CHAPTER 15 WAVE MOTION DESCRIBED IN SPHERICAL COORDINATE SYSTEMS 15.1 Basic L CoorDI Problems will now be investigated where the geometry is such that a formulation in spherical coordinates will be advantagous. Hence consider the spherical coordinate system as shown where x= r ind cosb y =r sind sing as.) 2 =r cosd We now list the fundamental equations of dynamic elasticity in spherical coordinates.15-2 Strain-Displacement Relations (45.2) ot 36 * ysind 39 a2 ey Mee a r rr Yor where u,, Ugs Ug are the displacements in the r, >, @ directions. Hooke's Law o, = AU + due, Og = AU + 2uEy oy > AU + Due, Te ~ re (15.3) Top = Hep Toe = Moe waere = 6, + eg te Equations of Motion = Oy - 94 - Typ cor®) + F, = oli, (as.4) 28, 1 _ 0% 1 - de TO tein BH Tr (re + Wo ~ Mgdeotdl + Fo = olig Or, 20, ro, op, a My a co - ge G0 * wind Bp TE Oey * Mag cot) +H = lly15-3 15.2 ISPLA We now consider problems where the displacements are of the form uy = u(t) (15.5) _ (15.6) au uy oF Qo + Qu) geet 2A au a, % % Age t 20+ W) > (15.7) yo Top” Tor 7 > and the equations of motion become (for zero body forces) (15.8) 255 ete eH o as.9) The solution to the differential equation (15.9) follows to be (ry) = aig - Aple™ + ai + (as.10) a vhere @ = {-r , and A and B are constants, Note for a bounded solution at 1 ® we must choose A = 0.15-4 15.3 Suppenty AppLIeD DISPLACEMENT ON A SPHERICAL CaviTy* Consider the problem of @ spherical cavity in an infinite medium and subject the cavity to a sudden radial displacement, ug. The boundary condition on the cavity surface 4a written uae) = ugilt) (as.1) Taking the teplace transform of this boundary condition ylelds Tae) = 2, as.32) Using the general solution (15.10) in (15.12) gives . (45.13) ‘Therefore combining (15.10) and (15.13) produces -L (rads : (45.14) * Also see: “Dynamic Expansion of Spherical Cavities in Metals, Prog. In Solid Mechanics, Vol. 1, Chapter 3, North Holland, 1960‘The inverse transform of (15.14) follows from tables to be up (rt) = HCE - where r! = ra, The stresses and strains then follow from (15.2) and (15.3). 15-5