11-8, 11-9. 1-10, 11-24, The results of two CD triaxial tests at different confining pressures ‘on a medium dense, cohesionless sand are summarized in the table below. The void ratios of both specimens were approximately the $e Test No.1 Test No.2 fe = 100 Pa) (oe = 3000 kPa) Volumetric | Axial Volumetric Strain | Sam (0-03) Surain & ® (xPa) @ ° ° 0 0 0 o am 325 -o10 | 042 2050 -068 322 414 +060 | 250 © 4290, = 1.80 476 a“ +166 | 424 sto 20 651 409 +294 | 600 6850 - 336 Bat 405 vaio | 776 Tha — 3.88 104 370 +510 | 955 8390 4a. 123 4 asm | ua sno -433 143, 333 +633 | 132 8980 47 163, 319 +67 | us 9129 ~ 4 183 318 +706 | 168 140 ~4902 204 308 +74 | 186 9100 ~ 496 25 9090 - 501 (After A. Casagrande.) same at the start of the test. Plot on one set of axes the principal stress difference versus axial strain and volumetric strain (Eq. 11-4) versus axial strain for both tests. Estimate the initial tangent modulus of deformation, the "50%" secant modulus, and the strain at failure for each of these tests. For the two tests of Problem 11-8, determine the angle of internal friction of the sand at (a) peak compressive strength, (b) at ultimate compressive strength, and (c) at 5% axial strain. Com- ments? A sand is hydrostatically consolidated in a triaxial test apparatus to 420 kPa and then sheared with the drainage valves open. At failure, (0, — 0,) is 1046 kPa. Determine the major and minor principal stresses at failure and the angle of shearing resistance. Plot the Mohr diagram. (This problem should be followed by the next one.) ‘A drained triaxial test is performed on a sand with of, = oj = 500 kPa. At failure, tas, = 660 kPa. Find oy, (0, — 0,),, and ¢’.11-35, Two CD stress path triaxial tests are conducted on identical 11-54. A 8 t 50 kPa } 50 KPa ina conditions: | be ee to to 40, = 1804» Joo. das fs f50 At titre ie ie 50 Ao; = J Ao, 50 —Aoy Fig, P11.98 sampies of the same sand. Both specimens are initially consoli- dated hydrostatically to 50 kPa; then each specimen is loaded as shown in Fig. P11-35. Specimen 4 failed when the applied Ao, was 180 kPa. Make the necessary calculations to plot (a) the Mohr circles at failure for both tests, and (b) the stress paths for both tests. (c) Determine ¢ for the sand, (After C. W. Lovell.) Triaxial tests were performed on undisturbed samples from the same depth of organic clay whose preconsolidation load, de- termined from consolidation tests, was in the range 90 to 160 kPa. ‘The principal stresses at failure of two CD tests were Test No. 1: 0, = 200 kPa, 0, = 704kPa TestNo.2: 0 = 278KPa, =o, = 979 kPa Data from one CU test on the same clay are shown below. The effective consolidation pressure was 330 kPa and the sample was loaded in axial compression. ‘Suess Difference ‘Strain Pore Pressure: (Ps) ® (Pay 0 ° 0 20 0.06 18 © 01s 2 90 030 0 120 083 B 150 090 105 180 168 144 20 400 187 240 1550 2811-55. 11-56. 11-57 11-58. (a) Plot the Mohr circles at failure and determine $’ from the CD tests for the normally consolidated portion of the failure envelope (b) For the CU test, plot curves of principal stress difference and pore pressure versus strain. (©) On a p-q diagram, plot the stress paths for the CD and CU tests. What is the OCR of the normal stresses on the failure plane at failure? (@) Assuming that the single CU test for which data are given is representative for CU tests run at pressures well above the preconsolidation stress: (a) What is ¢ in terms of total stresses above the effects of preconsolidation? (b) What is @’ de- termined by the CU test above the effects of preconsolidation? (After A. Casagrande.) In Problem 11-54, failure in the CU test was assumed to have occurred when the maximum principal stress difference was reached. Calculate and plot the principal effective stress ratio versus strain for this test. What is the maximum 0;/o;? Is there any difference in 4’ for the two failure criteria? Hint: Study Fig. 11.35. A CU triaxial test is performed on a cohesive soil. The effective consolidation stress was 750 kPa. At failure, the principal stress difference was 1250 kPa, and the major effective principal stress was 1800 kPa. Compute Skempton’s pore pressure coefficient A at failure. Suppose another specimen of the soil in the preceding problem developed a major effective principal stress of 2200 kPa at failure. ‘What would Skempton’s pore pressure coefficient A at failure be, if of = 900 kPa? Two samples of a slighlly overconsolidated clay were tested in triaxial compression, and the following data at failure were ob- tained. The preconsolidation stress for the clay was estimated from. cedometer tests to be about 400 kPa. ‘Specimen (kPap YP @ 15 750 Ce, ~ os)y 265 620 Au, -5 +450 (a) Determine the Skempton pore pressure parameter A at failure for both tests. (b) Plot the Mohr circles at failure for both total and effective stresses. (© Estimate ¢’ in the normally consolidated range, and c’ and $! for the overconsolidated range of stresses.