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Viegrad massacres
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Viegrad massacres
Viegrad genocide
File:Visegrad bridge.JPG
'The Bridge on the Drina', Mehmed Paa Sokolovi Bridge,
Viegrad, a scene of slaughter of Bosniak civilians.

Location Viegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Date 1992

Target Bosniaks

Death(s) 3000

Perpetrator(s) Visegrad Briagde,Bosnian Serb Army

The Viegrad massacres also called the Viegrad genocide was an act of ethnic cleansing
and mass murder of Bosniak civilians that occurred in the town of Viegrad in eastern Bosnia
and Herzegovina, committed by Serb police and military forces at the start of the Bosnian
War during the spring of 1992.

According to ICTY documents, based on the victims reports, some 3,000 Bosniaks were
murdered during the violence in Viegrad and its surrounding, including some 600 women
and 119 children.[1][2] According to the Research and Documentation Center, 1661 Bosniaks
were killed/missing in Viegrad.[3]

Contents
1 The massacres
o 1.1 The Bridge murders
o 1.2 The Pionirska Street fire and the Bikavac fire
o 1.3 Paklenik massacre
o 1.4 Bosanska Jagodina massacre
o 1.5 Barimo Massacre
2 Eliticide
3 Trials
4 In popular culture and media
5 See also
 6 References
7 Further reading
8 External links

The massacres
Except for an apparently small number who escaped, all the able-bodied Bosniak men and
youths of Viegrad who had not fled the occupiers were shot or otherwise killed, according to
survivors. According to the 1991 Yugoslav census, Viegrad had a population of almost
25,000 before the conflict, 63 percent Bosniak and 33 percent Bosnian Serb.[4]

Every day Bosniak men, women and children were killed on a famous bridge on the Drina
and their bodies were dumped into the river. Many of the Bosniak men and women were
arrested and detained at various locations in the town. Serb soldiers raped women and
inflicted terror on civilians. Looting and destruction of Bosniak and Croat property occurred
daily and mosques in Viegrad were destroyed. Serb forces were also implicated in the
widespread and systematic looting and destruction of Bosniak homes and villages. Both of the
town's mosques were demolished. Many of the Bosniaks who were not immediately killed
were detained at various locations in the town, as well as the former JNA military barracks at
Uzamnica, 5 kilometres outside of Viegrad; some were detained in the hotel Vilina Vlas or
other detention sites in the area.[5]

On 6 April 1992, the Yugoslav People's Army after a few days of fighting occupied Visegrad.
Upon occupation they formed the "Serbian Municipality of Viegrad" and took control of all
municipal government offices. On May 19, 1992, the Yugoslav People's Army officially
withdrew from the town. Soon thereafter, local Serbs, police and paramilitaries began one of
the most notorious campaigns of ethnic cleansing in the conflict, designed to permanently rid
the town of its Bosniak population. The ruling Serb Democratic Party declared Viegrad to be
a "Serb" town. All non-Serbs were evicted from their jobs, and the murders began. Serb
forces (sometimes referred to as the "White Eagles" and "Avengers" and associated with
Vojislav eelj, leader of Serbian ultra-nationalist Serbian Radical Party) attacked and
destroyed a number of Bosniak villages. A large number of unarmed Bosniak civilians in the
town of Viegrad were killed because of their ethnicity. Hundreds of Bosniaks were killed in
random shootings.[6]

The Bridge murders

See also: Sjeverin massacre

According to the survivors and the report submitted to UNHCR by the Bosnian government,
the Drina river was used to dump many of the bodies of the Bosniak men, women and
children who were killed around the town and on the famous Mehmed Paa Sokolovi Bridge,
as well as the new one. Day after day, truckloads of Bosniak civilians were taken down to the
bridge and riverbank by Serb paramilitaries, unloaded, slashed or shot, and thrown into the
river. In one instance, during the murder of a group of 22 people on June 18, 1992, the Luki's
group tore out the kidneys of several individuals, while the others were tied to cars and
dragged through the streets; their children were thrown from the bridge and shot at before
they hit the water.[7]

On June 10 1992, Milan Luki entered the Varda factory and collected seven Bosniak men
from their workstations. He thereafter took them down to the bank of the Drina river in front
of the factory, where he lined them up. Milan Luki then shot the men in full view of a
number of people watching, including the wife and daughter of one of the victims, Ibriim
Memievi. All seven men were killed.[6]

The Pionirska Street fire and the Bikavac fire

In the Pionirska Street fire on the Serb holiday of "Vidovdan", June 27, 1992, a group of 70
Bosniak civilians, mainly from the village of Koritnik, were locked en masse in a house on
Pionirska Street, a grenade was thrown into the house killing some and and the house was set
ablaze and the occupants left to burn to death. 59 died but a handful survived, and all those
still alive came to testify before the Trial Chamber.[6]

In the Bikavac fire on June 14, 1992 the Serbs forced approximately 70 Bosniak civilians into
one room in a house in the settlement of Bikavac, near Viegrad. After the captives were
robbed, the house was set on fire and the occupants were burned alive. The Trial Chamber
found that at least 60 Bosniak civilians were killed in the fire.[6] Zehra Turjaanin testified in
relation to this incident:

There were many children in that house, its so sad, the witness said adding that the
youngest child there was less than one year old. Most of the people were younger women with
children, and there were some elderly men and women too. The Serb soldiers first threw
stones at windows to break them, and then lobbed hand grenades. For a while, they fired shots
at the crowd inside the house and they set the house on fire. People were burned alive,
everybody was crying out; I simply cant describe what I heard then, the witness said.When
the fire caught her clothes the witness and one of her sisters managed to get to the door, but it
was blocked: a heavy iron garage door had been placed against it from the outside. However,
she was able to somehow pull herself out through a small opening in the door; her sister
remained inside. As she ran towards the houses in the Mejdan neighborhood, the witness saw
Serb soldiers lying in the grass and drinking.[8]

Paklenik massacre

Main article: Paklenik Massacre

On June 14 1992, dozens of Bosniak men were separated from an organized civilian convoy
leaving Viegrad and systematically executed the next day by soldiers from the Bosnian Serb
Army Viegrad Brigade, in what is known as the Paklenik Massacre.[9] Around 50 Bosniak
civilians were shot and their bodies dumped in the ravine called Propast (Downfall).[10] The
sole survivor Ferid Spahi, was a key witness in the Mitar Vasiljevi and Nenad Tanaskovi
cases.

Bosanska Jagodina massacre

Main article: Bosanska Jagodina massacre

On May 26 1992, the SDS-led Municipality organized buses to deport Bosniaks from
Viegrad to Macedonia. Near Bosanska Jagodina, 17 men, Bosniak civilians were taken off
the bus and murdered in front of eye witnesses in what is known as the Bosanska Jagodina
massacre. Their bodies were found in a mass grave in Bosanska Jagodina in 2006. It is
believed that this war crime was most probably carried out by paramilitary forces "Avengers"
led by Milan Luki, under the control of the Army of Republika Srpska.[11]

Barimo Massacre

Main article: Barimo Massacre

In August 1992, the Bosnian Serb Army, officially known as the Republic of Srpska Army
attacked Barimo, burnt down the entire village and religious buildings. A total of 26 Bosniak
civilians were massacred.[12] A large number of them were women and children. The oldest
victim was Halilovi Hanka, born in 1900 and the youngest was Bajri Fadila Emir, born in
1980.[13]

Eliticide
Eliticide is defined as the systematic killing of a communitys political and economic
leadership so that the community could not regenerate.[14] After the Yugoslav Peoples Army
occupied Viegrad, the Serb Crisis Committee (krizni stab led by Serb Democratic Party)
took control of the municipality. Leading Bosniak intellectuals, political leaders and activists,
members of the Islamic Religious Community (Islamska Vjerska Zajednica) and Police
officers were expelled from work, arrested, jailed, called for informative talks, or kept
under house arrest. Serb Police officials gave Serb paramilitary groups lists of Bosniaks who
possessed firearms, who then went individually man to man and asked them to turn in their
firearms Bosniak intellectuals were systematically murdered, these intellectuals included
Safet Zejnilovic Doctor; Fejzo abanija Secretary at Party of Democratic Action (Bosniak
political party); Zihnija Omerovic leading member of the Territorial Defense; Himzo Demir
well- known Principal of Secondary School Hamid Besirovic; Salko Suceska Engineer;
Halil Ahmedspahic Engineer; Behija Zukic well-known owner of several businesses
(Milan Lukic murdered Behija and her husband, stole her red Passat and drove it over the next
couple of years); Tufo Tankovic Principal of Hasan Veletovac School (This school would
soon become a concentration camp); Safet Efendija Karaman Imam (Muslim religious
priest) at a mosque in Visegrad.[15]

Trials
In 1996, Milan Luki, Sredoje Luki and Mitar Vasiljevi were indicted by the International
Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia in The Hague for the "extermination of a
significant number of civilians, including women, children and the elderly." In his sentence
the tribunal concluded that Luki and his troops may have killed thousands of people in the
period between 1992 and 1993.[6][5]

Dragutin Dragievi is serving a 20-year sentence, ore evi was convicted to 15 years,
while two others were sentences to 20 years in absentia, Milan Luki, who was in the
meanwhile arrested and extradited to the Hague Tribunal and Oliver Krsmanovi, remains a
fugitive.[16] The Hague Tribunal sentenced Mitar Vasiljevi to 15 years for crimes against
humanity.[5] The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia and the Court of
Bosnia and Herzegovina has processed the following for war crimes in Viegrad:

Milan Luki (Life)[6]

Sredoje Luki (30 years)[6]
Mitar Vasiljevi (15 years)[5]
Boban imi (14 years)[17]
eljko Lelek (13 years)[18]
Momir Savi (18 years)[19]
Nenad Tanaskovi (12 years,[20] 8 years upon appeal)[21]
Novo Rajak (14 years)[22]

In popular culture and media

An account of the massacre is depicted in the journalistic comic Safe Area Gorade by Joe
Sacco.

On 11 August 2005, journalist Ed Vulliamy described the situation of Viegrad in The

Guardian:

"For centuries, although wars had crisscrossed the Drina, Viegrad has remained a town
two-thirds Bosnian Muslim and one-third Bosnian Serb. The communities entwined, few
caring who was what. But in the spring of 1992, a hurricane of violence was unleashed by
Bosnian Serbs against their Muslim neighbors in Viegrad, with similar attacks along the
Drina valley and other parts of Bosnia. Visegrad is one of hundreds of forgotten names [...]
As elsewhere, the pogrom was carried out on orders from the Bosnian Serb leader Radovan
Karadic and his military counterpart General Ratko Mladi, both still wanted for genocide."
[23][24]

On 8 February 2008, American Congressman John Olver, called for the remembrance of
genocide in Bosnia and Herzegovina and specially paid attention the war crimes in Visegrad:

"As we commemorate the 13th anniversary of the Srebrenica genocide, perpetrated by

nationalist Serb forces predominantly against Bosniaks, Bosnian Muslims, it is time to pay
tribute to the tragic episodes not only in Srebrenica, but also in other less-known places in
Bosnia and Herzegovina. In the spring of 1992, a deliberate, centrally planned, and well-
organized campaign of ethnic cleansing, mass murder, rape, torture, and intimidation
terrorized the civilian population throughout Bosnia and Herzegovina and took the lives of
200,000 men, women, and children. Out of those, 8,000 perished in Srebrenica alone during a
period of less than five days in July of 1995. In the end, 2 million Bosnians were displaced
from their homes, and the countrys rich cultural and religious heritage and monuments were
deliberately destroyed. Shattered state institutions remain dysfunctional from the chaos and
are struggling to cope with the significant loss of Bosnias population. Today, survivors are
battling post-traumatic stress disorder, orphans are still searching for their parents remains,
and new mass graves continue to be discovered. The entire western Balkans region has still
not fully recovered from the violent break-up of Yugoslavia. The human tragedy that befell
Bosnia and its citizens in places less known such as Biha, epa, Gorade, and Viegrad
needs to be revisited and marked in its proper place in the memory of human experience and
history. If the international community had possessed the will to protect the UN-designated
"safe haven" of Srebrenica, it would have prevented the tragic outcome and thousands of
innocent lives would have been with us here today. The world had said "never again" to
genocide, only to abandon the people of Bosnia to an unspeakable nightmare. Today, let us
remind ourselves of the consequences: Srebrenica was the worst single atrocity in Europe
after World War II. We cannot pretend that Bosnias struggles are simply in the past, nor that
the country has fully stabilized. The people of Bosnia are still trying to rebuild their country,
to reform the institutions that were responsible for the genocide, and to move beyond
ethnoterritorial divisions into a functional democratic state. As we mark July 11th, we must
always remember the innocent people who lost their lives while the international community
failed to act. We must acknowledge that justice will prevail only when General Ratko Mladi
and Radovan Karadi are apprehended, and we must never forget the horrors that befell the
people of Bosnia and Herzegovina."[25]

See also
Uzamnica camp
Paklenik Massacre
Bosanska Jagodina massacre
Srebrenica massacre
Barimo Massacre
Bosnian genocide
Viegrad
eljko Lelek
Momir Savi
Milan Luki
Nenad Tanaskovi
Boban imi
Mitar Vasiljevi
Role of the media in the Yugoslav wars

References
1. ^ Damir Kaletovic. "Bosnia's ideal fugitive hideout". International Relations and
Security Network.
2. ^ http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL261004720070526
3. ^ "IDC: Podrinje victim statistics".
4. ^ Final report of the United Nations Commission of Experts established pursuant to
security council resolution 780
5. ^ a b c d "ICTY: Mitar Vasiljevi judgement".
6. ^ a b c d e f g "ICTY: Milan Luki and Sredoje Luki judgement".
7. ^ "Document submitted by the BiH government, 32-35". UNHCR Human Rights
Committee. 1993-04-27.
8. ^ http://www.sense-agency.com/en/stream.php?sta=3&pid=12839&kat=3 WHAT IT
FEELS LIKE TO BURN ALIVE, Sense Agency, 25/9/2008
9. ^ Downfall, Colder Than Death, Irham Ceco, Dani, August 25, 2000
10. ^ http://www.sense-agency.com/ba/stream.php?sta=3&pid=14341&kat=6
11. ^ Masakr u Bosanskoj Jagodini poinili "Osvetnici" Milana Lukia,Al.B, Dnevni
Avaz, 17.03.2006
12. ^ Otvorena hajr cesma sa imenima zrtava,M.A.,Dnevni Avaz, 25.10.2009
 13. ^ U viegradskom naselju Barimo otkrivena spomen-ploa na kojoj su uklesana imena
26 ubijenih bonjakih civila Viegrad, 24.10.2009 - FTV
14. ^ Love thy neighbor: a story of war By Peter Maass p39
15. ^ Grihota je ubijanje tvica, Mehmed Bradaric, Bosanska Rijec Tuzla, 2004
16. ^ http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3150902.stm
17. ^ Final verdict handed down, sentencing Boban imi to 14 years imprisonment for
crimes against humanity
18. ^ eljko Lelek found guilty of Crimes against Humanity
19. ^ Momir Savi found guilty of Crimes against Humanity
20. ^ Nenad Tanaskovi found guilty of Crimes against humanity and sentenced to 12
years imprisonment
21. ^ Appellate Panel modifies verdict in Nenad Tanaskovi case
22. ^ Gorazde: Forgotten crimes
23. ^ The warlord of Viegrad
24. ^ The warlord of Viegrad
25. ^ Remembering Bosnian Genocide Victims Hon. John W. Olver of Massachusetts in
the house of representatives Thursday, July 10, 2008

Further reading
Love Thy Neighbor: A Story of War by Peter Maass
Wie der Soldat das Grammofon repariert by Saa Staniic ISBN 978 90 414 1211 9

External links
Visegrad Genocide Memories
Bloody trail of butchery at the bridge by Ed Vulliamy, The Guardian, March 11, 1996
'The river took him' by Roy Gutman, Newsday, July 3, 1992
The warlord of Visegrad by Ed Vulliamy and Nerma Jelacic, The Guardian, August
11, 2005
War Crimes in Visegrad

Yugoslav wars
Overview Timeline Participants People
Wars and conflicts 1990 Local states: Politicians:
Log
Slovenian War Revolution SFR Yugoslavia Ante
of (SFRJ/SFRY) Markovi
Independence 1991 o FR Yugoslavia Borisav
(1991) Ten-Day (SRJ/FRY) Jovi
Croatian War War Serbia and Dobrica
of Plitvice Montenegro osi
Independence Lakes Serbia Zoran Lili
(199195) incident Monte Slobodan
War in Bosnia Borovo negro Miloevi
and Selo o Slovenia
 Herzegovina killings o Croatia Milan
(199295) Dalmatian o Bosnia and Milutinovi
o Croat- anti-Serb Herzegovina
Bosnia riots o Republic of Momir
k war Battle of Macedonia Bulatovi
(1992 Dalmatia Milo
94) Dalj Unrecognised states and entities: ukanovi
Kosovo War massacre Milan
(1999) Battle of Republic of Serbian Krajina Kuan
Preevo Valley Vukovar (RSK) Janez
conflict (2001) Lipovaca, o SAO Eastern Jana
Macedonia Vukovii Slavonia, Baranja and Igor
conflict (2001) and Western Syrmia Bavar
Saborsko o SAO Krajina Franjo
Background: Vukovar SAO Kninska Tuman
massacre Krajina Stjepan
Timeline of Battle of o SAO Western Mesi
Yugoslavian the Slavonia Alija
breakup Barracks Republika Srpska (RS) Izetbegovi
Partisans Lovas o SAO Bosanska
Josip Broz massacre Krajina Adil
Tito iroka o SAO Herzegovina Zulfikarpa
Brotherhood Kula o SAO North-Eastern i
and unity massacre Bosnia Radovan
League of Gospi o SAO Romanija Karadi
Communists massacre Croatian Republic of Herzeg- Milan
of Yugoslavia Bain Bosnia Babi
Croatian massacre Autonomous Province of Goran
spring Saborsko Western Bosnia Hadi
SANU massacre Republic of Kosova Milan
Memorandum Siege of Marti
Contributions Dubrovnik United Nations protectorate: Vojislav
for the Operation eelj
Slovenian Otkos 10 United Nations Transitional Fikret
National kabrnja Authority for Abdi
Program massacre Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Ibrahim
Anti- Operation Western Sirmium (UNTAES) Rugova
bureaucratic Orkan 91 United Nations Interim Boris
revolution Bruka Administration Mission in Trajkovski
JBTZ-trial massacre Kosovo (UNMIK)
Gazimestan Voin Top military
speech massacre Armies: commanders:
Breakup of
Yugoslavia 1992 Yugoslav People's Army Veljko
Karaorevo Siege of (JNA) Kadijevi
agreement Sarajevo Yugoslav Territorial Defense Martin
o Graz Foa Forces (TO) pegelj
agreem massacre Slovenian Territorial Defence ivota
ent Mass rape (TORS) Pani
in the Yugoslav Army (VJ)
 Joint Criminal Bosnian Croatian Army (HV) Momilo
Enterprise War Army of the Republic of Perii
Role of the Viegrad Bosnia and Herzegovina Janko
media in the massacre (ARBiH) Bobetko
Yugoslav wars Miljevci Army of Republika Srpska Mile
plateau (VRS) Mrki
Consequences: incident Croatian Defence Council Ratko
Prijedor (HVO) Mladi
Brioni massacre Kosovo Liberation Army Rasim
Agreement (KLA) Deli
Dayton 1993 Armed Forces of the Sefer
Agreement Kravica Republic of Kosova (FARK) Halilovi
ICTY attack Republic of Macedonia Army Atif
o List of Dua (ARM) Dudakovi
ICTY massacre National Liberation Army Agim
indicte Operation (NLA) eku
es Maslenica Dragoljub
Human rights Lava Military formations and volunteers: Ojdani
in Croatia Valley Ljube
Human rights ethnic Croatian Defence Forces Bokoski
in Serbia cleansing (HOS)
Ahmii Serbian Radical Party Other notable
Articles on massacre Volunteers commanders:
nationalism: Mokronog Kninde
e massacre White Eagles Blago
Ethnic Operation Serb Volunteer Guard Zadro
cleansing Neretva '93 Scorpions Ante
Greater Grabovica Liberation Army of Preevo, Gotovina
Albania massacre Medvea and Bujanovac Jovan
Greater Stupni Do (LAPBM) Divjak
Croatia massacre Naser Ori
Greater Serbia Operation External states: Bla
Serbophobia Medak Kraljevi
Croatian Pocket NATO Ivica Raji
nationalism UN (UNPROFOR) Mirko
Serbian 1994 Austria Jovi
nationalism First Canada Dragan
Markale France Vasiljkovi
massacre Germany
Banja Iran eljko
Luka Italy Ranatovi
incident Netherlands Neboja
Operation Russia Pavkovi
Bllebank Saudi Arabia Hashim
Operation United Kingdom Thaci
Amanda United States Ramush
Operation Vatican Haradinaj
Tiger Ali Ahmeti
1995 Key civilians:
Operation
Flash Zlata
Zagreb Filipovi
rocket
attack Key foreign
Tuzla figures:
massacre
Mrkonji Wesley
Grad Clark
incident Bill
Srebrenica Clinton
massacre Helmut
Operation Kohl
Miracle Boris
Operation Yeltsin
Summer '95 Tony Blair
Operation Warren
Storm Zimmerma
Second nn
Markale Franois
massacre Mitterrand
NATO Boutros
bombing in Boutros-
Bosnia and Ghali
Herzegovin
a
Operation
Mistral
Operation
Sana
Dayton
Agreement

1998
Attack on
Prekaz
Battle of
Belacevac
Mine

1999
Raak
massacre
Rambouill
et
Agreement
NATO
bombing of
the FRY
 Battle of
Koare
Resolution
1244
Operation
Joint
Guardian

2001
2001
Macedonia
conflict
Operation
Essential
Harvest
Ohrid
Agreement

TRAD fr

Massacres de Viegrad
Un article de Wikipdia, l'encyclopdie libre
Massacres de Viegrad
Viegrad gnocide
Fichier: Visegrad bridge.JPG
'Le pont sur la Drina', Mehmed Paa Sokolovi Bridge, Viegrad, une scne de massacre de civils
bosniaques.
Location Viegrad, Bosnie-Herzgovine
Date 1992
Cible des Bosniaques
Mort (s) 3000
Responsable (s) Visegrad Briagde, Arme Serbe de Bosnie

Les massacres de Viegrad, galement appels gnocide de Viegrad, taient un acte de nettoyage
ethnique et d'assassinat en masse de civils bosniaques qui se sont produits dans la ville de Viegrad,
dans l'est de la Bosnie-Herzgovine, commis par la police serbe et les forces armes au dbut de la
guerre de Bosnie pendant le printemps De 1992.

Selon les documents du TPIY, sur la base des rapports des victimes, quelque 3 000 Bosniaques ont
t assassins pendant les violences de Viegrad et de ses environs, dont environ 600 femmes et 119
enfants [1] [2] Selon le Centre de recherche et de documentation, 1661 Bosniaques ont t tus /
disparus Viegrad. [3]
Contenu

1 Les massacres
1.1 Les assassinats du Pont
1.2 Le feu de la rue Pionirska et le feu de Bikavac
 1.3 Massacre de Paklenik
1.4 Massacre de Bosanska Jagodina
1.5 Massacre de Barimo
2 Eliticide
3 Essais
4 Dans la culture populaire et les mdias
5 Voir aussi
6 Rfrences
7 Autres lectures
8 Liens externes

Les massacres

A l'exception d'un nombre apparemment faible qui s'est chapp, tous les hommes et jeunes
Bosniaques valides de Viegrad qui n'avaient pas fui les occupants ont t abattus ou autrement
tus, selon les survivants. Selon le recensement yougoslave de 1991, Viegrad avait une population
de prs de 25 000 avant le conflit, 63% du bosniaque et 33% du bosniaque serbe [4].

Tous les jours, des hommes, des femmes et des enfants bosniaques ont t tus sur un pont clbre
sur la Drina et leurs cadavres ont t jets dans la rivire. Beaucoup d'hommes et de femmes
bosniaques ont t arrts et dtenus divers endroits de la ville. Des soldats serbes ont viol des
femmes et inflig de la terreur des civils. Le pillage et la destruction des biens bosniaques et croates
ont eu lieu quotidiennement et les mosques de Viegrad ont t dtruites. Les forces serbes ont
galement t impliques dans le pillage et la destruction gnraliss et systmatiques des maisons
et des villages bosniaques. Les deux mosques de la ville ont t dmolies. Beaucoup de Bosniens qui
n'ont pas t immdiatement tus ont t dtenus divers endroits de la ville, ainsi que l'ancienne
caserne militaire de la JNA Uzamnica, 5 kilomtres de Viegrad; Certains ont t dtenus dans
l'htel Vilina Vlas ou d'autres lieux de dtention dans la rgion. [5]

Le 6 avril 1992, l'arme populaire yougoslave, aprs quelques jours de combat, a occup Visegrad.
Aprs leur occupation, ils ont form la municipalit serbe de Viegrad et ont pris le contrle de
tous les bureaux du gouvernement municipal. Le 19 mai 1992, l'arme populaire yougoslave s'est
officiellement retire de la ville. Peu de temps aprs, les Serbes, la police et les paramilitaires locaux
ont entam l'une des campagnes les plus notoires de nettoyage ethnique dans le conflit, destines
dbarrasser dfinitivement la ville de sa population bosniaque. Le Parti dmocratique serbe au
pouvoir a dclar Viegrad tre une ville serbe. Tous les non-Serbes ont t chasss de leur
emploi, et les meurtres ont commenc. Les forces serbes (parfois appeles Aigles blancs et
Avengers et associes Vojislav eelj, chef du parti radical serbe serbe ultra-nationaliste) ont
attaqu et dtruit un certain nombre de villages bosniaques. Un grand nombre de civils bosniaques
non arms dans la ville de Viegrad ont t tus en raison de leur appartenance ethnique. Des
centaines de Bosniaques ont t tus dans des tirs au hasard [6].
Le pont meurt
Voir aussi: Sjeverin massacre

Selon les survivants et le rapport soumis au HCR par le gouvernement bosniaque, la rivire Drina a
t utilise pour dcharger un grand nombre des corps des hommes, des femmes et des enfants
bosniaques tus autour de la ville et sur le fameux pont Mehmed Paa Sokolovi. Ainsi que la
nouvelle. Jour aprs jour, des camions de civils bosniaques ont t transports au pont et la rive
par des paramilitaires serbes, dchargs, abattus ou abattus et jets dans la rivire. Dans un cas, lors
du meurtre d'un groupe de 22 personnes le 18 juin 1992, le groupe de Luki a arrach les reins de
plusieurs individus, tandis que les autres taient attachs des voitures et trans dans les rues;
Leurs enfants ont t jets du pont et tirs dessus avant qu'ils aient touch l'eau. [7]

Le 10 juin 1992, Milan Luki est entr dans l'usine de Varda et a rassembl sept hommes bosniaques
de leurs postes de travail. Il les a ensuite emmens la rive de la Drina devant l'usine, o il les a
aligns. Milan Luki a ensuite tir sur les hommes en pleine vue d'un certain nombre de personnes
regardant, y compris l'pouse et la fille d'une des victimes, Ibriim Memievi. Tous les sept hommes
ont t tus [6].

Le feu de la rue Pionirska et le feu de Bikavac

Dans le feu de la rue Pionirska, le 27 juin 1992, un groupe de 70 civils bosniaques,

principalement du village de Koritnik, ont t enferms en masse dans une maison de la rue
Pionirska, une grenade a t lance dans la rue Maison tuant quelques-uns et la maison a t
incendie et les occupants sont partis brler mort. 59 sont morts, mais une poigne a
survcu, et tous ceux qui sont encore en vie sont venus tmoigner devant la Chambre de
premire instance [6].

Dans l'incendie de Bikavac, le 14 juin 1992, les Serbes ont forc environ 70 civils bosniaques
dans une pice de la maison de Bikavac, prs de Viegrad. Aprs avoir vol les prisonniers, la
maison a t incendie et les occupants ont t brls vivants. La Chambre de premire
instance a constat qu'au moins 60 civils bosniaques avaient t tus dans l'incendie [6]. Zehra
Turjaanin a tmoign propos de cet incident:

Il y avait beaucoup d'enfants dans cette maison, c'est tellement triste, dit le tmoin en
ajoutant que le plus jeune enfant avait moins d'un an. La plupart des gens taient des femmes
plus jeunes avec des enfants, et il y avait des hommes gs et des femmes aussi. Les soldats
serbes ont d'abord jet des pierres aux fentres pour les casser, puis ont lanc des grenades
main. Pendant un certain temps, ils ont tir des coups de feu la foule l'intrieur de la
maison et ils ont mis la maison en feu. Les gens taient brls vivants, tout le monde criait;
Je ne peux tout simplement pas dcrire ce que j'ai entendu , a dclar le tmoin. Lorsque le
feu a attir ses vtements, le tmoin et une de ses surs ont russi atteindre la porte, mais
elle tait bloque: une lourde porte de garage en fer avait t place contre Il de l'extrieur.
Cependant, elle a pu se tirer d'une manire ou d'une autre par une petite ouverture dans la
porte; Sa sur est reste l'intrieur. En courant vers les maisons du quartier de Mejdan, le
tmoin a vu des soldats serbes couchs dans l'herbe et buvant [8].

Massacre de Paklenik
Article dtaill: Massacre de Paklenik

Le 14 juin 1992, des dizaines d'hommes bosniaques ont t spars d'un convoi civil organis
quittant Viegrad et systmatiquement excut le lendemain par des soldats de la brigade
Viegrad de l'arme serbe de Bosnie, dans ce qu'on appelle le massacre de Paklenik [9].
Environ 50 civils bosniaques ont t abattus et leurs corps dverss dans le ravin nomm
Propast (chute) [10]. Le seul survivant, Ferid Spahi, tait un tmoin cl dans les affaires
Mitar Vasiljevi et Nenad Tanaskovi.
Bosanska Jagodina massacre
Article dtaill: Massacre de Bosanska Jagodina

Le 26 mai 1992, la municipalit dirige par le SDS a organis des bus pour dporter des
Bosniaques de Viegrad en Macdoine. Prs de Bosanska Jagodina, 17 hommes, des civils
bosniaques ont t enlevs de l'autobus et assassins devant des tmoins oculaires dans ce
qu'on appelle le massacre de Bosanska Jagodina. Leurs corps ont t retrouvs dans une fosse
commune Bosanska Jagodina en 2006. On pense que ce crime de guerre a t trs
probablement excut par des forces paramilitaires "Avengers" diriges par Milan Luki, sous
le contrle de l'arme de la Republika Srpska [11]
Massacre de Barimo
Article dtaill: Massacre de Barimo

En aot 1992, l'arme serbe de Bosnie, officiellement connue sous le nom d'arme de la
Republika Srpska, a attaqu Barimo, incendi le village entier et les btiments religieux. Un
total de 26 civils bosniaques ont t massacrs [12]. Un grand nombre d'entre eux taient des
femmes et des enfants. La victime la plus ge tait Halilovi Hanka, n en 1900 et le plus
jeune tait Emir Bajri Fadila, n en 1980. [13]

liticide

L'liticide est dfini comme l'assassinat systmatique du leadership politique et conomique d'une
communaut afin que la communaut ne puisse pas se rgnrer [14]. Aprs que l'arme populaire
yougoslave ait occup Viegrad, le Comit serbe de crise (krizni stab dirig par le Parti
dmocratique serbe) a pris le contrle de la municipalit. Des intellectuels, dirigeants et militants
politiques bosniaques de premier plan, des membres de la communaut religieuse islamique
(Islamska Vjerska Zajednica) et des policiers ont t chasss du travail, arrts, emprisonns, appels
des discussions informatives ou maintenus en rsidence surveille. Les officiers de la police serbe
ont donn aux groupes paramilitaires serbes des listes de Bosniaques qui possdaient des armes
feu, qui sont alls individuellement de l'homme l'homme et leur ont demand de tourner leurs
armes feu. Les intellectuels bosniaques ont t systmatiquement assassins, y compris Safet
Zejnilovic. Fejzo abanija - Secrtaire au Parti d'Action Dmocratique (parti politique bosniaque);
Zihnija Omerovic, chef de la Dfense territoriale; Himzo Demir - bien connu directeur de l'cole
secondaire "Hamid Besirovic"; Salko Suceska - Ingnieur; Halil Ahmedspahic - Ingnieur; Behija Zukic -
bien connue propritaire de plusieurs entreprises (Milan Lukic a assassin Behija et son mari, lui a
vol son Passat rouge et l'a conduit au cours des deux prochaines annes); Tufo Tankovic - Directeur
de l'cole "Hasan Veletovac" (Cette cole deviendra bientt un camp de concentration); Safet
Efendija Karaman - Imam (prtre religieux musulman) dans une mosque Visegrad. [15]
Essais

En 1996, Milan Luki, Sredoje Luki et Mitar Vasiljevi ont t inculps par le Tribunal pnal
international pour l'ex-Yougoslavie La Haye pour "l'extermination d'un nombre important de civils,
y compris les femmes, les enfants et les personnes ges". Dans sa sentence, le tribunal a conclu que
Luki et ses troupes auraient tu des milliers de personnes entre 1992 et 1993. [6] [5]

Dragutin Dragievi purge une peine de 20 ans, ore evi a t condamn 15 ans, tandis que
deux autres ont t condamns 20 ans de dtention par contumace, Milan Luki, qui a t arrt et
extrad au Tribunal de La Haye et Oliver Krsmanovi Fugitif. [16] Le Tribunal de La Haye a condamn
Mitar Vasiljevi 15 ans pour des crimes contre l'humanit [5]. Le Tribunal pnal international pour
l'ex-Yougoslavie et la Cour de Bosnie-Herzgovine ont trait pour Viegrad les crimes suivants:

Milan Luki (Vie) [6]

Sredoje Luki (30 ans) [6]
Mitar Vasiljevi (15 ans) [5]
 Boban imi (14 ans) [17]
eljko Lelek (13 ans) [18]
Momir Savi (18 ans) [19]
Nenad Tanaskovi (12 ans, [20] 8 ans aprs appel) [21]
Novo Rajak (14 ans) [22]

Dans la culture populaire et les mdias

Un rcit du massacre est reprsent dans la bande dessine journalistique Safe Area Gorade de Joe
Sacco.

Le 11 aot 2005, le journaliste Ed Vulliamy a dcrit la situation de Viegrad dans le Guardian:

"Pendant des sicles, bien que les guerres aient travers la Drina, Viegrad est rest une ville deux
tiers des Musulmans de Bosnie et un tiers des Serbes de Bosnie. Les communauts se sont entasses,
peu de soins qui tait quoi." Mais au printemps 1992, un ouragan de violence a t [...] Comme
ailleurs, le pogrom a t excut sur ordre de la Bosnie-Herzgovine et de la Bosnie-Herzgovine Le
chef serbe Radovan Karadic et son homologue militaire le gnral Ratko Mladi, tous deux toujours
recherchs pour le gnocide. " [23] [24]

Le 8 fvrier 2008, le congressiste amricain John Olver, a appel au souvenir du gnocide en Bosnie-
Herzgovine et a particulirement prt attention aux crimes de guerre Visegrad:

"Alors que nous commmorons le 13e anniversaire du gnocide de Srebrenica, perptr par des
forces nationalistes serbes majoritairement contre les Musulmans bosniaques, il est temps de rendre
hommage aux pisodes tragiques non seulement Srebrenica, mais aussi dans d'autres endroits
moins connus en Bosnie et Herzgovine. Au printemps 1992, une campagne de nettoyage ethnique,
de massacres, de viols, de torture et d'intimidation dlibrs, centraliss et bien organiss a terroris
la population civile de toute la Bosnie-Herzgovine et a cot la vie 200 000 hommes, Et 8 000
d'entre eux ont pri Srebrenica pendant une priode de moins de cinq jours en juillet 1995. Au
bout du compte, 2 millions de Bosniaques ont t dplacs de leurs foyers et le riche patrimoine
culturel et religieux du pays a t dlibrment Aujourd'hui, les survivants luttent contre le dsordre
de stress post-traumatique, les orphelins sont toujours la recherche des restes de leurs parents et
de nouvelles fosses communes continuent de se dgrader. tre dcouvert. L'ensemble de la rgion
des Balkans occidentaux n'a pas encore compltement rcupr de la violente clatement de la
Yougoslavie. La tragdie humaine qui a frapp la Bosnie et ses citoyens dans des endroits moins
connus comme Biha, epa, Gorade et Viegrad doit tre revisite et marque sa juste place dans
la mmoire de l'exprience et de l'histoire humaines. Si la communaut internationale avait la
volont de protger le refuge sr de Srebrenica dsign par l'ONU, cela aurait empch le rsultat
tragique et des milliers de vies innocentes auraient t avec nous ici aujourd'hui. Le monde avait dit
plus jamais au gnocide, seulement pour abandonner le peuple de la Bosnie un cauchemar
indicible. Aujourd'hui, rappelons-nous les consquences: Srebrenica a t la pire atrocit unique en
Europe aprs la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Nous ne pouvons pas prtendre que les luttes de la
Bosnie sont simplement dans le pass, ni que le pays s'est entirement stabilis. Les Bosniaques
essaient encore de reconstruire leur pays, de rformer les institutions responsables du gnocide et
de dpasser les divisions ethnoterritoriales en un tat dmocratique fonctionnel. Alors que nous
clbrons le 11 juillet, nous devons toujours nous souvenir des innocents qui ont perdu la vie alors
que la communaut internationale n'a pas agi. Nous devons reconnatre que la justice ne prvaudra
que lorsque le gnral Ratko Mladi et Radovan Karadi seront apprhends, et nous ne devons
jamais oublier les horreurs qui ont frapp le peuple de Bosnie-Herzgovine [25].