.

20-11-13

, D. Griffiths,
(2004).
, . ,
(2002).
Electromagnetism, G. L. Pollack, D. R. Stump,
Pearson (2005).
Classical Electrodynamics, 3rd edition, J. D.
Jackson, Willey (1998)
Classical Electromagnetic Theory,2nd edition, J.
Venderlinde, Kluwer Academic Publishers (2004).

2

/
1 2
2 12
3 10
4 8
5 12
6 8
52

3
 1

4


COULOMB FARADAY

LORENTZ

GAUSS

AMPERE

* SI 5


1 10
1
137
10 10
10

: (
,
, )

: (
)

6

James Clerk Maxwell ,
A dynamical Theory of
Electromagnetic Field,
(1865)
James Clerk Maxwell,
1831-1879

8
 Maxwell
( )

4, 5

1
c= = 3 108 m/s
0 0

:
j : 1 -
+ ,
"# : & 0# 6 + & 8.85 * 10
. /-
2
0# : = 4 * 101 3-
9
 -

4 Maxwell

1
Maxwell

10

SI

: (m), (kg), (s) + ()

C=A.s

[/]=[]=[T/L]

11


12
, ,

13
 1

14
 2

15
 3

16
 Dirac
(x) Dirac

x=0,
.
(x)
7

17
 Dirac
2.0

1.5

1.0

0.5

-4 -2 0 2 4

18
 Dirac

(1)

19
 :

10

8
=0.1
6

2
=0.5
-2 -1 1 2

(1)
(x).

.
Taylor f(x)

20
:
()

21
 Dirac

22
 Heavyside

23