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Problem Statement: Draw a interaction diagram for a 12" x 12" non- slender tied(non-spiral) column reinforced
w/ 4 - # 8 bars bending around it's x-axis.
2-1/2"
Y
fy = 60000 psi
b = 12"
X
7"
2-1/2"
h = 12"
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
Calculate Pnmax Due to the fact concrete structures placed monolithically are continuous, a Section R10.3.6
minimum eccentricity or minimum moment is assummed in this calculation, the &
code reduces the maximum axial load by 20% to account for this minimum R10.3.7
moment.
Ag = 144 in2
Calculate points It is possible to derive a group of equations to evaluate the strength of columns
on curve subjected to combined bending and axial loads. These equations are tedious to
use, therefore interaction diagrams for columns are generally computed by
assuming a series of strain distributions. These strain distributions correspond fo
a particular point on the interaction diagram, P and M.
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2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
With the wide range of possible "Z" factors, every designer must understand there
are four mandatory points that must be calculated for each interaction
diagram.These four points "Z" factors are 0, -0.5,-1.0,,-2.5, the importance of each
point will now be discussed.
Z = -0.5 (fs1 = -0.5fy, s1 = -0.5y) This strain distribution affects the length of
tension lap splice in a column & is customarily plotted on an interaction diagram.
Z = -1.0 (fs1 = -fy, s1 = -y) This is the point of balanced failure. This strain
distribution marks the change from compression failures originating by crushing
of the compression surface of the section to tension failures initiated by yield of
the longitudinal reinforcement.
- Also marks beginning of transition zone for for columns in which increases
from 0.65 or 0.70 up to 0.90
2
2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
3
2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
Compression
Controlled zone
s1 y Section 10.3.3
Strain in reinforcement and concrete shall be assumed directly proportional to the Section 10.2.2
distance from the neutral axis "c"
s1
s2 c
d2
d1
As shown in Figure 1.1: "c" (distance from extreme compression fiber to neutral
axis) can be calculated using similar triangles.
= .003
Calculate C d1 9.5"
c = .003 (Eq. 1-4)
.003 s1 .003 .001862
c = 25.05 in
Calculate "a" a = 1C (Eq. 1-5) ah "a' must be less than depth of Section 10.2.7.1
(equivalent stress column
block)
For f'c 4000 psi 1 = .85 Section 10.2.7.3
For f'c 4000 psi 1 = .85 .05( f ' c 4000 ) (Eq. 1-6)
1 .65
4
2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
Calculate stress
in each row of f sx = sx E s f sx f y (Eq. 1-8) Section 10.2.4
steel (fs1 & fs2)
f s1 = .001862(29000ksi) f s 2 = .002701(29000ksi) = 78.33 60
f s1 = 54 ksi f s 2 = 60 ksi
.85f'c
b
a
a
/2
Cc
Section 10.2.6
Figure 1.2 - Equivalent rectangular stress block diagram
Section 10.2.7
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2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
b/2 = 6"
Calculate Pn & Mn
by applying forces Pn
to free body
diagram Mn
a/2 = 6"
d1 = 9.5"
Using Figure 1.3 from previous page, calculate Mn by summing moments about
steel in line d1: (counterclockwise being positive moment)
M n = 2.82 kip-ft
Pn = 428.33 kips
Point on curve for "Z" = .9
M n = 1.83 kip-ft
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2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
s1
c
s2
c
d2
d1
c = 0.003
Calculate s1 y = 0.002069
Strain in 1st row
of steel s1 = .5(.002069) s1 = -0.001034 (Eq. 1-2)
c = 7.06 in
1 = 0.85
a= 6.004 in
Calculate s2
7.06"2.5"
Strain in 2nd row s 2 = .003 (eq. 1-7)
of steel 7.06"
s2 = 0.001938
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2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
C c = 244.98 kips
b/2 = 6"
Calculate Pn & Mn
by applying forces Pn
to free body
diagram Mn
d2 = 2.5"
a/2 = 3.002"
d1 = 9.5"
Tensile strength of concrete shall be neglected in axial and flexural calculations of Section 10.2.5
reinforced concrete.
Pn = 281.02 kips
Using Figure 1.5, calculate Mn by summing moments about steel in line d1:
(counterclockwise being positive moment)
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2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
Calculate s1 y = 0.002069
Strain in 1st row
of steel s1 = 1.1(.002069 ) s1 = 5.401961
Calculate C
9.5"
c = .003 (Eq. 1-4)
.003 ( .002276)
c= 5.40 in
a= 4.590 in
Calculate s2
5.40"2.5"
Strain in 2nd row s 2 = .003 (eq. 1-7)
of steel 5.40"
s2 = 0.001612
C c = 187.27 kips
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2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
b/2 = 6"
Calculate Pn & Mn
by applying forces Pn
to free body
diagram Mn
a/2 = 2.295"
d2 = 2.5"
d1 = 9.5"
Pn = 160.96 kips
Using Figure 1.6 calculate Mn by summing moments about steel in line d1:
(counterclockwise being positive moment)
Pn = 108.33 kips
Point on curve for "Z" = -1.1
M n = 70.97 kip-ft
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2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
Tension Controlled
s1 .005
Zone
Calculate s1 y = 0.002069
Strain in 1st row
of steel s1 = 5(.002069) s1 = -0.010345 (Eq. 1-2)
9.5"
Calculate C c = .003 (Eq. 1-4)
.003 ( .010345)
c= 2.14 in
1 = 0.85
a= 1.819 in
Calculate s2
2.14"2.5"
Strain in 2nd row s 2 = .003 (Eq. 1-7)
of steel 2.14"
s2 = -0.000505
Cc = 74.22 kips
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2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
b/2 = 6"
Calculate Pn & Mn
by applying forces Pn
to free body
diagram Mn
a/2 = .91"
d2 = 2.5"
d1 = 9.5"
Pn = -43.73 kips
Using Figure 1.7 calculate Mn by summing moments about steel in line d1:
(counterclockwise being positive moment)
= .9 Section 9.3.2.2
Calculate Pn &
Mn Pn = (.9 )( 43.73) M n = (.9)52.38
Pn = -39.36 kips
Point on curve for "Z" = -5
M n = 47.14 kip-ft
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2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
Calculate Pnt When column is entirely in tension the designer shall assume the concrete in the Section 10.2.5
column will not contribute to tension strength, only reinforcement shall resist
tension.
Pnt = Ast f y
(Area of 1 - #8 bar = .79 in2)
2
Ast = (4 * .79) = 3.16 in
Draw interaction s1 Pn Mn
diagram using
points calculated. 0.002069 347.60 0.00
0.0018621 347.60 1.83
-0.001034 182.67 64.62
-0.002276 108.33 70.97
-0.010345 -39.36 47.14
-170.64 0.00
400.00
300.00
200.00
Pn (Kips)
100.00
0.00
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00
-100.00
-200.00
Mn (k-ft)
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2/20/2007 E702 Example Problems D.D. Reynolds ,K.W. Kramer
Interaction Diagrams for Concrete Columns
Notes ACI-318 05
Reference
Finally an actual iteraction diagram will be shown with using more values of "Z", to
get a more detailed curve.
400.00
300.00
200.00
Pn (Kips)
100.00
0.00
0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00
-100.00
-200.00
Mn (k-ft)
14