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[R ]2 [R ]1
=
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T2 T1 T
[ ]# ' [ ]!( ) *
)

[R ] +
velocidad = ,-
T )
 FISICA
ESPACIO(M)

45 V = 45/7
VELOCIDAD
40 V = ESPACIO/TIEMPO
35

30

25 V = 25/4

20

15
V = 10/2
10
5

TIEMPO(S)
2 4 7
.

velocidad =
[P ]2 [P ]1
=
[P ]
T2 T1 T

)/ )

d [R ] 1 d [P ]
velocidad = =
dT 2 dT
0 ) aA + bB cC + dD
1 d [ A] 1 d [B ] 1 d [C ] 1 d [D ]
velocidad = = = =
a dT b dT c dT d dT
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6
3 >?[ ][ ]
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si
K1
= Kc KC =
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. %!# % % -

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KC =
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c d

3 > ? [ ] [ =] $
6 [A] [B ]
a b
 ( "#"% "(' % 56%7
( pC ) .( p D )
c d

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2 / 0 2
6
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n R T
p= = [Molaridad ] R T
V
[SO3 ] (RT )
2 2
1
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[SO2 ] (RT ) [O2 ] (RT )
2 2
6
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( pC ) .( p D )
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si..............Kp =
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,- !

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6
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=
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B

n
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" # #" ; " " " :#"

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6
 Principio de Le Chtelier
Si un sistema que ha alcanzado el equilibrio
qumico es perturbado (cambio de concentracin,
T, P, V), reacciona oponindose a la perturbacin,
de modo de volver a la condicin de equilibrio.
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

6
Principio de Le Chtelier: Efecto
de la concentracin

6
 Principio de Le Chtelier
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

6
 Principio de Le Chtelier: Proceso Haber
N2(g) + 3H2(g) 2NH3(g)

6
=
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@@A B

05.7 C 1 -05.7 0 -15.7

; % # (< " ! (; 0 < 5> C 17 ; <0
n
K P = K c (RT ) =
2
2 l 2
atm l
K P = 1,996 10 0,082 1000 K
mol 2
mol K

?# > +
@A B CD C
6
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p 10 atm mol K
[N2O4 ]inic. = = = 0,38 M
R T 0,082 atm L 318 K
/ 0 E 0 0
5 7 ?$1G ?
" 5 7 ?$1G< H 0H

[ NO2 ]
2
4x 2
KC = = = 0,671 x = 0,18
[N2O4 ] 0,38 x 6
 , ++ + +
+

7 #! ! - ' $ !
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6
 J +
, +
+
HA + H 2 O H 3O + A

Ka =
[HO 3A +
][ ]

[HA][H 2O ]

Ka =
[H O ][A ]
3
+

6
[HA]
 J , +
,
+
RNH 2 + H 2 O RNH 3 + OH

Ki =
[RNH ][OH ] 3
+

[RNH 2 ]
+
NH 3 + H 2 O NH 4 + OH

Ki =
[NH ][OH ]
4
+

6
[NH 3 ]
 J + +
8 8 +
+
H 2 CO3 + H 2 O H 3O + HCO3
[H ][HCO ]
+

K1 = 3

[H 2 CO3 ]
+ 2
HCO3 + H 2 O H 3O + CO3

[H ][CO ]
+ 2

=
[HCO ]
3
K2
3
6
 G $" " & ? G $" " & ?
G $" '
"% " AAB H< G $" , " ADB H

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0 A D ( A
B 4 "
*
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+ 2
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[H ][CO ] + 2

K= = K .K 3

[H 2 CO3 ]
6
1 2
 , +
+
E" B
A ( )1
C A

+ +
Na Ac + HNO 2 Na NO2 + HAc

[HAc ][NO2 ][H ] = Kc

+

[H ][Ac ][HNO2 ]
+

6
 " ( (#" .
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6
 J 3
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[H O + ][OH ]
Ka = 3

[H 2 O ]
2

6
K [H 2 O ] [H ][OH ]
+

1.0 X10
X 10 14
[H ][OH ]
+

X 2
[1.0 X 10 ] 14

X [1.0 X 10 ]
7

6
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6
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6
6
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6
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;0 8!
9 : ;1 ;8 9 > ;1 :8 9 : ;1 H8 9
? ?>? ? ?
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( ""(/

Ka =
[H ][CH 3COO ]
+
= 1.82 x10

5
=
( X )2
[CH 3COOH
3COOH ] (0.010)

"( !" # / L;E 0AL>? IE

#; > 6 6A
0.00135 0.000426
X 100 = 135%........... X 100 = 4.26%
0 .1 0.01
6
++ + + 33 + ++
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6
++ + + 33 + ++

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6
++ + + 33 + ++
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6
++ + + 33 + ++
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#"% & ! "&&& & ) "&( "! -. &
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6
 &
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&
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+
HC 2 H 3O2 H + C2 H 3O2
[H ][C H O ] = 1.8 X 10
+
2 3 2

5

[HC 2 H 3O2 ]
&" 8; I9
0;1 09>8 0;1 0

[H ] = 1.8 X 10
+
M5

5
pH = log( 1.8 X 10 ) = 4.74
6
/ , & # $ #%# %% "%. $"%& ! "&
! #%
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+
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[HA]
6
log [H ]+ log
+ [A ]
= log Ka
[HA]
log [H ] log
+ [A ]
= log Ka
[HA]

pH log
[A ]
= pKa
[HA]
pH = pKa + log
[A ]
- $ ; $ %
&" H; &! !I
[HA]
C sal
pH = pKi + log
C acido
6
* #!
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+ 15.7 +"9 " "H%" " (" ( "("
# " #) "" "( " "( "(#"
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Concentr. equilibrio
8 "!!
9
(mol/l)
K
7 L K L K
7 6L [SO2] [O2] [SO3] Kc
B
# ?$
0? ?$
0? N 0,030 0,115 0,170 279,2
B
# ?$
>F ?$
E? N 0,014 0,332 0,135 280,7
B
#6 N N ?$
0? 0,053 0,026 0,143 280,0
B
#< N N ?$
D? 0,132 0,066 0,568 280,5
6
B
# ?$
>F ?$
E? ?$
0F
0,037 0,343 0,363 280,6
 " % !& " % !%"
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" ' " /

0 + 05.7 C 05.7 0 + 15.7
6 (" "" % # 2
"H% "(' / KC = [SO3 ]
[SO2 ]2 [O2 ]

("!""(% K " "

*% " ( ("H% "( "(#"6 %
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9 0 E5.7 0 05.7O
90 5.7 C 05.7 0 5.7O
9 15(7 5(7 C 05.7O
$9 0 - 15(7 0 15(7 C -0 5.7 C 05.7

[ NO 2 ] 2 K c = [CO2 ]
9 Kc = 9
[N 2O 4 ]

[NOCl ]2
Kc = K c = [CO2 ] [H2O ]
9 [NO ]2 [Cl 2 ] $9

<
* #!
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#"-05.7O 9 "( " ' #"" O9 (
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9 !%" 4 8.9 : 6 ; 8.9 4;68.9

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FE >?$
A0 ?$
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6 < +D ?$
?@0
[NH3 ]2 0,0922 M 2
Kc = =
[N 2 ] [H 2 ]3
1,0623 M 3 0,354 M
K c = 1,996 10-2 M -2
<
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0,0144 x x x
conc. eq(mol/l)
0,25 0,25 0,25
x x

[PCl 3 ] [Cl 2 ] 0,25 0,25
KC = = = 0,48 x = 0,0130
[PCl 5 ] 0,0144 x
< 0,25
Moles equil. 0,0014 0,013 0,013
 $" 0! . &"& " & $ $
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En el laboratorio de fisicoquimica de la F.F.B.Q de
la UNICA, se coloca en un frasco de 10.0 litros
0.300 moles de CH8 y 0.300 moles de HI , a 425
K y 1.16 atm. Hallar :
Kp para la reaccin C4H8(g) +HI(g) C4H9I(g)
Numero de moles que se requerirn con una
mayor cantidad de C4H8 para elevar la presin de
equilibrio a 1.50 atm.
Finalmente, los moles que se requeriran de N2
como gas inerte para elevar la presin total de
equilibrio a 1.50 atm

<
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