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Bai Giang Thiet Ke Mach Logic Va Analog PDF
Bai Giang Thiet Ke Mach Logic Va Analog PDF
BI GING :
THIT K MCH LOGIC V ANALOG
( Ti liu lu hnh ni b)
2
1.1.2. Mt s tnh cht ca hm nhn, cng, ph nh:
- Tn ti phn t trung tnh duy nht cho php "nhn", php "cng".
A + 0 = A; 0 - Phn t trung tnh cho php tnh "cng".
A.1 = A ; 1 - Phn t trung tnh cho php "nhn".
- Hon v: A + B = B + A ; A. B = B. A.
- Kt hp (A + B) + C = A + (B + C) = (A + C) + B
(A . B) . C = A . (B . C) = (A . C) . B
- Phn phi : A.(B + C) = A.B + A.C
- Khng c s m, khng c h s.
A +A + . . . + A = A ; A.A . . . A = A.
- B : A A ; A A 1; A.A 0
* nh l Demorgan:
Tr-ng hp thng qut : f[x i ,,] f[x i ,,]
Th d: X Y X .Y ; X .Y X Y
(o ca mt tng bng tch cc o, o ca mt tch bng tng cc o)
1.1.3. Biu din gii tch cc hm logic
Vi cc k hiu hm, bin v cc php tnh gia chng. C hai dng gii tch
-c s dng l.
+ Dng tuyn: Hm -c cho d-i dng tng ca tch cc bin.
+ Dng hi: Hm -c cho d-i dng tch ca tng cc bin.
+ Dng tuyn chnh quy: Nu mi s hng cha y mt cc bin.
+Dng tuyn khng chnh quy: Ch cn t nht mt s hng cha khng y
mt cc bin.
+ Hi chnh quy: Nu mi tha s cha y mt cc bin.
+ Hi khng chnh quy: ch cn t nht mt tha s khng cha y mt cc
bin.
3
Th d: f(X,Y,Z) = X.Y.Z XYZ XYZ XYZ (tuyn chnh quy)
f(X,Y,Z) = X.Y. XYZ XYZ XZ (tuyn khng chnh quy)
f(x,y,z) = (X +Y + Z).(X + Y + Z).( X Y Z ). (hi chnh quy).
f(x,y,z) = (X +Y +Z).(Y + Z).(Z + Y + X ). (hi khng chnh quy).
a. Biu din hm dng tuyn chnh quy
Nguyn tc :
- Gi tr ca hm thnh phn ch nhn gi tr mt.
- S hng l tng ca tch cc bin. Z A.B.C A.B.C
- Nu gi tr ca hm thnh phn bng khng ta loi s hng .
- Ch quan tm n cc t hp bin ti hm thnh phn nhn tr "1".
- S s hng bng s ln hm thnh phn nhn tr "1".
- Trong biu thc logic cc bin nhn tr "1" gi nguyn, bin nhn tr"0" ta
ly ph nh.
Th d : Cho hm logic dng tuyn nh- sau:
Z = F(A, B, C) = (1,2,3,5,7)
Ti cc t hp bin 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 ca bin vo hm nhn tr "1")
4
- Trong biu thc logic cc bin nhn tr "0" gi nguyn, cc bin nhn tr
"1" ta ly ph nh.
Th d : Cho hm logic dng hi nh- sau:
Z = F(a,b,c) = (0,4,6).
Ti cc t hp bin 0, 4, 6 hm logic nhn tr "0"
1.2. Cc hm logic c bn
1.2.1 Hm V - AND
5
1.2.2 Hm HOC OR
Phng trnh Bng chn l K hiu v s chn
Y=A+B
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 1
Y=
A Y
0 1
1 0
6
i vi hm NOT gi tr ca hm s l o ca gi tr bin. Khi bin c gi tr bng 0 th hm
bng 1 ngc li khi bin bng 1 th hm c gi tr bng 0.
1.2.4. Hm Hoc tuyt i - XOR
Phng trnh Bng chn l K hiu v s chn
A B Y
0 0 0
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 0
7
i vi hm NOR gi tr ca hm s bng 1 khi ton b gi tr ca bin bng
0. Ngc li, mt trong cc gi tr ca bin bng 1 gi tr ca hm c gi tr bng 0.
Hay ni khc i n l hm o ca hm OR.
Mt s IC NOR khc
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 1
1 0 1
1 1 0
A B Y
0 0 1
0 1 0
1 0 0
1 1 1
8
Thc cht 7 hm trn ch c 3 hm u tin l cc hm c bn, 4 hm cn li
c th xy dng t 3 hm trn.
V d:
+ Hm NOR l s kt hp ca hm NOR v hm NOT.
Hm XOR S kt hp ca hm NAND
Hm XOR S kt hp ca hm NOR
Tuy nhin vic tch hp cc mch c bn to ra cc hm khc s rt hu
ch trong vic thit k mch. N s lm gim i s lng IC trn mt bo mch, dn
n lm gim chi ph cho mch v mt IC XOR (74LS86) c cha 4 phn t XOR
cng c gi thnh nh mt IC NAND hay IC NOR.
9
1.3. Ti thiu ha cc hm logic
Mt hm logic c th c v s cch biu din gii tch t-ng -ng. Tuy nhin
ch tn ti 1 cch gn nht ti -u v s bin, s s hng hay tha s v -c gi l
ti gin. vic ti gin hm logic mang ngha quan trng v ph-ng din kinh t,
k thut. ti thiu ho cc hm logic ng-i ta th-ng dng ph-ng php i s
v ph-ng php ba cc n.
10
T bng chn l ta c phng trnh trng thi nh sau:
Z A.B.C A.B.C A.B.C A.B.C A.B.C AC
. (B B) A.B.C AC
. (B B)
Z AC
. AC
. A.B.C C A.B.C C A.B
Mch logic thc hin:
A
1
4 2
B 2 4 2 1 Z
3
11
- Biu thc logic c s s hng hay tha s chnh bng s nhm dn. Khi vit
hm logic d-i dng tuyn cc bin cn li nhn tr "1" ta gi nguyn, nhn tr "0"
ta ly ph nh, khi vit hm logic d-i dng hi th ng-c li.
- Mt c th tham gia vo nhiu nhm dn.
- Cc ti gi tr hm khng xc nh ta coi ti hm c th ly gi tr
"1" hoc "0" tu tng tr-ng hp c th.
* Ch : Ph-ng php ti gin hm logic trn ba cc n ch thch hp vi hm c
s bin 6. Tr-ng hp hm c s bin ln hn 6, bng cc n rt phc tp.
4 hng 4 ct (3 bin )
V d 1:
Cho hm s : Y ( A, B, C, D) 0,1, 2, 4,5,6,8,9,10,14
Xy dng s mch logic thc hin hm ch dng cc phn t NAND hai
li vo.
Gii:
thit k c mch logic u tin chung ta phi lp c bng chn l
ca hm.
12
STT A B C D F(A,B,C,D)
0 0 0 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 1 1
2 0 0 1 0 1
3 0 0 1 1 0
4 0 1 0 0 1
5 0 1 0 1 1
6 0 1 1 0 1
7 0 1 1 1 0
8 1 0 0 0 1
9 1 0 0 1 1
10 1 0 1 0 1
11 1 0 1 1 0
12 1 1 0 0 0
13 1 1 0 1 0
14 1 1 1 0 1
15 1 1 1 1 0
Lp ba cc n ti gin hm
F
CD
AB 00 01 11 10
00 1 1 0 1
01 1 1 0 1
11 0 0 0 1
10 1 1 0 1
13
A 2
1
3
2
1
B 2 3
1
3
2
1 2
3 1 2 F(A, B, C, D)
2 3 1
C 2 1 3
1 3
3
2
1
3
D 2
1
3
1
Hnh 1.25: S mch logic ch dng phn t NAND hai u vo
V d 2:
Cho hm s:
Y ( A, B, C, D) 0,1,3,7,8,9,11,12,13,15 ,
Xy dng s mch logic thc hin hm ch dng cc phn t NOR hai li
vo.
Gii:
Bng chn l ca hm nh sau :
STT A B C D F(A,B,C,D)
0 0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1 0
2 0 0 1 0 1
3 0 0 1 1 0
4 0 1 0 0 1
5 0 1 0 1 1
6 0 1 1 0 1
7 0 1 1 1 0
8 1 0 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1 0
10 1 0 1 0 1
11 1 0 1 1 0
12 1 1 0 0 0
13 1 1 0 1 0
14 1 1 1 0 1
15 1 1 1 1 0
Lp ba cc n ti gin hm:
14
F
CD
AB 00 01 11 10
00 0 0 0 1
01 1 1 0 1
11 0 0 0 1
0 0 0 1
10
F ( A, B, C, D) ( A C )( B C )(C D) A C B C (C D) A C B C (C D)
F ( A, B, C , D) A C B C (C D) A C B C C D
2
D 2 1
1 3
3
15
Chng 2: Thit k mch logic t hp
A 2 4 2
1 2
3 1 Z
3
B
C
Hnh 2.1: Mch logic
2.2. Quy trnh thit k
Quy trnh thit k mch logic nh sau:
+ Xy dng phng trnh logic s dng cc phng trnh theo CTT, hay CTH hoc
c th s dng bng chn l biu din
+ S dng bng karnaugh hoc cc phng php i s ti thiu ha hm logic
hoc a hm logic v dng m d thit k mch
+Thit k mch cho chy th
+ nh gi tnh n nh ca mch
Th d:
Thit k mch logic thc hin php ton sau, dng cc phn t logic c bn
Z = F(A, B, C) = (1,2,3,5,7)
Gii:
Phn tch yu cu
Mch ca chng ta gm c 3 bin u vo l A, B, v D v mt hm u ra
l Z . Ta c s tng qut nh- sau
B Z
Mch logic
16
Hnh 2.3: S m phng
T yu cu ca bi ta c bng trng thi nh- sau
C
- Xy dng mch t phn t OR v AND
Z C A.B
A 2 4 2
1 2
3 1 Z
3
B
C
2.3. Thit k mch s hc
2.3.1. Thit k b cng bn tng ( HA-Half Adder )
B cng bn tng thc hin cng hai s nh phn mt bt
Quy tc cng nh sau:
17
Hnh 2.4: S m phng
Trong :
a, b l s cng, s l tng ca php cng, c l s nh
Bng chn l m t hot ng ca mch v phng trnh logic nh sau
18
Trong
Cn 1 : S nh ca ln cng trc
Cn : S nh ca ln cng hin ti
Sn : Tng hin ti
Bng chn l ca mch cng ton phn
an bn Cn 1 Sn Cn
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1
.
Bng trng thi
Ti gin hm u ra bng phng php ba cc n
Sn Cn
Cn-1 Cn-1
an b 0 1 an b 0 1
n n
00 0 1 00 0 0
01 1 0 01 0 1
11 0 1 11 1 1
10 1 0 10 0 1
19
Hnh 2.7: S mch cng ton phn
2.3.3. Mch cng hai s nh phn 8 bit
thc hin php cng hai s nh phn 8 bit ta s dng 8 b FA ni tip vi
nhau nh s di y
.
`
Cn S Cn
Cn S Cn S Cn S Cn S Cn S S Cn S
Cn-1
Cn-1 Cn-1 Cn-1 Cn-1 Cn-1 Cn-1 Cn-1
a n. an an b an b n an b n an b a n bn an b n
bn bn n n
Cn S Cn
Cn S Cn S Cn S Cn S Cn S S Cn S
Cn-1
Cn-1 Cn-1 Cn-1 Cn-1 Cn-1 Cn-1 Cn-1
1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0
20
Hnh 2.9: S m phng
Trong a s b t, b s tr , D l hiu, B l s mn
Bng chn l m t hot ng v s mch :
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
21
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
.
Dn Bn
Bn-1 Bn-1
an b 0
n
1 an b 0
n
1
00 0 1 00 0 1
01 1 0 01 1 1
11 0 1 11 0 1
10 1 0 10 0 0
22
2.3.5. Mch tr hai s nh phn 8 bit
tr hai s nh phn 8 bit ta ghp 8 b tr y vi nhau ta c s
nh sau:
`
Bn D Bn
Bn D Bn D Bn D Bn D Bn D D Bn D
Bn-1
Bn-1 Bn-1 Bn-1 Bn-1 Bn-1 Bn-1 Bn-1
an bn an b an b an bn an bn an b an b an bn
n n n n
Bn D Bn
Bn D Bn D Bn D Bn D Bn D D Bn D
Bn-1
Bn-1 Bn-1 Bn-1 Bn-1 Bn-1 Bn-1 Bn-1
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
Kn qu php tr l : Dn 10001101
2.4. Thit k mch so snh
2.4.1. Mch so sanh 1 bit
L mch thc hin chc nng so snh hai s nh phn 1 bt .
Xt hai s nh phn 1 bit a v b. C cc trng hp sau y:
23
Hnh 2.14: S m phng Bng chn l
T bng trng thi ta c phng trnh trng thi v s mch logic nh sau:
1
A 3
2 Y y1(a<b)
B
1
2
a 1
3
2 y2(a=b)
b
2
1
1
A 3
2 Y y3(a>b)
B
24
bt tng ng ca hai s u bng nhau. so snh hi s 8 bit ta phi thm cc bit
iu khin vo mch so sanh hai s mt bit, gi l mch so sanh 1 bt y . Ta c
s khi nh sau:
25
C1 C2 C3 a b
y1
2 1
y2
1
3
2
y3
2 1
C1 y1
C2 y2
C3 y3
26
MUX hot ng nh 1 cng tc nhiu v tr c iu khin bi m s. M s ny
l dng s nh phn, tu t hp s nh phn ny m bt k thi im no ch c 1
ng vo c chn v cho php a ti ng ra.
Cc mch dn knh thng gp l 2 sang 1, 4 sang 1, 8 sang 1, Ni chung
n
l t 2 sang 1. Mc tip theo s phn tch v thit k mch dn knh 4 sang 1
2.5.2. Mch dn knh 4 sang 1
27
Ta c th kim chng li biu thc trn bng cch: t bng trng thi trn, vit
biu thc logic ri rt gn (c th dng phng php rt gn dng ba Karnaugh.
Nhn thy rng t hp 4 cng NOT a 2 ng iu khin chn S0, S1 vo cc
cng AND chnh l 1 mch m ho 2 sang 4, cc ng ra mch m ho nh l
xung m cng AND cho 1 trong cc ng I ra ngoi. Vy mch trn cng c th
v li nh sau:
S mch logic ca mch
28
X0
X1
X2
X3
Mch chn knh Y
X4
8 knh u vo
X5
X6
X7
. C1 C2 C3
29
C3 C2 C1
2
1
1
X0 2
3
1
4
5
X1 2
3
1
4
5
X2 2
3
1
4
5 2
X3 2 3
3 4
1 5
4 1 Y
5 6
X4 2 7
3 8
1 9
4
5
X5 2
3
1
4
X6 5
2
3
1
4
X7 5
2
3
1
4
5
30
74LS153 gm 2 b ghp knh 4:1 c 2 ng vo chn chung BA mi b c
ng cho php ring, ng vo v ng ra ring. Tng t ch khi G mc 0
ng Y mi ging 1 trong cc ng vo tu m chn.
74LS157 gm 4 b ghp knh 2:1 c chung ng vo cho php G tc ng
mc thp, chung ng chn A. ng vo d liu 1I0, 1I1 c ng ra tng ng
l 1Y, ng vo d liu 2I0, 2I1 c ng ra tng ng l 2Y, Khi G thp v
A thp s cho d liu vo ng nI0 ra nY (n = 1,2,3,4) cn khi A cao s
cho d liu vo nI1 ra nY. Khi = 1 th Y = 0
Chng hn vi 74LS153, k hiu khi, chn ra, bng trng thi v cu to logic
c minh ho nhng hnh di, vi nhng IC khc cng tng t
31
Hnh 2.26: Cu to bn trong ca 74LS153
2.5.4. ng dng
a) M rng knh ghp
Cc mch ghp knh t ng vo c th c kt hp vi nhau to mch ghp
knh nhiu ng vo. V d to mch ghp knh 16:1 ta c th dng IC
74LS150 hoc cc IC tng t, nhng c 1 cch khc l ghp 2 IC 74LS151
S ghp nh sau:
32
(74LS151 l IC dn knh 8 sang 1)
b) Chuyn i song song sang ni tip:
Cc d liu nh phn nhiu bit, chng hn m ASCII, word,... thng c x l
song song, tc l tt c chng c lm 1 lc. Trong my tnh, d liu c di
chuyn t ni ny n ni khc cng 1 lc trn cc ng dn in song song gi
l cc bus. Khi d liu c truyn i qua khong cch di chng hn hng chc
mt th cch truyn song song khng cn thch hp v tn nhiu ng dy, nhiu,
.... Lc ny mch dn knh c th dng nh mch chuyn i song song sang ni
tip.
Cch ni
33
Cc mch dn knh vi hot ng logic nh xt trc ngoi cch dng
ghp nhiu ng ng vo cn c th dng thit k mch t hp i khi rt d
dng v:
Khng cn phi n gin biu thc nhiu
Thng dng t IC
D thit k
Bi ton thit k mch t hp nh bng di y cho thy r hn iu ny
V d: Thit k mch t hp tho bng s tht sau
Hay c th vit
y l biu thc thuc dng tng ca cc tch. Nh cch thit k trc ta s s dng cc cng
logic gm 3 cng NOT, 4 cng NAND, 1 cng OR, cn nu chuyn sang dng ton cng NAND
khng th phi cn ti 3 cng NAND 2 ng vo, 4 cng NAND 3 ng vo v 1 cng NAND
4 ng vo cha k l phi n gin biu thc nu c th trc khi thc hin.
34
Hnh 2.29: Thit k t hp dng mch dn knh
Tng t s dng MUX 2-1, MUX 4-1 MUX 8-1 thit k cc hm sau:
35
Khi ng cho php G mc 1 th n cm khng cho php d liu vo c
truyn ra bt k ng no nn tt c cc ng ra u mc 0
Nh vy khi G = 0 BA = 00 d liu S c a ra ng Y0, nu S = 0 th Y0
cng bng 0 v nu S = 1 th Y0 cng bng 1,tc l S c a ti Y0; cc ng
khc khng i
Tng t vi cc t hp BA khc th ln lt ra S s l Y1, Y2, Y3
T y c th dng
cng logic thit k
mch tch knh Hnh 2.31: Cu trc ca mch tch knh 1 sang 4
V d: Kho st IC 74LS155
36
Trong cu trc ca n gm 2 b tch knh 1 sang 4, chng c 2 ng chn
A0A1 chung, ng cho php cng c th chung khi ni chn 2 ni vi chn 15).
Mt lu khc l b tch knh u c ng ra o so vi ng vo (d liu vo
chn 1 khng o) cn b tch knh th 2 th ng vo v ng ra nh nhau khi
c tc ng (d liu vo chn 14 o).
Cu trc logic ca mch khng khc g so vi mch xt trn ngoi tr
mch c thm ng cho php
Bng s tht ca 74LS155
Mch tch knh hot ng nh mch gii m. Nhiu mch tch knh cn c
chc nng nh 1 mch gii m. Tht vy,vo d liu S khng c dng nh 1
ng vo d liu ni tip m li dng nh ng vo cho php cn cc ng vo
chn CBA khi ny li c dng nh cc ng vo d liu v cc ng ra vn
gi nguyn chc nng th mch a hp li hot ng nh 1 mch gii m.
Tu thuc m d liu p vo ng C B A m mt trong cc ng ra s ln cao
hay xung thp tu cu trc mch. Nh vy mch tch knh 1:4 nh trn tr
thnh mch gii m 2 sang 4 . Thc t ngoi ng S khi ny tr thnh ng cho
php gii m, mch trn s phi cn mt s ng iu khin khc cho php
mch hot ng gii m hay tch knh; cn cu to logic ca chng hon ton
tng thch nhau. Hnh sau cho php dng mch tch knh 1 sang 4 gii m 2
sang 4.
37
Tng t ta cng c cc loi mch khc nh va tch knh 1:8 va gii m 3:8,
tch knh 1:16/gii m 4:16
2.6.3.Thit k mch phn kn 1 ng vo 8 ng ra
S nguyn l
Y1
Y2
Y3
Y4
X Mch tch knh
Y5
(1-8)
Y6
Y7
Y8
C3 C2 C1
.
Hnh 2.34: S nguyn l mch phn knh 1-8
Trong :
X: Knh d liu vo
Y1, Y2, Y3, Y4, Y5, Y6, Y7, Y8: l cc knh u ra
C1, C2, C3 : l tn hiu iu khin
Ti mt thi im ch c mt u ra c kt ni ti knh u vo, tuy theo
gi tr ca t hp bin iu khin chng ta xc nh c knh no c php
kt ni vi u vo.
Bn trng thi m ta qu trnh hot ng mch phn knh
C3 C2 C1 Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7 Y8
0 0 0 x 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 x 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 0 0 0 x 0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 0 0 x 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 0 0 0
1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 x 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x 0
1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 x
38
Phng trnh logic cc ng ra
Y1 X .C1.C2 .C3 Y2 X .C1.C2 .C3 Y3 X .C1.C2 .C3 Y4 X .C1.C2 .C3
2
1
1
2
3
1 Y1
4
5
2
3
1 Y2
4
5
2
3
1 Y3
4
5
2
3
1 Y4
4
5
2
3
1 Y5
4
5
2
3
1 Y6
4
5
2
3
1 Y7
4
5
2
3
1 Y8
4
5
.
Hnh 2.35: S mch phn knh 1 u vo 8 u ra
2.6.4. Mt s IC gii m tch knh hay dng
Kho st IC tch knh/gii m tiu biu 74LS138
74LS138 l IC MSI gii m 3 ng sang 8 ng hay tch knh 1 ng
sang 8 ng thng dng v c hot ng logic tiu biu, n cn thng c
dng nh mch gii m a ch trong cc mch iu khin v trong my tnh.
S chn v k hiu logic nh hnh di y:
39
Hnh 2.36: K hiu khi v chn ra ca 74LS138
Trong
A0, A1, A2 l 3 ng a ch ng vo
E1, E2 l cc ng vo cho php (tc ng mc thp)
E3 l ng vo cho php tc ng mc cao
O0 n O7 l 8 ng ra (tc ng mc thp )
40
Hnh 2.38: Ghp 4 IC 74LS138 c mch gii m 5 ng sang 32 ng
2.6.5: ng dng
a) Dng mch tch knh thit k mch logic
Cng ging nh mch dn knh, mch tch knh hay gii m cn c th
dng thit k mch logic t hp. Nu nh vic thit k t hp dng mch dn
knh khng dng thm cc cng logic th vi mch tch knh hay gii m t hp li
phi thm vo mt s cng logic mi t c logic t hp mong mun. Nhng b
li, mch tch knh/gii m cho php thit k t hp nhiu ng ra mt cch d
dng. V d sau s minh ho r hn vn ny:
Cho bng s tht nh hnh sau:
41
Nu s dng cch c, ta s xy dng ba K, ri rt gn, vi 4 ng vo, 4
ng ra, xem ra vic rt gn kh di v phc tp. Dng IC 74154 (gii m 4 sang
16, tch knh 1 sang 16), th bi ton s n gin hn.
Tht vy, trc ht cn ni 4 ng vo A, B, C, D ti 4 ng chn ca IC
tch knh, ri da vo bng s tht trn ,ta xc nh cc v tr t hp lm Y0 ln
1. Bn mch gii m/tch knh ta s ni cc ng ra tng ng vi v tr t hp
ti Y0. V c tt c 5 ng ra ln 1 nn cui cng Y0 s l NAND ca 5 ng ra
y. Tng t vi cc ng ra Y1, Y2, Y3. Cch ni mch nh hnh di y
42
Hnh 2.41: Truyn d liu ni tip
l mch gii m/tch knh bn nhn cng phi cn m chn p vo
cc ng DCBA, m ny c ly t mch m bn truyn, do d liu bn
truyn i v bn nhn li mi ng b nhau. Nh vy ta s cn 5 ng dy gm 1
ng truyn d liu ni tip, 1 ng mass chung v 4 ng m s chn. Ngoi
ra do mch m t ng reset khi m ht m (ln 1111) lm d liu c truyn
lin tc nn ta cn phi c 1 mch cht ng ra song song chn d liu li
khi 16 bit truyn mi cho ra mt lt
Thc ra th cch truyn ny vn cha hiu qu lm, ch dng khong cch
gn, ta vn c th gim bt s dy chuyn i na (thay v 6 ng dy nh trn).
Tht vy, thay v truyn i ti 4 ng cho m s chn t mch m ta s ch
truyn i 1 ng xung ng h chung tc l bn nhn s t thm 1 mch m
na to m s chn cho b gii m/tch knh v mch m ny c cp xung
ck ging nh mch m ca bn truyn. Cch hay hn na l truyn xung ck ngay
trn ng truyn ni tip, tt nhin ta phi m ho xung ck li n khng ln ln
vi d liu truyn v bn nhn cng phi c 1 mch pht hin v tch xung ck ra
khi d liu nhn. y c gi l cch truyn tin (d liu) ni tip ng b
(synchronuous data transmission). Ngoi ra cn c cch truyn tin ni tip khng
ng b tc l bn truyn v bn nhn khng dng xung ng h nh nhau, hay ni
43
cch khc d liu truyn v nhn khng ng b nhau. 2 cch truyn ny ta s c
tm hiu r hn nhiu mn hc truyn s liu, giao tip my tnh
Cng cn ni thm rng cc ng vo ca mch dn knh khng ch l 1
byte, 1 word d liu song song cn truyn m c th l cc ng tn hiu ring l,
chng hn mt s ng ly t cm bin nhit ca l nhit, ca cc gian phng
chng chy n; mt s khc l t cm bin d mc cht lng, mt s khc li t cc
cng tc tip im khi b tc ng s to mc tn hiu logic phn hi, .....Tt c u
c thu thp chuyn i v dn li truyn v ni cn thit chng hn phng
gim st iu khin. Ti y cc thng tin c tch tr li v x l, hin th v tnh
trng ca ni ang gim st thu thp chng hn c k t nhp ca, c khi c th
xy ra chy, mc nc, nhit vt qu mc cho php hay tt c vn bnh
thng. Nh vy y c th c s dng cho h thng theo di an ninh t xa.
2.7. Thit k mch m ha
Mch m ha (Encoder) l mch c nhim v bin i nhng k hiu quen
thuc vi con ngi, sang nhng k hiu khng quyen thuc vi con ngi.
2.7.1.Thit k mch m ha nh phn t 8 sang 3
S khi mch nh sau
44
Khi mt ng vo trng thi tch cc ( mc logic 1) v cc ng vo khng
c tch cc nhn mc logic 0. Th ng ra xut hin t m tng ng . C th khi
x0=1, cc u ra cn li x1= x2= x3 = x4 = x5 = x6 = x7 = 0 , th t m ng ra l
000. khi x1=1 cc u ra cn li x0= x2= x3 = x4 = x5 = x6 = x7 = 0, th t m ng
ra nhn gi tr 001,..vv
T bng trng thi ta c phng trnh trng thi ng ra nh sau:
45
Hnh 2.43: Mch m ha nh phn 8 bit sang 3
2.7.2.Thit k mch m ha thp phn 10-4
S khi
46
T phng trnh trng thi ti gin ta c s mch logic dng phn t OR
nh sau:
47
2.8.1. Thit k mch m ha u tin 4-2
48
Nhn vo bng s tht ta thy th t u tin gim t ng vo 9 xung
ng vo 0. Chng hn khi ng vo 9 ang l 0 th bt chp cc ng khc
(X) s BCD ra vn l 1001 (qua cng o na). Ch khi ng vo 9 mc 1 (mc
khng tch cc) th cc ng vo khc mi c th c chp nhn, c th l
ng vo 8 s u tin trc nu n mc thp.Vi mch m ho u tin 8 ng
sang 3 ng, cng c IC tng ng l 74LS148.
2.9. Thit k mch gii m
Mch gii m l mch c chc nng ngc li vi mch m ho tc l nu c 1 m
s p vo ng vo th tng ng s c 1 ng ra c tc ng, m ng vo
thng t hn m ng ra. Tt nhin ng vo cho php phi c bt ln cho
chc nng gii m. Mch gii m c ng dng chnh trong ghp knh d liu,
hin th led 7 on, gii m a ch b nh. Hnh di l s khi ca mch gii
m
2.9.1. Gii m 3 sang 8
Mch gii m 3 ng sang 8 ng bao gm 3 ng vo to nn 8 t hp
trng thi, ng vi mi t hp trng thi c p vo s c 1 ng ra c tc
ng.
49
Bng s tht mch gii m 3 sang 8
50
0 1 0 1 0
T bng cho php ta xc nh c cc 0 1 1 0 1
t hp logic ng vo S ri C mc 1 0 0 1 0
cao 1 0 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 1 1
51
Hnh 2.53: Cu trc mch ca 74LS42, gii m 4 sang 10
Bng s tht ca 74LS42
l v c 4 ng vo nn s c 16 trng thi
logic ng ra. y ch s dng 10 trng thi
logic u, 6 trng thi sau khng dng. Vi mch
gii m 4 sang 16 th s tn dng ht s trng thi
ra. Mt im na l cc ng ra ca 7442 tc
ng mc thp
V nguyn tc ta c th m ho t n ng sang m
ng v ngc li gii m t m ng sang n
ng, chc nng gia m ho v gii m khng
r rt lm, chng u lm nhim v chuyn i t
m ny sang m khc (nhng mch trn u ni n m h 2, thc ra cn nhiu
loi m khc). Cng ch c mt s chng c tch hp sn trong IC nh 7441,
7442 l gii m BCD sang thp phn, 7443 l gii m tha 3 sang thp phn,
Mch sau minh ho cch kt hp mch m s hc chng sau vi mch gii m
cung cp cc hot ng nh thi v nh th t, IC gii m 7445 c dng v
ti l ng c c p ln dng ln ngoi sc cung cp ca cc IC gii m thng
52
Hnh 2.54: ng dng 74LS45
Hnh trn cho thy, mch m to ra 16 t hp trng thi cho mch m ho.
Phi 4 chu k xung ck th Q3 mi xung thp, cho php ng c c cp ngun;
cn n c m ch sau 8 chu k xung ck. Thi gian m ca ti l 1 chu k xung
ck. Ta c th iu chnh thi gian ny t mch dao ng to xung ck. V nguyn
tc hot ng ca mch m 74LS90 ta s tm hiu chng sau.
2.9.3. Thit k mch gii m BCD sang led 7 on
Mt dng mch gii m khc rt hay s dng trong hin th led 7 on l
mch gii m BCD sang led 7 on. Mch ny phc tp hn nhiu so vi mch gii
m BCD sang thp phn ni phn trc bi v mch khi ny phi cho ra t hp
c nhiu ng ra ln cao xung thp hn (tu loi n led anode chung hay
cathode chung) lm cc on led cn thit sng to nn cc s hay k t.
Led 7 on
Trc ht hy xem qua cu trc v loi n led 7 on ca mt s n c
cu to bi 7 on led c chung anode (AC) hay cathode (KC); c sp xp hnh
s 8 vung (nh hnh trn) ngoi ra cn c 1 led con c t lm du phy thp
phn cho s hin th; n c iu khin ring bit khng qua mch gii m. Cc
chn ra ca led c sp xp thnh 2 hng chn gia mi hng chn l A chung
hay K chung. Th t sp xp cho 2 loi nh trnh by di y.
53
Hnh 2.55: Cu trc v chn ra ca 1 dng led 7 on
Hnh 2.56: Led 7 on loi anode chung v cathod chung cng vi mch thc gii m
54
Hnh 2.57: K hiu khi v chn ra 74LS47
Trong
A, B, C, D l cc ng vo m BCD
RBI l ng vo xo dn sng
LT l ng th n
BI/RBO l ng vo xo hay ng ra xo rn
a ti g l cc ng ra (cc thu h)
55
Nhn thy cc ng ra mch gii m tc ng mc thp (0) th led tng
ng sng
Ngoi 10 s t 0 n 9 c gii m, mch cng cn gii m c 6 trng
thi khc, y khng dng n (ghi ch 2)
hot ng gii m xy ra bnh thng th chn LT v BI/RBO phi mc
cao
Mun th n led cc led u sng ht th ko chn LT xung thp (ghi
ch 5)
Mun xo cc s (tt ht led) th ko chn BI xung thp (ghi ch 3)
Khi cn gii m nhiu led 7 on ta cng c th ghp nhiu tng IC, mun xo s 0
v ngha trc th ni chn RBI ca tng u xung thp, khi ny chn ra RBO
cng xung thp v c ni ti tng sau nu mun xo tip s 0 v ngha ca tng
(ghi ch 4). Ring tng cui cng th RBI trng hay mc cao vn hin
th s 0 cui cng
V d: Hy xem mt ng dng ca mch gii m led 7 on:
56
Hnh 2.60. ng dng mch gii m 74LS47
Mch dao ng to ra xung kch cho mch m, ta c th iu chnh chu k
xung mch m nhanh hay chm
Mch m to ra m s m BCD mt cch t ng a ti mch gii m c
th l cho m ln hay m xung
Mch gii m s gii m BCD sang led 7 on hin th s m thp phn
By gi ta c th thay mch dao ng bng 1 b cm bin chng hn dng b thu
pht led t ca vo nu mi ln c 1 ngi vo th b cm bin s to 1 xung
kch kch cho mch m. Lu rng IC 7490 l IC m chia 10 khng ng b m
ta s hc chng sau
Nh vy vi ng dng ny ta c h thng m s ngi vo cng cng c th
m sn phm qua bng truyn, tt nhin ch hn ch s ngi vo nhiu nht
l 9.
Khi ny hnh trn c trnh by dng mch c th nh sau:
57
Hnh2. 44: S cu trc bn trong ma trn LED 5x7 Catt chung
2.9.2. iu khin ma trn LED 5x7
Trong phn ny chng ta ch i tm hiu cch thc iu khin ma trn led
hin th cc ch ci, cc con s hoc cc k hiu tnh.
Trc tin ta xc nh tt c nhng ni dung c th c hin th trn ma
trn xc nh vi tng ni dung hin th, n LED no trong ma trn s c
sng v n no khng c sng. T nhng kt qu gii m ta xc nh c
nhm cc n LED s sng cho mt hoc mt s ni dung c hin th hay ni
khc i ta xem c cc n no hot ng ging nhau th nhm thnh mt nhm.
Nh vy thay v phi iu khin 7x5=35 n LED n ta c th ch phi iu khin
mt s lng nhm n no t hn nhiu.
iu khin c ma trn LED iu u tin cn tnh c m ca LED.
Ty theo mi loi khc nhau chung ta vo hng v ct l cc mc logic 0 hay 1.
Nguyn l qut da vo hin tng lu nh trn vng mch v con ngi ch nhn
c 24h/s. Ti mi thi im ch c mt im sng, do tn s qut nhanh nn mt
con ngi cm nhn c LED qut ng thi. Khi mun LED no sang chng ta
cn phi a tn hiu vo iu khin cho LED .
58
2.3.7.3. V d
Thit k mch hin th ch DTVT trn ma trn LED
VT T T T VT
V T V
V T V
V T V
V T V
VT
TV
TV: Y1
T: Y2
V: Y3
VT: Y4
: Y5
T: Y6
V: Y7
Ta c bng chn l sau:
A B Y1 Y2 Y3 Y4 Y5 Y6 Y7
0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
T 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
V 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
T 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0
T bng chn l ta c c cc phng trnh ca li ra Y v c th v c s
mch.
59
Chng 3. Mch tun t
3.1. Khi nim chung
Trig (Flip - Flop) l phn t c bn nht t ch to ra cc mch dy
(mch logic c nh). Mch Trig thuc loi mch khng ng b c hai trng thi
n nh bn theo thi gian ng vi hai mc logic "1" v "0". Trng thi ca Trig c
th thay i khi tc ng xung ln cc u vo. Trng thi t-ng lai ca Trig
khng nhng ph thuc vo cc bin vo m cn ph thuc vo trng thi hin ti.
Khi ngng tc ng xung ln cc u vo , trng thi Trig gi nguyn, vi c
im ny cc mch Trig -c dng l-u tr thng tin d-i dng m nh phn.
3.2. Cc loai Trig
3.2.1 Trig R-S khng ng b
L loi Trig c bn nht t to ra cc loi Trig khc gm c 2 u vo
l R, S v hai u ra Q, Q vi:
- Q: u ra chnh thng c s dng.
- Q : u ra ph, lun tho mn Q + Q = 1
- R (Reset): u vo xo.
- S (Set): u vo thit lp.
tng thit k trig R-S khng ng b theo cc iu kin sau:
+ Rn = Sn = 0, trng thi ca trig gi nguyn Qn+1 = Qn.
+ Rn = 0; Sn = 1 u ra trig nhn gi tr "1" Qn+1 = 1.
+ Rn = 1; Sn = 0 u ra trig nhn gi tr "0" Qn+1 = 0.
+ Rn = 1; Sn = 1 y l trng thi cm , trng thi Trig l khng xc nh,
trong bng trng thi c nh du bng du "x".
Hot ng ca trig R-S tun theo bng trng thi nh hnh v.
- n: Trng thi hin ti
- n + 1: Trng thi tng lai.
- "-": Gi tr tu chn - c th ly gi tr "1" hoc "0".
- x: Trng thi cm ti gi tr ca hm ra l khng xc nh.
60
Hnh 3.1: S m phng Bng trng thi
T (1) Q n 1 S n Q n .R n S n .Q n .R n (3)
T (2) Q n 1 R n .(Q n S n ) R n .Q n .S n
Q n 1 R n .(Q n .S n ) (4)
T (1) Q n 1 S n R n .Q n S n Q n R n
Q n 1 S n Q n R n (6)
T (3) v (4), (5) v (6) cho php ta xy dng Trig RS khng ng b t cc
phn t NAND, cc phn t NOR hai li vo.
61
Hnh 3.2: S Trig R-S dung phn t NAND
(a ) ( b)
Hnh 3.4: Gin in p lm vic ca Trig R-S t NAND (a), t NOR (b)
3.2.2. Trig R-S ng b.
Ng-i ta mun Trig ch phn ng vo nhng thi im xc nh, iu ny
-c hc hin bng cch -a thm ti u vo tn hiu ph C -c gi l tn hiu
ng b. Khi C = "0" th R = S =1 trng thi Trig gi nguyn cn C = "1" hot
ng ca s ging Trig R-S khng ng b nh- phn tch phn trn.
62
Hnh 3.5: Trig R-S ng b
3.2.3. Trig D (Delay)
Gm c hai u vo C, Dn v hai u ra Qn, Q n vi:
- C: Bin iu khin (xung nhp - xung ng b)
- Dn: D liu vo.
t-ng thit k trig D tun theo cc iu kin sau:
+ Khi C = 0, trng thi ca trig gi nguyn Qn+1 = Qn.
+ Khi C = 1, gi tr u ra trig nhn gi tr a n u vo D Qn+1 = Dn.
63
C.D n Q n .C.C.D n C.D n .Q n .C.C.D n . (1)
Thc hin nhm cc c gi tr 0 trong bng trng thi (dng hi) ta c:
Q n 1 C D n .Q n C
. Q n D n C D n .Q n Q n .D n Q n .C C.D n
C D n .Q n 1 D n C C.D n C D .Q
n n C.D n C.D n .Q n .C.D n C.C.D n .Q n .C.D n
64
Hnh 3.9: S m phng Bng trng thi
65
Hnh 3.11: S xung m t qu trnh lm vic Trig J-K
3.2.5. Trig m T
C hai u vo T, C, hai u ra Q, Q .
-C: Xung ng b (xung nhp).
-T: Bin iu khin, tho mn yu cu sau:
+ T = "0" trng thi Trig gi nguyn Qn+1 = Qn.
+ T = "1" Trig lt trng thi Qn+1 = Q n .
66
3.3. Thit k b m ng b
3.3.1. Cc bc thit k b m ng b
- Phn tch yu cu thit k, v gin xung m t
- Xc nh loi trig, s lng trig
- Lp bng trng thi ca b m
- Lp phng trnh trng thi
- V s logic
0 0 0 0 0
1 0 0 0 1
2 0 0 1 0
3 0 0 1 1
4 0 1 0 0
5 0 1 0 1
6 0 1 1 0
7 0 1 1 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 1 0 0 1
10 0 0 0 0
67
Hnh 3.19: Bng trng thi ca b m module 10
Bc 3: Lp hnh chuyn i trng thi
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 - 0 - 0 - 1 -
1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 - 0 - 1 - - 1
2 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 - 0 - - 0 1 -
3 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 - 1 - - 1 - 1
4 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 - - 0 0 - 1 -
5 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 - - 0 1 - - 1
6 0 1 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 - - 0 - 0 1 -
7 0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 1 - - 1 - 1 - 1
8 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 - 0 0 - 0 - 1 -
9 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 - 1 0 - 0 - - 1
68
Bc 6 : V s mch ca b m
69
Hnh 3.22: S mch b m module 10
3.3.3. Thit k b m li module 8
Gin xung ca b m
Xung m
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
t
Q0
0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1
t
Q1
0 1 1 0 0 1 1 0
t
Q2
0 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
t
70
hnh chuyn i trng thi ca b m
000 001
111 010
110 011
101 100
thit k b m ny ta dung trig JK.
Bng trng thi hot ng ca b m
Xung Trng thi ca trig m Trng thi u vo kch ca trig m
m Hin ti Tip theo
Q2 Q1 Q0 Q2' Q1' Q0' K2 J2 K1 J1 K0 J0
0 0 0 0 1 1 1 - 1 - 1 - 1
7 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 - 0 - 1 -
6 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 - 1 - - 1
5 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 - - 0 1 -
4 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 - - 1 - 1
3 0 1 1 0 1 0 - 0 0 - 1 -
2 0 1 0 0 0 1 - 0 1 - - 1
1 0 0 1 0 0 0 - 0 - 0 1
Ti gin hm
K2
Q1Q0 J 2 Q1Q0
Q2 00 01 11 10 Q2 01 11 10
00
0 X x x X
0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 0 0 1 x x x x
K 2 Q1.Q0 J 2 Q1.Q0
71
K1 J1
Q1Q0 Q1Q0
Q2 00 01 11 10 Q2 00 01 11 10
0 x x 0 1
0 1 0 x x
x 1 1 0 x
1 x 0 1 x
K1 Q0 J1 Q0
0 0
0 0
K0 J0
Q1Q0 Q1Q0
Q2 00 01 11 10 Q2 01 11 10
00
0 x 1 1 x 1 x x 1
0
1 x 1 x 1 1 x 1
1 x
K0 1 J0 1
0
Ta c phng trnh trng0 thi b m nghich module 80 nh sau:
0
K0 1 ; J 0 1 ; K1 Q0 ; J1 Q0 ; K 2 Q1.Q0 ; J 2 Q1.Q0
VCC Q2
Q0 Q1
J Q
J Q J Q U4 1 3
1 3 1 3
2
1 K /Q
K /Q K /Q 3 2 4
2 4 2 4
5
5
AND2
C
Xung vo
S mch logic b li ng b
3.4. B m khng ng b
3.4.1. B m tin
B m tin khng ng b l b m m ta ghp ni tip cc trig vi nhau
, xung cn m c a vo mt cch tun t ti li vo ng b ( ca C ) ca
72
Trig u tin, u ra ca trig trc c ni vi u vo ng b C ca trig tip
theo cp cao hn ( Qi c ni vi Ci 1 ).
3.4.2. Thit k b m li
Gin xung ca b m:
73
Hnh 3.14: Gin xung b m li
Nguyn l lm vic t-ng t nh- b m nh phn thun, gi tr nh phn ca
b m gim dn khi c xung -a ti, b m nh phn ng-c ni tip m cc
trig -c xy dng t cc phn t NAND ng-i ta thc hin ni Q i vi Ci+1
Bng trng thi ca b m ngc:
S Trng thi trig m
xung F3 F2 F1 F0
vo
0 0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
2 1 1 1 0
3 1 1 0 1
74
4 1 1 0 0
5 1 0 1 1
6 1 0 1 0
7 1 0 0 1
8 1 0 0 0
9 0 1 1 1
10 0 1 1 0
11 0 1 0 1
12 0 1 0 0
13 0 0 1 1
14 0 0 1 0
15 0 0 0 1
16 0 0 0 0
75
SET SET SET SET
D0 Q0 D1 Q1 D2 Q2 D3 Q3
Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3
CLR CLR CLR CLR
CLK
CLR
Nhng rng, khi mi bt ngun cho mch m chy, ta khng bit bit 1
nm ng ra ca tng no. Do , cn phi xc lp d liu dch chuyn ban u
cho b m. Ta c th dng ng Pr v Cl lm, nh l tng dng t s
m cho cc mch m khc ni trc, gi s trng thi ban u l 1000 vy
ta c th reset tng FF 3 t Q3 mc 1, cc tng khc th xo bng clear.
Gi s ban u ch cho D0 = 1, cc ng vo tng FF khc l 0. By gi cp
xung ck ng b khi ck ln cao, d liu 1000 c dch sang phi 1 tng do Q 0
= 1, cc ng ra khc l 0. Tip tc cho ck xung thp ln na, Q 1 s ln 1, cc
ng ra khc l 0. Nh vy sau 4 nhp xung ck th Q 3 ln 1 v a v lm D0 = 1.
mch thc hin xong 1 chu trnh. Trng thi cc ng ra ca mch nh hnh
sau:
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CLK
Q0
Q1
Q2
Q3
76
Vi 4 s m ra t 4 tng FF ta c
mch m mod 4. Ch 4 trng thi
ra trong tng s 16 trng thi c
th, iu ny lm gim hiu qu s
dng ca mch m vng. Nhng
n cng c u im ni bt so vi
mch m chia h 2 l khng cn
mch gii m trong cu trc mch
(v thng trong trng thi ca s
m ra ch c 1 bit 1) .
3.5.2. m Johnson (m vng xon)
Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3
CLR CLR CLR CLR
CLK
CLR
77
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
CLK
Q0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 0
Q1 0 0
0 1 1 1 1 0 0
Q2 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 1 0
Q3 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 1 0
Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3
CLR CLR CLR CLR
CLK
CLR
78
Hnh 3.27: Ghi dch 4 bit c bn
3.6.2. Hot ng
Thanh ghi, trc ht c xo (p xung CLEAR) t cc ng ra v 0.
D liu cn dch chuyn c a vo ng D ca tng FF u tin (FF0). mi
xung kch ln ca xung clock, s c 1 bit c dch chuyn t tri sang phi, ni
tip t tng ny qua tng khc v a ra ng Q ca tng sau cng (FF3). Gi
s d liu a vo l 1001, sau 4 xung clock th ta ly ra bit LSB, sau 7 xung clock
ta ly ra bit MSB.
Hnh 3.28: Cho php cht d liu trc khi dch ra ngoi
D liu c a vo thanh ghi khi ng iu khin R/W control mc
cao (Write). D liu ch c a ra ngoi khi ng iu khin mc thp
(Read).
Q0 Q1 Q2 Q3
CLR CLR CLR CLR
CLK
CLR
79
Hnh 3.29: Mch ghi dch vo ni tip ra song song
Bng di y cho thy lm nh th no d liu c a ti ng ra 4 tng FF
ABCD c a vo Pr v Cl t v xo Q0 = A, Q1 = B, Xung ck v
ng vo ni tip khng c tc dng (v s dng ng khng ng b Pr v Cl)
Mt cch khc khng s dng chn Pr v Cl c minh ho nh hnh di y.Cc
cng nand c thm vo np cc bit thp D1, D2, D3. ng WRITE/SHIFT
dng cho php np ( mc thp) v cho php dch ( mc cao). D liu np v
dch vn c thc hin ng b nh cc mch trc.
Hnh 3.2.6 Mch ghi dch cho php dch chuyn c 2 chiu
Vi mch trn, cc cng NAND v ng cho php dch chuyn d liu tri hay
phi. Bng di y minh ho cho mch trn: d liu s dch phi 4 ln ri dch tri
4 ln. l th t 4 bit ra b o ngc li so vi chng trn.
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Hnh 3.22: S b ghi dch u vo ni tip Trig JK ni kiu Trig D
- Khi lnh ghi nhn tr "1" thng tin nh phn D0 D7 -c ghi vo cc trig D (F0
F7), kt thc lnh ghi (nhn tr "0") thng tin nh phn -c l-u tr trong .
Khi c lnh c (G nhn tr "1") cc cng 3 trng thi -c m, thng tin nh
phn -c gi ti a ch cn nhn
Cc thao tc ghi - c -c thc
hin ng thi vi c 8 bit thng tin.
Ngoi ra ng-i ta cn kt hp ph-ng php ni tip v song song trong mt b
ghi dch s dng linh hot cc -u th ca mi cch ng thi to kh nng
chuyn t mt dy thng tin ni tip thnh dng song song hoc ng-c li. Hnh 4
-a ra cu trc mt b ghi dch 4 bit kiu ny, s dng 4 trig D kt hp vi cc
cng logic ph.
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