Internet cp quang FTTH v FTTB, u l im khc bit?

Hin nay dch v cp quang nc ta ang cng ngy cng r v ph bin hn, mang li c hi tip
cn loi cp Internet tc cao ny cho nhiu ngi hn. Cc nh mng ln nh Viettel, FPT, SPT
hay VNPT u c nhng gi cc rt ph hp cho h gia nh ch cp quang khng cn qu t
v ch dnh ring cho doanh nghip nh trc y na. Nhng trong nhng gi m nh mng a ra
c 2 khi nim l FTTH, FTTB, ngoi ra cn c thm FTTC na nhng khng ph bin bng, vy
u l s khc bit gia cc loi hnh cp quang ny?
FTTH l g?
Fiber to the Home (FTTH) l kt ni cp quang thun ty c i trc tip t nh mng (ISP) n
h gia nh hoc doanh nghip. Nu bn cha bit th si cp quang ny c lm t nhiu si
quang, mi si ch dy c mt cng tc ca bn m thi. N c thit k truyn dn tn hiu
nh sng t u ny n u kia bng nguyn l phn x, v y cng chnh l tn hiu Internet ca
chng ta. hai u s c nhng b chuyn i tn hiu quag thnh tn hiu s. Nhng trong bi ny
chng ta khng tp trung ni v cng ngh cp quang m l cc loi khc nhau.
 Mt on cp quang m nh mng s ko vi nh bn nu bn dng FTTH

nhn bit bng mt thng th cch d nht bit mt cn h c dng FTTH hay khng th bn
ch cn nhn vo ni t router ca cn nh. Ni s c mt hoc hai si cp quang di nhn tng
t nh hnh bn trn, c ni vo mt b nhn ri qua mt b chuyn i tn hiu (Converter, hay
cn gi l Optical Converter hay Media Converter) trc khi i vo router ca ngi dng. Mt s
thit b mi hn th khng cn dng b nhn hay converter na m i thng vo thit b mng lun.

B converter quang ni vo router

FTTB (Fiber to the Building) v FTTC (Fiber to the Cabinet) l g?

y cng l hai loi hnh dch v cp quang ph bin trn th gii, tuy nhin n khng phi l cp
quang thun ty m l s pha trn gia cp quang vi cp ng truyn thng. FTTB v FTTC s
dng cp quang ni t nh mng n mt thng tn hiu, cn t thng ny n tng cn h th s
dng cp ng. L do m cc nh mng a ra loi hnh FTTB v FTTC bi v chi ph r hn so vi
FTTH, t gim gi cc gi cc xung thp hn.

FTTB v FTTC c mt cng ngh gi l DLM - dynamic line management. y l mt h thng t

ng nhm m bo rng kt ni ca bn s n nh v khng b li cng nh tc nhanh.
DLM s lin tc gim st kt ni v khi c vn , v d nh tc b st gim hoc tn hiu km,
th h thng s c gng khc phc li hoc nu khng c th gim tc Internet ca bn xung
nhm m bo tnh n nh. Nhng ch l khi c li, cn bnh thng th DLM khng "hnh
ng" g c.

Nhng s khc bit ca FTTB v FTTC ra sao? N nm di ca on cp ng c s dng.

Nhn vo hnh bn di, bn c th thy rng FTTB ch dng mt on cp ng ngn, thng l t
thng chn ta nh cao c ln n cc cn h bn trong. FTTC th dng on cp ng di hn
(nhng ti a cng ch 300m), cn FTTN th dng si cp ng ln n hn 300m (loi ny khng
c cc nh mng Vit Nam cung cp).

Tc ca FTTH, FTTB, FTTC khc nhau ra sao?

Chnh v di ca on cp ng m n nh hng n tc truyn ti tn hiu, cng l tc
truyn tn hiu Internet ca chng ta. Do si cp cng di th in tr cng ln, cc in t di
chuyn kh hn nn tn hiu i chm hn. Trong khi , vi cp quang th s suy gim tn hiu l
khng ng k do nh sng ch n gin l b phn x lin tc t u ny n u kia ca cp m
thi. Ni cch khc, tc ca FTTH > FTTB > FTTC > FTTN.

Cng cn phi ni thm rng tt c cc loi hnh cp quang ni trn u nhanh hn nhiu so vi cp
ADSL truyn thng, vn s dng hon ton cp ng. Tuy nhin, ch c FTTH l tn dng c li
th ca cp quang khi tc upload v download s bng nhau. Trong khi , do s dng mt phn
cp ng nn FTTB v FTTC s c tc download nhanh hn upload (ging ADSL), v thng
con s chnh lch s kh ln.

V d, vi Viettel, gi cc FTTB Eco c tc download ti a l 12Mbps, upload l 640Kbps.

Trong khi , gi FTTH Eco ca hng th c tc c download ln upload u l 12Mbps. Mt s
quc gia t c tc n 330Mbps cho FTTH, cn FTTB hay FTTC th khong 70-90Mbps
cho mt ng truyn m thi.

Tt nhin, nh mng cng c th s cung cp cng loi FTTH hoc FTTB nhng tc ti a khc
nhau. V d, gi FTTH ca FPT dnh cho h gia nh c cc loi 10Mbps, 15Mbps, 20Mbps. Gi
cc hng thng khi cng s khc nhau.

Mc hin din ca ba loi cp quang

Mt im na m bn cn lu l mc hin din ca ba loi cp quang ni trn s khc nhau.

Thng th nhng cn h ring bit, nh ring s c ko cp quang FTTH trc, trong khi ti cc
chung c, nh cao tng th FTTB s xut hin trc do chi ph thp, cch lp t n gin hn.

Nh trong trng hp ca mnh th vi nm trc Viettel ko FTTB n chung c ni mnh v

mi mnh s dng (trc mnh xi ADSL), nhng do tc khng nhanh lm nn mnh khng k
hp ng. Mi n gia nm 2014 th h mi ko FTTH n v khi mnh mi chuyn sang dng
cp quang. Mt cn h khc ca ngi thn mnh l loi nh trt th ngay t nm 2013 bt u c
FTTH ca VNPT ko n ri.

Li ch v hn ch ca tng loi cp quang ra sao?

Nh ni trn, li th ln nht chnh l tc . FTTH c tc nhanh nht v n mang li

ng truyn bng thng rng cho c h gia nh ln doanh nghip. Khng ch vy, FTTH cn c
thit k cho tng lai, tc l nu sau ny bn cn nng cp ln gi cc nhanh hn th s khng phi
thay i nhiu v thit b, thm ch l khng cn thay i.

Nhng b li, vic lp t FTTH s t hn rt nhiu so vi FTTB hay FTTC c pha nh mng
ln pha ngi dng. Mnh ly gi ca Viettel lm tham kho th lp t FTTH bn s phi b ra
2 triu ng, trong khi FTTB ch l 200.000 ng, tc l r hn 10 ln! Tt nhin l nh mng s c
nhng gi khuyn mi khc nhau, khi h c th min ph hay gim gi lp t th ty trng hp.
Gi cc hng thng th thng l nh nhau cho c FTTH ln FTTB, t nht l vi nh mng Viettel
m mnh tham kho.

Tm li, bn nn chn loi hnh cp no? Trc ht hy gi in ln tng i ca nh mng m bn

mun lp t cp, hoc nu ang dng ADSL sn ri th bn lin h vi nh mng ca mnh bit
xem liu khu vc nh bn c FTTH, FTTB hay c hai. Gi s nh mt khu vc ch c FTTH
hay ch c FTTB th bn khng c nhiu la chn, nhng nu c c hai th:
 Chn FTTH khi bn cn tc nhanh nht c th, c cho vic download ln upload. Nu
bn hay xem phim HD trn mng, hay ti phim, thng xuyn upload file ln ln mng (nh
mnh), hoc cn ngi nh remote vo my tnh cng ty th FTTH l th bn nn chn. Nu
chi ph lp t bn c th m ng c th nn i FTTH v n cn tt cho c tng lai
na. Nu bn m cng ty th cng nn chn FTTH.
Chn FTTB khi bn ch cn tc download nhanh, cn vic upload th khng quan trng
lm. N ph hp cho xem phim, duyt web ni chung, ti cc file ln t Internet v my tnh,
chi game,... nhng s khng hp khi bn thng xuyn upload. Ngoi ra, nu kinh ph hn
ch th bn cng nn chn FTTB do chi ph lp t ban u r hn.
Cn mt s loi hnh cp quang FTTx khc, bn c th c thm trong link Wikipedia bn di.