir (3) suy ra chiéu dai canh cia tam gidc déu A'B/C: S' =S8' + 3L¢ tan'¥ 4 II- Tinh phan 4p lye nén tai day khoi méng quy uée 3.1, Momen quén tfnh chinh trung tam cila d4y khdi mong quy wée3.2. Phan dp luc nén tai ddy khéi méng quy wée Hinh 3: So d6 tinh'c&c momen quan tinh chinh trung tam cia d4y khOi méng quy u6c Dat hé truc XO;Y tai trong tam déy kh6i mong quy usc A’B‘C’ (Hinh 3). 1 Dién tich d4y kh6i mong quy uéc: wa Ep Bos Arcs". Awadihy = 3 ‘S' (5) C4c momen quén tinh chinh theo truc X: Jy va true Y: Jy theo [6] duge tinh ah biéu thie sau: (6) : Céc tdi trong ngoai tac dung lén d4y kh6i méng quy w6c dude phan tich thank cdc thanh phan tai trong trong cdc mat phing XO,Z va YO,Z: : Po) = Luc thing dting Ho: va Hyo: = cdc luc nim hgang Mxo1 Va Myo1 = cde momen 3 itoals Gla teathan of ad Pharr aplug bof et v Khi @4y méng Kadi quy w6c chju Ie Igch tam trong m§t phdng XO,Z thi, cong. thi tinh phan 4p Ife dat la: Poy Myo = Po, Myo 7 pert Ty x , 7) i Mi x =x, =3s" 8) 6 Pe “Pew Po 4 1 Mao a “F 2s? ) Toa d6 cia diém C’: Be aoa Es (10) Nén 4 Pou Myo. = 11 BS" s° op woh Digu kign 48 pe! > 0 12: oh Vein ten) Ctrl eluted deat u eyo, = Ola: (Wk kiki tra) a Me < 0,0838" (as) 01 Gia thiét ring phan 4p luc duéi d4y khéi méng quy uéc phan bé tuyén tinh thi!’ gid tri phan luc tai ba dinh sé la: . wae 2 oxo +1682 (16) M an (ag) IV- Dic diém xdc dinh 4p lc tinh todn cia nén dt Ap luc tinh toa thtie (40) eda tai tri chiéu rong twong dung: b.q (sd dé hinh 5). ciia nén dat tai khi méng quy w6c dutge xAc dinh theo’ céng Gu [3], trong 46 chiéu rng b ciia méng duc thay bing gid Ra Mats (Ab Ye +BhG+0G) 4 b? poy |ve To 7 | \ chif nhat tong dung c6 kich thu6c: bey va leq thod man ddng thdi cdc diéu kién sau: - Tam O, va hé truc XO,Y khOng 461 - Dién tich bang nhau - Momen quén tinh trung tam theo canh Y bang nhau Tacé: | 1,8 wether in (19) j 5 Va b= 2 a eS 20) Phan bé ting suat thing ditng o,, do tai trong gay ra trén dudng thing ding ké qua tam day méng quy wéc 0;: Vi day méng quy ude 1a hinh tam giée nén phdi &p dung cdch tinh gan ding & xdc dinh ting sudt oz, dd dugc néu trong [2] theo nguyén ly sau: Chia dién chju tdi (d4y mong quy u6c) thanh nhiéu dién nhé F,, thay thé tdi, phan bé thanh uc tap trung P; va dat tai trong tam cla méi dién, tim khoang}f cach dit lye r, d nhan dugc hé s6 phan b6 ing suat k;, ting suat thang ditng tai 6 su Z dude tinh theo cng thite da biét:Hinh 6; So dé phan chia dién chiu tai (mot nita d4y kh6i méng quy uéc) V6i c4ch chia d4y kh6i m6ng quy uc nhw hinh 6, ta nhan duge: V3 on R=—,=— => 224 i=R=5 36° (22a) R-R-R= 23s" oR ( x mond NEw 4p luc d4y méng phan b6 déup (KN/m’) thi: tidus! pp p V3 g2 ‘huang br ) Veh Bs =e P Pi, =P, =P, -Bsxp (23b) =P aR aT va: (24a) (24b) ° (24c) i t 14 = 0,242161 S” (24d) hein’ Veduimhxad? — 5, =0,388889 S* (24e) oy 2 1 Theo [2] dé dat 46 chinh x4c cila cdc ting suat tinh duge < 6% thi viée pha chia dién chju tai va chon vj tri d6 sfu diém tinh Z phai théa man diéu ie Soe seals,» . 4 oy rn eee! eo RG t $ OR, 2 kda qs 6 day: Ip = kich thuéc 16n nhit ota dién chia R ik { Ro = Khoding céch tit trong tam dign ndy dén diém tinh ting sudt “9 7 D6i vdi bai todn dang dude xét, diéu kién (25) c6 thé biéu dién nhw sau: Z<038° (26)“SN ts ey Steen ean ® Urn ren gag lo a Hes — Qj» Hx oat VI- Phan tich ngi hfe méng coc i Theo so 46 hinh 7a, tdi trong dutgc phan tich thanh cdc thanh phén va 1. tai? trong tam day dai O: Hinh 7: So 46 tinh n6i lye méng coc Po = lye thang dting Hxo, Hyo = cdc Ic nim ngang Mxo, Myo =c4c momen 4 Ap dung céng thife (44) trong [3] cho tung hgp mong coc chiu ive 1éch “ ue trong mat phing xoz ta dude lc thing diing trén coc 1 va coc 2 1a: ‘ Pe N,, = 22423 Mo an Makai. : 3.8 : va coc 3: P,_2V3M N, =—2-=S= 2 28 Eg (28) Diéu kién dé coc 3 khéng chiu nhé 1a Cy = Ae < 0,288 (29) i 0 ; Twong ty nhu vay cho mat phdng yoz ta cing nh4n dugc ly thang ding trén cge 1 va 2: PM. Nia= cy + =e 30) Va coc 3: P. N,=22 31 23 G1) Diéu kién dé coc 2 Khong chiu nhé 1a c, = Mw cls 32) ess . ) Néu méng coc chiu tai nhu' so 46 7a thi Iyc thing diing trén céc egc la: n, = 24 Mao 4M _ G3) 3 s 3.8G4) (35) mt Chit ¥ ring céch phan tich coe chiu lye ngang 6 méng dai don 3 coc khéng cé gi khid nén khOng trinh bay 6 day. VII- Vi du minh hoa Cho mét méng dai én ba coc déng bing bé tong cbt thép tiét dién vuéng 30x30cm nhv hinh 8. S1,2m é i Lop 3 y # Hinh 8: So dé két cu mong dai don ba coc eee S6ligu dat nén cho 6 bang sau: : ie Danh muc | Lép 1 Lép2 | Lép3 ; 1- Tén dat 4 sét 4sét | Cat thd 2- Chiéu day (m) 3,3 27 | « 3- Trong lugng don vi ty nhién,yw (KN/m*) | 17 18 17 4- Hé sO rong, ¢ | 0,81 0,65 0,63 | 5- Chi sé déo, A (%) 0,1 0,2 - | 6- DO dic trung tuong 46i, B : | 0,54 0,7 - j | 7- Géc ma sat trong, @ (46) - | 19 24 30 | 7- Lute dinh don vi, c (KPa) | 5 12 e | 8- Modurr bién dang, E, (KPa) | 10,000 | 11.000 | 20.000g Cée tai trong ngoai: Po = 1500 KN Hyxo = 10 KN Myo = 50 KNm Yéu cdu: 4p dung cach tinh kign nghj dé phan tich chuyén vj — ndi le méng. coe a cho. , 1- X4c dinh dung kinh tong duong theo (2) dq = 0,339m ; 2- Kich thudéc tiét dién bao cila nén coc tai d4y dai theo (1): ied S‘ =1,2+¥3 «0,339 ‘ S!=1,787m 3- Géc ma sat trong trung binh trong pham vi chiéu dai coc: gg = LIEBBH 24x27 4 3012 _ ye gg 37 4- Géc mé cila khéi méng quy uéc: w= ; % 23,6842 = 5°,96105 Yo Chiéu dai canh cda tam gic déu day khOi méng quy u6c theo (4): S$’ = 1,787 + V3 x 5,7 x 0,105104 = 2,82483 m 6- Dién tich day cia khdi méng quy uc theo (5) a A 8, 2,82483? = 3,4553 m? 7- Trong lugng kh6i mong quy uéc c6 ké trong higng méng coc Gmqu3,4553X20K1,5+17,474(3,4553-0,27)5,7+25x0,27%5,7 = 197,794 KN i Céc thanh phan tdi trong tai tam O, cila déy khdi méng quy uGe: Poy = 1500+197,794=1697,794 KN Hyo: = 10 KN Myo; = 50+10x5,7=107KNm 9- Chiéu réng tudng dudng ca déy khéi mong quy uéc theo (20): e v3 == %2,82483 = 1,72985 = 2 * a 10-Ap lye tinh toan tai mat phdng mii coc: m=14 b, m) = 1,2R= BATE (115 1,72958 x17 +5,59.7,2%17,375) = 1231,65 KPa ‘ 11- Ap iu gay hin 6 day kh6i m6ng quy wdc véi gid dinh phan bé déu: Py = 174 _17.3757,2 = 366,26 KPa 3,4553 ; 12- Dy b4o d6 ltin cudi cng cia méng cge: 12a. Tinh ¢4c life P; theo (23): 3 P| =P2=Ps (2,82483)* x 366,26 = 140,615 KN 36 Py=Pa=Po= 3h = 70,3076 KN 12b. Tinh cdc khodng céch r; theo (24): 1) = t5=0,470805 m 1) = 0,815458 m 15 = 1,2257 m 14 = 0,684064 m ; Ts = 1,09855 m te 12c. Tink cdc ting suat gay hin 79 theo (21), cdn dé lin cudi cing duge tinh bang phuong ph4p phan tang cOng hin: _0,80,5 = 36,000 2 20.000 ¢ : V6i gia thiét chigu day wep chju nén: H., =3,5m pag Két qua tinh ton ghi 4 bang 1. 13-Kich thuéc méng coc khi chu tdi I¢ch tm phdi théa man céc diéu kign sau: iP; Pes sR (13a) Pmax $ 1,2R, (13b) Pho <15R (13c) Trong 46: R= 4p lc tinh toan (xem bu6c 10). Puy = Ap Ic trung binh dudi d4y kh6i méng quy uée Pmax = 4p life I6n nhat tai mép d4y khOi mong quy ude (trudng hgp Iéch’ tém mét phuong) theo (9). Pha = 4p Ive 16n nit tai géc (dinh) cila day khOi mong quy w6c ' khi léch tm hai phugng, theo (16). 6 vidu nay: 4 1697,794 107 gt627 2G ee B* (2,82483)? (2,82483)° Py y= 491,36 + 75,9498 = 567,31 KPa Pw = 491,31 KPa Néu chi ¥ dén két qué 6 bude 10 thi diéu kiér (13) 1a théa man. ax = Paige = 10&v'U= "S caper ~peoeco. | cacer’o voistio | _Ls6iv'0 eee _ A oor'o L666 |_| 980295'0_| cypsero wee 886Z£7'0 +i bETO : gtssizs | Soro | costo | ceeze’o ae capP'0 of 9 oser‘o 10z8'L9 ggigoe’o | Ieoscco | cessor’o | 6 SE69STO_ L ossors, | eee | ecoor'o | caazc'o oze9e0 | Leder Sst ¢ essr‘o ESEr'v6 zwoev'n | scoeiz'o | scoor'o | esiszeo_| _t2eRgr0_ __ : zerour | 29970 | eeeveo | ysrzo | uceceo | oost¥o oz , sexe | eseoes | | apse | toes | see | sua | Gece meee ioe erossyo | eelcis’o | 6esers‘o ie <0 au gsor'o | €08'zoz ea fl Sora 7 a - zone | Freot_| wom | ert | soso | somo | OT |? ersso | gso‘suz : ; , a oT 7 — CE ee oe tsus'o | eS9'L8e [gr o9¢ T Te — D Kl ‘y 4 “y (wo) § (ody)?9 | (vdy) 0 Z DW a (aw) z, yun waIg A | Fa | 969 Sugur eno uny Yury 2] Sugg,14- Tinh Ic thing ditng tai diu coc theo (27) va (28): 1500 , v3. 50 SOO FEN 37420 3° 3-12 3 = N2 = 500 + 24,0563 a = N2 = 524,0563 KN N, =a 24,0563 = 451,887 KN N,=N Ghi chi: Vi dy bang sO nay chi nhim minh hoa céc c4ch tinh va viéc 4p dung cdc cng thife tinh kién nghi, do 46 day kh6ng phi 1A mét thiét ké miu méng dai don ba coc. VIN- Két luan 8.1, Day 1A mt cdch tinh tan don gidn méng dai don v6i ba coe ding cho xay dung dan dung — cong nghiép, chi y€u dia trén tiéu chudn thiét ké méng coc hién hanh. Tuy nhién, do dic diém riéng cia dang méng coc nay bude ta phai chap nh§n mt s6 gid dinh nhat dinh dé tan dung dude cdc ki€n thifc cd hoc vat rn bin dang, cd hoc dat trong qué trinh x4y dung c4ch tinh. Va nhu thé, cach tinh kién nghi chi la gdn ding nhung c6 thé chap nhan dug khi thiét ké mong coc dai don trén ba coc. . Cac cong thifc trong bai béo nay dug xay dung trén c6 sd mat bang b6 ti coc dang tam gide déu. ‘ Ti két qua thu duge 6 day ta c6 thé xay dung cdch tinh cho trudng hgp mat bing b6 tri coc dang tam gidc can va tham chi cd tam gidc thudng nifa. Do khuén khé ciia bai bao ma viéc ha chon hgp ly dang tam giéc cfing nh khoang céch gitfa cdc coc khong duge xét dén. 8. ivTAI LIEU THAM KHAO ee Nguyén Van Quang: Nén méng nha cao tang, Nha xudt ban Khoa Hoc va. Kj Thuat, Ha N6i, 2003, - N. A. Xutovich: Co hoc dat (gido khoa rit gon) Ngudi dich: BS Bing, Nguyén Cong Min Higu dinh: Nguyén Cong Min. Nha xudt ban: Néng nghiép, Ha NOi Mir, Macxcova, 1987. : Nguyén Ba ké, Nguyn Van Quang va trinh Viét Cudng: HuGng din thiét ké' méng coc (bién dich), Nha xudt ban Xay Dung, Ha NOi, 1993. G. 1. Shvexov (hiéu dinh): S6 tay nén va m6ng, Nha xudt ban “Trudng cao dang”, Maxcova, 1991 (Tiéng Nga). BO X4y Dung — Cong ty Tu Van XAy'Dyng Dan Dung Viét Nat c6t thép, Nha xudt ban Xay Dung, Ha NO Foundamentals of engineering Supplied ~ Reference Handbook. Fifth Edition, NCEES, 2001. : Cau tao bé tong } , 2004.