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Synchronous Machines Theory PDF
Synchronous Machines Theory PDF
Turbogenerator popular
synchronous generator of
electrical energy in thermal
power stations
B( x ) Bm cos x
p
Hydrogenerator
b) in salient-pole synchronous machines (typical construction of synchronous generator
hydrogenerators) driven by water turbine in
hydro power station.
o
for (x) = B( x ) Bm cos x
p
cos x
p
SM1- 2
4. The rotor is driven and the sinusoidally distributed flux rotates at
rotational (angular) speed . In effect there are electromotive forces
induced in stator windings:
5. In the closed circuit of stator windings the currents flow due to emfs:
- angle of displacement
between emf Ef and current I
iu = 2I sin(t ) in stator winding.
2
iv = 2I sin t Symmetry of load is
3 assumed.
4
iw = 2I sin t
3
PHASOR REPRESENTATION
E total emf induced by total (resultant) flux . It is also called the air-
gap emf (as it corresponds to resultant air-gap flux).
SM1- 3
SPECIAL CASES OF ARMATURE REACTION
For such conditions of a the stator winding is characterised by: Check carefully and
compare the magnetic
Xad direct-axis armature reaction reactance. conditions for fluxes a in
both cases: d and q
=/2 corresponds to pure inductive load current (with respect to Ef). positions in space and time.
Consider also =-/2 (capacitive character of load).
When we take into consideration also the leakage flux of stator winding,
each phase will be characterised by the sum of reactances: Xl leakage reactance of
stator winding.
Xl + Xad = Xd direct-axis synchronous reactance,
INDIVIDUAL LOAD
OR
POWER SYSTEM
L load angle
- phase angle
E f = U + jX ad I + jX l I + R1I
E f = U + jX d I