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    29 views62 pages

    tcvn10837 2015 493

    Uploaded by

    Vagabond Huynh
    tcvn10837_2015_493

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    TIEU CHUAN QUOC GIA 4) 2 i< iz TCVN 10837:2015 ISO 4309:2010 Xuat ban lan 1 CAN TRUC - DAY CAP - BAO DUONG, BAO TRi, KIEM TRA VA LOAI BO Cranes ~ Wire ropes ~- Care and maintenance, inspection and discard HA NOI - 2015 TCVN 10837:2015 ‘Myc luc Loi ni ad Lei gidi thi. 1. Pham vi 6p dung... 2 Tailidu vien din. 3. Thudt ngtr va inh ghia. 4 Béotr va bdo dudng 44 42 4.3. D&cép va bao quan cép..... 4.4 Trang thai c&p true khi lap ¢3t 4.5 Lap Get cap, 4.6 Chay thy c&p méi... 47 Baoti cép.. 4.8 Bao trl cdc bd phan can truc lién quan dén cap .. 5 Kidm tra, 5.1. Quy éinh chung Ag 5.2. Kibm tra hang ngay bing quan sit... 20 53 20 5.4 Kiém tra sau sy CB. 5.5 ibm tra sau khodng thoi gian cn true ngimg host dng... ia 5.6 ‘Kibm tra khéng phé hiy.... oo 2d 6 Tidu chi logi bd... 24 6.1 Quy dinh chung, 6.2 ~66 soi dit quan 6.3. BQ glam durdng kinh cdp . t due... 6.4 Sy gBy Git 190 CAP ence TCVN 10837:2015 6.5 Anmén.. = sh Phy luc A (Tham khdo) Céc vang quan trong yéu chu kiém tra dc bigt chat chi Phy lye B (Tham Khéo) Ga dang hu héng ifn hinh... Phu lye C (Tham kh&o) _Kibm tra bén trong C€P..nensm Phy lye D (Tham khdo) Cc vi dy ign hinh va bién ban kiém tra . Phu luc E (Tham khdo) Thong tin hGeu ich va hur héng cp va tidy chi ogi bd... Phy luc F (Tham khdo), Bénh gi anh huang ting hep cia trang thai cép va méfe a nghiém trong — Mat phurong phdp.. 54 Phy luc G (Tham khdo) Vi dy va tiét dién cép va 86 higu ching loai cap ttrong tng (RCN)... oP Phu lye H (Tham khdo) Hudng din anh gia va xép hang mdn ben Ngo. ‘Thu myc tai ligu tham khdo ..... Léi néi dau TCVN 10837:2018 hoan foan twang dang véi ISO 4309-2010. TCVN 10837:2015 do Ban kf thuat tiéu chudn quéc gia TCVN/TC 96 Can cdu bitn soan, Tang cye Tiéu chudn Bo Iuéng Chdt lugng 48 nghi, BO Khoa hoc va Cong ngh@ cong bb. TCVN 10837:2015 TCVN 10837:2015 Loi gi6i thigu ay cép trong cn tryc dug coi nh mét thanh phn bj titu hao, yéu cu thay thé khi két qua kiém tra chi ra tinh trang cia né‘det-dén diém gidi han ma néu tiép tue si” dung sé l& khong thén trong theo quan diém an toan. Bang céch tuan theo céc nguyén téc d& tdn tal lau dai nhu mé ta trong tiéu chudn nay, kat hop v6i cae chi dln bd sung ey thé cla nha sn xudt cin truc, palling va/ho&c nha sdn xudt cap, diém gidi hen nay ‘88 khéng bao gid bl vot qua. Ngoai ra, dé bao quat chi dln vd bao quan, xir Ij, ldp G8t va bao tr d& duoc gidi thitu lan day tién trong ln sodt xét cubi,tidu chudn nay cng cung cp cde tiéu chi logl b& a1 véi cép chay cubn nhibu lp khi ma cd kinh nghiém thyc t va thir nghiém dau cho théy sy hu héng cép tai céc ving cép chéo trén tang lon hon dang ké so v6i cde dogn cp kha trong hg théng. Tiéu chudn nay cfing eung cAp cdc tiéu cht lo9i bd thy tb hon bao gdm sy gidm avéng kinh cp va gn mén, cung chp mot phuong phap danh gid téc dong két hgp lén hu héng tai vi tri bat ky ca cap. (Céc tidu chi foal bd cung ep trong tidu chudn nay, khi dug 4p dung ding 88 duy tri duge giéi han an ‘oan cn thi. Vige khéng thiva nhén ching o6 thé din dn hu hel, nguy hiém va hy héng lon, ‘6 hd tre phan bigt nguti c6 trach nhigm “bao dung va bao trl" voi nguei 6 trach nhigm “Kiem tra va {ogi bs", cdc quy trinh dug tach bigt mot céch thich hop. TIEU CHUAN QUOC GIA TCVN 10837:2015 Can truc - Day cap - Bao duéng, bao tri, kiém tra va loal bd Cranes - Wire ropes ~ Care and maintenance, inspection and discard 4 Pham vi dp dung Tiéu chudn nay quy dinh cde nguyén the chung vé bao duéng, bao tri, kidm tra va logi bé day cp thep_ ‘sit dyng trong cn tryc va palling. Tigu chudn nay ap dung cho day cép sir dung trong cc loai cin truc sau day (phan lén duge dinh ghia trong TCVN 8242-1 (ISO 4306-1): a) cn rye cap va edn tye cap dang céng: b) cn tye cong xdn (trén cbt, trén twéng hod cn try trén nn at), ©) edn tyctau thoy: 4) cn tec ebt bubm va cdn truc e6t bubm kibu cap ching; ) edn trye obt bubm kibu chan edng: N cdntrye nb; 9) cn tye ty hanh; h) edu tryc; ) cau tye chan a6 va ban chan a; J) cn true chan 8 va bén chin a; K) cd tryc dung sit; 1) cn trye tha; 1m) cdi trye ngodl khoi (cn true ldp tn ede kbt chu ob dinh a bdi Gay biEn hoe Ip trén cde Khdi ndi a8 béi cc phao). Tidy chudn nay ap dung cho cap trén cdc cn tryc st dung méc treo, gu ngoam, nam cham, gau mic, Au dao, lui gat, dla nding, durgc ven hanh bang tay, bing din hay thiy Ive. Tigu chudn nay cing ap dung cho cap ding cho cae paling hodc kh6i paling TCVN 10837:2015 ‘Thue té cho thy vige sit dung day xodn ti si vat itu téng hop hode day thép két hop vai kip boc bing vat ligu t8ng hop 3 khéng urge khuyén khich khi cudn mét lop lén tang béi vi khéng thé trénh Guge vide Git nhibu soi phia trong trude khi c6 cée du higu thay dude cia vike AH sof ho’ mon ang ke trén mat ngodi cép, cc tidu chi loai bd khong quy inh cho su két hop nay. 2 Tai figu vign din Cac tai ligu vign dn sau rét cn thiét cho viéc ap dyng tiéu chudin nay. 61 voi cac tai liu vién din oo ghi n&m cing bé thi p dung phién ban duge néu. B41 voi cae tai ligu vign d&n khong ghi nam céng bb thl 4p dung phién ban méi nhdt, bao gdm cd cdc siza dBi, bd sung (néu cé). 1SO 17893, Stee! wire ropes ~ Vocabulary, designation and classification (Day cép thép - Ti vung, ky bigu va phén lop). 3. Thuat ngG va dinh nghia Trong tiéu chudn nay sty dung thu@t ng@ va dinh nghia trong ISO 17893 va cae thuat ngt, inh nghTa sau 34 Bwong kinh danh nghla (nominal diameter) g Budng kinh theo 46 a6 ky higu cép, 3.2 Buong kinh do (measured diameter) duéng kinh thye té (actual diameter) dn id tr trung binh cia 86 do hai dvéng kinh vudng géc vei nhau cla vong trén ngoai tidp tt dién cap. 33 ‘eng kinh thar chigu (reference diameter) Gn ‘Dung kinh the té ea phan cép khéng chiu ubn, dirge do ngay sau khi cép bi dU. (CHU THIGH: Bung Kish ndy duge siz dung lam co'sb cho sy gidm dbu dutng kin. a ‘Vang cép ehéo (cross-over zone) Phan cp tring voi ving chéo nhau cla cdc vong cudn khi cap rai trén tang hoac chuyén tr I6p nay sang lp khac tai gé tang, 10 TCVN 10837:2015 38 Vong cudn (wrap) Mot vong cla cdp quanh tang. 38 Tang cép (reel) True cudn 06 gd trén 66 cap durge cubn vao 48 van chuyén ho8e bao quan. 37 idm tra djnh ky day c&p (wire rope periodic inspection) idm tra chuyén sau b&ng nhin va do cép; dénh gi trang thal bén trong cap ndu e6 thé thyc hign CCHU THICH: Bidu nay a8 kt é8n dg gel “ibm trata 38 Nguoi c6 thdm quydn (competent person) - Nguoi cé kidn thibe va kinh nghiém v8 day cép sir dung trén cn truc va paling 6é anh gid trang thal ola cap, thy hign dua ra quyét dinh lieu cép edn 6 thé sir dung v8 quy dinh Khoang théi gian lon nhdt gifra cac lan kiém tra. ‘Dirt sgi ving 1dm {valley wire break) it soi xubthign tai diém tibp xtc gidra céc tao cap hoae ving 16m gid hal tao cép phia ngodi ‘CHU THICH: Bot soi hia ngodl ecng xulthign trong ep iv HRA gta cdc ving Khe, gbm cd 61 sof 6 a9, etng eb 1m xt hu 608891 vg 16m. 3.40 Mac 49 nghiém trong (severity rating) “Téng hu héng duge tinh béing phan trém so véi lal 66 CHU THICH: Vige dénn gia c6 thd lita quan abn mbt hinh thie hy hdng ev thé, vi dy dit sai hoge gidm duéng kinh, hose su ‘két hop nhiéu hinh this hu hdng, vi dy ditt soi va gkdm dudng kinh, 4 Bao tri va bao dudng 4.1 Quy djnh chung Khi Khéng 06 chi dn trong huéng din str dung cla nha san xuét cn tryc hoe chi dn khée cla nha ‘sp xudt hogc nha cung cp cap, thi phdl tuan theo cée nguyén tc chung tl 4.2 6&n 4,7, 4.2 Thay chp Phai ding e4p 6ting chidu dai, durdng kinh, két cfu, kibu va chidu ta0 va d6 ban (live kéo dt nhé nhat) nhu quy dinh tla nha sdn xudt edn trye 48 Idp Ién cn tric ngoal trir cdc logi cép thay thé duge chap: " TCVN 10837:2015 ‘thugn bdi nha sn xudit cn tryo, nha sn xudt cdp hofe ngudi o6 thas quydn. Bién ban thay c4p phai uc iwu trong hd so. ‘Trung hp cép chéng xodn cb Gudng Kinh iin can phai 4p dung ede bign phap bd sung 8 bao ve du cap, vi dy bing céch sir dung mat néi thép, dc bigt khi chudn bj m&u dé thir. NNéu chidu dai doan cép cin sir dung due cat tir doen cap dai hon, vi dy ti tang cép eda nha sn xubt, phai dp dung chéng x8 cép tai c& hai bén idm ct 48 chéng cép bi t& ra (bi théo so/) sau khi ct Hinh 4 a vi dy v8 cach chéng xb cép mot lop trvdc khi c&t. BS) voi cap chéng xo8n va eép bén song ‘song cé thé cdn chéng x8:v6i chidu dai nhidu fn hon. Béi véi cép chi durge dinh hinh nhe cAp dB bi te ra sau khi cit ndu viée chéng x8 cép khéng ding ho&c khéng au. (CHO THIGH: Chéng x8 eép 66 kh doe xam oh "bute dy hai ding ding kiéu quy dinh trong hung d&n str dung ota nha san xubt cn truc a 06 dinh du cép én tang, eym méc treo ho&e diém neo trén két chu may. C6 dinh dau edp theo kidu khde cht duge Sp dung khi c sy chp thudn cla nha sén xudt cin truc, nha san xual cp ho&e ngudi cé thém quyén, 12 Land angt= 2d TCVN 10837:2015 Hinh 1 —Chéng xd cap truréc khi ct déI vol cap mot lop TCVN 10837:2015 4.3. D& chp va bio quan cép 86 tranh sy of vashodc hu hang cp phai cn thn khi dé op. Khang durge lam roi cudn e&p hode tang 4p, cOng nhu khéng éuge va dp ching vei mde thép howe nia ea xe nang hog bdt ky ngogi lye nao cé thé lam hu héng hodc bién dang cép. (Cp phdi due bdo quan trong kho mat, kh6 va khéng cho phép tiép xic véi san. Cp khéng duge a no’ dB bi anh hueng cia héa chét, hoi héa chét, hoi nude hoe cdc ehdt an mon kh Néu bao quan ngoai trdi, cap phai urge boc 48 hoi dm khdéng thé gay an mon. Cap dang bao quin trong kho phai duzge kiém tra dinh ky abl v6i bat ky cu higu hu dng nao nhu an mon be mat, va néu ngudi cé thdm quydn xét thdy cn thiét thi phai phd cap bling chdt bdo quan hoge chdt bi tron phi hop, tong thich véi chat bdi tron tir nha san xudt cap. Trong méi trréng néng, tang cap phai due xoay niva véng dinh kj 68 ngan ngiva sy tiéu hao chdt boi tron trong cap. 4.4 Trang thai cép true khi lap agt Trude khi ldp dat cap, va t6t nhdt | trong khi tiép han, phai kiém tra cdp va chiing chi cdia cép dé cam bdo cap phi hop nhw dat hang. 6 ban oda c4p si dung cho cn tryc pha khdng thdp hon so véi quy dinh clia nha sn xuét. ‘uéng kinh cap méi phdi durgc do véi c&p khdng chiu kéo va phai [uu gid tri do duge. Kidm tra trang thai cia tht cd cde puly va r&nh tn tang 48 dam bdo ching cb kha nang tiép nhgn kich thuéc cla cép méi, khong cb bat ky didu bat thuréng nao, vi dy nhu bi gon séng, va cap cén a0 chidu day chiu t2i mot cach an toan, 86 cb hoat dong t6i wu, dung kinh higu dung ca rénh cp phai lon hon duéng kinh danh nghia ela cap khodng 5 % dén 10 %, va sé Ia ly tuéng néu len hon It nhdt 1% so voi dvdng kinh thye té cua 8p méi 4.5 Lapaatcap hi théo va/hodc khi Ip &t cdp, phal ngan ngiva viéc cép ty cubn vao hode thi ra. Néu didu nay xdy ra 06 thé gay nén cde ving xodin, nut tht hoc bj gp lam cho c&p khéng cin thich hyp cho si dung. Dé ngan ngva cae hign twong nay. cép phai duge rai trén duréng théng v6i it nhdt cde doan bj ching (xem Hinh 2). ‘Cap duoc cung cép dang cudn phdi lp lén ban quay va rai thing. Tuy nhién voi cudn ngdn, dau cép_ 16 ngodi cb thé a8 ty do va cudn edp cdn Iai c6 thé lan trén san (xem Hinh 2.0) Cép khong duge rai ra bing céch théo c&c ving cép khi cubn cdp hodc tang cap dt phdng trén san hoc béng cdich lin tang cép trén san (xem Hinh 3) 14 TOVNN 10837:2015 Véi cdc dogn cép duge ly tir tang cap, phai 43t tang cap va gid dé hose 68 cba nd xa nhdt cb thé di voi cdn truc hoa paling nhém gidi han anh huéng cla gée l@ch @ mirc thép nhét dé tranh cae higu ing xoay khong mong muén. Can chéng kha nang xm nhap cla byi ho&e chat ban khéc bang cach kéo cp trén phuong tign thicn hop, (vi dy bang tdi cao su), thay vi kéo cap tryc tiép trén san. Chi j rdng tang cap 06 thé quay véi quai tinh ton, khi 66 cn kidm soat d& glam tbe dO ra cfip. Bi voi cdc tang cép bé thudng 66 thé dat doc bang c&ch st dung phanh don gin (xem Hinh 4). Cac tang ‘cap lon cé quan tinh I6n mi khi chdng bit d&u quay va phai duge phanh chéc chén, Trong thyc t8 néu cé:th8, phai bao dam cap Iudn udn theo cing mét chidu khi lp Gat, vi dy rai cép tir phia trén tang cap én phia tran tang cia cn tryc hod paling (goi la kidu “trén-trén") node tir phia ‘duéi tang cép dén phia du¢i tang eva cin tryc hoa paling (gol la kidu “durdi-duéi"). Vi dy vé kidu ri chp “dubi-duoi xem Hinh 4 a) Ti cugn cép Hinh 2—Quy trinh rai day cap dang 15 TCVN 10837:2015 b) Tir tang cép Hinh 2~ Quy trinh rai day cdp ding (két thic) a) Twcugn cap Hinh 3 - Quy trinh rai day e4p sai ©) Tirtang c4p Hinh 3 - Quy trinh ral day c&p sal (két thio) TCVN 10837:2015 TCVN 10837:2015 Hinh.4 ~ Vi dy vd chuyén cap tiv phia dwdi tang cap dén phia dui tang (cida cin tryc) c6 kidm soat lye cng Voi cp ouén nhidu lop, trong qua trinh Idp dat cAn cng trude cép wei lye twong dong 2.5 % dén 5 % luc kéo Gut cép téi thidu. Didu 66 sé giip bao ddm lép cép duéi cling dugc cuén chdt, tao nén ong chic cho cfc 6p tip theo. Phai tuan theo huéng d&n cia nha’sén xudt vb 6 dinh Cu cap len tang va cdc mdi neo cap bén goa. Phai phéng ngiza cap co xat voi cdc bd phan trén c&n true hode palang trong qua trinn fp dat. 4.6 Chay thi cap mél ‘True khi Gua cép vao sir dung, nguéi sir dung phai cho chén rang cdc thiét bi gibi han va thiét bj ch? béo lién quan 48 van hanh ding. Nh&m mu éich cho phép c&c thanh phan day ditu chinh tét hon véi trang thai hoat Ging binh thuéng, ngudi van hanh can tryc phai gidm bét van téc va gidm tai cho mot s6 chu ky van hanh (tie 1a gidm én 40 % t&i trong cho phép). 4.7 Bao tri cép Bao trl c4p phai thyc hign tuong tng véi loai cn tryc, thn sudt lam viée ca ching, didu kién mdi trvdng va logi cap. Trong vong ddi cap va tude khi thay bat ky déu higu nao cla viée khd nuit ho&e n men, dc bit & nhimg 6oan di chuy&n qua ranh puly hoac di vao, di ra khdi tang va nhing doan trén puly cdn bang cp phai durgc bai tron dinh kj theo quy inh cia ngudi o6 thdm quyn. Trong mdt s6 tng hop, ob thé phai lm sach cap truée khi thye hin béi tron dé dat higu qua. Bai tron cp phai tong thich véi chét bai tron géc 64 thyc hign béi nha sn xuat c4p va phai c6 cdc dc tinh r6 rang. Néu loai cht bai tron khéng duge quy dinh trong huéng din sir dung cin tryc, nguéi ‘si dung phil tim huréng din tir nha cung cdp cdp hoc nha sdn xudt day cdp. 18 TCVN 10837:2015 Tubi tho ciza cap ngén o6 kha nang do thiéu bdo trl, dae biét néu cdn tryuc hoae toi lam vide trong mdi trudng dB mai mén hoae do ly do nao d6 khéng thé thyc hign bel tron cép. Trong cac trueng hop nay, khodng thdi gian gitra cc I&n kiém tra phai dug rit ngén. 188 trénh hu héng cue bd, c6 thé do cc soi dit nhd ra qué nhieu khdi cap va chen eée sei Khac khi cp 61 qua puly, phai log bé’ phn nhd ra bang cach kep vao (cdc) du soi nhd ra va bé di bé Iai (xem Hin 5) cho dén khi dit (va lubn & phan rinh gia céc tao cép). Khi sgi dat dusgc logi khdi cép nh mot phan olla céng vige bao tr, vi tf cla né phai Guvye ghi lai 68 6 theng tin cho nguei kiém tra cép, Néu thye hign thao tac nay, nd phai durge dém nhu mot sgi dat va duge tinh én khi xem xét tigu chi Jogi bé cap lién quan d&n 96 soi dit. hi thdy cde s9i dit gn sat ho8e & vi trl dau ob dinh cép, nhung cép khéng bj anh hung trén chidu dai cla né, cép c6 thé dug thu ng’n va cb din lal. Trurée khi thyc hign dieu dé, phn chidu dai edn lai cia day cép phdi due kiém tra a8 ch&c chén rlng you cdu ve s6 vong eép t8i thidu vn dam bao tren tang trong giéi han lam vigc lon nhat ca c&n truc. Hinh § — Logi bé cae sql nhd ra 4.8 Bao tri cdc bé ph§n can tryc lién quan dén cap BB sung thém ve viée tun thd dc chi dan trong hyéng d&n sir dung cn trye, phi kiém tra dinh ky tang cudn cap va cae puly 68 dam bao ching quay ty do trén cdc géi d& ching. ‘Cae puly hoe con lin khéng tron hog bj Ket, mn nhidu va min khong du kim cap bi mai mon nhanh. Puly cn bang khéng higu qua cé thé lam tng sy khdc nhau vé Ive cang trén cdc nhanh cép. 5 Kiém tra 5.1 Quy djnh chung Khi shong c6 chi dn trong huéng dn st dung cla nha sn xuét cin trye hode huréng dn khae cia nha sn xudt hoe nha cung ¢4p cap, thi phdi tuan theo ce nguyén tde chung tt 6.2 dén 5.5. 19 TCVN 10837:2015 5.2 Kiém tra hang ngay bang quan sat it nhBt nhing doon ep kam vige'dy kidn kidm tra phai duge quan sat hang ngay 68 phat hign moi hu ning chung hod hur héng ca Khi. Phai bao gbm ed cde dibm libn ke cAp lén cl tc (xem Hin 1.2). Cép cling phai kidm tra 48 dam bao ndm ding vi tl trén tang va trén (cdc) puly va khang bi x8 dich Khoi vi til lim vigc binh thuréng eda nb. Moi sy thay di trang thai déng ké cla cap phai duge lap bao cdo va cap phai duge kiém tra bbi nguéi -¢6 thdm quyén quy dinh trong 5.3. Néu 06 bat ky sy thay dino va lp dat, vi dy khi cn truc chuyén dén céng trurdng moi va lép dat Iai, cap phai durge kiém tra bang quan sat nhu md ta trong didu Khoan nay. CHO THIGH: Ngudt Iaingubi vtn hd cn ive cb thd Guge chi nh tye hin vibe Kim ta héng ngBy nu dave A too Cy ava aug xem xet nr ngudi ed thm quybn thy hen wide nay, 5.3. Kidm tra djnh ky 5.3.4 Quy éinh chung idm tra Ginh ky phi duxge thy hig b6% ngubi cd thm quyén, Thang tin thu durge ty kibm tra dinh ky dug si dung a8 quyét dinh c&p cn trye 2) 66 thé gi Iai sir dung an toan va thdi glan mugn nh&t cba ln kidm ta tibp theo, hoa 'b) can loai bé ngay lp tirc hodc trong khoding thei gian quy dinh. “Théng qua phuong phép anh gid thich hop, tue 1a bing céch am, cde phureng tign quan sat valhode Go, mirc 4 nghiém trong cla hy héng éuge dnh gid va dug tinh bang phan trim (vi dy: 20 %, 40 9%, 60 %, 80 % ho&c 100 %) d6i voi mot tibu chi loai bé cu thé, ho&e bang nhan xét (vi dy nhe, trung binh, nghiém trong, rét nghiém trong ho&e phai loai ba. (Moi hur héng ¢6 thé xudt hign trén cap truréc khi ching duge chay thir va Ova vao sik dung phai duc ‘anh gid bgi ngudi cé thm quyén va c&c quan sat phai dvgc ivy bién ban Danh sch cde dang hu héng thuéng gap va liu ching c6 thé durge dinh long (bing cdeh dém hode 60) ho&e Ia 66i tvong dénh gia (bing céch quan sAt) cia ngudi cé thdm quyn cho trong Bang 1. 20 TCVN 10837:2015 Bang 1 — Cac dang hu hng va phuong phép danh gia Dang hy héng Phuong phép danh gla 86 soi dit quan sat duge (gém ca cdc soi phan bé ngdu nhién, | Bm gom nhém eye b6, &it soi ving 6m va & ving hose gan ving ob inh Gu cép) Gidm dudng kinh cép (do mén/mai mén, mén phia trong hoac do | Bo hu héng 161 cp) | Hang tao cép Quan sit“ [An mon (phia ngoai, phia trong va an mon ma sat) Quan sat 1 Bién dang {Quan sét va do (dai s6ng)_| Hu héng co khi__ Quan sat Hu héng do nhiét (bao gdm cd hd quang dig) ‘Quan sat J ‘Mot 86 vi dy vé dang hu héng dién hinh xem trong Phy lye B. 5.3.2 Tan sudt Tan sudt kiém tra dinh ky phai duge xac dinh béi ngudi cé thm quyén, it nhdt phai tinh dén cde van 8 sau: 8) Cc yéu edu theo luat phap nha nurée &p dung trong st? dung: b) Logi cn tryc va didu kién mdi truenig nei van hanh; ©) Nhém ché 4 tam vige cia co du; 4) Cac két qua ca (nhOng) ln kiém tra true; «) Kinh nghigm c6 duge ti kiém tra cép cla cdc cn tryc 06 thé so sénh; {) Khoding thd’ gian cap 68 due sir dung: g) Tan suat sir dung, CHU THICH 1: Ngu@i co thdm quyn c6 th8 thdy phai than trong dé bat du ho8c dé nghi thn sult kibm tra cao thom so v6i yeu edu ela lust Ginh, Quyét éinh nay ob thé phy thude vao kidu va t&n sual lam vigc. B&ng thei, tay thude vao trang thai cba cép tal m&i thoi dim vamhods tly theo sy thay dBi tinh hibng, hu ob sy cb hode sy thay 6di didu kin Lam vige, ngudi cé thm quyn e6 thé cho ring cd thiét phai gldm hoge 48 nghi gig Khoéng thi gian gia cdc dn kid tra CHU THIGH 2: N6i chung, vige dot soi phat win nhanh hon khi cép céng-siy dung leu so vei c&p & gia oon du CHU THICH 3: Hai vi du v8 tc 69 tang $6 501 Gi¢ theo thai gian xem Hinh 6. 2 TCVN 10837:2015 CHU DAN X_ thoi gian, tinh bang sb chu trinh YY. 86 soi dit ngBu nhien tren mot don vidal 1 capt 2 cap2 Hinh 6 - Vi dy vé téc 46 tang 86 soi dirt 5.3.3 Pham vi kiém tra MBi soi cép phai duce kiém tra subt doc chidu dai. Tuy nhién, trong truémg hep chidu dai lon va theo suy xét cla ngubi c6 thm quybn, c6 thé chi kim tra phdn chidu dai cdp lam vige cong voi It nhdt 5 véng c&p trén tang. Trong truéng hop nay va khi chidu dai lam vige Ién hen 8 duge dy kién sau ln kidm tra traéc v8 ngay true lan kiém tra nay thi phan eép ting thém phai duge kim tra trudc khi sir dung ‘Tuy nhién, phai dic bigt cha ¥ t6i cac khu vy va vi trl quan trong sau day: a) cb dinh cap trén tang: b) tht cd cdc doan cap cubi va ngay sat gan céc doan naj ) tat ca cde dogn cap di qua mot hoge nhieu puly; .d) tt ed cc doan cép di qua thiét bi chi bao tai an toan ma cac puly tao thanh; €) tt cd cde Goan cap di qua cum méc; f) trong trréng hop en true thye hign ec thao tac I8p le, tht cd cée doan cp nm trén puly Kh cn truc & trang thai chiu tai; ‘gy"mét phan cap nam trén puly can bang: h) tht cd cdc doan cép di qua thist bj r3i cap; 1) cc doan cap cubn trén tang, dc biét & ving edp chéo lidn quan én cubn nhieu iep; 22 TCVN 10837:2015 J) tat cd c&e doan cép bi mai mon bdi céc 461 tvong ngoai (vi dy rai cap chéo); ) tt of ede doa cép bi pho hist. CHU THICH: Cc khu vie yu cau phai kidm tra dc bidt, xem Phy luc A. Néu ngudi cd thdm quyén.xét thy cn thiét phi m& eép a8 xéc minh xem eb hu héng bén trong khéng thi phdi thyc hign vai sy cn trong dac biét d& tranh lam héng ¢4p (xem Phy lye C). 5.3.4 Kidm tra tj vj tr! hoe gan vi tt c6 din abu cép Phai kidm tra cép tai vi ti gan 06 dinh du dp, d3¢ biel noi né dl vo, vi tai day cép dB bi dtH soi do da0 dong va céc anh hubng cia t&i dong khéc va &n mon tay thudc vo tinh treng mél trxdng. Mot 26 tham a bing doi nhon c6 thé thyc hign dé xéc minh xem 06 sy N64 Iéng ca soi nao khong, dy don ‘v8 sy tn tai cla cde soi dit bén trong ch8 ob dinh dau cap. C6 dinh dau c&p cing phai duoc kiém tra xem e6 bi bién dang hay mén qué mirc khéng. Ngoai a, phai kiém tra bang quan sat cdc ng kep sir dung dé 8 dinh Khuyén ho8e vong méc a8 xem cob vat nt vat ldu hay 6 su treet gitra éng kep v8 cép hay khéng. Phai kidm tra c&c 6 dinh dau cép théo dugc nhy éng chém ébi xing vé sy xudt hién cla cdc soi dit tai vi tri lidn kd Idi cp vao va kidm tra 8 xem c6 inh ddu cép c6 duge ldp ding hay khéng. Phai kiém tra cdc dau néi khuyén cap dé xem ligu dng kep c6 ndm chi & phan odn cia du nbi, dibu nay cho phép kiém tra dugc cdc soi dirt & phan cén lai cia dau nbi bing quan sat 6.3.6 Bién ban kiém tra ‘Sau mBi lan kiém tra inh kj, ngu’i c6 thm quyén phai cb bién ban kiém tra cép (cdc'vi dy éién hin xem Phy Ic D) va dinh thoi han t6i da dén in kiém tra dinh ky ké tidp. Tt nhkt nén iwu gtr bién ban kibu itn tibp (xem O.2). 6.4 Kiém tra sau sy cb Néu sy ob xdy ra c6 thé gay héng cap vasho’e phan ob dinh Gdu cap thi phai kiém tra cap vashoae cb inh ddu cap nh mé ta trong phan kiém tra dinh ky (5.3) trade khi bt ddu hoat dng lei hoe tun theo yéu edu eda ngudi cé thdm quyén. CHU THICH: 6i voi ne théng 16% sir dung. cép kép thudng phai thay cé hel cép mgc du chi mot cép cn phai loai 'b8 do cap moi Kym hon cap cbn ial va eUng 6 Cac tinh gian d8l khdc nhau, c& hai ditu nay du dah hung len 18ng iuong cap cudn tn tang 6.6 Kiém tra sau khoding théi glan édn true nging hogt dong Néu cdn truc ngi¢ng host 6éng trong théi gian nhidu hon 3 thang thi phai kiém tra c4p nhu kiém tra Ginh ky duge m6 ta trofig 5.3 tree khi bt dau hoat ong Iai 23 TCVN 10837:2015 5.6 Kiém tra khong pha hay idm tra khbng pha hiy (NDT) bling cdc phurong tign dign ti c6 thé sir dung 48 tro gidp kibm tra bang Quan sét nhim xc dinh vi tri nhding doan edp bj hur hang. Néu dy dinh tién hinh kiém tra khéng phé hhdy bing cdc phuong tign dign ti tal mot s6 thot didm trong ving 4bi cia cép thi phai tién hanh tn ‘du sém nhbt o6 thé (06 thé tir nha sn xudt odp, trong qué trinh idp hod tét nhdt 18 sau khi tp cp) 64 lam thdi iém méc (con goi la "ch ky cp") cho cde so sdnh trong tuong lai, 6 Tiéu chilogi bé 6.4 Quy dink chung Khi khéng o6 cht d&n trong huréng dn sir dung cia nha sdn xudt edn trye hod chi din ea nha san xubt hog nha cung c&p'cdp, thi phai ap dung tiu chi logi b& riéng tir 6.2 d&n 6.6 (cde thdng tin co 88 ‘hou Ich 48 hi tro cdc tibu chi nay xem Phy lye E) Do hu héng cp thurtng fa két qua cia tb hop nhidu dang hy héng tai cig vi tf cép, ngudi ob thd quybn phai dénh gid “anh hudng, két hop", mot trong c&e phurong phép nay duge md ta trong Phy Wve F, Nu vi mét nguyén han bat ky lam téc 6 hy hing cdp thay ébi déng ké thi nguyén nhan nay phai uae nghién cou va khi ¢6 thé thi phai thye hign cing vee higu chinh, Trong ede trong hop rét 6b bigt, ngudi 6 thm quyn cé thé quyét dinh loai bd cép hodec sika dBi tidu chi loai bd cép, vi dy gidm tr 36 cho phép eta 86 sql dit quan sat duoc. Trong ede trudng hop kh chi mot phan tung di ngin cia cép (so voi c& chidu dal cap) bi hu hdng, Agudi 6 thdm quyén cé thé quyét dinh khong thay cd soi c4p, véi didu kién 1d phan cdp oi nh hudéng 66 thd fogi bé mét cich thda dang va phn cdn lai vin & trang thai can str dung duoc. 6.2 86 sqi dit quan sit duge 6.2.4 Tidy chi vd sé sgl dit quan sat dye Tiéu chi logi bé d6i véi cdc ban chdt khde nhau vd ¢6 soi Girt quan sat dure phai theo quy dinh trong Bang 2. 24 TCVN 10837:2015 Bang 2~ Tiéu chi logi bé vé 66 spl éut quan sat dugc Ban chat vé 86 sgl dat quan sat duge Tiéu chi logl bo 1 [Soi dat xudt hign ngBu nhién trong céc | Xem Bang 3 Gbi vei cap mot Iép va cap Goan cdp di qua mot hay nhidu puly va cuén | bén song song va Bang 4 di voi cap vao ho&e ra Khéi tang cudn mdt lop cp | chéng xan. ho&e xubt hign trong c&c doan c&p ngay gan ving cap chéo déi voi tang cubn nhidu l6p*. 2 | NROm eve 6 cc soi di trong doan cép | Néu nhém tép trung tal mét ho&e hai tao khong cuén vao ho8e ra khéi tang, ‘cp canh nhau thi cé thé pha loai bd ep, mae di 86 soi Gut it hon gid tr d&m trén chibu dai 8d cho trong Bang 3 va Bang 4. 3 | Dat soi ving tem* 86 soi dit a hal hoe nhibu hen tren mot bude bén (chidu dal gin bang 64) 4 | Bot sai tai cé dinh dau cap. 86 soi détt 18 hai ho&e nhigu hon. | *Vidy din hinh xem Hinh 8.13. © Viedy didn hinh xem Hinh 7 va Hinh 8.14, 6.2.2 Sir dung Bang 3, Bang 4 va sé higulogl cap {B61 vei cap mot lop hose cép ben song song nhu’ cho trong Phu Ive G thl 4p dung sb higu loai cap (RCN) twong &ng va tra s6 soi dirt 61 han (Gng véi tity cht ogi b8 cp) trong Bang 3 aém trén chiéu ‘d8i 6 d va 20 ¢, Néu két cu cap khéng quy dinh trong Phy Ive G thl xée dinh tng 86 sot chiu tai trong cap (bing cach céng tht cd cac sei & lop ngoai céc tao, khong tinh cdc soi phy 4p ch& tréng) va tra sb soi G0t 161 han trong Bang 3 dém trén chidu dai 6 d va 20 d abi v6i didu kign thich hop. ‘Déi voi cap chéng xo&n nhu quy dinh trong Phu luc G thl ap dung sé higu loi cap (RCN) tueng Ung va tra s6 soi dit t6i han Ong véi tidu chI loai bd cp trong Bang 4 dém trén chidu dai 6 d va 30 0, Néu két chu cép khong quy dinh trong Phy luc G thi xéc dinn téng s6 soi chiu tai trong cap (bang cach cong tét 8 cdc 891 & 6p ngoai, Khéng tinh céc'soi phu ldp ch8 tréng) va tra s6 soi dit 161 han trong Bing 4 Gém tren chidu dai 6 o va 30 0 abi v6i did kidr thich hop. 6.2.8 Dit sql vily do khée ‘Trong qua trinh van chuyén, bao quan, xiIj, [Sp dat va ché tao, mot soi riéng Ié cb thé bi dat. Nhu vy, cae 80% dt tach riéng khéng lién quan dén sy hu héng trong éidu kién van hanh giéng nhu bi méi uén thong duge léy lm co sé thidt lap c&c gid tri trong Bang 3 va Bing 4; ching khéng dug tinh 25 TCVN 10837:2018 «én khi kiém tra cdp ve 86 soi dM. Tuy nhién sy tdn tai cla ching, néu duxoc phat hign, phai duoc ghi fai 8 tre giup cho céc ln kiém tra tiép theo. Trong trong hop dau cde s¢i dit ny nhd ra khei cp va urge dénh gid ring néu bé qua khong cho (66 thé dn dn khd ning phat tridn cc hu héng cuc bp thl ching phai dugc loai bd (v8 loal bé svi nhd, xem 4.7), Hinh 7 ~ Udn cong eép thuong lam I$ a9 dit An tgi ving khe gid cée tao cép 26 TCVN 10837:2015 6.2.4 Cap mOt lop va cap bén song song Bang 3 - Gié tr] toi hgn cia céc sgi dit quan sat duge trong cép mot lop va c&p bén song song bao higu tiéu chi logl bd cap ¥ ‘Sb 51 Got bin ngodl quan sat duge” sb nugu | nats set chit | Cac aon ctp im vite vol pay thépviihoke | te doqnctp Peay | eecee ee tag! cubn trén tang met lop ccudn trén tang nhibu toa! (og! dot phin bd ngdu nhlén) lop cap Nhém ché 4 lam vige M1 Gbn M4 hoge Tt c& ede nhém chd- RCN hong x4e nh* | eommvie | orem ap bgn chi Cap bén xudi héo hog xudi i, ‘Gap bin chéo Phin mudi | _Binchdohode 6) Ten | in | Trin | Tron | Tren | Tren I ” cehibu aat | ehidu dat | chibu dat ) ehidu dat | chidu dat | chidu ai : L st | 300 6 aoe 6 300 a 780 714 qi 2 4 a [we |” sianare 3 8 2 3 6 % ® | _7eens 100 4 8 2 4 @ 6 | tiene 120 3 70 2 3 0 20 ow | wenewo | 6 i 3 6 |_® 2 6 Tai sn = 160 6 3 3 a a ey or 161.51 5180 7 14 4 7 a! 28 08 | 181200 3 6 ‘ 3 6 2 | 201ens20 | 8 6 ee 8 % | 70 | zisneno | 10 | sf | se | zaisnsz60 | 10 zfs | 0 | 2 a 12 | ebians280 1 2 CE 22 are we] asignesao |) 12 2 6 2 Ea @ [oa emo Penna [asena [aera [ opexe [ o0exe | arena | | CHU THICH: Cép vii céc tao bén ngoai theo két chu Seale khi 66 soi mBi tao Ia 19 hodc It hon (vi dy 6x19 Seale) dugs tra | trong bang nay & déng adm trén 2 dong 60 véi kat cu dys theo #4 80% chiu ti tal lop ngodi cia cc tao eép. | | : | * Trong teu chubn nay, cdc soi phy Jp en8 wing khong Gugc coi soi chiu tai Khi xde dinh gid tn * Soi dit ob hal Gu (hai ddu dirt Guo dém ka mot soi dit). © Gia wi 8p dung cho hur héng xudt hign trong ving cép chéo va sy chen gira cde vong do anh nuréng cla géc ech (va khéng 4p dung cho céc dogn cap chi lam viée voi puly va khdng cuén trén tang). “ Hai tin 86 sg dat cho trong bang ¢6 thé ap clung cho cdc ché a6 Ibm vib MS dn MB. 2a = auéng kinn dann ngha eta cap. 2 TCVN 10837: 15 6.25 Cép chéng xofn Bang 4 - Gia tr to1 hgn cla céc sgl dirt quan sét duge trong cép chéng xodn bdo higu tigu cht logl bd cp 86 s¢1 dirt bén ngoai quan sat dirgc? | 6 tao lop ngoal sétiqu | vaténgadagi |” Cie dogn cap lam vige voi logicap | chjutaltgitép | puly thép hogciva cuén trén C&c dogn cép cudn RCN. | ngoal cia céc tao tang mot lop trén tang nhibu lop? (xem Phy cap" (sgi dist phan bé ngdu nhién) Wea) [Treneniéu | Trenchitu | Trénchidu | Tron chibu dai | e aie dai 30 dai Go? 30d ‘tao a ns 100 4 # 2 | t ‘Shoae 4 tao j 22 pio 2 4 4 8 Tennde 11 tao agoai | 231 71 sins 100 2 4 4 8 23.2 | folsns120 3 3 5 wo! | 233 | 1atsnst40 3 5 6 a | 24 141 sms 160 3 é é 13 138 461 ens 180 4 7 7 Ga | _26 181 sns200 4 8 8 16 1 27 201 55220 4 3 9 6! 28 221 sms 240 5 10 10 19 29 241 sn = 260 8 10 10 24 30 261.5280 6 4 "1 22 | at _| 281s #900 é 2 2 |) [ > 300 é 2 at | CHU THIGH. Cap w6i de tao ban ngodl thea kbt chu Seal Kh 66 89 mi tao id 19 hoge Ik Fan (tay 18xt8 | Seale - WSC) duge tra tong bang nay & dang nm trén 2 déng so vei ket cbu diva theo s6 soi la lap ngods | cua cde to cap. i rong titu chudn nay, cc 0% phu lbp ch8 tng khéng dug cola so chi 18 kh xc in gid tr. sor aut eo hal Abu (hal abu ast durge dbm lb me 60 a0. © Gia rap dung cho hur hing xu itn trong ving cdp chéo v8 sy chén git cdc veng do anh hung oie goe ~. Wbeh (vb khgng 2p dung cho c&c dogn cap ehl lam vige vb puly v8 khong cubn tren tang). * «= ayeng kinh dann nghta cis cap. | 28 6.3.86 gldm dwdng kinh cép 6.3.1 Gidm abu dgc theo cap" Ce gd tri eng v6i tiéu chi loai bd bi vai vide gidm ddu dudng kinh cée doen eép cubn trén tang mt lp valhode chay qua puly thép cho trong Bang 5, in d8m. Ching khéng duge ép dung cho céc doan cép ngay gn ving cép chéo hose cde dogn cap khdc bj bién dang tong ty do cuén vo tang bibu lop. ‘Bung kinh tham chiéu 48 dénh gié gi8m éurdng kinh cap ta du’ng kinh ca dogn edp ffnh, do ngay Khi cap dugc lp vao. Vige tinh ton xac dinh Ivigng gidm éuéng kinh cap va duge tinh bing phn ‘rdm so v6i dang kinh danh nghia cia cép cho trong 6.3.2. Bang § cing chi ra mite twong duong gite dO giém du, dvgc tinh b&ng phan trém so vei dudng kinh danh nghla eda cap, va cdc misc 66 nghiém trong, duryc thé hign tang dan v6i bude 20 % (tire la 20%, 40 %, 60%, 80 % va 100 %). Mite 46 nghiém trong khdc, vi dy tang dn vei bude 25 % (tir Ia 25 %, 50 %, 75 % va 100 %) cing 6 thé durgc Iva chon. Bang 5 - D9 gidm déu dong kinh cap bao higu tiéu chi logl bé cap — Cap cuén trén tang mét lép varhoge chay qua puly thép ‘86 gidm déu duong kinh ‘ Loatedp | (tinh bang % so voi audny inh Sere caren en ‘danh nghta) MO ta % | Nhé hon 6 % | - 0 Tu 6 % dén nnd hon 7 % Nhe 20 Cap 1 lop Tu 7 % dén nh hon 8 % Trung binh 40 16i si Tu 8 % én nhd hon 9 % Nghiém trang 60 Ter 9 % dén nhé hon 10 % R&t nghiém trong 80 Te 10% va lon hon Phai tog! bd 100 ! Nhé hon 3,5 % - 0 Caption | 13,5 % din nh’ hon 4,5 % Nhe 20 eee Tir 4,5 % dén nhd hon 5,5 % Trung binh 49 ben song TH 5,5 % dn nhé hon 6,5 % Nghiém trong 60 ‘song Tu 6,5 % dén nnd hon 7,5 % Rat nghiém trong 80 Tw 7,5 % va lon hon Phal foal bd 100 “Who nen 1% > 0 | Tir 4 % dn nhs hon 2% Nhe 20 _| Cap chéng Tu 2 % dén nhd hon 3 % ‘Trung binh 40 xodn Tu 2.% dén nhd hon 4 % Nghiém trong 60 | Tu 4% dén nhd hon $.% Rétnghiém trong | 80 Tw5 % valén hon | Phai togi bd 100 29 TCVN 10837:2015 6.3.2 Tinh toan xé¢ inh 49 giam du dudng kinh cép thy té va duc tinh bang phin trim so v6i duéng kinh cép danh nghia 186 gidm du Ging kinh tinh bang phan trém so véi dutng kinh danh ngha cla cép dug tinh theo ccéng thie: [(Gar— dn)ax100 (%) a) Trong 66 er 18 duréng kinh tham chiéu; Gy. ta dung kinh Go durgc; la duéng kinh danh nghta, VIDY 1: VOi cép dubng Kinh 40 6 x 36-IWRC, duéng kinh tham chidu 41,2 va éutng kinh do dupe 39,5 mm hi kid tra, 46 gidm €udng kin tinh bang phan tm 141.2 - 39,5y40}x100 = 4,25 % CHU THIGH 1: Tir Bang 6, mite 49 age tang v8 gldm edu dudmg kin 18-20 % (te Lh). ‘CHU THICH 2: Titu eh og! b8 cp dat an kn dd gldm Gung kinh so véi dvbng kinh tham chibu bln 7,5 % so wi ing inh dann aghta, tela 3 mm, Trang trebng hop ney, Qudng kinh Gat eu ch! ogi bd Khi Go dupe Id 38,2 mm, Vi0U 2: Véiedp nhur tren, nhumg do duoc 38,6 mm khikiém tra, € gidm dvéng kinh tinh bing ph8n trém a [41,2 ~ 98,5y40p1100 = 6,75 % (CHU THICH 3: Tu Bang 5, mic 69 nghiém rong v8 gidm du dztng kin 880 % (hcl rt ghiém trong 6.3.3. Gldm eye bg durong kinh cap Néu €6 glém dung kinh cyc bd 18 rang, nhu do sy hu héng cla I6i cp, thi cép pha dug logi bd (vi du va gidm duéng kind lién quan dén cée tao cép bj lin xem Hinh B.3), 6.4 Sy gay dit tao cap Nau 66 sy gay dutt hoan toan tao cép, phai lap tic oa bé cép. 65 Anmon Tidu cht loi bé cap va cac mirc 6} nghiém trong do 3n mén cho trong Bang 6. Khi danh gia gidi han an mdn, quan trong la phai phdn-biét sy khac nhau gira 4n mon cac soi va sy. an mon trén bé mat cép lién quan dén viée 6 xy héa olla cdc vat la. Do 46, tras kh thc hin vige dérih gid, dogn cap chun bj kidm tra phdi Guge tau chai sach. Phéi tanh viée siv dung cde chat tay réva. TCVN 10837: Bang 6 — Tidu chi log! bd do én mén va cae mie 49 nghiém trong Dang an man Trang thai Mie 49 nghidm trong ‘Anmén | Co cde cau bigu 6 xy hoa bb mat nhung ob thé lau] Khong dang kd-0%6 bén ngoal* chai sech_ 188 mat soi khi cham cém thdy nham Nghiem trong ~ 60 96° Ba migt sq rS ngng va céc sgl chang” Phal logi bd - 100 % Anmon | C6 du hidu quan sat duge 1 ring eda an mon Phai loai bo béntrong® | ben trong ~ nghia la céc minh vo do an mon ahd hose | | ra tir che rin gita cde tao cdp ben ngoal” the’ nhin xét cba nguoi oo j mdm quyén, c0 m8 tnve hign | { kiém tra phia trong cap theo | ‘quy trinh mé td trong Phy lye C An mén ma sét | Qua tinh an mon ma sat lin quan dén vigc lay ¢i | Sy bidu hien cla déc tinh nay cachet tinh thé thép td cc soi do cdc spi va tao ko | edn dvirc aghién ctu tip them fen tye co xt voi nhau va sau 46 bj 6 xy hoa va to | va ndu ob bat ky du nigu nghi infin cc manh vér do &n mon tir phia trong, biéu hién | Ngo ndo ve misc dd nghiém | «dud dang bot kho twong ty nhu phd d3. trong cla ching th dp phdi Gur logi bd (100 %) * Xem vi dy Hinh 8.11 va B.12. VB sy ttn idn cia dn mon bén ngoal cép xem Phy lye H. = i * Vidi ede trang thai trung gian khde, phai dann gid thea mite 4} nghiém trong olla ching (tie la mie db | nh hung ie higu dng tng hop). © 8y-0 xy hba cla ede soi ma km cb thd gly nhiam bb mat edp,nhieng trang thal tng thé co thé Khong guy bidm nhur egi khéng ma kém. Trong cde teuémg hap nay, Nguoi KiB ta c6 thB xem x6t Sp dung mize Anh hudng cba ching lén higu ing t8ng hop thdp hon so vbl bang nay. Xem vi dy Hinh B.18. | * Vide dann gia an men ben wong e6 tinh chi quan, ty nhién néu oo bat Ky nghingds nao vb ey nguy hibm | cia sy 3n mn bén trong nao 46 thi phai loai bé cap. CHO THICH: Sy gldm aung xinh edp ob th8 e6 nguytn nn ti Bn mén bén trong hoe mal men 6.6 Bién dang va hu hong 6.61 Quy dinh chung ‘Sy sai léch hinh dang nin thdy dtvge ella ef so vbi inh thuOng duge gol la bid dang, Nguyén nhin do sy phan bé ving sudt khdng déu trong cép & nhGng ving bién dang, thuéng la cyc bd. Bién dang va hy héng cé thé ty bidu hign theo nhidu céch va tiéu chi logi bd 661 véi nhidu truéng hop chung cho trong cac didu 6.6.2 dén 6.6.10. Cp curgc cho Ia & trang thai nguy hiém phai duoc loal b& ngay. 6.6.2 Sylugn séng Phai loai bé cp, & b&t kj trang théi nao, néu tn tal mét trong cc trang thal sau (xem Hinh 8): cD) TCVN 10837:2015 2) © nhting phan cdp thang, khdng bao gid di qua hoc & gan puly hay cudn vao tang, khe hd gitre ‘anh thang va duréng xodn bang hoae lon hon (1/3) ¢; b) © nhOng doan cp di qua puly hodc cugn vao tang, khe hé gidva canh thang va dudng xodn 28ng ode lon hon (1/10) d. CHU DAN d_ Guong kinh danh nghle cua cap Khe ho Hinh 8 - Sy twgn séng cila cap CHU THICH: Vi du v8 sy lyon stg cia cp xem Hinh B.2. 6.6.3 Phang cép Phai logi bd ngay ¢4p bi phing, bién dang kidu ling Gén hoac gid c4 (xem Hinh 8.9), hoae néu cho rng phan cap c&n lai vin si dung dgc thi phan bj phdng phi durgc logi be. Bi hoge tao cp bj nhé ra hoge bj bép méo Phai loai bé ngay cép c6 I8i hoc tao bi Idi ra hodc bi b6p méo (xem Hinh 8.2 va B.4), hoi néu cho ring phan ¢&p ¢dn tal vn scr dyng évge thi phan bj phéng phai durgc loai bd. CHU THICH: Bay la mot dang dac bist cda phing cép kibu dén Ibng hod gid cA, trong 64 sy mBt cén bing cép ‘age dae ung bei sy nh ra ela Ibi hoge so! tng tam ra cde tao ngoai hod sy nhd ra cia céc tao ngobi hoBe tao ca phn I cp. 6.6.5 Cae soi nhd ra 66 tinh Igp lal Cap vOi cée sai nhd ra, throng xudt hign thanh ting nhém & phia nguge lai véi phia tigp xlic v6i nh puly phai duge loai bé ngay (xem Hinh B. 1). CHU THICH: Dy hitu cda mét a9! xobn tr Iti cap nh ra gira cdc tao ngodi cb thd Khéng Bhai a IY do Toe! 3 ep, wdi ids ign c6 th ogi b8 nd habe nd king cBn We cfc thanh phn Khée ci cp tong que rin im vig 6.6.6 Tang eye bd Gudng kinh cap rong qué ttinh lam vige, néu duréng kinh dp t&ng 2 5 % véi cp Idi thép hod 2 10 % véi cap I6i soi ‘hi phai tim hidu nguyén nhan va xem xét log! b8 eép (xem Hinh 8.16) 92 TCVN 10837:2015 CHO THICH: Vie tang dung kinh c4p 0 thb dn hung Ian chidu 8 tong abi ca ed, voi nguyén nh 6& m8 1b su png ttn cso ain do np thy nam qua mirc lam mt cén bing cfc a0 ngoal din dn sy don fit ede ta0 enong ing 6.6.7 Mot phan cép bl bep Cée phn cap bi bep khi chay qua puly cé kha nang lam cap hdng nhanh hon va thé hién qua céc soi dit, Trong cdc trong hop nay, ty thude vao mic do bep dé danh gid loai bé cap. Cac phan cép bep trong cdc thiét bj nang tiéu chudn cé thé phai chiu mize &n mén cao hon so voi cae hn cép khéng bi anh huéng, nhét a khi ed tao ngodl bi mé ra va cho phép hol &m tham nhap. Néu it ai 28 sty dung thl phai-kibm tra thudng xuyén hon, ndu khong thl phi xem xétlogi bé c&p. Véi cdc Goan cap bi bep do nguyén nhan cudn nhibu lop ln tang cd kha nang khong pha loai b khi, xem xét s6 soi ditt lién quan dén bep cap khong vurt qué gia tri cho trong Bang 3 va Bang 4. ‘Hinh 8.5 va B.18 minh hoa hai kigu bep cp kha nhau. 6.6.8 Cap bl xodn vgn ho§e cé vong that hai logi bd ngay cap bi xo8n van ho8e ob véng that (xem Hinh B.6, B.7 va 8.17). (CHO THIGH: van xan ho8e véng tht la Ku bidn dong too rab phn cong eda Cdp Kh ltt va kndag che php x03y cquarh tus eda m6, Sy ma cin blng cis bu bén xu ign It nguyen nha gBy mén qué me vB tong trong hyp nghiém trong, cp bi bibn dang abn mic lam cho ab bn ch cn et nh 6.6.9 Udn cap ‘Cae phan cép bj uén nghiém trong di qua puly thuéng héng nhanh va thé hign qua ede sgi dit. Trong cdc trrbing hop nay phai logi bé cap ngay. Néu mac 40 uén khong duoc Banh gid 1a nghiém trong va cdp vn sir dung thl phai kidm tra thuéng xuyén hon, néu khéng thl phai xem xét loai bé dp. (CHO THICH: Ubn 1 kidu bin dang g6c cba cp doce anh hub ti Ben ngod Vige danh gia cap ¢6 bj ubn nghiém trong hay khéng la mang tinh chi quan. Néu eb nép gp & phia ‘nén cia phan bj uén thi ¢6 thé coi la nghiém trong, Khong phy thue ¢4p ¢6 chay qua puly hay khong. 6.6.10 Hu héng do nhigt hoge hd quang aign Cap khéng lam vige binh thudng & nhiét 4 cao, nhung phai chiu anh huéng nhiét dac biét cao, ¢6 thé nhan biét tir bén ngoai bang sy adi mau sql thép do nhiét va/hoac sy hao hyt d4ng ké m& béi tron trén cp thi phai logi bé cp ngay. \Nbu nai node nhieu hon fal si bj dnh huBng cue bo do hd quang éign, nhu do su nbl aét Khong ding oa day han, thi phai loai bd cap. Ditu ndy.cé th8 xudt hién tai diém noi déng dién di vao hode di ra Khdi cap. 33, TCVN 10837:2015 Phy lye A (tham kho) CAc ving quan trong yéu cau kiém tra dic bigt chat che CHU DAN: 4) ce doen cap cubn tren tang tai v Ut ti due nang In v8 cdc oan Khde chi €o sAt dn anbt (invbng & vi rh ‘96c nghitng cap ton nha) 2 (cde) déan cép 6i vao cum puly mbe kh tl dunge ning len 3. ce Goan cdp trve tibp tip xdc vei puly c&n bang, d3c bidt tal dim cubn cap vao. Hinb At ~ Cap cuén mét lop. 4 ‘CHG DAN: 1. ving cap ehéo va cae doan cap chiu eo sat kin nhat (thubng & vi tr g6c nghiéng cép 16n nhbt) 2. doan cAp di vao puly 48i huéng tn khi tdi duge nang lon 3. (cée) doan cp di v8o cum puly méc kni tai durge nang len, Hinh A.2~ Gap cuén nhidu lop 36 TCVN 10837:2015 Phy lye B (thar Khao) Cac dang hu héng dién hinh Bang B.1 cho cc khuyét tat c6 thé xudt hién va tiéu chi loai bé tveng ung. Cac Hinh B.1 dén Hinh B.19 cho cdc vi dy didn hinh ve mdi khuyét tat. Bang B.1”~ Céc khuyét t9t xudt hign trong cap Hin 7 Khuyét tat Bidu khodn tham chiéu | Bt Soi nh ra 666 a2 Léi nh ra cp cubn mot lbp 664 83 Gilm eye bd durdng kinh cap (Kin tao cp) 63 I pa Tao cp nh rafbi bop méo 664 35 Phin cép bibep 667 Be Cap bi xn van (dvong) 668 B7 (Cap bi xodn van (am) 668 BB ‘Sy lugn séng 662 an) (Cap bi phdng 663 [esto ‘Mon bén ngoal 5.3.1, Bang 1 vaE.2 Bat ‘An mon bén ngoai 65 B42 Hinh B14 phéng to 65 B13 ‘Dit soi ving [dt 62 a) B14 ‘Dut s@i ving 6m 62 B45 ‘Cp bén trong nhe ra (vei cp chéng xodn) B40) | B16 Tang ove bd duéng kinh cap do bién dang loi | 866 B17 ‘Cap bi xodn van 668 BAB | Phan cap bi bep 667 B19 ‘An mon bén trong 65 36 TCVN 10837:2015 Hinh 8.1 —Sgl nhé ra Hinh B.3 - Giam cyc b6 dvdng kinh cap ~ lan tao cap 7 TOVN 10837:2015 Hinh B.4 ~ Tao cap nhé ra hogc bj bop méo Hinh 6.5 Phin cdp bj bep Hinh B.6 ~ C4p bj xodn vgn (dong) 38 TCVN 10837:2015 Hinh B.7 ~ Cép bj xodn vgn (4m) Hinh B.9 ~ Cap bj phdng 39 TCVN 10837:2015 Hinh B.10 ~ Man bén ngoai 40 Hinh 8.14 —An mén bén ngoai TCVN 10837:2015 Hinh B.13 - Dirt sgi viing |di 4 TCVN 10837:2015 Hinh 8.14 - Birt sol ving tom 42 Hinh B.48— Cép ben trong nhd ra voi edp chéng xoén TCVN 10837:2015 Hinh B.16 - Tang eye bd duéng kinh cép do bién dang (ot Hinh B.17 ~ Cap bj xodn van 43 TCVN 10837:2015 Hinh 8.19~ An man bén trong ‘TCVN 1083; 2015 Phy lye C (tham khao) Kiém tra bén trong cap 4 Quy dinh chung . Khi ngudi c6 thim quyén quyét dinh ring phai kim tra phia trong cp Gang str dung thi phai thy hign vOi sy c&n trong Bac bist 62 trdnh hu hdng hodiclva bién dang du cap. Trong thie t6, s8 d& thyc hign hon nbu cép duge dat rim trén san so véi khi né treo trong khéng Kh. Khong phai tt c& cdc logi vathodc kich c& cép o6 thd mé hoan toan dé cho phép dénh gid trang t bbén trong ea cép, -Néu due tién hanh, théng thudng gi6i han & dogn cdp ma bing ching quan sat tao ra nghi ngo ve trang thai bén trong ca cép va c&n tin hanh khi cép Khéng chiu mdt lve c&ng nao. (CHU THICH: Kinn nghitm ve ay hur hing.cdp ob thd gn dye ti vite kibm tra ch bt eB 68 bj Logi sau ki si dung bao gbm thio rt ra ig soi vd 4B 19 ede bo phn btn trong ma Khéng td thy dpe ki kibm tra tp dang = dung, 6% Ks vite nby cho thy eh trang thé! hi tengo vk Kh idm tra din kj bing quan st tm chi 6bn moc 6 ship ay ro ited. ©.2. Quy trinh kidm tra 6.2.4 Kiém tra téng thé cap ‘Gain chat hal tay kep vo cép (xem Hinh C.1 2)} va ghi ai vi ti cla chung. Migng kep pha @) c6 kich thuée thich hop dé kep cp ma khdng lam cap bién dang, va ») lam ta vat ligu cho phép cép o& thé mé ma khéng bi trugt va lam hu hang ep. 188 hd tra qua trinh nay, miéng kep c6 thé két hop véi I6p I6t, chang han bang da. Quay tay kep nguge chidu xodn cép sao cho cde tao ngoaltéch rbi khdi I6i hoe soi trung tam 66 me cap, Bim bao rng cdc tao cap khiéng bj dich chujén qué nhidu. Khi c&p 48 mé mot chat. mot céng cy nhd, chang han dui chO T (Guge siva ti tua vit), c6 thé sir dung 8 Jogi bé mé va cde manh vyn che khudt thm quan sat phia trong cap. Phai quan sét nhing diu sau: = mie 4} an mon; = gy khdng dau cla cc sqi (do 4p lyre ho&c mon); = cde Sgi dit & e&e lbp ngoai va trong I6i cép hod soi trung tam (thuéng khéng d& thy): = trang thai b6i tron phia trong cap. Bi tron phdi durge thyc hign tai Goan cép me true khi dng ll 45 TCVN 10837:2015 Tay kep phai xoay véi lye vira phdi 48 déng cép va dm bao ding vi tri cla cdc tao ngodi quanh 181 hode soi trung tam. Thuéng bat bude phél dua tay kep trd lal vi tri giéng nh trube khi b8t ddu mé cap. Sau khi théo kep, nhung true khi cho phép cn truc van han binh thurdng, e&p phai due bai tron Vang lan cn noi vira thy’ hign kiém tra cép. 6.2.2 Kidm tra cép tal v| tr gan dau cé dinh cap Tai nhiing vi tri nay, chi en ding mt tay kep Id 6 do 6 hg théng neo du cép hod eb thé dig mot thanh 63t thich hep 68 chan dau cép; tay kep nay thivéng chi 68 adm bao phdn bén ngoai cép khéng bi i chuyén [xem Hinh ©.1 B). Vide kim tra phai tién hanh nhu C.2.4 a) O nhing doan cép lién tuc (khéng bj lye cng) Hinh C.1 - Kiém tra bén trong cap. 48 TOVN 10837:2015 b) O doan ngay sat vj tri ed djnh dau cap (khong bj lye cing) Hinh C.4 (xét thie) 47 TCVN 10837:2015 Phy tye D (tham kro) Cac vi dy didn hinh vé bién ban kidm tra D1 Bién ban don lé [can tye xem xet: Cap dp dung: Thbng tin chi Bt cap: Ten thuong higu (néu bids): 5 Sydng kinh dann nghia mm sK&t chu: ... | LOi cap®: WRC | FC WSC Mat ngoai sqi*: Khong ma kémime. Chidu vakidu bent: (Phél) sZ zz Z (rai) 28 88 8 86 soi it nhin théy cho phép & Ip ngoa....... rén doan 6d va ...... tren doan 30d ‘Budng kinh tham chidu: mm 89 gidm Gurdng kinh cho hep. ‘80 voi Guréng kinh tham chiéut ............ mm Noay lp dat: .... “i Nay logi bé: 2 ~T Hu hd 86 soi aut quan sat an An ve panhgia | aivestopamat | Sweat | ay | wengleBls | | ee i mses Tom Vitti jamec | Tren etity in, tren | nghiem ‘eat rani | Butea | truest | acs | miedd | muee® | aa, | cép | tong? téng f cd ‘am | tonep | rants | eanem | cxf hop aiviet ea | 200 | oe | soa | mm | cme, | Mo | fa | oma hin i ™ 1 } i ! I I ‘Cac quan sat khdc/ Nhan xét Nay thyc hin (chu kj/gld/ngay/thangindm, wv...) Nay kid ira: Tén (du) cba ngubi e& thd quydn: .. seven TAM (ChE KS) * Banh du wong Gng v6i ed sir dung 7 ® MO ta mirc 49 hy héng: nhe, trung binh, nghiém trong, rét nghiém trong hoac phai loai bd. 48 Te 001) 9 Bor rpud DROU (% 08) Bub wraBU aps (He 06) BuON WaIGU TH OF) WuIa BUNA "% OZ Deu Suu :0udA WeRGU Op OMWw BOW 5 But 28 deolon Bun Buomn ngp WEG (3 2h) hua en z Bupa ‘t Bupa Wax) de9 11 MANY OS BI NOU TCVN 10837:2015 aay > — uo — bun | oy pun Guba sngue | wu | Por] po | poe | po | por | ro fun | gO | SO | awsu | OE | dausu | dgouan | wen | ‘oon pind wp | ewdu | SA | | op] B82 | op | ania | tons | op wun] Guo Tye = geignda | 90W >on oan sion | Seng | Sauiy | at | nautoon eno Avous | 8120 we $7200 " 2 ‘eA(ngp) ue el = = mo Bubp 1yoou aby aid | upiaesSugyan | UY wn Mera) do} 36np 1F8 uenb 39p 188 95 ura ~ cpp wend wu ~ mu wen yur Bugng. a wun Bignp peer dou ol yu Bu9np wee 9a og ubop ven“ ga dr2 uulp 92 nE@ panier ___pa.utop van mob do 9 dud ono Apu UII 168 9S Pans ‘dgo 99 1801 Keb iy ssese mt) ud! oa] ay ; ZzzzZs Wd) sanp} ou sdg9 ng a 1 | dgajene ta mjiun Buu : = uw 8s a ‘e1ysu ’ os - ciermmenmews | B80] | esuonwunn | te | xo ——— 1," sugra po abo opt Aeon {deo nduy 64 9a C684 OSI 9x) deo 9H yO Up BugYL 49 TCVN 10837:2015 Phy tye E (tham kh30) ‘Théng tin hGeu ich vé hu hong cép va tiéu chi logl bd Et Che sgl dct 4) Téng quat ~ phan bé ngu nhién Trueng hep cép met isp (vl dyscép 6 hodc 8 tao) va cap bén song song chai qua puly thép, céc soi ‘Gut thuréng xudt hign ngdu nhién doc theo cép tai c&c vi tr Id trén tao, tue Ia tal mat ngoai cua cde tao lop ngodi. Théng thudng, ede soi aH nay lién quan dén nhtng kh v¥e bi mai mon tir bén goal. ‘B6i véi cép chéng xolin, ¢6 kha nang sé Ion céc sgi dit xudt hién bén trong va khé phat hign khi idm tra bang quan sét. Vi ly do 46, s6 soi dit cho phép khi quan sat di véi loai cap nay dirgc léy 'bé hon so véi cép cudn mét lop hod cép bén song song. Cac Bang 3 va Bang 4 phan anh cac yéu 18 nay. ‘bi véi nhing eng dung ma dang hy héng chii yéu la mai udn, cde soi Git bat dau xuat hign sau mét 66 chu trinh lam vige nhdt dinh, Tuy nhién, sé s¢i dét tng nhanh theo thdi gian, do a6 khuyén ‘cdo phai kim tra dinh kj c&n than va ghi ai sé sgi duit phat hién dug lam co sé G8 thiét lap t8¢ do {tang s6 soi dit. Titn dd nay s8 duge sik dung dé dua ra ngay kiém tra dinh ky KB tiép. ') Ving op chéo (ki cuén nhidu 6p) ‘D6 v6 cdc thidt bj cubn nhidu lop cp trén tang, c6 thé dy doan trade rang dang hy héng chinh sé 1a it sgi va bién dang & céc ving cép chéo. K&t qua kiém tra va kinh nghiém chi ra réng kha nang Tam vige cia cép cé thé gidm manh & ahng vi ti nay, 60 voi c&p & nhGng doen chi chay qua puly; ‘cdc ving nay ted thanh tiéu diém cn cha y cla ngudi cé thdm quyén trong qué trinh kiém tra dinh ky cap. ©) Bit soi cue bb “That khé a8 dua ra con sé chinh xéc v8 86 69% dirt cho phép khi ching xdy ra cue bd hod tap trung tai mOt tao nao dé. Trong mat s6 trudng hop, cde soi Bt cue bd 06 thé lap Iai theo mBi bude xen, thudng bat dau & cc ving bi mai mén cuc bd. Khi 46, s6 soi dit cho phép duge ngudi cé thém quyén quyét 6inh, nhung khong nhé hon 86 ligu cho trong Bang 3 va Bang 4. ©) 80 sof ving kin it sol ving lom o6 thé la bigu hign ca hu héng bén trong cép, do 46 cn kiém tra chi tit doan cap nay, De bit voi c&p kich thude nhé, dang dirt spi nay thlnh thosing bj 1 a khi rb cép kh vi tri thOng thuong ca nd va udn cong cép ma kning cé lye cng nao. Néu o6 nhidu hon ode bang 80 TCVN 10837:2015 hai sgi dit trén mat bude bén thi c6 thé dy doan 18 16] hoe soi t8m cp khong cdn NB tro dy a cho céc tao cép bén ngosi. £2 Gidm dwéng kinh cép Vige giim dung kinh op 66 thé do nhidu ly do, mét trong chiing la man, N6 6 thé thude dang phan 6 ngu nhién hode cye bé va thudng do sy tiép xic eda edp vei puly hod tang hoc do ap Ive cla cp véi cap, do 46 06 thé dy dodn xudt hién tai cc vung cp chéo khi cap rai doc tang. C6 thd men ‘@du doc theo hoe xung quanh cép, hoe oé thd xudt hign doc theo mét phia ela cap. Néu mén khéng éu, nguyén nhdn cin xéc dinh chéc chén va néu 6 thé, phai tién hanh kiiée pyc, Met lugng man r6 rét thuéng thay & nhtng doan cp tidp xtc vdi ranh puly va tang Khi t&i nding duro gia the hoe gidm tbc. B6i tron khéng di hoc khéng ding va sy cb mat cia byl va hat mai cing anh hurdng lén tbc 46 mon. Ngoai céc dang hu héng nhin thy 15 rang nh mé ta trén day (trong ditu nay), cép cling cd thé gidm uding kinh vl mot hay mgt s6 co’ khi bén trong sau day: a) mén bén trong va day ii 6m; b)_mén bén trong do ma sét gitta cdc tao cap canh nhau va cde soi trong cép, ac bigt khi chang bjubn; ¢) sv hu hang ca 135i sqi hodc dit gay Idi thép; ) GUA gly cla cde lbp phia trong cia tao 6b véi cap chéing x08n. VOI vide tiét dign thép cia cap gidm do bi mon, 4 bén cia cap giam. £3 Anmdn An mén xubt hign, dc bigt la & mdi trvdng bidn va 6 nhiém cong nghiap, khong nhing lam gidm 4} bén cép do gidm tiét dign thép ca cdp ma cbn tam tang sy pha hy m&i do ching lam ba mat tré nén khéng Bu, lam lan truyén cdc vét nit. Sy An mon nghiém trong cling c6 thé kam gidm 48 dan hd) clacép. ‘An mon bén trong khé phat hién hon so véi bén ngoal, nhung ching thuéng xay ra cling nhau, mae dd {dng hgp va thé hign bing Idi, tire 1a cdc meéc 6 nhe, trung binh, nghiém trong, rat nghiém trong va phai loai bd. CHG THIGH +: Phuong ahap dann 918 “Boh hima tng hes ch trong eit Khon ny gid in ng hung xt itn tg cn, tw Rode dt ng. Nu Kd gud eda mic 69 tbng hop it nib chia Gu cho ha hoe ba dang hr Ning chong Wy 40% 4 Git $0 v8 40% do im tg Kn) co dug cla ntngnguy Nm bg Ki ci eb mt dang hr ng mult ign {én doan cép 66 (vi du 80 % do dat so, c& chek It gidm durémg kinh va an mon. ‘CHO THIGH 2: Mac 66 ft vel sy gm abu avrg kioh cp knéng éP dung cho cB doen cépcubn in tang nhib Kp va ctiuh hing dag chen v Kn quan dn tn erg ch ot, cre hen rw & eke vin dp cht, CHU THICH 3: Phuong php rh gt nn hung tng bop” tong itu Khodn ny 6b subt mot cch bp cB don gba

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