TRIALS OF OZ

the philosophy of Oz was a contradiction in terms involves sarcasm as the magazine has
no philosophy as it isnt a threat; AKA, a pithy statement to simplify the case and highlight
moral dilemmas in media, in a sarcastic tone that elicits a visceral response and engages a
persons sense of humour
Use of cast, stage hand and script represents the court room of a theatre which
discredits the court as theatres are stereotypically pretentious and false
I knew all about the law but nothing about justice is a pun which emphasises the
complicated process that is justice. Geoffrey Robertson is commenting that he knows about
the law but not how justice is handed down by application of the law.
Where are we the Soviet Union? use of a rhetorical question to emphasise how
appalled Geoffrey Robertson is about the conservative system that is administering justice
If during the trial he regarded evidence as irrelevant he would put his pen down with a
clatter is an extended metaphor emphasising the conservative, prejudiced and old
fashioned values of Judge Argyle. It shows how the judge uses his status to influence the
jury in their handing down of a verdict. This shows how the judge influences others by his
subjective views.
o The ritual dance of the Lordships pen is a metaphor supporting point
above
Set the moral standard is said by Leary and described by Robertson as a seductive
invitation. Leary is the person representing the adversarial system who is supposed to be
protecting the public but his case results in an exaggeration of the facts
A device that Robertson uses is selective inclusion. Through the use of selective inclusion,
Robertson positions the reader to view the judge as a biased and old fashioned man.
Robertson states sarcastically that the judge stated "we just don't do this sort of thing
sarcastically"
A device Robertson uses is rhetorical questions. An example of this is seen when Robertson
states after the defendants were sent to jail "I could not believe it. Where were we - the
Soviet Union?" By doing this it leaves the reader questioning if this sentence was fair or
unjust
Young vs. conservative
Although he gives voice to both the judge and himself, he selectively chooses
the evidence in which he wishes to display
pg. 33: Er, Im sorry, I thought he was well known: almost mocking the
judges tone, who has a lack of modern education, and who doesnt seem to
care about bias opinion, author doesnt agree with judge
issue of freedom of speech and morality
The extended metaphor of the stage hand defence portrays the idea it is a performance
rather than a fight for justice- insight of how Robertson feels about the legal system
describes the magazine as a put down coffee table magazine, labelling it as insubstantial
and lightweight
as a matter of law, obscenity
requires some glamorisations,
titillation or other inducement
cunnilingus as cunnilinctus
Pardon me but is Hair and
article?
we just dont do this sort of thing
in Birmingham
A huge quantity of public time and
money has been spent in the eager
pursuit of what? A schoolboy
prank.
where were we the Soviet
Union?
They are comparatively poor men,
therefore a fine is inappropriate
(judges should never decide that
prison is the only alternative
because a person too poor to pay a
fine)
Use of This knowledge in itself positions us to
sophisticated accept his authority on these matters.
language It reinforces his power in the midst of a
quite colloquial text.
dialogue Robertson has added in this snippet of
dialogue although it gives no value to
the actual trial in order to undermine
Judge Argle. It characterises Argyle into
one that is very conservative and
Robertson clearly portrays his opinion
on how he is open to the minority and
he speaks for the freedom of artistic
expression
Mocking tone Robertson uses the characterisation of
Argyle to place himself in a much
higher status and one to be respected
much more than the rest. His
manipulative language allows the
audience to relate to him more that
the opposition.
Rhetorical The replied rhetorical question
question that is subconsciously accept the answer that
answered has been given. Robertsons opinion of
it being a schoolboy prank suggests
to the audience that this trial is being
pedantic over a minor issue.
As above This connotes ideas of strict,
totalitarian regimes where freedom
and expression are oppressed.
-Mocking the judgement of the jury.
Use of Brackets We follow Robertsons logic we see
as an aside to his perspective as the right one and
the audience the Judge as an incompetent fool. His
showing commentary on the Judges statement
Robertsons presents his opinion as being more
own views superior.
 MICHAEL X ON DEATH ROW
In Michael X on Death Row Robertson uses conflicting perspectives to validate his
humanitarian-cum-democratic agenda.
From the outset, Robertson demonstrates conflicting perspectives between his personal
beliefs and the viewpoint of society.
o The direct speech of the taxi driver, Im in favour of abolishing the death penalty
reveals Robertsons perspective
o However, Robertson ironically undermines the build-up as the taxi driver states, as
soon as they hang Michael X to reveal Robertsons perspective is out of kilter with
popular opinion.
o This scene is testament to the highly emotional David-versus-Goliath scenario
Robertson tends to create, self-fashioning himself as the humble, outspoken
underdog who desires the best for society.
o Whilst Robertson embeds the chapter with the conservative, traditional, legal and
political justifications for capital punishment; Robertson dismisses these
perspectives, taking instead an ethical line of argument to justify why capital
punishment should be abolished.
o Robertson uses ghoulish imagery of the execution process: the body twists to and
fro and breaking of the cervical vertebrae to confront the audience and develop
sympathy for the prisoners
o Robertsons vignette of Michael X with fear and pleading in his eyes leads
Robertson and his audience to conclude that Michael has changed and is not the
same man who brutally murder Joe Skerritt

MICHAEL X FORMS AND TECHNIQUES

Form essay, non-fiction
Robertsons perspective he is against the harsh treatment of prisoners on death row

Metaphors
o Michael X became the cancer that the good people of Trinidad wanted to cut out
of their society. powerful and emotional metaphor intensifies societys views on
the murderer
Graphic Detailing
o There are times when the neck has been broken and the prisoner strangles to
death. His eyes pop almost out of his head, his tongue swells and protrudes of his
mouth, his neck may be broken and the rope many times takes large proportions of
skin and flesh from the side of the face that the noose is on. He urinates, he
defecates and droppings fall to the floor while witnesses look on A prison guard
stands at the feet of the hanged person and holds the body steady, because during
 the first few minutes there is usually considerable struggling in an effort to
breathe. graphic imagery makes us want to sympathize, makes us feel revolted
at the treatment of the prisoners
o indecent and inhumane
o Slash the wrists and tendons of the feet
Recurring motif animal/bestial imagery dehumanises these individuals
o I was taken to visit him in the way that one might be taken by a zookeeper to see
the rarest specimen in the money house.
o As I leant against the wire of his cage
o Fingers scratching through the wire of the concrete-floored cages, screeching and
shouting
Imagery positions us to sympathise with Michael X
o Michael alone was quiet and self-contained: close-shaven, wiry, light-skinned, he
looked nothing like the black-power revolutionary with face twisted in bitter
defiance, a stereotype he has originated for the benefit of the media in Britain.
demonstrates Robertsons own perspective and point of view
Emotive Language
o You see for them you represent hope. Their only hope. Thats why they are
holding onto every word you say, even though they dont understand them. But
they know if you do this case for me, it will help them. Thats why you should do it,
not for me but for them. They will hang me, whatever happens. Michael X, being
selfless gives Michael a voice and makes the audience feel sympathetic for him
o Robertson calls him Michael which personalises it, makes him seem like just
another person
Selective inclusion positions us to view the governments actions as unfair
o treatment by the State which irretrievably violates them.
o prolonged stay on death row amounted to cruel and unusual treatment
o Impoverished lawyer describes himself so that the audience feels pity
o Convicted of killing one of his dwindling band of followers this makes the victim
seem unimportant, that the crime was not worth the death penalty
o Michael gave the media what they wanted; he played the uppity nigger with a
soul of ice this again positions us through his deliberate representation of the
character, this shows that there is more to his than the media portrays and that they
were in a society which judged him based on the media representation.
Juxtaposition
o Used to establish a positive characterisation for Michael self-contained and
clean
Sibilance and torture imagery
o Fingers scratchingscreeching and shouting
 INSIGHTS INTO HUMAN NATURE
Shows how people try to portray/display themselves as meritorious by discrediting other
views
o Diana in the Dock most private gym in London, like working out in a shop
window ridicules Dianas claim
o (whose decision to bomb Cambodia counts for many as a crime against
humanity) in reference to doctor Kissinger, and gave Diana a humanitarian prize,
uses this phrase in brackets to basically debunk the prize and its authenticity
o used the diseased and the dying as visual props to make herself look better than
she was is unsympathetic, and manipulates others to make herself look more
morally perfect
o obtaining injunctions and orders of every kind against Taylor, freezing his assets
and effectively ruining him as a humanitarian figure, he is portraying her as
irrational and using her royal privileges to manipulate the common man
Moral and ethical standards are set by accepted values dominant in our society. Events and
situations add to ones understanding of how various individuals may have conflicting
perspectives.
o Robertsons essay Romans in Britain Whitehouse argues that in a community of
ethical people, general audiences do not need to be exposed to behaviours that are
crude. The modality of her language shows strong opposition to acts that she
perceived as obscene. Robertson opposed this due to his attitude to Whitehouses
out-dated understanding of social values.
There is a characterisation of her as mother and grandmother to present her
maternal instincts. Doesnt want her children exposed to obscenity.
Obsession with celebrity figures
o Diana in the Dock: Voyeurism, Obsessive behaviour, living vicariously through others
o Living through the lives of others
o Privacy
o Characterises her as trivial and silly
Exercising on a contraption called a leg-press- sounds flippant
Greed
o Diana in the Dock: Mr Taylor's desire for money
o Characterises Diana as a figure that is using her power to destroy others- self-motivated
o She asked the court to shape the common law as to shelter her- self-interested
o Anti-royalist views Linked to corruption of society
o Corruption makes motivations self-centred and lowers moral standards
Power
o Diana in the Dock: Diana using her power to crush the gym man (Mr Bruce Taylor)
o Positions Bruce Taylor (gym manager who had taken the photos) as the victim
Impoverished Mr Taylor
 Diana acted against him freezing his assets and effectively ruining him-
trying to get us to sympathise with him
Passive and active- Diana is the doer

Divide between celebrity and citizen, rich and poor

o Diana in the Dock: Diana attempting to break down barrier by using public gym
Back fires --> she ends up gaining more publicity
o Attacks her choice of gym- she brought this on herself
The least private gym in London
It was like working out in a shop window- simile
The impact of religion on beliefs- he doesnt like it, and doesnt like that people impose their
moral standings on others, particularly if they are anachronistic
o Romans in Britain: Characterises Mary Whitehouse:
o Presented as an old woman- she is a woman of seventy-one, mother and
grandmother- conservative values
o She declared herself horrified- erratic and ill-informed
What determines an individual's moral standing?
o What a comment on the days in which we live!
o Tone of moral indignation
o Contrasts this by saying that this was what the play was really about- it was heavy-
handed in moral out-rage- she is the one who is not moral
He doesnt believe that her religion is the reason for her opposing the play- uses religious
language to show he knows what hes talking about
o Mary then divined that a private prosecution was what the Lord would have me
do
o Rapturously, she confided to the diary she immediately published

Broadening understanding of worldviews

Worldviews explored in the text:

Death penalty
Censorship
Privacy

1. Broaden your understanding of world views

- 2 perspectives give us a broader understanding of how people see things such as
beliefs & perceptions
2. Multitudes of worldviews are explored in the text. Robertson is very skilled at positioning his
worldview as more valid and correct and he actively dismisses opposing perspectives.

Death penalty: Michael X on Death Row

Theme Example
 That the death penalty is bad and a violation
of human rights. It should be outlawed- this is
a very clear worldview that Robertson
believes and his view is very clear throughout
the text.
The use of very strong and emotive language.
The way he describes bodily fluid staining the
while gown dehumanizes the victim. He make
the reader feel sorry for the prisoner.

That no matter what someone does this type
of punishment is not acceptable.
Robertson manipulates the reader to take this
worldview into perspective by using very
emotive language to evoke feelings when
discussing how he is going to be executed but
alternatively very un-emotive language when
discussing the actions Michael X did to land him
in such a position.

Privacy: Dianna in the Dock

Theme Example

The idea that Diannas privacy was being
violated was only minimally explored during
the text. There was little evidence or talk for
he worldview that Dianna was not asking for
this publicity.
But none of this made up for the original
violation, the shock and sense of
powerlessness that plaintiff had suffered.

Robertson made his view very clear that But Dianna wanted privacy only when it
Dianna was doing this as a publicity stunt and suited her.
that she wanted the attention. She only got
angry over this misuse of the media when it
did not show her in a positive light.

DIVERSITY AND DIFFERENCE

Dianna and the Dock- Does privacy matter?

The way in which the media represents Princess Dianna is completely different from the way
that Geoffrey Robertson portrays Dianna. The Difference in the way that Dianna is
portrayed is that in the opening explanation of the chapter Geoffrey Robertson speaks badly
of her compared to the way that the media speaks about her or even the way in which she
 would talk about herself. Robertson portrays Dianna as trivial and silly they were spread
over seven paged of her exercising on a contraption called a leg press
The pictures that were put in the magazine represent Princess Diana to be calm and
confident however the difference is that Geoffrey Robertson doesnt portray her to be like
that
Diana is positioned as a self-motivated/ interested woman. Diana didnt want negative
publicity and the difference here is that the media will portray her as negatively and as
badly as possible. Dianna only wants the good publicity.
The sight if her image in a gloating tabloid caused such a deep humiliation and a sense of
violation that she determined to do something that has no direct precedents in British law.
To obtain the damages for the invasion for their privacy. She asked the court to shape the
common law so as to shelter her from the vary world of tabloid eaters and paparazzi
which had become an essential feature of her life and in due course of her death.
Robertson also attacks Dianas choice of gym the least private gym in London the
difference is that she feels that she can go wherever she wants to exercise however the gym
owner thinks that she shouldnt exercise in the public eye
Robertson also has a different opinion to Princess Diana, Roberson feels that Dianna should
not have exercised in the public gym, he doesnt understand why if she has her own gym at
home why should she exercise in the public gym. He describes the leg press machine that
Diana uses was in front of a vast glass wall looking onto a public thoroughfare: it was
like working out in a shop window

The trials of Oz

the banner of the alternative society
conspired to publish
conspiracy to corrupt public morals
write on but you had finished the
interview? Not W-R-I-T-E, my lord but R-
I-G-H-T on. Its a revolutionary expression
lavatory drawing
- Changing times, the 70s was a time
where very different opinions and
sub-societies were emerging
- Misunderstanding of intentions
between the generations and sub-
societies
- The younger generations have less
harmful and thought through
intentions, but are being accused by
the older generations of conspiring,
when they only intend to entertain
- Changing times. Different
expressions and jargon for different
generations and sub-societies.
- Write/right homophone
- Different perspectives on the court
case.
- The case against the Oz magazine is
generally older and sees the article as
immoral and a conspiracy. The
defence is younger and defends the
 article as a simple drawing for
entertainment. And Leary who calls
the article a lavatory drawing leaves
the impression that the court case is
unnecessary and childish.

DIANA IN THE DOCK

Robertsons tone becomes judgemental towards Diana, exemplified through his claim that
Diana wanted privacy only when it suited her. This powerful sentence was very much in
line with what many really through of Diana, that she courted the media and so deserved
it. Diana had made a Faustian bargain with the media, referring to the story of Faust
who sells his soul to the devil; hence in this case, the media is symbolic to the devil.

DIANA IN THE DOCK FORMS AND TECHNIQUES

Technique: Sarcastic and hyperbolic tone
o least private gym in London
o the gym is criss-crossed by catwalks
o it was like working out in a shop window
o Effect: These quotes devalue Dianas claim for the need for privacy when he writes of
the public nature of the gym that she attends. . Her choice to work out in such an open
and public place can be seen to devalues her claim for privacy. He is subtlety yet firmly
making fun of her case; because he opposes her claim for privacy when she does not
desire privacy in some aspects of her life.
Technique: Position Dianas Character to be seen a certain way
o could the justice game be won and without damage to herself?
But Diana wanted privacy only when it suited herself
using the diseased an dying as visual props to make herself look better than she was
at her request she was pictured hugging dying black AIDS babies
o Effect: This alters the audiences opinion on Diana through attacking her character and
intentions of her actions; shedding a negative light on Diana. Confronting views of her
misusing her charity work by twisting the nature of her intentions to make her seem
self-involved creates a negative view on her character as a duplicitous attention-seeker
Technique: Power play
o obtaining injunctions and orders of every kind against Taylor, freezing his assets
and effectively ruining him
offered to give Diana all his rights and profits in the photographs if only she would
call off the lawyers
o Effect: As a humanitarian figure, he is portraying her as irrational and abusing her royal
power
Technique: Redefining privacy (public figures = public property)
 o Diana wanted privacy only when it suited her
A Faustian Bargain
I was in favour of privacy laws but opposed to monarchy
o Effect: Encourages audiences to see Diana as contradicting her own actions, bringing the
very definition of privacy to question, showing the double standards of privacy (public
figure)
Nature of language - for privacy (Title: mentions Privacy. = primary concern.)
o During this chapter: Not much internal discussion between those involved. Robertson is
juggling the conflicting perspectives. Just expressing his views. About conflict of
Robertson's point of view, him dealing with these points of view in his mind. (Unlike Oz)
Strong language: "gloating tabloid", "deep humiliation", "sense of violation
o Purpose: "to obtain damages for the invasion of her privacy". "She asked the court to
shape the common law so as to shelter her from the very world of tabloid editors and
paparazzi which has become an essential feature of her life"
Technique: Strong/high modality language
o Example: "gloating tabloid", "deep humiliation", "sense of violation", "victim of a dirty
trick"
o Effect: Shows that he is deeply conflicted with privacy vs public interest. The
aforementioned high position as QC also influences the audience in that is someone
with such high standing and knowledge in the subject has such strong views against
celebrities losing their privacy as a consequence of fame.
Technique: Rhetorical question
o Example: "but could she, and if so should she, sue?"
o Meaning: Highlights his internal conflict. Also highlights the conflict/shades of grey that
exists between morality and legality. Just because it is immoral, does that mean that
Diana has the right to sue? In addition, whether it was sensible for someone like Diana
to exercise the claim on privacy.
Technique: Sarcasm
o Example: "She could have much more conveniently used the gym at Buckingham
Palace" They gymnasium, from Ancient Greece onwards, has been a public arena
that was the very reason Diana would leave Kensington Palace, drive for up to an
hour, two or three times a week, to his everyday place full of nondescript people, to
chat them up and light them up.
o Meaning: Discredits Diana and questions whether her claim is real or not. Thus the
audience also questions her.

DEVICES IN THE AFTERWORD

"I'd rather be a barrister on a miner's pay than a miner on a barrister's pay"
o Through persuading the reader to believe that Robertson is in his job for the right
reasons we are positioned to like Robertson as a person an therefore more easily accept
his perspective
"professional people have no cares whatever happens, they get theirs"
 o Selective inclusion of Ogden Nash's quote positions us to reject the opinions of
professional people which Robertson is also but then as in the previous quote positions
us to separate Robertson from this group
"the first rule is don't play unless you have to"
o Cumulative listing of the rules of the justice game positions us to believe that
Robertson's perspective is one that resembles the one of the public positioning us to
more easily accepting his perspective
"they hated me for it"
o Robertson describes how he often was a part of unpopular cases and low profile ones
positioning us to believe that his aim is not for publicity and money but for the right
reasons. To offer everyone an equal and fair chance, which is something that the public
values.
"justice is not treated as the deadly serious game that it is, to be played by rules"
o Robertson by rejecting the corruption in the justice system positions the audience to
believe that he has a subjective and fair opinion thereby more easily accepting it.
"He thumped the table and declared that justice is not a game"
o Using the word thump places emphasis on the point, mocking chief justice peter Taylor
therefore positioning us to reject his opinion and accepting his own. (Robertson often
includes others opinions but then mocks them in order to dismiss their opinions)
"if liberty means anything at all it means the right to tell people what they do not want to
hear said George Orwell"
o the use of intersexual references to communicate Robertson's perspective results in the
reader more easily accepting his perspective since other well respected people have the
same perspective.
OBJECTIVITY
Within Geoffrey Robertsons texts, he employs selective literary devices are used for his own self-
serving agenda His aim is to win the case, therefore the truth is always subjective.

These techniques and representations ultimately shape our perspective.

Robertson uses the text to show the audience his perspective in order to promote Justice.
(Robertsons view of Justice) - Justice is a relative concept through the cases represented in
the text Robertson is able to demonstrate his perspective and representations to promote
what he believes is the truth, justice and what is right.

Trials of Oz
Geoffrey Robertson through his texts appears to be objective as he includes the perception of both
sides however; he does this through selective inclusion.

Act of Representation: This means that the composer has selected evidence, selectively,
It is not a verbatim account of the truth, but a representation of the truth, Robertson is
an astute legal man, argument is his game
He selectively includes Judge Argyles misunderstanding of right on! and
mispronouncing of cunnilingus to position the reader to view him as out-dated; an old
 conservative man who is out of touch with modern society it also shows that Argyles
context causes bias and is influential in the case
He includes the psych report to support Robertsons view they (the defendants) are of
high intelligence polite courteous. There are aspects of society that appal them
and they edited Oz to show the urgent need for reform the inclusion of this shows a
third party, objective perspective which accentuates Robertsons ideas.

Diana in the Dock-Does privacy matter?

I might have preferred to act for the Princess

o Mocking the monarchy for his advantage
Could the justice game be won convincingly and without damage to herself?
o This is juxtaposed with (quote one trial of oz) as justice is used within a different
context which heightens Robertson has a clear understanding of what justice
means. This challenges audiences and puts forward he carefully selects his word
choice in favour to promote his view upon the trial rather than compensating for all.

The Show Trials

But when such people are charged with criminal offences they usually qualify for legal
aid/ in which case there is no shortage of barristers anxious to defend the
o Conflicts with Michael X
o 2 situations: only act for someone to get paid (work for money: GR had a need to
fight for rights)
o Purpose: wants to look like the underdog.
o Robertson comments on the innate corruption of human beings
'the law, after all, is a discipline which trains and controls those who apply it. When
conventional principles become part of the law, they will be reflected in the attitudes of
the law's disciples.
o It means that the law becomes very conservative and impose their morality on that
society Modernised classification of the law
o Romans in Britain/trials of Oz (criticises the judges from being too old and date)
o Biblical reference 'disciples' --> people become followers of the old conservative way
of thinking

The Romans in Britain

Language is witty and sarcastic and there is a tone of amusement. GR uses this to allow for
the audience to think that the trial is ludicrous is nature and thus think him not bias towards
the case
Emphasises that Mary Whitehouse had not in fact seen the play
Upon discovering that Whitehouses representative, Ross-Cornes, sat 90 yards away from
the stage, GR planted seeds of doubt into his mind, that the witness might not have seen the
tip, and in actual fact, there was no buggery.
 - Do you can you- swear on oath to his Lordship and to the jury that you are certain you
saw the tip of a penis from a distance of ninety yards from the stage?
When asked about the legal costs of the trial after she lost, she answers God will provide.
GR selectively includes this to position us to characterize Whitehouse as an old, conservative,
religious woman who has not appreciation for current values and context, further positioning
us to agree that the case is amusing and ridiculous. His mocking tone devalues MWs
religious beliefs
Selectively includes public support, shows readers that the public shares his views on the trial
and that it is not subjective
- this time sir, were on your side-Policewoman

SUBJECTIVITY
Chapter Evidence Analysis
The Trials of Oz Then, after the "guilty" verdicts are read The word guilty being in quotation
out, we are told that the judge said marks suggests that being wrongly
"With the relief of a man making a bowel accused. Ugly imagery to humiliate him
movement after weeks of constipation,
"Gaoler, take them down!

in cross examining experts on artistic Subjective opinion demoralises Learys

merit, sarcasm will get you everywhere ability sweeping it off as a passing
comment

Oz 28 was one of the least seductive Painting a picture of a horrific and non-
pieces of literature every published seductive piece of literature.

confession which he never made would Assuming indecent actions.

be recorded in police notebooks

more or less everyone committed Placing everyone in the same boat to

perjury feel better about it.

Michael X on given the choice, I would prefer five He clearly states his opinion here to
Death Row years on death row to five years of death give us insight to the nature of death
but no state should offer the choice to row and its punishment.
men it has, one day, decided to kill

I was taken to visit him in the way that Positioning us to feel empathetic
one might be taken by a zoo-keeper to towards the criminal.
see the rarest specimen in a monkey
house

if you wish to teach the people to Robertson offers anothers perspective

reverence human life, you must first show on the death penalty that agrees with
that you reverence it yourselves his view.
 What happened next is the subject of
several books, none of them convincing
because they mainly rely on witnesses
who incriminated Michael de Freitas in
order to save their own necks.
The Romans in "Mary then divined that a private
Britain prosecution was 'what the lord would
have me do'"
"she confided to the diary she
immediately published"
a play she had not seen in a theatre she
had never attended"
no doubt she was praying in the corridor
(in fact her new QC advised her to pray
and stay at home)"
Mary for once in her life avoided the
press"
she became less and less relevant as the
thatcher government she supported
encouraged sexual profiteering
undermining white house"
The prisoner of the comic opera side of Venda was
Venda immediately apparent
apartheid had made South Africa a
pariah state, condemned for injustice at
commonwealth conferences by African
governments whose own legal systems
were far less than just
the Lutherans were brutally treated in
detention but they were gentle church
men with no wish for revenge
Show trials the most wicked lawyer of the century
sarcasm will get you everywhere
this is not a theatre its a court
they knew the importance of free
speech, because they had lived without it
for so long
Again tries to make us feel sympathy
for Michael and stating that relying on
witnesses is in just. Makes the reader
doubt the justice system.
Here he positions us to be against the
godly characteristics of Marys
personality.
His tone is degrading towards her, and
he positions us to see her in a childish
manner.
He is presenting the facts to persuade
us
Degrading her (and her religion) to get
the reader on his side
positions us to view her as weak and a
sore loser
he is stating that a reader should
disregard her comments and it is
irrelevant
Stating is fake ness as everything is
over dramatized
He forces his own opinion on the
reader in terms of the government.
We are manipulated to show sympathy
towards the Lutherans because they
are gentle church men
Immediately creates response -
wicked
Personal opinion
The judge is then seen as over dramatic
We feel sorry for those who were in a
position of entrapment
 psychological pressure to extract
confessions
Diana in the but Diana wanted privacy only when it
dock suited her"
yet there is no law at all to protect
personal privacy"
Why is privacy a value which calls for
protection under every human rights
treaty ever devised?"
We are inclined to perceive loss of
privacy for being rich and famous"
These are examples for a privacy which
requires protection by reason of our
humanity."
Faustian bargain she had made with the
media"
very few wish to go through an ordeal in
the courtroom which invades their
privacy all over again"
using the diseased and the dying as
visual props to make herself look better
than she was"
"the two questions must be separated:
whether the law can be made to provide
recompense for infringement of privacy
came first but the second - whether it was
sensible for someone like Diana to
exercise the assumed right - dependant
on a very different calculation"
The use torture to get the information
they want
He depicts her as bringing it upon
herself
The use of the word yet forced the
reader to expect a law to protect
privacy
He questions the importance of us
treating her any different to an
ordinary person
We want to know the personal lives of
those who seem to be living the high
life
We are positioned to feel like it is our
right that our privacy is protected
He personifies her in a way that makes
us see her in the wrong
Here he suggests that whilst she was
seen as helping those in need, she was
only doing it to make herself look
better
We are manipulated to believe that it is
her own fault that her privacy is
invaded