NGHIN CU GIM DAO NG CHO TRC MY

S DNG B GIM DAO NG

RESEARH TO REDUCE VIBRATION FOR SHAFT OF MACHINES
USING THE REDUCED VIBRATION

Khng Don in1,2, V Xun Trng1, Trn Th Oanh3

1 Trng i hc S phm K thut Hng Yn
2 Hi C hc H Ni
3 Trng Trung cp Nng nghip & PTNT Hi Dng

Tm tt:
Bi bo nghin cu gim dao ng cho trc my s dng b gim dao ng. Bng vic thit lp
phng trnh dao ng ca trc my trong hai trng hp khi cha lp v c lp b hp th dao ng
thy r c tc dng ca b gim dao ng trong vic gim v tt dao ng ca trc my nhm hn ch
nh hng ca dao ng khng mong mun n kh nng lm vic ca trc my. T p dng thut ton
p
Runge - Kutta - Nystro m xc nh cc thng s ti u ca b gim dao ng vi tiu ch thi gian tt
dao ng l nh nht. Kt qu nghin cu c th p dng gim dao ng cho trc my ca cc my c kh
nhm nng cao tui th lm vic ca trc my.
T kha: Dao ng, B gim dao ng, Thng s ti u, Runge - Kutta - Nystro m . p
1.t vn Trong :
Da trn c s l thuyt v b gim dao f: s bc t do ca c h;
ng p dng vo vic tnh ton cho trc my vi T: ng nng ca c h;
dao ng ca trc l dao ng tun hon. Trn c s qi: Ta suy rng th i;
tm cc quan h gia cc thng s ca b gim dao qoi : Tc suy rng th i;
ng v s tt dn ca dao ng khng mong mun,
Q i : Lc suy rng ca cc lc c th ng
P
hon thin thm mt bc vo cc nghin cu ca
vi ta th i;
cc tc gi trc [5], [6], [7]. T , gip cho vic
Q i : Lc suy rng ca cc lc khng c th
*
chn cc phng n gim dao ng theo thit k.
ng vi ta th i;
2.C s l thuyt tnh ton
3. i tng v phng php nghin cu
2.1.S bc t do ca c h
i tng nghin cu: Trc my c khi
tnh s bc t do ca h, ta c th s
lng M, bn knh R dao ng theo quy lut
dng phng php thc hnh dng s php gi:
{ (t) = a sin ( ~t) ; trn mt dy cung cch tm O
S php gi cho c h cn bng ng bng s
ca trc my mt khong e ngi ta c lp mt b
bc t do ca c h [2], [3], [4]. Hoc s dng cng
gim dao ng gm mt khi lng m c khi tm
thc tnh s bc t do ca c h [9]:
l C v mt gim chn nht c h s cn l b (t l
nJ bc nht vi vn tc khi tm C ca khi lng m)
f = 3 (p - n J ) + /f Ji
(1)
v mt l xo c cng c.
i=1 Phng php nghin cu: S dng phng
trnh Lagrange loi II (dng gii tch hoc ma trn)
Trong : f l s bc t do ca c h phng,
thit lp h phng trnh vi phn chuyn ng
nJ l s lng cc khp ng trong c h v fJi l bc
ca c h m t dao ng ca h, t vi cc s
t do ca khp ng th i.
liu thc nghim ca trc my v thut ton Run-
ge-Kutta-Nystrom xc nh cc thng s ti u
2.2. Phng trnh Lagrange loi II
ca b gim dao ng.
Phng trnh Lagrange loi II (dng gii tch
hoc ma trn) thng c s dng thit lp h
4. Cc kt qu
phng trnh vi phn chuyn ng ca c h bt
4.1. Thit lp h phng trnh vi phn chuyn
k vi vic s dng cc ta suy rng c lp
ng ca c h
va [2], [3], [4]. Dng gii tch ca phng trnh
- Tnh s bc t do ca c h theo (1):
Lagrange loi II nh sau:
S khu ng p = 2, s khp ng nJ = 2
a k - 22Tq = Q iP + Q i* ; i = 1 .. f
d 2T
dt 2qoi
(2)
(trong c mt khp quay v mt khp trt).
i Khp quay c 01 bc t do, khp trt phng c

Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 02/2014 5

 y
s

C e
vr (t )

ve O x

vC

Hnh 1. M hnh ng lc hc Hnh 2. S phn tch vn tc

01 bc t do. ng nng ca c h:
Do , ta c: 2
nJ MR 2 1
T= o + m (so 2 + s2 {o 2 + e2 {o 2 + 2eso{o ) (9)
f = 3 (p - n J ) + /f Ii
4 { 2
i=1
- Tnh cc o hm:
= 3 (2 - 2) + (1 + 1) = 2
2T
- Chn ta suy rng c lp va l = ms{o 2 (10)
2s
dch chuyn tng i s ca khi lng m so vi
rnh trt ca trc my v gc quay { ca trc 2T
=0 (11)
my. p dng (2) ta c: 2{
2T
Z] d 2T = mso + me{o (12)
]] a k - 2T = Q {P + Q {* (3)
2so
dt 2{o 2{
[] d 2T
]] ` j - T = Q sP + Q s*
d 2T 2
(4)
= p+ p
dt ( 2so ) ms me{
(13)
] dt 2so 2s
\ 2T MR
2
- Tnh ng nng ca c h: = o+ 2o+ 2o+ o (14)
2{o 2 { ms { me { mes
T=T1+T2 (5)
=a + me 2 k {p +
trong : T l ng nng ca c h, T1 l ng nng
2
d 2T MR
ca trc my, T2 l ng nng ca khi lng m. dt ( 2{o ) 2 (15)
1 2 MR MR 2
2 2 + mesp + m (s 2 {p + 2sso{o )
T1 = o = o (6)
2{ 2 4 {
1 - Tnh lc suy rng:
(7)
2
T2 = 2 mv C
Hm th nng:
Vn tc ca im C (hnh 2): c 2
(16)
2 2
P = 2 s + mg sin (a + {) e + s + const
2 2 2
v = v + v + 2vr ve cos a
C r e
Suy ra:
e
= so 2 + (s 2 + e 2 ) {o 2 + 2so{o s 2 + e 2 2
s +e
2
P 2P s 2 2
Q { =- 2{ =- mg cos [arctan ( e ) + {] e + s
= so + (s + e ) {o + 2eso{o
2 2 2 2
(8) (17)

s s
2P e. cos [arctan ( e ) + {] + s. sin [arctan ( ) + {]
e
(18)
P
Q =- 2s =- cs - mg [
s 2 2
]
e +s
*
Q{ = 0 (19)
(20)
Q s = Fc =- b.so
*

6 Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 02/2014

 Thay cc s liu tnh ton t (10) n (20) vo (3) v (4) ta thu c h phng trnh vi phn
chuyn ng m t chuyn ng ca trc my c s dng b gim dao ng nh sau:
Z] MR2 s
]]( + me 2) {p + mesp + m (s 2 { + 2sso{o ) =- mg cos [arctan ( ) + {] e 2 + s 2
]] 2 e
[] s s (21)
]] e. cos [arctan ( e ) + {] + s. sin [arctan ( e ) + {]
]] msp + me{p - ms{o =- cs - mg [
2
2 2
] - bso
e +s
\

Thng s cng ngh ca trc my (m hnh

l thuyt):
M = 20 kg, g = 9.81 ms-2, R = 0.2 m, b = 2,
c = 0.5

4.2. Xc nh cc thng s ti u ca b gim

dao ng
- Xc nh v tr ti u (thng s e) ca b
gim dao ng:
Nh mt chng trnh c vit trn phn
mm Maple 18 (version 2014) da trn nn thut
ton Runge-Kutta-Nystrom, vi khi lng m = 2
kg, ta thu c kt qu nh sau:
Bng 1.
e (cm) (1) (2)
Hnh 4. th t, { (t) vi e = 15 cm
10 714 -0.01568

15 473 0.407165
18 340 0.489841

(1) Thi gian tt dao ng ca trc my (s)

(2) Gc khi tt dao ng ca trc my (Rad)

Hnh 5. th t, { (t) vi e = 18 cm

Nhn xt:
T kt qu bng 1 v cc th trn cc
hnh 3, 4, 5 nhn thy lp b gim dao ng trn
dy cung cng xa trc quay ca trc my th dao
ng tt cng nhanh (thi gian tt dao ng l nh
nht) v dao ng ca trc my c tt ti v tr
{ (t) ln dn.
Hnh 3. th t, { (t) vi e = 10 cm Trong cng ngh lp rp, ty vo tng iu
kin lp rp c th nu c th nn lp b gim dao
ng trn dy cung xa trc my nht nhanh

Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 02/2014 7

chng tt dao ng khng mong mun nhm nng
cao tui th lm vic cho trc my.
- Xc nh khi lng m ti u ca b gim
dao ng:
Nh mt chng trnh c vit trn phn
mm Maple, da trn nn thut ton Runge-Kutta-
Nystrom, vi v tr dy cung ti u c chn l e =
18 cm, ta thu c kt qu nh sau (bng 2):
(1) Thi gian tt dao ng ca trc my
(2) Gc { khi tt dao ng ca trc my
Bng 2.
m (1) (2)
1/10 M 340 0.4898413
1/15 M 48 2.3786333
1/20 M 102 1.9704354
1/30 M 164 1.5280123 Hnh 8. th t, { (t) vi m=1/20M

Hnh 6. th t, { (t) vi m=1/10M Hnh 9. th t, { (t) vi m=1/30M

Hnh 7. th t, { (t) vi m=1/15M
Nhn xt:
m
Gi b = M l h s t l gia khi lng
m ca b gim dao ng v khi lng M ca trc
my.
T kt qu bng 2 v cc th trn cc
hnh 6, 7, 8, 9 nhn thy rng khi b tng th dao
ng ca trc my s c tt ti v tr c gc { (t)
tng dn. Tuy nhin nhn thy rng h s b ti u
1 1
nht l: b op ! [ ... ] .
15 20
Nu khi lng m ca b hp th ln
s lm cho lc qun tnh cng tng theo. Do nh
hng ca lc qun tnh m dao ng ca trc my
khng nhng khng c tt nhanh m vn tip tc
c duy tr gy hi cho tui th ca trc my. Nu
khi lng m ca b hp th qu nh tn s dao
ng ring ca b hp th (h ph) khng trit
tiu dao ng ca h chnh l trc my. V vy i

8 Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 02/2014

vi trng hp ny, thng s ti u nht c a
ra l:
m 1 1 dao ng ca trc my. S dng phn mm ton
b op = M ! [ 15 ... 20 ]
5. Kt lun
Bng vic s dng phng trnh Lagrange
(dng gii tch) xy dng c chng trnh
Maple t ng ha thit lp h phng trnh vi
phn chuyn ng ca trc my trong hai trng
hp c lp v khng lp b gim dao ng m t
hc Maple 17 da trn nn thut ton Runge-Kutta-
Nystrom tm c cc thng s ti u ca b
gim dao ng t gp phn quan trng trong hn
ch nh hng ca cc dao ng khng mong mun
n bn v tui th lm vic ca trc my nhm
nng cao kh nng lm vic ca trc my.

Ti liu tham kho

[1]. Nguyn Thc An, Nguyn nh Chiu, Khng Don in, L thuyt dao ng, Nh xut bn
Nng Nghip, H Ni 2006, 176 trang.
[2]. Khng Don in (ch bin), Nguyn Thc An, Nguyn nh Chiu, Gio trnh C hc l
thuyt, Nh xut bn Xy dng, H Ni 2008 (ti bn 2011).
[3]. Khng Don in, V Xun Trng, Nguyn Duy Chinh, Phng php s trong C hc k
thut, Nh xut bn Khoa hc v K thut, H Ni 2014.
[4]. Khng Don in, ng Vit Cng, V Xun Trng, V c Phc, Gio trnh C hc k
thut, Nh xut bn Gio dc Vit Nam, H Ni 2013.
[5]. Nguyn ng Anh, Khng Don in, Nguyn Duy Chinh, Nghin cu gim dao ng ca h
con lc ngc c lp h thng gim dao ng TMD v DVA, Tuyn tp Cng trnh khoa hc, Hi
ngh C hc Ton quc ln th 8, H Ni ngy 6-7/12/2007, Tp 1: ng lc hc & iu khin, tr
53-62.
[6]. Khng Don in, Nguyn Duy Chinh, Nghin cu dao ng ca h con lc ngc c lp t
h thng gim dao ng TMD, Tp ch Khoa hc cng ngh xy dng s 4/2007, tr 17-23.
[7]. Khong Doan Dien, Nguyen Duy Chinh, Optimal parameters of vibration reduction system
TMD-D and DVA for an inverted pendulum type structure, Vietnam Journal of Mechanis, VAST,
Vol. 32, No 1 (2010), pp.59-69.
[8]. Khng Don in, V Xun Trng, Phng php s trong ng lc hc, Tp ch Khoa hc
v Cng ngh, ISSN 2354-0575, S 1/2014, pp.7-11.
[9]. Nguyn Vn Khang, ng lc hc h nhiu vt, Nh xut bn khoa hc v k thut, H Ni
2007.

Abstract:
This article presents to reduce vibration for shaft of machines using the reduced vibration. By set-
ting equations of vibration in two cases: assembly and non-assembly the reduced vibration to see clearly
the effects of the reduced vibration in reducing vibrations of shaft to minimize the effects of unwanted vi-
brations to ability to work of shaft. Since then, applying the algorithm to determine the optimal parameters
of the the reduced vibration according to the vibration time off is minimum. Results can be applied to reduce
vibration for shaft of machines to improve the working life of the machines.
Keywords: Vibration, Reduced vibration, Optimal parameters.

Ngi phn bin: GS.TSKH. Nguyn Vn Khang

Khoa hc & Cng ngh - S 02/2014 9